1
|
Yang J, Zhou T, Lyu Y, Go BR, Lam JCH, Chan CK, Nah T. Effects of copper on chemical kinetics and brown carbon formation in the aqueous ˙OH oxidation of phenolic compounds. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2024; 26:1526-1542. [PMID: 39041847 DOI: 10.1039/d4em00191e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Many phenolic compounds (PhCs) in biomass burning and fossil fuel combustion emissions can partition into atmospheric aqueous phases (e.g., cloud/fog water and aqueous aerosols) and undergo reactions to form secondary organic aerosols (SOAs) and brown carbon (BrC). Redox-active transition metals, particularly Fe and Cu, are ubiquitous species in atmospheric aqueous phases known to participate in Fenton/Fenton-like chemistry as a source of aqueous ˙OH. However, even though the concentrations of water-soluble Cu are close to those of water-soluble Fe in atmospheric aqueous phases in some areas, unlike Fe, the effects that Cu have on SOA and BrC formation in atmospheric aqueous phases have scarcely been studied and remain poorly understood. We investigated the effects of Cu(II) on PhC reaction rates and BrC formation during the aqueous oxidation of four PhCs (guaiacol, catechol, syringol, and vanillin) by ˙OH generated from Fenton-like chemistry under different pH conditions. While the PhCs reacted when both H2O2 and Cu(II) were present in the absence (i.e., dark oxidation) and presence (i.e., photooxidation) of light, the reaction rates were at least one order of magnitude higher during photooxidation. Higher PhC reaction rates were measured at higher pH during both dark oxidation and photooxidation as a result of higher ˙OH concentrations produced by Fenton-like chemistry. Only water-soluble BrC was formed during dark oxidation and photooxidation when Cu(II) was present. Mass absorption coefficients (103 to 104 cm2 g-1) comparable to those of biomass burning BrC were measured during dark oxidation and photooxidation when Cu(II) was present. Light absorption was enhanced at higher pH during dark oxidation and photooxidation, which indicated that higher quantities and/or more absorbing BrC chromophores were formed at higher pH. The effects that Cu(II) had on the PhC reaction rates and the composition of SOAs and BrC formed depended on the PhC base structure (i.e., benzenediol vs. methoxyphenol). Overall, these results show how aqueous reactions involving Cu(II), H2O2, and PhCs can be an efficient source of daytime and nighttime water-soluble BrC and SOAs, which can have significant implications for how the atmospheric fates of PhCs are modeled for areas with substantial concentrations of water-soluble Cu in highly to moderately acidic cloud/fog water and aqueous aerosols.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junwei Yang
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Tianye Zhou
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Yuting Lyu
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Brix Raphael Go
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Jason Chun-Ho Lam
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chak K Chan
- Division of Physical Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Theodora Nah
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang B, Wang P, Liu S, Shi H, Teng Y. A commercial humic acid inhibits benzo(a)pyrene biodegradation by Paracoccus aminovorans HPD-2. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 927:171966. [PMID: 38537831 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) is posing serious threats to soil ecosystems and its bioremediation usually limited by environmental factors and microbial activity. Humic acid (HA), a ubiquitous heterogeneous organic matter, which could affect the fate of environmental pollutants. However, the impact of HA on bioremediation of organic contamination remains controversial. In the present study, the biodegradation of BaP by Paracoccus aminovorans HPD-2 with and without HA was explored. Approximately 87.4 % of BaP was biodegraded in the HPD-2 treatment after 5 days of incubation, whereas the addition of HA dramatically reduced BaP biodegradation to 56.0 %. The limited BaP biodegradation in the HA + HPD-2 treatment was probably due to the decrease of BaP bioavailability which induced by the adsorption of HA with unspecific interactions. The excitation-emission matrix (EEM) of fluorescence characteristics showed that strain HPD-2 was responsible for the presence of protein-like substances and the microbial original humic substances in the HPD-2 treatment. Addition of HA would result in the increase of soluble microbial humic-like material, which should ascribe to the biodegradation of BaP and probably utilization of HA. Furthermore, both the growth and survival of strain HPD-2 were inhibited in the HA + HPD-2 treatment, because of the limited available carbon source (i.e. BaP) at the presence of HA. The expression of gene1789 and gene2589 dramatically decreased in the HA + HPD-2 treatment, and this should be responsible for the decrease of BaP biodegradation as well. This study reveals the mechanism that HA affect the BaP biodegradation, and the decrease of biodegradation should ascribe to the interaction of HA and bacterial strain. Thus, the bioremediation strategies of PAHs need to consider the effects of organic matter in environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Peiheng Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Shiliang Liu
- College of Resources and Environment, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Huanhuan Shi
- School of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Ying Teng
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; Technology Innovation Center for Ecological Monitoring & Restoration Project on Land (Arable), Ministry of Natural Resources, Nanjing 210018, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Fan X, Xie S, Yu X, Cheng A, Chen D, Ji W, Liu X, Song J, Peng P. Molecular-level transformations of biomass burning-derived water-soluble organic carbon during dark aqueous OH oxidation: Insights from absorption, fluorescence, high-performance size exclusion chromatography and high-resolution mass spectrometry analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:169290. [PMID: 38104832 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Biomass burning (BB) releases large amounts of water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC), which would undergo heterogenous oxidation processes that induce transformations in both molecular structures and compositions within BB WSOC. This study designed an aqueous oxidation initiated by OH radicals in the absence of light for WSOC extracted from smoke particles generated by burning of corn straw and fir wood. The BB WSOC was comprehensively characterized using a combination of UV-visible spectra, excitation-emission matrix fluorescence in conjunction with parallel factor analysis (EEM-PARAFAC), high-performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC), and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) analyses. Over the course of oxidation, both chromophores and fluorophores exhibited gradual decreases. Moreover, EEM-PARAFAC revealed a preferential degradation of larger-sized protein-like/phenol-like organic matters, accompanied by the accumulation and/or formation of humic-like substances in aged BB WSOC. HPSEC analysis showed notable changes in molecular weight (MW) distributions for both types of BB WSOC during oxidation. Specifically, high MW species (>1 kDa) displayed a tendency to form along with oxidation, possibly attributed to the formation of assemblies via intermolecular weak forces. After oxidation, evidence of CHO compound degradation and enrichment/formation of CHON compounds was observed for both types of BB WSOC. Remarkably, the resistant, degraded and produced molecules for BB WSOC were dominated by CHO (38-73 %) and lignin-like molecules (41-47 %), suggesting diverse responses to oxidation within these two groups. Furthermore, polyphenols experienced selective degradation, while CHON, aliphatic and poly-aromatic molecules tended to form during the oxidation process for both types of BB WSOC. In summary, this study provides a comprehensive understanding of the molecular-level transformations undergone by BB WSOC during dark aqueous OH oxidation. The findings significantly contribute to our insights into atmospheric evolution of BB WSOC, thereby playing a crucial role in accurately assessing their effects within climate models and informing policy decisions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xingjun Fan
- College of Resource and Environment, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, PR China.
| | - Shuwen Xie
- College of Resource and Environment, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, PR China
| | - Xufang Yu
- College of Resource and Environment, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, PR China
| | - Ao Cheng
- College of Resource and Environment, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, PR China
| | - Dan Chen
- College of Resource and Environment, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, PR China
| | - Wenchao Ji
- College of Resource and Environment, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, PR China
| | - Xiaolong Liu
- College of Resource and Environment, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, PR China
| | - Jianzhong Song
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China.
| | - Pingan Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang H, Ni J, Wei R, Chen W. Water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) from vegetation fire and its differences from WSOC in natural media: Spectral comparison and self-organizing maps (SOM) classification. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 895:165180. [PMID: 37385508 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Vegetation fire frequently occurs globally and produces two types of water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) including black carbon WSOC (BC-WSOC) and smoke-WSOC, they will eventually enter the surface environment (soil and water) and participate in the eco-environmental processes on the earth surface. Exploring the unique features of BC-WSOC and smoke-WSOC is critical and fundamental for understanding their eco-environmental effects. Presently, their differences from the natural WSOC of soil and water remain unknown. This study produced various BC-WSOC and smoke-WSOC by simulating vegetation fire and used UV-vis, fluorescent EEM-PARAFAC, and fluorescent EEM-SOM to analyze their different features from natural WSOC of soil and water. The results showed that the maximum yield of smoke-WSOC reached about 6600 folds that of BC-WSOC after a vegetation fire event. The increasing burning temperature decreased the yield, molecular weight, polarity, and protein-like matters abundance of BC-WSOC and increased the aromaticity of BC-WSOC, but presented a negligible effect on the features of smoke-WSOC. Furthermore, compared with natural WSOC, BC-WSOC had a greater aromaticity, smaller molecular weight, and more humic-like matters, while smoke-WSOC had a lower aromaticity, smaller molecular size, higher polarity, and more protein-like matters. EEM-SOM analysis indicated that the ratio between the fluorescence intensity at Ex/Em: 275 nm/320 nm and the sum fluorescence intensity at Ex/Em: 275 nm/412 nm and Ex/Em: 310 nm/420 nm could effectively differentiate WSOC of different sources, following the order of smoke-WSOC (0.64-11.38) > water-WSOC and soil-WSOC (0.06-0.76) > BC-WSOC (0.0016-0.04). Hence, BC-WSOC and smoke-WSOC possibly directly alter the quantity, properties, and organic compositions of WSOC in soil and water. Owing to smoke-WSOC having far greater yield and bigger difference from natural WSOC than BC-WSOC, the eco-environmental effect of smoke-WSOC deposition should be given more attention after a vegetation fire.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huiying Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Eco-physiology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China; School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China
| | - Jinzhi Ni
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Eco-physiology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China; School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China
| | - Ran Wei
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Eco-physiology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China; School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China
| | - Weifeng Chen
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Eco-physiology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China; School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hameed R, Li G, Son Y, Fang H, Kim T, Zhu C, Feng Y, Zhang L, Abbas A, Zhao X, Wang J, Li J, Dai Z, Du D. Structural characteristics of dissolved black carbon and its interactions with organic and inorganic contaminants: A critical review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 872:162210. [PMID: 36791863 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Biochar (BC) is a sustainable and renewable carbonaceous material, and its soluble component, dissolved black carbon (DBC), is the key to understanding BC's geological and environmental processes. Although the relationship between the changes in DBC structure and its properties, functions, and associated environmental risks has been explored, a gap remains in our understanding of DBC's fate and behavior in the natural environment. Thus, in this review, we have highlighted the molecular and chemical compositions and the structural evolution of DBC during pyrolysis, the influence of DBC's physicochemical properties on its fate and transport, DBC's interaction with soil and its contaminants, and DBC stability in soil and water environments along with potential risks. Based on our in-depth assessment of DBC and its biogeochemical roles, we believe that future studies should focus on the following: (1) using advanced techniques to understand the chemical and molecular structure of DBC deeply and concisely and, thus, determine its fundamental role in the natural environment; (2) investigating the multi-functional properties of DBC and its interaction mechanisms; and (3) evaluating the environmental behaviors of and risks associated with DBC after BC application. In future, it is necessary to gain a deeper insight into the fate and transport of DBC with contaminants and study its associated risks under BC application in the environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rashida Hameed
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Guanlin Li
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; Department of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yowhan Son
- Department of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Huajun Fang
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Taewan Kim
- Institute of Ecological Phytochemistry, Hankyong National University, Anseong 17579, Republic of Korea
| | - Chaodong Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; State Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yanfang Feng
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Lihua Zhang
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Adeel Abbas
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiaqian Wang
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Jian Li
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Zhicong Dai
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Daolin Du
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhang J, Huang N, Li H, Cheng B, Zhou X, Wang C. Interaction between biochar-dissolved organic matter and chlorophenols during biochar adsorption. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:40375-40387. [PMID: 36609760 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-25083-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Biochar (BC) has been widely applied in the remediation of chlorophenols (CPs) from contaminated sites in which the role and mechanisms of BC dissolved organic matter (BDOM), as a crucial component of BC, with CPs are largely unknown and thus need to be investigated. In this study, DOM was derived from peanut hulls (PDOM) and corn stalks (CDOM) as BC sources, and the interactions between PDOM/CDOM and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (TCP) were analysed using excitation-emission matrix spectroscopy (EEM) in combination with multiple models. EEM combined with fluorescence region integration (EEM-FRI) indicated that humic-like materials were the major materials of both PDOM and CDOM (percentage fluorescence response Ri,n > 60%), and CDOM contained more protein- and fulvic-like materials than PDOM. Based on EEM in combination with parallel factor analysis (EEM-PARAFAC), 4 components were obtained, and the percentage decrease in maximum fluorescence intensities (Fmax) showed that the main components interacting with TCP in PDOM/CDOM were protein- and fulvic-like components (> 25%). Moreover, the modified Stern-Volmer model was used to calculate the stability constants (Log KTCP) of PDOM/CDOM and TCP for the first time, and the mechanism of static quenching was dominant for interacting with TCP in PDOM (Log KTCP: 4.36-4.65) and CDOM (Log KTCP: 3.53-4.73). Furthermore, the sequential TCP binding of fluorescent components in BDOM generally followed the order of protein-like → short-wavelength fulvic-like → long-wavelength fulvic-like → humic-like components. These findings will provide a basis for screening biochar as a functional material for CP remediation applications and for understanding the environmental chemical behaviour of leached DOM during biochar application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhang
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, People's Republic of China
| | - Nannan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 10012, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Li
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, People's Republic of China
| | - Biao Cheng
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Zhou
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Wang
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Impacts of water hardness on coagulation-UF-NF process using aluminum salts. Sep Purif Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2023.123611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
|
8
|
Feng W, Xiao X, Li J, Xiao Q, Ma L, Gao Q, Wan Y, Huang Y, Liu T, Luo X, Luo S, Zeng G, Yu K. Bioleaching and immobilizing of copper and zinc using endophytes coupled with biochar-hydroxyapatite: Bipolar remediation for heavy metals contaminated mining soils. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 315:137730. [PMID: 36603675 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Copper and zinc are toxic heavy metals in soils that require development of feasible strategies for remediation of contaminated soils around the mine areas. In this study, the processing conditions and mechanisms of immobilization and bioleaching for remediation of highly contaminated soils with heavy metals are investigated. Soil remediation is carried out using a bioleaching-immobilization bipolar method. The results show that LSE03 bacteria provide efficient leaching result and immobilization on Cu2+ and Zn2+. Among the bacterial metabolites, cis, cis-muconic acid and isovaleric acid play major roles in the bioleaching process. The bacterial extracellular polymeric substances are rich in a variety of organic acids that show a significant decrease in content after the adsorption process, indicating that all of these substances are involved in the binding of heavy metals. Characterization of the endophytes and immobilizing agents with FTIR, TEM-mapping, and XPS techniques reveal the ability of both bacteria and composites to adsorb Cu-Zn as well as the main functional groups of -OH, -COOH, -PO43-, and -NH. According to the heavy metals species analyses, competitive adsorption experiments, and bioleaching desorption experiments, it is planned to carry out the bipolar remediation of contaminated soil through immobilization followed by bioleaching process. After bipolar remediation processing, 97.923% and 96.387% of available Cu and Zn are respectively removed. Soils fertility significantly increases in all cases. Our study provides a green, practical, and environmentally friendly treatment method for soils contaminated with high concentrations of heavy metals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiran Feng
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, 330063, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Heavy Metals Pollutants Control and Resources Utilization, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, 330063, China
| | - Xiao Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, 330063, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Heavy Metals Pollutants Control and Resources Utilization, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, 330063, China.
| | - Junjie Li
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, 330063, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Heavy Metals Pollutants Control and Resources Utilization, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, 330063, China
| | - Qicheng Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, 330063, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Heavy Metals Pollutants Control and Resources Utilization, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, 330063, China
| | - Li Ma
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, 330063, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Heavy Metals Pollutants Control and Resources Utilization, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, 330063, China
| | - Qifeng Gao
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, 330063, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Heavy Metals Pollutants Control and Resources Utilization, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, 330063, China
| | - Yuke Wan
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, 330063, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Heavy Metals Pollutants Control and Resources Utilization, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, 330063, China
| | - Yutian Huang
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, 330063, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Heavy Metals Pollutants Control and Resources Utilization, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, 330063, China
| | - Ting Liu
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, 330063, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Heavy Metals Pollutants Control and Resources Utilization, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, 330063, China
| | - Xubiao Luo
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, 330063, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Heavy Metals Pollutants Control and Resources Utilization, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, 330063, China; Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Agricultural Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control in Red Soil Hilly Region, School of Life Sciences, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, 343009, China
| | - Shenglian Luo
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, 330063, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Heavy Metals Pollutants Control and Resources Utilization, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, 330063, China
| | - Guisheng Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, 330063, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Heavy Metals Pollutants Control and Resources Utilization, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, 330063, China
| | - Kai Yu
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, 330063, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Heavy Metals Pollutants Control and Resources Utilization, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, 330063, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Park Y, Jin S, Noda I, Jung YM. Continuing progress in the field of two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2D-COS): Part III. Versatile applications. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 284:121636. [PMID: 36229084 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.121636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In this review, the comprehensive summary of two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2D-COS) for the last two years is covered. The remarkable applications of 2D-COS in diverse fields using many types of probes and perturbations for the last two years are highlighted. IR spectroscopy is still the most popular probe in 2D-COS during the last two years. Applications in fluorescence and Raman spectroscopy are also very popularly used. In the external perturbations applied in 2D-COS, variations in concentration, pH, and relative compositions are dramatically increased during the last two years. Temperature is still the most used effect, but it is slightly decreased compared to two years ago. 2D-COS has been applied to diverse systems, such as environments, natural products, polymers, food, proteins and peptides, solutions, mixtures, nano materials, pharmaceuticals, and others. Especially, biological and environmental applications have significantly emerged. This survey review paper shows that 2D-COS is an actively evolving and expanding field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yeonju Park
- Kangwon Radiation Convergence Research Support Center, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Sila Jin
- Kangwon Radiation Convergence Research Support Center, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Isao Noda
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA.
| | - Young Mee Jung
- Kangwon Radiation Convergence Research Support Center, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea; Department of Chemistry, and Institute for Molecular Science and Fusion Technology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Jia P, Huang Y, Chen M, Qi X, Hou H. Comprehensive evaluation of spent mushroom substrate-chicken manure co-composting by garden waste improvement: physicochemical properties, humification process, and the spectral characteristics of dissolved organic matter. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:8987-8997. [PMID: 35606581 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20879-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The performance of garden waste on spent mushroom substrate (SMS) and chicken manure (CM) co-composting efficiency and humification is unclear. Therefore, this study investigated the impact of garden waste addition on SMS-CM co-composting physicochemical properties, humification process, and the spectral characteristics of dissolved organic matter (DOM). The results showed that garden waste improved the physicochemical properties of SMS-CM co-compost, the thermophilic period was advanced 2 days, the seed germination index increased by 30.2%, and the total organic carbon and total nitrogen content increased by 8.80% and 15.0%, respectively. In addition, garden waste increased humic substances (HS) and humic acid (HA) contents by 10.62% and 34.52%, respectively; the HI, PHA and DP increased by 31.53%, 43.19% and 55.53%, respectively; and the SUVA254 and SUVA280 of DOM also increased by 6.39% and 4.39%, respectively. In particular, HA content and DOM humification increase rapidly in the first 10 days. The increase of HA accounted for 52% of the total increase during composting. Fourier-transform infrared and two-dimensional correlation analysis further confirmed that garden waste could facilitate the degradation of organic molecules, including amino acids, polysaccharides, carboxyl groups, phenols, and alcohol, and contributed to the preferential utilization of carboxyl groups and polysaccharides and thus enhanced humification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Penghui Jia
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-Environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A & F University, No.3, Rd.Tai Cheng, Shaanxi, 712100, Yangling, China
| | - Yimei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-Environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A & F University, No.3, Rd.Tai Cheng, Shaanxi, 712100, Yangling, China.
| | - Mengli Chen
- School of Environment and Ecology, Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China
| | - Xiping Qi
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-Environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A & F University, No.3, Rd.Tai Cheng, Shaanxi, 712100, Yangling, China
| | - Hongyang Hou
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-Environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A & F University, No.3, Rd.Tai Cheng, Shaanxi, 712100, Yangling, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
He S, Han Z, Li H, Wang J, Guo N, Wu Y. Influence of dissolved organic matter and heavy metals on the utilization of soil-like material mined from different types of MSW landfills. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 153:312-322. [PMID: 36181741 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2022.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Soil-like material (SLM) mined from municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills can be used as nursery cultivation soil, landfill cover, and as a building material. However, SLM utilization is restrained by heavy metal (HM) contents whose speciation and migration are influenced by their dissolved organic matter (DOM) content. Therefore, the properties of aged refuse and the correlation between DOM and HM forms were studied using samples from different types of MSW landfills. The dominant components of aged refuse were SLM (18.80%-83.51%) and plastics (11.17%-65.51%). The moisture, organic matter, and pH ranged from 29.55% to 57.92%, 15.70%-57.68%, and 7.84-8.51, respectively. The Zn content was highest (455.48-1379.27 mg/kg) in the SLM, followed by Cu (96.29-428.90 mg/kg), Cr (49.10-236.21 mg/kg), Pb (53.52-222.71 mg/kg), and Ni (20.92-39.10 mg/kg). The SLM cannot be used for agriculture because the HM contamination exceeds the multiple of 0.07-7.99. Zinc in the acid-soluble state and reducible state had the highest mobility in SLM. However, Cu and Pb, mainly in the oxidizable state, and Cr and Ni, in the oxidizable and residual states, were relatively stable. In the sanitary and simple MSW landfills, the average proportion of protein-like materials decreased from 84.44% to 82.61% and from 65.58% to 55.94%, respectively, as the landfill depth increased. Both the acid-soluble and oxidizable HM states and all forms of Zn in the SLM were significantly positively correlated with tyrosine-like materials (r = 0.58*-0.87**). Protein-like materials may enhance the mobility of HMs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shan He
- State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection (Chengdu University of Technology), Chengdu 610059, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Synergetic Control and Joint Remediation for Soil & Water Pollution (Chengdu University of Technology), Chengdu 610059, China; College of Ecology and Environment (Chengdu University of Technology), Chengdu 610059, China
| | - Zhiyong Han
- State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection (Chengdu University of Technology), Chengdu 610059, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Synergetic Control and Joint Remediation for Soil & Water Pollution (Chengdu University of Technology), Chengdu 610059, China; College of Ecology and Environment (Chengdu University of Technology), Chengdu 610059, China.
| | - Hao Li
- College of Ecology and Environment (Chengdu University of Technology), Chengdu 610059, China; Sichaun Institute of Geological Engineering Investigation Group Co., Ltd, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Jin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection (Chengdu University of Technology), Chengdu 610059, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Synergetic Control and Joint Remediation for Soil & Water Pollution (Chengdu University of Technology), Chengdu 610059, China; College of Ecology and Environment (Chengdu University of Technology), Chengdu 610059, China
| | - Nanfei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection (Chengdu University of Technology), Chengdu 610059, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Synergetic Control and Joint Remediation for Soil & Water Pollution (Chengdu University of Technology), Chengdu 610059, China; College of Ecology and Environment (Chengdu University of Technology), Chengdu 610059, China
| | - Yayan Wu
- Chengdu XingRong Environmental Technology Co. Ltd, Chengdu 610108, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ma L, Li B, Yabo SD, Li Z, Qi H. Fluorescence fingerprinting characteristics of water-soluble organic carbon from size-resolved particles during pollution event. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 307:135748. [PMID: 35863406 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A typical haze pollution process in northern China has necessitated this study which focuses on the fluorescence characteristics of water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) in size-resolved particles. High concentrations of WSOC were found in both fine (38 μg/m³) and coarse particles (36 μg/m³) during the pollution period, which may be related to the secondary formation of organic aerosols and stable meteorological conditions. Five fluorescent components in WSOC were extracted by parallel factor analysis. Our results showed that the fluorophores in fine and coarse particles were mainly humic-like substances (humic-like, terrestrial humic-like, and high oxidation humic-like substances) and protein-like substances (protein-like and tyrosine-like substances), respectively. Moreover, the aging degree analysis, pollution source tracing, and concentration prediction of WSOC were carried out by fluorescence index. An innovative technique called self-organizing map was proposed for an in-depth investigation of the contamination mechanism of the atmospheric organic aerosol. Furthermore, the difference in the fluorescence characteristics of WSOC in fine particles was higher than that in coarse particles. The atmospheric pollution process increased the degree of difference in fluorescence characteristics. Additionally, an effective method for predicting the size of atmospheric particles was established by combining excitation-emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy with classification and regression tree analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lixin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China; School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Bo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China; School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Stephen Dauda Yabo
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China; School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Zhuo Li
- Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Hong Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China; School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zhang R, Deng Z, Li J, Zhang Y, Wei Z, Cao H. Effect of leaching time on phytotoxicity of dissolved organic matter derived from black carbon based on spectroscopy. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 307:119595. [PMID: 35688387 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Black carbon (BC) exports huge amounts of its derived DOM from terrestrial ecosystems annually through a variety of ways (i.e., erosion or runoff migration). The pyrolytic feedstock type and temperature resulted in DOM derived from highly condensed aromatic and non-aromatic BC. However, the behaviors of low aromatic BC-derived DOM at diverse leaching time are poorly understood. In this work, low aromatic BCs were prepared by pyrolysis corn straws at 250 °C, 350 °C and 450 °C. Extraction experiments for four leaching time (6 h, 10 h, 15 h and 21 h) were set up to simulate BC-derived DOM generative process in nature. The phytotoxicity of BC-derived DOM was evaluated via germination index (GI). Spectral characteristics were discussed to analyze the phytotoxicity variations of fluorescence components composition at different time, including the excitation-emission matrix-parallel factor, two-dimensional correlation spectra and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The results suggested that low aromatic BC-derived DOM might contain aromatic phenolic compounds. A longer time contributed to accumulate the complex, hard-to-use organic matters, leading to lower GI. These results would supplement the dynamic spectral characteristics of low aromatic BC-derived DOM and its environmental risks during the leaching process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruju Zhang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Ze Deng
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Jiulong Li
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yunxian Zhang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Zimin Wei
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Huan Cao
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Li C, Maqbool T, Kang H, Zhang Z. In-Situ Sludge Reduction in Membrane-Controlled Anoxic-Oxic-Anoxic Bioreactor: Performance and Mechanism. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12070659. [PMID: 35877863 PMCID: PMC9321052 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12070659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Conventional and advanced biological wastewater treatment systems generate excess sludge, which causes socio-economic and environmental issues. This study investigated the performance of membrane-controlled anoxic-oxic-anoxic (AOA) bioreactors for in-situ sludge reduction compared to the conventional anoxic-oxic-oxic membrane bioreactor (MBRcontrol). The membrane units in the AOA bioreactors were operated as anoxic reactors at lower sludge recirculation rates to achieve hydrolysis of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and extensive endogenous respiration. Compared to MBRcontrol, the AOA bioreactors operated with 90%, and 80% recirculation rates reduced the sludge growth up to 19% and 30%, respectively. Protein-like components were enriched in AOA bioreactors while fulvic-like components were dominant in MBRcontrol. The growth of Dechloromonas and Zoogloea genra was promoted in AOA bioreactors and thus sludge reduction was facilitated. Metagenomics analysis uncovered that AOA bioreactors exhibited higher proportions of key genes encoding enzymes involved in the glycolysis and denitrification processes, which contributed to the utilization of carbon sources and nitrogen consumption and thus sludge reduction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chengyue Li
- Institute of Environmental Engineering & Nano-Technology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; (C.L.); (T.M.); (H.K.)
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Centre for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Tahir Maqbool
- Institute of Environmental Engineering & Nano-Technology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; (C.L.); (T.M.); (H.K.)
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Centre for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hongyu Kang
- Institute of Environmental Engineering & Nano-Technology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; (C.L.); (T.M.); (H.K.)
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Centre for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhenghua Zhang
- Institute of Environmental Engineering & Nano-Technology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; (C.L.); (T.M.); (H.K.)
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Centre for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhou X, Wang Q, Guo Y, Sun X, Li T, Yang C. Spectroscopic characterization of dissolved organic matter from macroalgae Ulva pertusa decomposition and its binding behaviors with Cu(II). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 225:112811. [PMID: 34563880 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) from macroalgae is regarded a crucial source of autochthonous DOM in coastal ocean. In the present study, the characteristics of DOM from the macroalgae Ulva pertusa decomposition (U. pertusa-DOM) and its binding behaviors with Cu(II) using multiple spectroscopic techniques and chemometric analyses. The labile U. pertusa-DOM could be consumed and transformed by microorganisms. The absorption spectroscopic descriptors indicate that the hydrophobicity, aromaticity, and molecular weight of the U. pertusa-DOM increase during the 27-day incubation period. Fluorescence excitation-emission matrix spectroscopy combined with parallel factor analysis suggests that the relative abundance of the protein-like component (C1) (96.10-84.96%) sequentially decreases, whereas the humic-like components (C2) (2.16-9.73%) and (C3) (1.75-5.31%) in the U. pertusa-DOM increase with the U. pertusa decomposition. The Cu(II) binding properties of the U. pertusa-DOM are dependent on the decomposition time. The order of the conditional stability constant (logKM) is C2 > C1 > C3. The complexation capacity (f) of C1 is higher than those of C2 and C3 at a specific time. Synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy coupled with two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy reveals that the microbial degradation could accelerate the Cu(II) binding to humic-like fractions in the U. pertusa-DOM. These findings will help us better understand the biogeochemical behaviors of macroalgal DOM and heavy metal in coastal ecosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotian Zhou
- Marine and Fishery institute of Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316021, China; Marine Fisheries Research Institute of Zhejiang, Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Technology Research for Fishery Resource of Zhejiang Province, Zhoushan 316021, China
| | - Qilu Wang
- Marine and Fishery institute of Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316021, China; Marine Fisheries Research Institute of Zhejiang, Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Technology Research for Fishery Resource of Zhejiang Province, Zhoushan 316021, China
| | - Yuanming Guo
- Marine and Fishery institute of Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316021, China; Marine Fisheries Research Institute of Zhejiang, Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Technology Research for Fishery Resource of Zhejiang Province, Zhoushan 316021, China
| | - Xiumei Sun
- Marine and Fishery institute of Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316021, China; Marine Fisheries Research Institute of Zhejiang, Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Technology Research for Fishery Resource of Zhejiang Province, Zhoushan 316021, China
| | - Tiejun Li
- Marine and Fishery institute of Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316021, China; Marine Fisheries Research Institute of Zhejiang, Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Technology Research for Fishery Resource of Zhejiang Province, Zhoushan 316021, China
| | - Chenghu Yang
- Marine and Fishery institute of Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316021, China; Marine Fisheries Research Institute of Zhejiang, Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Technology Research for Fishery Resource of Zhejiang Province, Zhoushan 316021, China.
| |
Collapse
|