1
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Vyas NB, Henry PFP, Binkowski ŁJ, Hladik ML, Gross MS, Schroeder MA, Davis DM. Persistence of pesticide residues in weathered avian droppings. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 259:119475. [PMID: 38945513 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Avian droppings (combination of fecal matter and urates) provide a non-lethal and non-invasive matrix for measuring pesticide exposures. In the field, droppings may be collected days or weeks after excretion and the persistence of pesticide residues in weathered droppings is not known. Thus, we studied the effects of weathering on pesticide residues in droppings. Domestic chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) hens were used as a representative species for Order Galliformes. We collected droppings from hens before they were exposed to the pesticides (reference or pre-dose droppings ). Thereafter, the hens were orally administered encapsulated wheat seeds coated with Raxil® PRO Shield (containing the active ingredients imidacloprid, prothioconazole, metalaxyl, and tebuconazole) for consecutive 7 days. During this time, their droppings were collected on days 3, 5, and 8 from the start of the exposure period (post-dose droppings ). The pre-dose and post-dose droppings were weathered for up to 30 days in autumn and spring in shrubsteppe habitat. Droppings were analyzed using HPLC coupled to triple quad LC/MS for parent compound and metabolite residues. No pesticide or its metabolite residues were detected in the weathered reference droppings. No parent pesticide compounds were detected in weathered post-dose droppings but imidacloprid metabolites, imidacloprid-5-hydroxy and imidacloprid-olefin, and the prothioconazole metabolite, desthio-prothioconazole, were detected in all post-dose weathered samples from both seasons. The active ingredients metalaxyl and tebuconazole and their metabolites were not detected in any of the samples. Our results suggest that, depending on the pesticide, its concentration, and the environmental conditions, residues of some pesticides can be detected in droppings weathered for at least 30 days. Knowledge of pesticide persistence in weathered droppings can help refine the quality and quantity of fecal samples that are collected for monitoring pesticide exposures to birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nimish B Vyas
- U.S. Geological Survey Eastern Ecological Science Center, 12100 Beech Forest Road, Laurel, MD, 20708, United States.
| | - Paula F P Henry
- U.S. Geological Survey Eastern Ecological Science Center, 12100 Beech Forest Road, Laurel, MD, 20708, United States.
| | - Łukasz J Binkowski
- University of the National Education Commission and Earth Sciences, Podchorążych 2 St., 30-084, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Michelle L Hladik
- U.S. Geological Survey, California Water Science Center, 6000 J St. Placer Hall, Sacramento, CA, 95819, United States.
| | - Michael S Gross
- U.S. Geological Survey, California Water Science Center, 6000 J St. Placer Hall, Sacramento, CA, 95819, United States.
| | - Michael A Schroeder
- Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, P.O. Box 1077, Bridgeport, WA, 98813, United States.
| | - Dawn M Davis
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Wyoming Field Office, 334 Parsley Boulevard, Cheyenne, WY, 82007, United States.
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2
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Hýsková V, Jakl M, Jaklová Dytrtová J, Ćavar Zeljković S, Vrobel O, Bělonožníková K, Kavan D, Křížek T, Šimonová A, Vašková M, Kovač I, Račko Žufić A, Ryšlavá H. Antifungal triazoles affect key non-target metabolic pathways in Solanum lycopersicum L. plants. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 268:115729. [PMID: 38000304 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Several 1,2,4-triazoles are widely used as systemic fungicides in agriculture because they inhibit fungal 14ɑ-demethylase. However, they can also act on many non-target plant enzymes, thereby affecting phytohormonal balance, free amino acid content, and adaptation to stress. In this study, tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum L. var. 'Cherrola') were exposed to penconazole, tebuconazole, or their combination, either by foliar spraying or soil drenching, every week, as an ecotoxicological model. All triazole-exposed plants showed a higher content (1.7-8.8 ×) of total free amino acids than the control, especially free glutamine and asparagine were increased most likely in relation to the increase in active cytokinin metabolites 15 days after the first application. Conversely, the Trp content decreased in comparison with control (0.2-0.7 ×), suggesting depletion by auxin biosynthesis. Both triazole application methods slightly affected the antioxidant system (antioxidant enzyme activity, antioxidant capacity, and phenolic content) in tomato leaves. These results indicated that the tomato plants adapted to triazoles over time. Therefore, increasing the abscisic and chlorogenic acid content in triazole-exposed plants may promote resistance to abiotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Hýsková
- Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Jakl
- Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Department of Agroenvironmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Prague-Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Jaklová Dytrtová
- Charles University, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Sport Sciences-Biomedical Department, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Sanja Ćavar Zeljković
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Department of Genetic Resources for Vegetables, Medicinal and Special Plants, Crop Research Institute, Olomouc, Czech Republic; Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Vrobel
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Department of Genetic Resources for Vegetables, Medicinal and Special Plants, Crop Research Institute, Olomouc, Czech Republic; Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Bělonožníková
- Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Kavan
- Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Křížek
- Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Alice Šimonová
- Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Vašková
- Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Ishak Kovač
- Charles University, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Sport Sciences-Biomedical Department, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Antoniana Račko Žufić
- Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Ryšlavá
- Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry, Prague 2, Czech Republic.
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3
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Fernández-Vizcaíno E, Mougeot F, Cabodevilla X, Fernández-Tizón M, Mateo R, Madeira MJ, Ortiz-Santaliestra ME. Diet and Spatial Ecology Influence Red-Legged Partridge Exposure to Pesticides Used as Seed Treatment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:14861-14870. [PMID: 37747849 PMCID: PMC10569034 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c03905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Seed treatment with pesticides is an extended agricultural practice with a high risk to granivorous birds that consume those seeds. To characterize that risk, it is necessary to understand the ecological factors that determine the exposure chances of birds to treated seeds. We investigated how pesticide uptake by red-legged partridges was related to cultivated plant ingestion and to the use of recently sown fields. We analyzed pesticide residues in 144 fecal samples from 32 flocks and determined the plant diet composition using DNA metabarcoding. Habitat use was studied through the monitoring of 15 GPS-tagged partridges. We confirmed, through the analysis of seeds, that >80% of cereal fields from the area had seeds treated with triazole fungicides. Tebuconazole was detected in 16.6% of partridges' feces. During the sowing season, cultivated plants accounted for half of the plant diet, but no association was found between cultivated plant consumption and pesticide intake. GPS tracking revealed that tebuconazole was detected in feces when partridges had recently used sown fields, whereas nonexposed partridges showed no overlap with recently sown areas. Our results highlight the need to incorporate field ecology into the characterization of pesticide exposure to improve the efficacy of environmental risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Fernández-Vizcaíno
- Instituto
de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC) CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo 12, Ciudad Real 13005, Spain
| | - François Mougeot
- Instituto
de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC) CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo 12, Ciudad Real 13005, Spain
| | - Xabier Cabodevilla
- Conservation
Biology Group, Landscape Dynamics and Biodiversity Program, Forest Science and Technology Centre of Catalonia
(CTFC), km 2, Solsona 25280, Spain
- Terrestrial
Ecology Group (TEG-UAM), Department of Ecology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Calle Darwin 2, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Mario Fernández-Tizón
- Instituto
de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC) CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo 12, Ciudad Real 13005, Spain
| | - Rafael Mateo
- Instituto
de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC) CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo 12, Ciudad Real 13005, Spain
| | - María J. Madeira
- Department
of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, Vitoria-Gasteiz 01006, Alava, Spain
| | - Manuel E. Ortiz-Santaliestra
- Instituto
de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC) CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo 12, Ciudad Real 13005, Spain
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4
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Fernández-Vizcaíno E, Mougeot F, Mateo R, Camarero PR, Alcaide V, Ortiz-Santaliestra ME. A non-invasive method to monitor farmland bird exposure to triazole fungicides. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 325:138316. [PMID: 36893863 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The treatment of seeds with pesticides is an extended practice in current agriculture. There is a high risk of exposure in granivorous birds, such as the red-legged partridge (Alectoris rufa), that can consume those seeds remaining on the surface during sowing. Fungicide exposure could in turn affect bird reproductive capacity. To better understand to what extent triazole fungicides are a threat to granivorous birds, we need an easy and reliable method to quantify field exposure. In this study, we tested a novel non-invasive method to detect the presence of triazole fungicide residues in farmland bird faeces. We experimentally exposed captive red-legged partridges to validate the method, and then applied it in a real scenario to assess exposure of wild partridges. We exposed adult partridges to seeds treated with two formulations containing triazole fungicides as active ingredients: Vincit®Minima (flutriafol 2.5%) and Raxil®Plus (prothioconazole 25% and tebuconazole 15%). We collected two types of faeces (caecal and rectal samples) immediately after exposure and 7 days later and quantified the concentrations of the three triazoles and their common metabolite (1,2,4-triazole). The three active ingredients and 1,2,4-triazole were only detected in faeces collected immediately after exposure. Triazole fungicide detection rates in rectal stool were 28.6%, 73.3% and 80% for flutriafol, prothioconazole and tebuconazole, respectively. In caecal samples, detection rates were 40%, 93.3% and 33.3%, respectively. 1,2,4-triazole was detected in 53% of rectal samples. For an applied use of the method in the field, we collected 43 faecal samples from wild red-legged partridges during autumn cereal seed sowing and found detectable levels of tebuconazole in 18.6% of the analysed wild partridges. The results of the experiment were then used to estimate actual exposure levels from this prevalence value found in wild birds. Our study shows that faecal analysis can be a useful tool to assess farmland bird exposure to triazole fungicides, when samples are fresh and the method has been validated for the detection of target molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Fernández-Vizcaíno
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC) CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo 12, 13005, Ciudad Real, Spain.
| | - François Mougeot
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC) CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo 12, 13005, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Rafael Mateo
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC) CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo 12, 13005, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Pablo R Camarero
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC) CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo 12, 13005, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Vicente Alcaide
- Instituto Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario y Forestal de Castilla La Mancha (IRIAF), Centro de Investigación Agroambiental El Chaparrillo JCCM. Carretera de Porzuna S/n, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Manuel E Ortiz-Santaliestra
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC) CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo 12, 13005, Ciudad Real, Spain
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5
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Chen D, Wang B, Yang X, Weng X, Chang Z. Improving Recognition Accuracy of Pesticides in Groundwater by Applying TrAdaBoost Transfer Learning Method. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:3856. [PMID: 37112197 PMCID: PMC10143876 DOI: 10.3390/s23083856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Accurate and rapid prediction of pesticides in groundwater is important to protect human health. Thus, an electronic nose was used to recognize pesticides in groundwater. However, the e-nose response signals for pesticides are different in groundwater samples from various regions, so a prediction model built on one region's samples might be ineffective when tested in another. Moreover, the establishment of a new prediction model requires a large number of sample data, which will cost too much resources and time. To resolve this issue, this study introduced the TrAdaBoost transfer learning method to recognize the pesticide in groundwater using the e-nose. The main work was divided into two steps: (1) qualitatively checking the pesticide type and (2) semi-quantitatively predicting the pesticide concentration. The support vector machine integrated with the TrAdaBoost was adopted to complete these two steps, and the recognition rate can be 19.3% and 22.2% higher than that of methods without transfer learning. These results demonstrated the potential of the TrAdaBoost based on support vector machine approaches in recognizing the pesticide in groundwater when there were few samples in the target domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
- College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
- Weihai Institute for Bionics, Jilin University, Weihai 264401, China
| | - Bingyang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
- College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
- Weihai Institute for Bionics, Jilin University, Weihai 264401, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
- College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
- Weihai Institute for Bionics, Jilin University, Weihai 264401, China
| | - Xiaohui Weng
- Weihai Institute for Bionics, Jilin University, Weihai 264401, China
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Zhiyong Chang
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
- College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
- Weihai Institute for Bionics, Jilin University, Weihai 264401, China
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6
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Albers CN, Johnsen AR, Bollmann UE. Urban areas as sources of the groundwater contaminants N,N-dimethylsulfamide (N,N-DMS) and 1,2,4-triazole. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 881:163377. [PMID: 37030362 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Nyrop Albers
- Department of Geochemistry, Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS), Øster Voldgade 10, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Anders Risbjerg Johnsen
- Department of Geochemistry, Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS), Øster Voldgade 10, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ulla Elisabeth Bollmann
- Department of Geochemistry, Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS), Øster Voldgade 10, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark
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7
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Møller I, Karan S, Gravesen P, Rosenbom AE. On the representability of soil water samples in space and time: Impact of heterogeneous solute transport pathways underneath a sandy field. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 856:159039. [PMID: 36174691 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In Europe, millions of water samples have been collected from sampling points, especially in the saturated zone to assess the water quality among others to fulfil EU water quality directives. Often water samples are collected from sampling points installed in the subsurface without knowing what the water collected represents in space and time. As such, without detailed knowledge of hydrogeological settings and fluctuations in groundwater levels, it is not possible to assess whether water collected represents a hydraulic active sediment setting or an adjacent isolated sediment body. Collecting water from the latter will hence not reveal by analysis potential contamination in the hydraulic active setting. Based on a detailed three-dimensional sedimentary facies model interpreted from geological and geophysical data combined with groundwater level measurements, this study focuses on delineating the impact of changing solute transport pathways underneath a sandy field (2 ha) exposed to bromide and pesticide applications. Hence, the analyses utilize detections in water samples of bromide, pesticides, and/or their degradation products collected through 19 years at 25 sampling points. A special focus is on the relatively high concentration, long-termed leaching of four degradation products (1,2,4-triazole, CGA108906, PPU, and desethyl-terbuthylazine) through the field. The results show that even for sand, knowledge of the hydrogeological setting and in-situ fate knowledge is imperative to assess the representability of water being sampled from both the variably-saturated and saturated zone of the soil-sediment system. Especially, the sub-horizontal layered sediments with numerous facies shifts facilitate horizontal solute transport, and fluctuations in the groundwater table seem to be decisive for, which solute transport pathways are dominating. Such detailed insights are crucial for accurately assessing sources of contaminants, leaching risk of contaminants through the variably-saturated zone, and improving monitoring procedures in the protection of the water resources and hereby the water quality of the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingelise Møller
- Geological Survey of the Denmark and Greenland, Øster Voldgade 10, DK-1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark.
| | - Sachin Karan
- Geological Survey of the Denmark and Greenland, Øster Voldgade 10, DK-1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Peter Gravesen
- Geological Survey of the Denmark and Greenland, Øster Voldgade 10, DK-1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark
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8
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Akkam Y, Omari D, Alhmoud H, Alajmi M, Akkam N, Aljarrah I. Assessment of Xenoestrogens in Jordanian Water System: Activity and Identification. TOXICS 2023; 11:63. [PMID: 36668789 PMCID: PMC9866086 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11010063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Sex hormone disruptors (xenoestrogens) are a global concern due to their potential toxicity. However, to date, there has been no study to investigate the presence of xenoestrogen pollutants in the Jordanian water system. Samples in triplicates were collected from six locations in Jordan, including dams, surface water, tap or faucet water, and filtered water (drinking water-local company). Xenoestrogens were then extracted and evaluated with a yeast estrogen screen utilizing Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Later, possible pollutants were mined using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) coupled with a Bruker impact II Q-TOF-MS. Possible hits were identified using MetaboScape software (4000 compounds), which includes pesticide, pharmaceutical pollutant, veterinary drug, and toxic compound databases and a special library of 75 possible xenoestrogens. The presence of xenoestrogens in vegetable samples collected from two different locations was also investigated. The total estrogen equivalents according to the YES system were 2.9 ± 1.2, 9.5 ± 5, 2.5 ± 1.5, 1.4 ± 0.9 ng/L for King Talal Dam, As-Samra Wastewater Treatment Plant, King Abdullah Canal, and tap water, respectively. In Almujeb Dam and drinking water, the estrogenic activity was below the detection limit. Numbers of identified xenoestrogens were: As-Samra Wastewater Treatment Plant 27 pollutants, King Talal Dam 20 pollutants, Almujeb Dam 10 pollutants, King Abdullah Canal 16 pollutants, Irbid tap water 32 pollutants, Amman tap water 30 pollutants, drinking water 3 pollutants, and vegetables 7 pollutants. However, a large number of compounds remained unknown. Xenoestrogen pollutants were detected in all tested samples, but the total estrogenic capacities were within the acceptable range. The major source of xenoestrogen pollutants was agricultural resources. Risk evaluations for low xenoestrogen activity should be taken into account, and thorough pesticide monitoring systems and regular inspections should also be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazan Akkam
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yarmouk University, Irbid 21163, Jordan
| | - Derar Omari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yarmouk University, Irbid 21163, Jordan
| | - Hassan Alhmoud
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yarmouk University, Irbid 21163, Jordan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jerash University, Irbid 26110, Jordan
| | - Mohammad Alajmi
- Department of Law and Science Department, Kuwait International Law School, Doha 93151, Kuwait
| | - Nosaibah Akkam
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Universität des Saarlandes, 66424 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Islam Aljarrah
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yarmouk University, Irbid 21163, Jordan
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9
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Huang J, Li M, Jin F, Wang Z, Li W, Pan D, Li QX, Wu X. Isolation of Sphingomonas sp. AJ-1 and its enantioselective S-methylation of the triazole fungicide prothioconazole. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 851:158220. [PMID: 36007644 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Prothioconazole is a widely used chiral triazole fungicide, and its residue pollution has attracted wide attention in recent years. However, little is known about microbial metabolic processes of prothioconazole enantiomers. In this study, a prothioconazole-degrading strain, Sphingomonas sp. AJ-1, was isolated from activated sludge. The optimal temperature and pH for prothioconazole degradation by strain AJ-1 were 30 °C and 6.0, respectively, and the degradation rate of prothioconazole by strain AJ-1 was negatively correlated with the initial concentration. When supplemented with additional carbon source, the degradation rates of 10 mg/L (Rac)-/(S)-/(R)-prothioconazole by strain AJ-1 were 76.0 %, 100.0 % and 64.8 % within 6 d, respectively. The CS bond of prothioconazole was methylated to produce (S)-/(R)-prothioconazole-S-methyl by strain AJ-1, but the degradation rate of prothioconazole by strain AJ-1 with (S)-enantiomer was 2.54-fold of that with (R)-enantiomer. Moreover, the toxicity of (Rac)-prothioconazole-S-methyl was 5.57 times lower than that of (Rac)-prothioconazole to Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata. The results showed that strain AJ-1 had obvious enantioselective metabolism for prothioconazole, and this metabolism was a detoxification process. This study provides new insights into the enantioselective metabolism of the chiral fungicide prothioconazole in microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwei Huang
- College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agri-food Safety of Anhui Province, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Mengze Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agri-food Safety of Anhui Province, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Fangsha Jin
- College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agri-food Safety of Anhui Province, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agri-food Safety of Anhui Province, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Weiping Li
- Hefei Engineering Research Center for Soil and Groundwater Remediation, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Dandan Pan
- College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agri-food Safety of Anhui Province, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Qing X Li
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1955 East-West Road, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Xiangwei Wu
- College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agri-food Safety of Anhui Province, Hefei 230036, China.
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10
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Bech TB, Stehrer T, Jakobsen R, Badawi N, Schostag MD, Hinsby K, Aamand J, Hellal J. Degradation potential of MCPA, metolachlor and propiconazole in the hyporheic sediments of an agriculturally impacted river. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 834:155226. [PMID: 35461929 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Hyporheic sediments are influenced by physical, biological, and chemical processes due to the interactions with river water and has been shown to play an important role in the environmental fate of pesticides. Therefore, this study evaluated the bacterial degradation potential of MCPA, metolachlor and propiconazole in hyporheic sediments sampled along a 20 km long stretch of an agriculturally impacted river dominated primarily by water losing conditions. Water physicochemical parameters in the river and nearby groundwater wells were assessed along with pesticide sorption to sediments and bacterial community composition. Degradation and mineralisation batch experiments were set up from six locations (five water losing, one water gaining) using environmentally relevant concentrations of pesticides (10 μg kg-1). Highly variable DT50 values from 11 to 44 days for MCPA, 11-27 days for metolachlor (MTC) and 60-147 days for propiconazole were calculated based on ~140 day studies. Degradation of MTC led to accumulation of the transformation products MOA and MESA in batch experiments. Noteworthy, MESA was detected in the groundwater wells adjacent to the part of the river impacted by losing conditions suggesting that degradation processes in hyporheic sediments may lead to the formation of transformation products (TP) leaching towards groundwater. Further, from propiconazole was identified a persistent transformation product being different from 1,2,4-triazole. Specific calculated DT50 values could not the linked to bacterial diversity. However, generally all sediment samples were characterised by high bacterial diversity, where approximately 80% of the relative sequence abundances were < 1%, which may increase the likelihood of finding contaminant-degrading genes, thereby explaining the general high contaminant-degrading activity. The studied sediments revealed a high potential to degrade pesticides despite only being exposed to low diffuse pollutant concentrations that is similar to calculated DT50 values in agricultural soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina B Bech
- Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland, Department of Geochemistry, DK-1350 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Thomas Stehrer
- Proteomics Service Laboratory, Institute of Physiology and Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Rasmus Jakobsen
- Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland, Department of Geochemistry, DK-1350 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nora Badawi
- Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland, Department of Geochemistry, DK-1350 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morten D Schostag
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Klaus Hinsby
- Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland, Department of Hydrology, DK-1350 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens Aamand
- Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland, Department of Geochemistry, DK-1350 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Del Puerto O, Gonçalves NPF, Medana C, Prevot AB, Roslev P. Attenuation of toxicity and occurrence of degradation products of the fungicide tebuconazole after combined vacuum UV and UVC treatment of drinking water. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:58312-58325. [PMID: 35364793 PMCID: PMC9395489 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19691-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Antifungal azoles are the most frequently used fungicides worldwide and occur as active ingredients in many antifungal pharmaceuticals, biocides, and pesticides. Azole fungicides are frequent environmental contaminants and can affect the quality of surface waters, groundwater, and drinking water. This study examined the potential of combined vacuum UV (185 nm) and UVC (254 nm) irradiation (VUV/UVC) of the azole fungicide tebuconazole and the transformation product 1,2,4-trizole on degradation and changes in ecotoxicity. In vivo ecotoxicity was examined before and after UV treatment using bioassays with test organisms from different trophic levels to integrate changes in biological effect of the parent compound and the degradation products. The test battery included the luminescent bacterium Aliivibrio fischeri, the Gram-positive bacterium Bacillus subtilis, the fungus Fusarium graminearum, the green microalga Raphidocelis subcapitata, and the crustacean Daphnia magna. The combined VUV/UVC treatment of tebuconazole in drinking water efficiently degraded the parent compound at the µg/L-mg/L level and resulted in transformation products with lower toxicity than the parent compound. A direct positive correlation was observed between the applied UV dose (fluence, J/cm2), the disappearance of tebuconazole, and the decrease in ecotoxicity. The combined VUV/UVC process does not require addition of supplementary oxidants or catalysts and our study suggests that VUV/UVC-mediated photolysis of azole fungicides in water can decrease the overall toxicity and represent a potentially environmentally friendly treatment method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oihane Del Puerto
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, 9200, Aalborg, Denmark
| | | | - Claudio Medana
- Dipartimento Di Biotechnologie Molecolari E Scienze Della Salute, Università Di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | | | - Peter Roslev
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, 9200, Aalborg, Denmark.
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