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Ma W, Wang M, Wang M, Tao L, Li Y, Yang S, Zhang F, Sui S, Jia L. Assessment of the migration characteristics and source-oriented health risks of heavy metals in the soil and groundwater of a legacy contaminated by the chlor-alkali industry in central China. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2024; 46:280. [PMID: 38963449 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-024-02037-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
The chlor-alkali industry (CAI) is crucial for global chemical production; however, its operation has led to widespread heavy metal (HM) contamination at numerous sites, which has not been thoroughly investigated. This study analysed 122 soil and groundwater samples from a typical CAI site in Kaifeng, China. Our aim was to assess the ecological and health risks, identify the sources, and examine the migration characteristics of HMs at this site using Monte Carlo simulation, absolute principal component score-multiple linear regression (APCS-MLR), and the potential environmental risk index (Ei). Our findings revealed that the exceedance rates for Cd, Pb, Hg, and Ni were 71.96%, 45.79%, 49.59%, and 65.42%, respectively. Mercury (Hg) displayed the greatest coefficient of variation across all the soil layers, indicating a significant anthropogenic influence. Cd and Hg were identified as having high and extremely high potential environmental risk levels, respectively. The spatial distributions of the improved Nemerow index (INI), total ecological risk (Ri), and HM content varied considerably, with the most contaminated areas typically associated with the storage of raw and auxiliary materials. Surface aggregation and significant vertical transport were noted for HMs; As and Ni showed substantial accumulation in subsoil layers, severely contaminating the groundwater. Self-organizing maps categorized the samples into two different groups, showing strong positive correlations between Cd, Pb, and Hg. The APCS-MLR model suggested that industrial emissions were the main contributors, accounting for 60.3% of the total HM input. Elevated hazard quotient values for Hg posed significant noncarcinogenic risks, whereas acceptable levels of carcinogenic risk were observed for both adults (96.60%) and children (97.83%). This study significantly enhances historical CAI pollution data and offers valuable insights into ongoing environmental and health challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanqi Ma
- College of Resource and Environment, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, 454003, China
| | - Mingya Wang
- College of Resource and Environment, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, 454003, China
| | - Mingshi Wang
- College of Resource and Environment, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, 454003, China.
| | - Lu Tao
- Jiaozuo Environmental Monitoring Station, Jiaozuo, 454003, China
| | - Yuanhang Li
- Henan Non-Ferrous Geotechnical Engineering Company, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Shili Yang
- College of Resource and Environment, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, 454003, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- College of Resource and Environment, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, 454003, China
| | - Shaobo Sui
- College of Resource and Environment, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, 454003, China
| | - Luhao Jia
- College of Resource and Environment, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, 454003, China
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Zhang Y, Zhang Q, Chen W, Shi W, Cui Y, Chen L, Shao J. Source apportionment and migration characteristics of heavy metal(loid)s in soil and groundwater of contaminated site. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 338:122584. [PMID: 37739256 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
The rapid industrial growth has generated heavy metal(loid)s contamination in the soil, which poses a serious threat to the ecology and human health. In this study, 580 samples were collected in Henan Province, China, for source apportionment, migration characterization and health risk evaluation using self-organizing map, positive matrix factorization and multivariate risk assessment methods. The results showed that samples were classified into four groups and pollution sources included chromium slag dump, soil parent rock and abandoned factory. The contents of Cr, Pb, As and Hg were low in Group 1. Group 2 was characterized by total Cr, Cr(Ⅵ) and pH. The enrichment of total Cr and Cr(Ⅵ) in soil was mainly attributed to chromium slag dump, accounting for more than 84.0%. Group 3 was dominated by Hg and Pb. Hg and Pb were primarily attributed to abandoned factory, accounting for 84.7% and 70.0%, respectively. Group 4 was characterized by As. The occurrence of As was not limited to one individual region. The contribution of soil parent rock reached 83.0%. Furthermore, the vertical migration of As, Hg, Pb and Cr(Ⅵ) in soil was mainly influenced by medium permeability, pH and organic matter content. The trends of As, Pb, and Hg with depth were basically consistent with the trends of organic matter with depth, and were negatively correlated with the change in pH with depth. The trends of Cr(Ⅵ) with depth were basically consistent with the changes in pH with the depth. The content of Cr(Ⅵ) in the deep soil did not exceed the detection limits and Cr(Ⅵ) contamination occurred in the deep aquifer, suggesting that Cr(Ⅵ) in the deep groundwater originated from the leakage of shallow groundwater. The assessment indicated that the non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks for children and adults could not be neglected. Moreover, children were more susceptible than adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaobin Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China; School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China; MNR Key Laboratory of Shallow Geothermal Energy, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Qiulan Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China; School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China; MNR Key Laboratory of Shallow Geothermal Energy, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Wenfang Chen
- The First Institute of Geo-environment Survey of Henan, Zhengzhou, 450045, China
| | - Weiwei Shi
- The First Institute of Geo-environment Survey of Henan, Zhengzhou, 450045, China
| | - Yali Cui
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China; School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China; MNR Key Laboratory of Shallow Geothermal Energy, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Leilei Chen
- The First Institute of Geo-environment Survey of Henan, Zhengzhou, 450045, China
| | - Jingli Shao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China; School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China; MNR Key Laboratory of Shallow Geothermal Energy, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China
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Silva FSR, da Silva YJAB, Maia AJ, Biondi CM, Araújo PRM, Barbosa RS, Silva CMCAC, Luiz TCS, Araújo AFV. Prediction of heavy metals in polluted mangrove soils in Brazil with the highest reported levels of mercury using near-infrared spectroscopy. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2023; 45:8337-8352. [PMID: 37605089 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-023-01717-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Infrared reflectance spectroscopy has demonstrated potential as a tool for monitoring and preventing contamination in different environments. The objective of this study was to evaluate the usage of near-infrared spectroscopy for predicting heavy-metal contamination in mangrove soils from the Botafogo River estuary located in Pernambuco State, Northeastern Brazil. These soils exhibit the highest mercury (Hg) levels ever reported for Brazilian mangrove soils. Sixty-one samples (obtained at depths ranging from 0 to 5 cm) were collected and measured using near-infrared (1000-2500 nm) reflectance spectroscopy. Preprocessing methods were applied, and partial least squares regression was used to build prediction models for attributes such as clay content, soil organic matter (SOM), pH, Eh, and concentrations of Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn. The models were evaluated using root mean squared error (RMSE), the adjusted coefficient of determination (R2adj), bias, the ratio of performance to interquartile distance (RPIQ), and Lin's concordance correlation coefficient (CCC). The best outcomes were noted for concentrations of Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, and Pb (RPIQ > 2.5 and R2adj > 0.80); second-best outcomes were found for Zn and SOM (RPIQ > 1.5 and R2adj > 0.70). Clay content, pH and Eh exhibited the poorest outcomes (RPIQ < 1.5). The importance of spectral preprocessing is highlighted, notably with Savitzky-Golay derivatives and Multiplicative Scatter Corrections, which boosted performance for most of the variables. Near-infrared spectroscopy can be efficiently used to predict Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb and SOM and represents a technique complementary to traditional analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábia Shirley Ribeiro Silva
- Agronomy Department, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco (UFRPE), Dom Manuel de Medeiros Street, S/N, Dois Irmãos, Recife, PE, 52171-900, Brazil
| | | | - Angelo Jamil Maia
- Agronomy Department, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco (UFRPE), Dom Manuel de Medeiros Street, S/N, Dois Irmãos, Recife, PE, 52171-900, Brazil
| | - Caroline Miranda Biondi
- Agronomy Department, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco (UFRPE), Dom Manuel de Medeiros Street, S/N, Dois Irmãos, Recife, PE, 52171-900, Brazil
| | - Paula Renata Muniz Araújo
- Agronomy Department, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco (UFRPE), Dom Manuel de Medeiros Street, S/N, Dois Irmãos, Recife, PE, 52171-900, Brazil
| | - Ronny Sobreira Barbosa
- Agronomy Department, Federal University of Piauí (UFPI), Planalto Horizonte, Bom Jesus, PI, 64900-000, Brazil
| | | | - Tereza Cristina Sidrone Luiz
- Agronomy Department, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco (UFRPE), Dom Manuel de Medeiros Street, S/N, Dois Irmãos, Recife, PE, 52171-900, Brazil
| | - Arthur Felipe Valença Araújo
- Agronomy Department, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco (UFRPE), Dom Manuel de Medeiros Street, S/N, Dois Irmãos, Recife, PE, 52171-900, Brazil
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Xie F, Yang H, Lu D, Wu X, Yan L. A Dicyanoisoflurone-based Near-infrared Fluorescence Probe for Highly Sensitive Detection of Hg 2. J Fluoresc 2023:10.1007/s10895-023-03386-x. [PMID: 37642777 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-023-03386-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Due to its high toxicity, long durability, easy absorption by aquatic organisms, and significant bioaccumulation, Hg2+ has caused substantial environmental damage and posed serious threats to human health. Therefore, effective detection of Hg2+ is of utmost importance. In this study, a turn-on fluorescent probe based on dicyanoisoflurone was developed for the detection of Hg2+. The probe exhibited near-infrared fluorescence signal at 660 nm upon excitation by 440 nm UV light in a mixture of CH3CN and HEPES buffer (4:1, v/v, 10 mM, pH = 7.5), with selective binding to Hg2+ in a molar ratio of 1:1. This binding event was accompanied by a visible color change from light yellow to orange. By utilizing the enhanced fluorescence signal change, this probe enables highly sensitive analysis and detection of Hg2+ with excellent selectivity (association constant = 1.63 × 104 M- 1), large Stokes shift (220 nm), high sensitivity (detection limit as low as 5.6 nM), short reaction time (30 s), and a physiological pH range of 7.5-9.5. The probe was successfully employed for detecting of Hg2+ in real water and living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenlan Xie
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541006, Guangxi, P.R. China
| | - Hong Yang
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541006, Guangxi, P.R. China
| | - Dongqing Lu
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541006, Guangxi, P.R. China
| | - Xiongzhi Wu
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541006, Guangxi, P.R. China
| | - Liqiang Yan
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541006, Guangxi, P.R. China.
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Huang T, Pan L, Dong J, Zhou L, Tao H, Zhang SW, Li A. A comprehensive investigation of zeolite-rich tuff functionalized with 3-mercaptopropionic acid intercalated green rust for the efficient removal of Hg II and Cr VI in a binary system. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 324:116344. [PMID: 36166867 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the 3-mercaptopropionic acid (MA) was chosen to achieve the anionic intercalation into the green rust (GR) materials (MA-GR). The zeolite-rich tuff functionalized with the MA-intercalated GR (MA-GR-tuff) was subsequently synthesized and used to remove both HgII cations and CrVI anions in a binary system. MA-GR-tuff showed the best adsorption capacities to both HgII and CrVI among the adsorbent materials. The optimal combination of parameters was determined as the molar ratio of FeII to FeIII of 3.5, the molar ratio of OH- to the total iron of 3.75, the molar ratio of MA to the total iron of 2.5, and the mass ratio of the total iron to the tuff of 1.25. The pseudo-first-order kinetic model was appropriate in describing the kinetic sorption of CrVI by MA-GR-tuff. Both the pseudo-first-order kinetic model and Elovich were suitable for explaining HgII sorption. The maximum monolayer adsorption capacities of MA-GR-tuff towards CrVI and HgII were 185.19 mg/g and 72.99 mg/g, respectively. More flocs and plumes were formed in the MA-GR while the intercalation and more pores and crevices of different sizes were found in the MA-GR-tuff. Sulfhydryl complexation and the molecular sieve of tuff obviously both played a role in influencing the adsorption process. This study directly overcomes the drawback brought by the natural tuff to the treatment of a cationic-and-anionic binary system and supplies a new kind of tuff-based adsorbent for the potential use for the remediation of HM-contaminated wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Huang
- School of Materials Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, 215500, China; Suzhou Key Laboratory of Functional Ceramic Materials, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu, 215500, China; School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221116, China.
| | - Longwei Pan
- School of Materials Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, 215500, China.
| | - Jincheng Dong
- Suzhou Kunshan Environmental Monitoring Station, 215300, China
| | - Lulu Zhou
- School of Materials Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, 215500, China
| | - Hui Tao
- Chongqing Water Affairs Group Co., Ltd., No. 1, Longjiawan, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400000, China
| | - Shu-Wen Zhang
- School of Resource Environmental and Safety Engineering, University of South China, 421001, China
| | - Aiyin Li
- School of Materials Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, 215500, China
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Araújo PRM, Biondi CM, do Nascimento CWA, da Silva FBV, Ferreira TO, de Alcântara SF. Geospatial modeling and ecological and human health risk assessments of heavy metals in contaminated mangrove soils. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 177:113489. [PMID: 35325795 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal-contaminated wastes can threaten mangrove forests, one of the most biodiverse ecosystems in the world. The study evaluated the geospatial distribution of heavy metals concentrations in soils, the ecological and human health risks, and metal contents in soil fractions and mangrove organisms in the Botafogo estuary, Brazil, one of the most environmentally impacted estuaries in the country. The metal concentrations exceeded by up to 2.6-fold the geochemical background; 91%, 59%, 64%, 31%, and 82% of the soils were contaminated with Cr, Zn, Pb, Cu, and Ni, respectively. Adverse effects to the biota may occur due to Cr, Cu, Ni and Pb exposures. Contents of clay and organic matter were the main factors governing the distribution of metals in soil, contributing to up to 63% of the total variability. However, the geospatial modeling showed that the predictive ability of these variables varied spatially with the metal and location. The ecological and human health risks assessments indicated that the metal concentrations in soils are safe for the environment and human beings. There was a low transfer of metals from the soil to the biota, with values of sediment-biota accumulation factor (SBAF) and biological accumulation coefficients (BAC) lower than 1.0, except for Zn (SBAF = 13.1). The high Zn bioaccumulation by Crassostrea rhizophorae may be associated with the concentrations of Zn in the bioavailable fractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Renata Muniz Araújo
- Department of Agronomy, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Dom Manuel de Medeiros street, s/n - Dois Irmãos, 52171-900 Recife, PE, Brazil.
| | - Caroline Miranda Biondi
- Department of Agronomy, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Dom Manuel de Medeiros street, s/n - Dois Irmãos, 52171-900 Recife, PE, Brazil.
| | | | - Fernando Bruno Vieira da Silva
- Department of Agronomy, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Dom Manuel de Medeiros street, s/n - Dois Irmãos, 52171-900 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Tiago Osório Ferreira
- Soil Science Department, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo (ESALQ/USP), Av. Pádua Dias 11, CEP 13418-900 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
| | - Silvia Fernanda de Alcântara
- Department of Agronomy, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Dom Manuel de Medeiros street, s/n - Dois Irmãos, 52171-900 Recife, PE, Brazil
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Assessment of Distribution of Potentially Toxic Elements in Different Environmental Media Impacted by a Former Chlor-Alkali Plant. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su132413829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Former industrially contaminated sites are a burden from the past that still pose environmental risks. During the second half of the 20th century, the Pavlodar region in North Kazakhstan had been a part of Soviet Union’s industrial system that operated a chlor-alkali plant (CAP). The former CAP discharged approximately 135 t Hg into nearby Lake Balkyldak with total losses to water, soil, and air estimated around 1000 t. Pollution by potentially toxic elements (PTEs) due to former and currently active industrial enterprises is an under-investigated concern in the Pavlodar region. The present study aims to provide a much-needed update on the situation around the CAP area by evaluating the contamination by Hg and other selected PTEs (As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Zn) on the surrounding environment of the CAP and in the nearby urban zone. Soil, sediment, surface water, and groundwater samples have been collected in several sampling campaigns carried out in 2018 and 2019. Several samples had Hg concentrations exceeding maximum permissible concentrations (MPC), for soils and sediments (in mg/kg; range: 0.0006 to 24, average: 0.56) and for surface water and groundwater (in µg/L; range: 0.004 to 1340, average: 93). Critically high concentrations were mostly measured in the vicinity of Lake Balkyldak, where the majority of Hg had been discharged by the former CAP, indicating persisting Hg pollution in the studied zone. A comparison of the PTEs concentrations in soil and sediments showed less severe pollution but still some elevated values for As, Ba, Co, Cu, Mn, Ni, and Se. The inter-elemental relationship between Hg and assessed PTEs was weak, indicating the presence of sources independent from Hg emitting sources. Further research on Hg contamination on the exact territory of the former CAP is needed, and a detailed human health risk characterization to identify potential unacceptable risks is strongly recommended.
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Potential Human Exposure to Mercury (Hg) in a Chlor-Alkali Plant Impacted Zone: Risk Characterization Using Updated Site Assessment Data. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su132413816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Industrial activities have resulted in severe environmental contamination that may expose rural and urban populations to unacceptable health risks. For example, chlor-alkali plants (CAPs) have historically contributed mercury (Hg) contamination in different environmental compartments. One such site (a burden from the Soviet Union) is located in an industrial complex in Pavlodar, Kazakhstan. Earlier studies showed the CAP operating in the second half of the twentieth century caused elevated Hg levels in soil, water, air, and biota. However, follow-up studies with thorough risk characterization are missing. The present study aims to provide a detailed risk characterization based on the data from a recent site assessment around the former CAP. The ⅀HI (hazard index) ranged from 9.30 × 10−4 to 0.125 (deterministic method) and from 5.19 × 10−4 to 2.54 × 10−2 (probabilistic method). The results indicate acceptable excess human health risks from exposure to Hg contamination in the region, i.e., exposure to other Hg sources not considered. Air inhalation and soil ingestion pathways contributed to the highest ⅀HI values (up to 99.9% and 92.0%, respectively). The residential exposure scenario (among four) presented the greatest human health risks, with ⅀HI values ranging from 1.23 × 10−2 to 0.125. Although the local urban and rural population is exposed to acceptable risks coming from exposure to Hg-contaminated environmental media, an assessment of contamination directly on the former CAP site on the industrial complex could not be performed due to access prohibition. Furthermore, the risks from ingesting contaminated fish were not covered as methyl-Hg was not targeted. An additional assessment may be needed for the scenarios of exposure of workers on the industrial complex and of the local population consuming fish from contaminated Lake Balkyldak. Studies on the fate and transport of Hg in the contaminated ecosystem are also recommended considering Hg methylation and subsequent bioaccumulation in the food chain.
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Niu L, Cai H, Jia L, Luo X, Tao W, Dong Y, Yang Q. Metal pollution in the Pearl River Estuary and implications for estuary management: The influence of hydrological connectivity associated with estuarine mixing. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 225:112747. [PMID: 34488146 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the metal pollution can help governments and estuary management groups manage metal inputs. Here, we comprehensively analyzed the behaviors of seven metals Cd, Zn, Cu, As, Pb, Cr, and Hg in water and the responses of these metals to hydrological connectivity in the Pearl River Estuary. The analyses were based on the field measurements of August-2016 in the estuary and January-2016 in the upper river mouth. We also assessed the ecosystem health of these metals. Overall, this estuary had an overall moderate pollution level, with occasional severe perturbations. The mean concentration of individual metal was in the order of Zn > As > Cu > Cr > Pb > Cd > Hg. The eastern estuary was more heavily polluted by metals (notably, Zn, Cd, and Cu) than the western estuary; this condition was attributable to sewage and industrial effluent discharges from the eastern urban cities of Dongguan and Shenzhen. Longitudinally, high levels of Cd and Zn appeared in the upper estuary, while elevated levels of Cu, As, Pb, Cr, and Hg were found in the middle and lower estuaries. The riverine inputs and estuarine mixing significantly influenced the distribution and movement of trace metals in the estuary, and have contributed to phytoplankton productivity (chlorophyll-a > 10 μg/L). River inflow inhibited the vertical diffusion of metals, and tidal currents facilitated surface-to-bottom mixing. Cu and Cd posed ecological risks. We determined the source contributions and transport routes of the metals using principal component analysis combining with multiple linear regression. The results of this study suggest that the source apportionment of metals can help to manage the source input entering into the estuary. Further, identified hydrological connectivity of metals can inform water quality managers in the highly anthropogenically influenced estuary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Niu
- School of Marine Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University (Guangzhou)/Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering (Zhuhai), China; Institute of Estuarine and Coastal Research, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Coasts, Islands and Reefs, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Huayang Cai
- School of Marine Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University (Guangzhou)/Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering (Zhuhai), China; Institute of Estuarine and Coastal Research, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Coasts, Islands and Reefs, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liangwen Jia
- School of Marine Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University (Guangzhou)/Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering (Zhuhai), China; Institute of Estuarine and Coastal Research, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Coasts, Islands and Reefs, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangxin Luo
- School of Marine Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University (Guangzhou)/Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering (Zhuhai), China; Institute of Estuarine and Coastal Research, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Coasts, Islands and Reefs, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Tao
- South China Sea Environmental Monitoring Center of State Oceanic Administration, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanhong Dong
- South China Sea Environmental Monitoring Center of State Oceanic Administration, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingshu Yang
- School of Marine Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University (Guangzhou)/Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering (Zhuhai), China; Institute of Estuarine and Coastal Research, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Coasts, Islands and Reefs, Guangzhou, China
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10
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Lei S, Meng X, Wang L, Zhou J, Qin D, Duan H. A Naphthalimide-Based Fluorescent Probe for the Detection and Imaging of Mercury Ions in Living Cells. ChemistryOpen 2021; 10:1116-1122. [PMID: 34726842 PMCID: PMC8562314 DOI: 10.1002/open.202100204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The selective and efficient monitoring of mercury (Hg2+ ) contamination found in the environment and ecosystem has been carried out. Thus, a new 1,8-naphthalimide-based fluorescent probe NADP for the detection of Hg2+ based on a fluorescence enhancement strategy has been designed and synthesized. The NADP probe can detect Hg2+ with high selectivity and sensitivity and a low detection limit of 13 nm. The detection mechanism was based on a Hg2+ -triggered deprotection reaction, resulting in a dramatic change in fluorescence from colorless to green at physiological pH. Most importantly, biological investigation has shown that the NADP probe can be successfully applied to the monitoring of Hg2+ in living cells and zebrafish with low cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoyu Lei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringQilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences)Ji'nanShandong Province250353China
| | - Xia Meng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringQilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences)Ji'nanShandong Province250353China
| | - Lizhen Wang
- Biology InstituteQilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences)Jinan250103Shandong ProvinceChina
| | - Jianhua Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringQilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences)Ji'nanShandong Province250353China
| | - Dawei Qin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringQilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences)Ji'nanShandong Province250353China
| | - Hongdong Duan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringQilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences)Ji'nanShandong Province250353China
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Morosini C, Terzaghi E, Raspa G, Zanardini E, Anelli S, Armiraglio S, Petranich E, Covelli S, Di Guardo A. Mercury vertical and horizontal concentrations in agricultural soils of a historically contaminated site: Role of soil properties, chemical loading, and cultivated plant species in driving its mobility. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 285:117467. [PMID: 34090075 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The long term vertical and horizontal mobility of mercury (Hg) in soils of agricultural areas of a historically contaminated Italian National Relevance Site (SIN Brescia-Caffaro) was investigated. The contamination resulted from the continuous discharge of Hg in irrigation waters by an industrial plant (Caffaro S.p.A), equipped with a mercury-cell chlor-alkali process. The contamination levels with depth ranged from about 20 mg/kg dry weight (d.w.) of soil in the top (plow) layer to less than 0.1 mg/kg d.w. at 1 m depth. The concentrations varied also spatially, up to one order of magnitude within the same field and showing a decreasing trend from the Hg source (i.e., irrigation ditches). The concentration profiles and gradients measured were explained considering Hg loading, soil properties, such as the texture, organic carbon content, pH and cation exchange capacity. A Selective Sequential Extraction (SSE) was also applied on soil samples from an ad hoc greenhouse experiment to investigate the role of different plant species in influencing Hg speciation in soils. Although most of the extracted Hg was included in scarcely mobile or immobile forms, some plant species (i.e., alfalfa) showed to importantly increase the soluble and exchangeable fractions with respect to the unplanted control soils, thus affecting mobility and potential bioavailability of Hg.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elisa Terzaghi
- DiSAT, University of Insubria, Via Valleggio 11, Como, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Raspa
- DICMA, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Stefano Armiraglio
- Municipality of Brescia - Museum of Natural Sciences, Via Ozanam 4, Brescia, Italy
| | - Elisa Petranich
- Dept. of Mathematics & Geosciences, University of Trieste, Via E. Weiss 2, 34128, Trieste, Italy
| | - Stefano Covelli
- Dept. of Mathematics & Geosciences, University of Trieste, Via E. Weiss 2, 34128, Trieste, Italy
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Falandysz J, Shi J, Monti C. Environmental cycling and fate of mercury: 2020. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 261:127766. [PMID: 32731030 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jerzy Falandysz
- University of Gdańsk, Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, 63 Wita Stwosza Str., 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland; Environmental and Computational Chemistry Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zaragocilla Campus, University of Cartagena, 130015, Cartagena, Colombia.
| | - Jianbo Shi
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Beijing, 18 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100085, PR China.
| | - Carlo Monti
- TIG Environmental, Via G.B. Pioda 14, 6900, Lugano, Switzerland.
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