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Martin WJ, Sibley PK, Prosser RS. Characterization of Springtail (Arrhopalites caecus) for Use in Soil Ecotoxicity Testing. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2024. [PMID: 38837715 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Springtails (subclass: Collembola) represent one of the most extensively studied invertebrate groups in soil ecotoxicology. This is because of their ease of laboratory culture, significant ecological role, and sensitivity to environmental contaminants. Folsomia candida (family: Isotomidae) is a globally widespread parthenogenetic species that is prevalent in laboratory toxicity testing with springtails. Conversely, Arrhopalites caecus (family: Arrhopalitidae), a parthenogenic globular springtail species, remains untested in soil ecotoxicology. This species is found in diverse habitats, including cave systems and forest leaf litter, and has a global distribution. The sensitivity of A. caecus to environmental contaminants, such as neonicotinoid insecticides, as well as its life history and optimal culturing conditions, are largely unknown. The present study describes the establishment of a pure A. caecus laboratory culture and characterization of its life cycle and culturing conditions. We assessed the sensitivity of A. caecus to various insecticides, including exposures to the neonicotinoid thiamethoxam in soil and through a novel feeding assay as well as to clothianidin and cyantraniliprole in spiked soil exposures. In 7- and 14-day exposures to thiamethoxam in agricultural soil, the 50% lethal concentration (LC50) values were determined to be 0.129 mg/kg dry weight and 0.010 mg/kg dry weight, respectively. The 14-day LC50 for exposure to thiamethoxam via spiked food was determined to be 0.307 mg/kg dry weight. In addition, the 28-day 50% effect concentration for inhibition of juvenile production from cyantraniliprole exposure in the same soil type was 0.055 mg/kg dry weight. Challenges encountered in using this species included susceptibility to mite infestation and low adult survival rates in the 28-day cyantraniliprole test. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;00:1-16. © 2024 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Martin
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paul K Sibley
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ryan S Prosser
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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2
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Ernst G, Amorim MJB, Bottoms M, Brooks AC, Hodson ME, Kimmel S, Kotschik P, Marx MT, Natal-da-Luz T, Pelosi C, Pieper S, Schimera A, Scott-Fordsmand J, Sharples A, Sousa JP, van Gestel CAM, van Hall B, Bergtold M. Intermediate-tier options in the environmental risk assessment of plant protection products for soil invertebrates-Synthesis of a workshop. INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT 2024; 20:780-793. [PMID: 37563990 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.4825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
The European environmental risk assessment (ERA) of plant protection products follows a tiered approach. The approach for soil invertebrates currently consists of two steps, starting with a Tier 1 assessment based on reproduction toxicity tests with earthworms, springtails, and predatory mites. In case an unacceptable risk is identified at Tier 1, field studies can be conducted as a higher-tier option. For soil invertebrates, intermediate tiers are not implemented. Hence, there is limited possibility to include additional information for the ERA to address specific concerns when the Tier 1 fails, as an alternative to, for example, a field study. Calibrated intermediate-tier approaches could help to address risks for soil invertebrates with less time and resources but also with sufficient certainty. A multistakeholder workshop was held on 2-4 March 2022 to discuss potential intermediate-tier options, focusing on four possible areas: (1) natural soil testing, (2) single-species tests (other than standard species), (3) assessing recovery in laboratory tests, and (4) the use of assembled soil multispecies test systems. The participants acknowledged a large potential in the intermediate-tier options but concluded that some issues need to be clarified before routine application of these approaches in the ERA is possible, that is, sensitivity, reproducibility, reliability, and standardization of potential new test systems. The definition of suitable assessment factors needed to calibrate the approaches to the protection goals was acknowledged. The aims of the workshop were to foster scientific exchange and a data-driven dialog, to discuss how the different approaches could be used in the risk assessment, and to identify research priorities for future work to address uncertainties and strengthen the tiered approach in the ERA for soil invertebrates. This article outlines the background, proposed methods, technical challenges, difficulties and opportunities in the ERA, and conclusions of the workshop. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2024;20:780-793. © 2023 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregor Ernst
- Bayer AG, CropScience Division, Monheim, Germany
| | - Mónica J B Amorim
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Melanie Bottoms
- Syngenta Ltd., Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, UK
| | - Amy C Brooks
- Cambridge Environmental Assessments, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mark E Hodson
- Department of Environment and Geography, University of York, York, UK
| | | | - Pia Kotschik
- German Environment Agency (UBA), Dessau-Roßlau, Germany
| | | | - Tiago Natal-da-Luz
- Associate Laboratory TERRA, Department of Life Sciences, CFE-Centre for Functional Ecology - Science for the People and the Planet, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Céline Pelosi
- INRAE, Avignon Université, UMR EMMAH, Avignon, France
| | - Silvia Pieper
- German Environment Agency (UBA), Dessau-Roßlau, Germany
| | | | | | | | - José P Sousa
- Associate Laboratory TERRA, Department of Life Sciences, CFE-Centre for Functional Ecology - Science for the People and the Planet, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Cornelis A M van Gestel
- Faculty of Science, Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bart van Hall
- Faculty of Science, Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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3
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Bandeira FO, Tina JK, Alves PRL, Vaz VP, Puerari RC, Juneau P, Dewez D, Matias WG. Locomotion behavior testing as a complementary tool in Collembola avoidance assays with neurotoxic insecticides. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:124374-124381. [PMID: 37945963 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30750-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed (1) to assess the ability of collembolans Folsomia candida to avoid soils contaminated with three seed dressing insecticides imidacloprid, clothianidin, and fipronil; (2) to assess the effects of the insecticides on collembolans' locomotion behavior; (3) to check if changes in the locomotion behavior would explain the avoidance/preference responses; and (4) to evaluate the possibility to use locomotion behavior as toxicity biomarker of the tested insecticides. Avoidance and locomotion behavior assays with collembolans F. candida were performed with commercial seed dressing formulations of three insecticides (imidacloprid, clothianidin, and fipronil). Results showed no avoidance behavior at any concentration, while a "preference" was observed with increasing concentrations of the three tested insecticides. Significant reductions in the locomotion of exposed collembolans were observed at ≥ 1 mg kg-1 for imidacloprid (18-38%) and fipronil (29-58%) and ≥ 4 mg kg-1 for clothianidin (10-47%). At the higher insecticide concentrations, the collembolans had their trajectories restricted to smaller areas, with a tendency for circular movements. Our results confirm that the "preference" for contaminated soils with neurotoxic substances is likely due to locomotion inhibition impairing the ability of organisms to escape. This effect highlights that only avoidance assays may be not sufficient to assure the safety of some substances and confirm the potential of locomotion behavior as a sensitive toxicity biomarker for neurotoxic insecticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Ogliari Bandeira
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-970, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Karolayne Tina
- Laboratory of Soil Ecotoxicology, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Av. Fernando Machado 108 E, Chapecó, SC, 89802112, Brazil
| | - Paulo Roger Lopes Alves
- Laboratory of Soil Ecotoxicology, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Av. Fernando Machado 108 E, Chapecó, SC, 89802112, Brazil.
| | - Vitor Pereira Vaz
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-970, Brazil
- Ecotoxicology of Aquatic Microorganisms Laboratory-GRIL-EcotoQ-TOXEN, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Quebec at Montreal, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Rodrigo Costa Puerari
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-970, Brazil
| | - Philippe Juneau
- Ecotoxicology of Aquatic Microorganisms Laboratory-GRIL-EcotoQ-TOXEN, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Quebec at Montreal, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - David Dewez
- Laboratory of Environmental & Analytical Biochemistry of Contaminants, Department of Chemistry, University of Quebec at Montreal, CP 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - William Gerson Matias
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-970, Brazil
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Bakker R, Xie L, Vooijs R, Roelofs D, Hoedjes KM, van Gestel CAM. Validation of biomarkers for neonicotinoid exposure in Folsomia candida under mutual exposure to diethyl maleate. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:95338-95347. [PMID: 37542693 PMCID: PMC10482762 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28940-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
Neonicotinoid insecticides are harmful to non-target soil invertebrates, which are crucial for sustainable agriculture. Gene expression biomarkers could provide economic and high-throughput metrics of neonicotinoid exposure and toxicity to non-target invertebrates. Thereby, biomarkers can help guide remediation efforts or policy enforcement. Gene expression of Glutathione S-Transferase 3 (GST3) has previously been proposed as a biomarker for the neonicotinoid imidacloprid in the soil ecotoxicological model species Folsomia candida (Collembola). However, it remains unclear how reliably gene expression of neonicotinoid biomarkers, such as GST3, can indicate the exposure to the broader neonicotinoid family under putative GST enzymatic inhibition. In this work, we exposed springtails to two neonicotinoids, thiacloprid and imidacloprid, alongside diethyl maleate (DEM), a known GST metabolic inhibitor that imposes oxidative stress. First, we determined the influence of DEM on neonicotinoid toxicity to springtail fecundity. Second, we surveyed the gene expression of four biomarkers, including GST3, under mutual exposure to neonicotinoids and DEM. We observed no effect of DEM on springtail fecundity. Moreover, the expression of GST3 was only influenced by DEM under mutual exposure with thiacloprid but not with imidacloprid. The results indicate that GST3 is not a robust indicator of neonicotinoid exposure and that probable GST enzymatic inhibition mediates the toxicity of imidacloprid and thiacloprid differentially. Future research should investigate biomarker reliability under shifting metabolic conditions such as provided by DEM exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Bakker
- Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Liyan Xie
- Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Riet Vooijs
- Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dick Roelofs
- Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Keygene N.V., Agro Business Park 90, Wageningen, 6708 PW, The Netherlands
| | - Katja M Hoedjes
- Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis A M van Gestel
- Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Ward MCE, Barrios MC, Fallon AM. Paraquat is toxic to the soil-dwelling arthropod, Folsomia candida (Collembola: Isotomidae), and has potential effects on its Wolbachia endosymbiont. J Invertebr Pathol 2023; 198:107936. [PMID: 37196858 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2023.107936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The springtail, Folsomia candida, is a soil arthropod commonly used to evaluate environmental toxins. Conflicting data on the toxicity of the herbicide paraquat prompted re-evaluation of its effects on F. candida survival and reproduction. Paraquat has an LC50 of about 80 μM when tested in the absence of charcoal; charcoal, often used in test arenas to facilitate visualization of the white Collembola, has a protective effect. Survivors of paraquat treatment fail to resume molting and oviposition, suggesting an irreversible effect on the Wolbachia symbiont that restores diploidy during parthenogenetic reproduction of this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikkel C E Ward
- Department of Entomology, University of Minnesota, 1980, Folwell Ave. St. Paul, Mn 55108
| | - Maria C Barrios
- Department of Entomology, University of Minnesota, 1980, Folwell Ave. St. Paul, Mn 55108
| | - Ann M Fallon
- Department of Entomology, University of Minnesota, 1980, Folwell Ave. St. Paul, Mn 55108.
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6
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Lopes Alves PR, de Araújo RS, Ogliari Bandeira F, Matias WG. Individual and combined toxicity of imidacloprid and two seed dressing insecticides on collembolans Folsomia candida. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2023; 86:166-179. [PMID: 36756738 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2023.2174464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the chronic toxicity of imidacloprid (IMI), clothianidin (CLO) and fipronil (FIP) as a single exposure, as well as binary mixtures of IMI with CLO or FIP toward collembolans Folsomia candida, which are fauna present in the soil. Chronic toxicity assays were performed following an ISO guideline in a Tropical Artificial Soil (TAS), and the influence on the number and growth of the juveniles produced were determined. The range of nominal concentrations used in the tests with the individual compounds was 0.08-1.28 mg/kg (IMI), 0.079-1.264 mg/kg (FIP) and 0.007-0.112 mg/kg (CLO), whereas the mixture assays were performed with half the value used in the tests with individual compounds. Based upon single exposures, IMI produced a similar impact of reducing reproduction by 50% (EC50 ranging from 0.74 to 0.85 mg/kg) compared to FIP (EC50 = 0.78 mg/kg), whereas CLO was the most toxic to F. candida (EC50 = 0.08 mg/kg). Their mixtures generally resulted in a diminished effect on reproduction, as evidenced by the higher EC50 values. In contrast, in the case of the IMI+FIP combination at high concentrations at the EC50 level, a synergistic effect on toxicity was observed. The single exposure to the three insecticides and the mixture of IMI-FIP also decreased the size of generated juveniles, which was evidenced by the reduction in the proportion of large juveniles and increased proportion of small juveniles. However, both binary mixtures (IMI-FIP and IMI-CLO) presented antagonistic effects as evidenced by less than expected reductions in growth. Data on the toxic effects of IMI in a mixture with other seed dressing insecticides to collembolans provides useful information to environmental risk assessors by diminishing the uncertainties on the ecological risk of exposure to pesticides, enabling soil management degradation by utilizing multiple insecticides.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Felipe Ogliari Bandeira
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - William Gerson Matias
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
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7
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Bandeira FO, Lodi MR, Graciani TS, Oroski S, Mattias JL, Cardoso EJBN, Alves PRL. The use of sewage sludge as remediation for imidacloprid toxicity in soils. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:20159-20167. [PMID: 36251199 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23584-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the influence of the sewage sludge (SS) soil amendment on the chronic toxicity of imidacloprid (through the seed dressing formulation MUCH 600 FS®-600 g active ingredient L-1) to collembolans Folsomia candida. Individuals 10-12 days old were exposed to two contrasting tropical soils (Oxisol and Entisol) amended with SS doses (0, 20, 40, 80, 160, and 320 g SS kg-1 soil; the SS doses have low intrinsic toxicity, which was checked before its application) in a full factorial combination with five imidacloprid concentrations (varying from 0.25 to 4 mg kg-1 in Oxisol and 0.03-0.5 mg kg-1 in Entisol) plus a control. None of the SS doses (without imidacloprid) in both soils reduced the number of generated juvenile collembolans. The imidacloprid concentrations reducing the collembolan reproduction in 50% (EC50) in Oxisol and Entisol without SS were 0.49 and 0.08 mg kg-1, respectively. However, the EC50 values generally increased with increasing SS doses in soils, varying from 1.03 to 1.41 in Oxisol and 0.07 to 0.21 in Entisol. The SS-amended soils showed 2.1- to 2.9-fold lower imidacloprid toxicity (EC50-based) in Oxisol and 1.8- to 2.7-fold lower toxicity in Entisol. Our results suggest the most effective SS doses alleviating the imidacloprid toxicity (EC50-based) to collembolans are 20 g kg-1 in Oxisol and 80 g kg-1 in Entisol. These results indicate that the tested SS has the potential to be employed as a soil amendment agent by reducing the toxicity of imidacloprid to the reproduction of F. candida.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Ogliari Bandeira
- Department of Soil Science, Santa Catarina State University, 88520-000 Lages, Av. Luis de Camões, SC, 2090, Brazil
| | - Mikael Renan Lodi
- Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul, Av. Fernando Machado 108 E, Chapecó, SC, 89802112, Brazil
| | | | - Sabrina Oroski
- Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul, Av. Fernando Machado 108 E, Chapecó, SC, 89802112, Brazil
| | - Jorge Luis Mattias
- Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul, Av. Fernando Machado 108 E, Chapecó, SC, 89802112, Brazil
| | | | - Paulo Roger Lopes Alves
- Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul, Av. Fernando Machado 108 E, Chapecó, SC, 89802112, Brazil.
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Bakker R, Ekelmans A, Xie L, Vooijs R, Roelofs D, Ellers J, Hoedjes KM, van Gestel CAM. Biomarker development for neonicotinoid exposure in soil under interaction with the synergist piperonyl butoxide in Folsomia candida. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:80897-80909. [PMID: 35729387 PMCID: PMC9596504 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21362-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Pesticide toxicity is typically assessed by exposing model organisms to individual compounds and measuring effects on survival and reproduction. These tests are time-consuming, labor-intensive, and do not accurately capture the effect of pesticide mixtures. Moreover, it is unfeasible to screen the nearly infinite combinations of mixtures for synergistic effects on model organisms. Therefore, reliable molecular indicators of pesticide exposure have to be identified, i.e., biomarkers. These biomarkers can form the basis of rapid and economical screening procedures to assess the toxicity of pesticides even under synergistic interaction with other pollutants. In this study, we screened the expression patterns of eight genes for suitability as a biomarker for neonicotinoid exposure in the soil ecotoxicological model Folsomia candida (springtails). Springtails were exposed to the neonicotinoids imidacloprid and thiacloprid either alone or with various levels of piperonyl butoxide (PBO), which inhibits cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYPs): a common point of synergistic interaction between neonicotinoid and other pesticides. First, we confirmed PBO as a potency enhancer for neonicotinoid toxicity to springtail fecundity, and then used it as a tool to confirm biomarker robustness. We identified two genes that are reliably indicative for neonicotinoid exposure even under metabolic inhibition of CYPs by PBO, nicotinic acetylcholine receptor-subunit alpha 1 (nAchR) and sodium-coupled monocarboxylate transporter (SMCT). These results can form the basis for developing high-throughput screening procedures for neonicotinoid exposure in varying mixture compositions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Bakker
- Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081, HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Astrid Ekelmans
- Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081, HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Liyan Xie
- Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081, HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Riet Vooijs
- Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081, HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dick Roelofs
- Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081, HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Keygene N.V., Agro Business Park 90, Wageningen, 6708, PW, The Netherlands
| | - Jacintha Ellers
- Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081, HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Katja M Hoedjes
- Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081, HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis A M van Gestel
- Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081, HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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9
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Konestabo HS, Birkemoe T, Leinaas HP, van Gestel CAM, Sengupta S, Borgå K. Pesticide effects on the abundance of springtails and mites in field mesocosms at an agricultural site. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 31:1450-1461. [PMID: 36319919 PMCID: PMC9652236 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-022-02599-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The use of pesticides to protect crops often affects non-target organisms vital to ecosystem functioning. A functional soil mesofauna is important for decomposition and nutrient cycling processes in agricultural soils, which generally have low biodiversity. To assess pesticide effects on natural soil communities we enclosed intact soil cores in situ in an agricultural field in 5 cm wide mesocosms. We used two types of mesh lids on the mesocosms, allowing or preventing migration of mesofauna. The mesocosms were exposed to the insecticide imidacloprid (0, 0.1, 1, and 10 mg/kg dry soil) and left in the field for 20 days. Overall, regardless of lid type, mesocosm enclosure did not affect springtail or mite abundances during the experiment when compared with undisturbed soil. Imidacloprid exposure reduced the abundance of both surface- and soil-living springtails in a concentration-dependent manner, by 65-90% at the two highest concentrations, and 21-23% at 0.1 mg/kg, a concentration found in some agricultural soils after pesticide application. Surface-living springtails were more affected by imidacloprid exposure than soil-living ones. In contrast, neither predatory nor saprotrophic mites showed imidacloprid-dependent changes in abundance, concurring with previous findings indicating that mites are generally less sensitive to neonicotinoids than other soil organisms. The possibility to migrate did not affect the springtail or mite abundance responses to imidacloprid. We show that under realistic exposure concentrations in the field, soil arthropod community composition and abundance can be substantially altered in an organism-dependent manner, thus affecting the soil community diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Sjursen Konestabo
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
- The Science Library, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Tone Birkemoe
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Cornelis A M van Gestel
- Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Katrine Borgå
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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10
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Joimel S, Chassain J, Artru M, Faburé J. Collembola are Among the Most Pesticide-Sensitive Soil Fauna Groups: A Meta-Analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2022; 41:2333-2341. [PMID: 35815474 PMCID: PMC9805160 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides are a major concern because of their deleterious impacts on biodiversity and on the ecological functions provided by living organisms. Although earthworms are well studied, smaller-sized organisms, such as Collembola, also contribute to the agroecosystem functioning, and their sensitivity to pesticides makes them good bioindicators of soil quality. Using data from 21 publications, we performed a meta-analysis to compare the pesticide sensitivity of Collembola with other soil invertebrate groups and discuss the relevance of including tests on representatives of this microarthropods group in European regulation tests. We defined a paired observation as the median lethal concentration or the median effect concentration values for both Collembola species and another soil fauna group (Acari, enchytraeids, earthworms, isopods, and nematodes) under a unique combination of author, year, substance, and type of soil (61 and 57 paired observations for reproduction and lethal effects). In some studies, paired comparisons were available for several groups of soil fauna. We demonstrated that Collembola are among the most sensitive soil fauna groups to a variety of pesticides, notably for effects on reproduction, mostly compared with earthworms and enchytraeids. Because there are several modes of exposure and explaining factors, we suggest moving from a single-species study to a food-chain approach integrating different taxonomic groups. Differences between soil fauna groups in sensitivity or response to pesticides could have effects on soil communities and also on soil functions. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:2333-2341. © 2022 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Joimel
- UMR ECOSYS, INRAE, AgroParisTechUniversité Paris‐SaclayThiverval‐GrignonFrance
| | - Juliette Chassain
- UMR ECOSYS, INRAE, AgroParisTechUniversité Paris‐SaclayThiverval‐GrignonFrance
| | - Maxime Artru
- UMR ECOSYS, INRAE, AgroParisTechUniversité Paris‐SaclayThiverval‐GrignonFrance
| | - Juliette Faburé
- UMR ECOSYS, INRAE, AgroParisTechUniversité Paris‐SaclayThiverval‐GrignonFrance
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11
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Ferreira P, Gabriel A, Sousa JP, Natal-da-Luz T. Representativeness of Folsomia candida to assess toxicity of a new generation insecticide in different temperature scenarios. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 837:155712. [PMID: 35525360 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Climate change may interfere with the behavior of pesticides and organisms, influencing pesticides toxicity to non-target organisms like collembolans. Aiming to assess the representativeness of the standardized species F. candida to the Collembola group under different temperatures, four species of collembolans - Folsomia candida, Folsomia fimetaria, Proisotoma minuta and Sinella curviseta - were exposed to a new generation insecticide of Chlorantraniliprole, under the standardized temperature of 20 °C, and a temperature foreseeing a global warming scenario of 25 °C. Results showed that F. candida, F. fimetaria and P. minuta were sensitive to Chlorantraniliprole at both temperatures, while S. curviseta was insensitive to the insecticide concentrations up to 457 mg a.i./kg of soil, regardless of the temperature. The sensitivity of F. candida and P. minuta was significantly higher at 25 °C than at 20 °C, while F. fimetaria and S. curviseta remained equally sensitive/insensitive to both temperatures. Results suggest that F. candida can be representative of F. fimetaria under standard conditions but not for F. fimetaria under 25 °C nor for P. minuta and S. curviseta under both temperatures due to the higher sensitivity of F. candida. On the other hand, due to its higher sensitivity, F. candida can be used to define environmentally protective measures (at both test temperatures) but the use of additional Collembola species is recommended to avoid the definition of over-protective goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Ferreira
- CFE - Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Antonieta Gabriel
- CESAM & Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal. The Center of Environmental and Marine Studies of University of Aveiro, Portugal
| | - José Paulo Sousa
- CFE - Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Tiago Natal-da-Luz
- CFE - Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
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Panico SC, van Gestel CAM, Verweij RA, Rault M, Bertrand C, Menacho Barriga CA, Coeurdassier M, Fritsch C, Gimbert F, Pelosi C. Field mixtures of currently used pesticides in agricultural soil pose a risk to soil invertebrates. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 305:119290. [PMID: 35436506 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Massive use of pesticides in conventional agriculture leads to accumulation in soil of complex mixtures, triggering questions about their potential ecotoxicological risk. This study assessed cropland soils containing pesticide mixtures sampled from conventional and organic farming systems at La Cage and Mons, France. The conventional agricultural field soils contained more pesticide residues (11 and 17 versus 3 and 11, respectively) and at higher concentrations than soils from organic fields (mean 6.6 and 10.5 versus 0.2 and 0.6 μg kg-1, respectively), including systemic insecticides belonging to neonicotinoids, carbamate herbicides and broad-spectrum fungicides mostly from the azole family. A risk quotient (RQi) approach evaluated the toxicity of the pesticide mixtures in soil, assuming concentration addition. Based on measured concentrations, both conventional agricultural soils posed high risks to soil invertebrates, especially due to the presence of epoxiconazole and imidacloprid, whereas soils under organic farming showed negligible to medium risk. To confirm the outcome of the risk assessment, toxicity of the soils was determined in bioassays following standardized test guidelines with seven representative non-target invertebrates: earthworms (Eisenia andrei, Lumbricus rubellus, Aporrectodea caliginosa), enchytraeids (Enchytraeus crypticus), Collembola (Folsomia candida), oribatid mites (Oppia nitens), and snails (Cantareus aspersus). Collembola and enchytraeid survival and reproduction and land snail growth were significantly lower in soils from conventional compared to organic agriculture. The earthworms displayed different responses: L. rubellus showed higher mortality on soils from conventional agriculture and large body mass loss in all field soils, E. andrei showed considerable mass loss and strongly reduced reproduction, and A. caliginosa showed significantly reduced acetylcholinesterase activity in soils from conventional agriculture. The oribatid mites did not show consistent differences between organic and conventional farming soils. These results highlight that conventional agricultural practices pose a high risk for soil invertebrates and may threaten soil functionality, likely due to additive or synergistic "cocktail effects".
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Affiliation(s)
- Speranza C Panico
- Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081, HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Cornelis A M van Gestel
- Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081, HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Rudo A Verweij
- Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081, HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Magali Rault
- Univ Avignon, Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, Pôle Agrosciences, 301 rue Baruch de Spinoza, BP 21239, 84916, Avignon, France
| | - Colette Bertrand
- UMR 1402 ECOSYS, INRAe, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78026, Versailles, France
| | - Carlos A Menacho Barriga
- UMR 6249 Chrono-environnement CNRS - Université de Franche-Comté Usc INRAe, 16 route de Gray, 25030, Besançon, cedex, France
| | - Michaël Coeurdassier
- UMR 6249 Chrono-environnement CNRS - Université de Franche-Comté Usc INRAe, 16 route de Gray, 25030, Besançon, cedex, France
| | - Clémentine Fritsch
- UMR 6249 Chrono-environnement CNRS - Université de Franche-Comté Usc INRAe, 16 route de Gray, 25030, Besançon, cedex, France
| | - Frédéric Gimbert
- UMR 6249 Chrono-environnement CNRS - Université de Franche-Comté Usc INRAe, 16 route de Gray, 25030, Besançon, cedex, France
| | - Céline Pelosi
- UMR 1114 EMMAH, INRAe, Avignon Université, 84914, Avignon, France
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Kristiansen SM, Borgå K, Rundberget JT, Leinaas HP. Effects on Life-History Traits of Hypogastrura viatica (Collembola) Exposed to Imidacloprid Through Soil or Diet. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2021; 40:3111-3122. [PMID: 34352120 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Collembola (springtails) are important members of soil communities worldwide by contributing to degradation of organic matter. In nature, Collembola might be exposed to the neonicotinoid insecticide imidacloprid, which is fairly persistent in soil. We exposed the widespread Hypogastrura viatica to imidacloprid through soil or food and monitored the animals during exposure and a post exposure period. We recorded effects on life-history traits affecting individual fitness, that is, mortality, behavioral activity, several reproduction traits, and molting frequency. Exposure through soil led to a concentration-dependent mortality, while the mortality from dietary exposure possibly reflected reduced feeding activity. The body burden of imidacloprid in the Collembola did not differ between treatments. We found no sign of recovery in behavioral activity following exposure in either experiment. The egg production of H. viatica was not significantly affected by imidacloprid at 0.01 mg/kg dry soil but showed a tendency to reduce number of eggs per batch and reduced hatching success. At higher concentrations, reproduction was close to, or completely, stopped. The molting frequency decreased during exposure, while in the post exposure period, we saw milder effects at the highest concentrations, suggesting elimination through molting or reduced toxic response as a result of reduced feeding activity. Overall, H. viatica was more sensitive to imidacloprid than previously studied Collembola, which highlights the importance of considering species sensitivities when risk-assessing soil environments. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:3111-3122. © 2021 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Katrine Borgå
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Bandeira FO, Alves PRL, Hennig TB, Brancalione J, Nogueira DJ, Matias WG. Chronic effects of clothianidin to non-target soil invertebrates: Ecological risk assessment using the species sensitivity distribution (SSD) approach. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 419:126491. [PMID: 34323739 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the chronic toxicity and risk of clothianidin in a seed dressing formulation to non-target soil invertebrates. The toxicity assays were performed with two oligochaetes (earthworms Eisenia andrei and enchytraeids Enchytraeus crypticus) and three collembolans (Folsomia candida, Proisotoma minuta and Sinella curviseta) species following ISO protocols. Risk assessment (via Hazard Quotient approach - HQ) was based on the hazardous concentrations for 95% of the species (HC5), derived from chronic Species Sensitivity Distributions (SSD) for clothianidin, and on its predicted environmental concentrations (PEC). Four SSD scenarios were generated with literature and/or this study data, following different data selection criteria (i.e., general, only data from tests using similar formulations, similar soils, or identical soil/formulation). In our experiments, a higher clothianidin toxicity (EC50-based) was found for collembolans (varying from 0.11 to 0.28 mg kg-1 between species) followed by the earthworms (4.35 mg kg-1), while the enchytraeids were the least sensitive (33.5 mg kg-1). HQ indicated a significant risk of clothianidin to soil invertebrates because the estimated PEC were at least 16.6 times higher than HC5 and are expected to affect the whole group of collembolans. Despite the criteria for data inclusion have influenced the HC5 values, no substantial changes were observed for the risk outcomes. To our knowledge, this is the first study assessing the chronic ecological risk of clothianidin to beneficial soil fauna based on a probabilistic SSD approach. Data from this study can help to derive more reliable protection thresholds for clothianidin in soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Ogliari Bandeira
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC 88040-970, Brazil
| | - Paulo Roger Lopes Alves
- Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Av. Fernando Machado 108 E, 89802112 Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Thuanne Braúlio Hennig
- Department of Soil Science, Santa Catarina State University, Av. Luis de Camões, 2090, 88520-000 Lages, SC, Brazil
| | - Juliane Brancalione
- Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Av. Fernando Machado 108 E, 89802112 Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Diego José Nogueira
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC 88040-970, Brazil
| | - William Gerson Matias
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC 88040-970, Brazil.
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Bernardino MM, Alves PRL, de Santo FB, Niemeyer JC, Leal RMP. Ecotoxicity of imidacloprid to soil invertebrates in two tropical soils with contrasting texture. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:27655-27665. [PMID: 33512682 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12562-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Imidacloprid is one of the most commercialized insecticides in agriculture in the world, with a broad spectrum of action. However, little is known about the effects of commercial formulations containing this active ingredient (a.i.) on non-target organisms in tropical soils. Our objective was to assess the toxicity based on the predicted environmental concentration (PEC) of imidacloprid, in the avoidance behaviour of earthworms and collembolans as well as in the reproduction of collembolans, in two representative soils of the Brazilian Cerrado with contrasting texture (clayey Oxisol and sandy Entisol). Ecotoxicity tests were carried out according to ISO protocols to assess the avoidance behaviour of earthworms (Eisenia andrei) and avoidance and reproduction of collembolans (Folsomia candida). In the earthworm's avoidance test, more than 80% of the individuals were found in the control, in all tested concentrations, indicating a possible habitat function loss in both soils. The avoidance behaviour of collembolans was observed in both soils, being more expressive (up to 75% of escape) in Oxisol. In Entisol, only the two highest concentrations were avoided (up to 63%). There was a negative effect on the reproduction of collembolans in both soils, with a higher EC50 value (0.255 mg kg-1) in Oxisol than in Entisol (0.177 mg kg-1), demonstrating higher toxicity in the sandy soil. These differences were attributed to the contrasting texture of the studied soils, probably due to lower retention of the a.i. in the sandy soil, causing an increased bioavailability. This study demonstrated that imidacloprid can be highly toxic to soil invertebrates, even in soil concentrations lower than those expected from recommended dose, causing an impact on the edaphic organisms and, consequently, compromising its functions in the soil ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murilo Martins Bernardino
- Postgraduate Program in Agrochemistry, Goiano Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology, P.O Box 66, Campus Rio Verde, Rio Verde, Goiás, 75901-970, Brazil
| | - Paulo Roger Lopes Alves
- Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Av. Fernando Machado 108 E, Chapeco, SC, 89802112, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Benedet de Santo
- Postgraduate Program in Agricultural and Natural Ecosystems (PPGEAN), Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Campus of Curitibanos, Curitibanos, Santa Catarina, 89520-000, Brazil
| | - Júlia Carina Niemeyer
- Postgraduate Program in Agricultural and Natural Ecosystems (PPGEAN), Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Campus of Curitibanos, Curitibanos, Santa Catarina, 89520-000, Brazil.
| | - Rafael Marques Pereira Leal
- Postgraduate Program in Agrochemistry, Goiano Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology, P.O Box 66, Campus Rio Verde, Rio Verde, Goiás, 75901-970, Brazil
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