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Xu L, Dai H, Wei S, Skuza L, Shi J. High-efficiency combination washing agents with eco-friendliness simultaneously removing Cd, Cu and Ni from soil of e-waste recycling site: A lab-scale experiment. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 357:142047. [PMID: 38621485 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Soil washing technology plays an important role in the removal of heavy metals, and the efficacy of this process depends on the washing agent used. Due to the difficulty in treating soils contaminated by multiple heavy metals, there is still a need for further exploration of efficient washing agents with low environmental impact. Although single washing agents, such as chelators, can also effectively remove heavy metals from soil, combining efficient washing agents and determining their optimal washing conditions can effectively improve their removal efficiency for multiple heavy metals in soil simultaneously. Based on the previous research, the present study was carried out to combine different types of washing agents to remediate contaminated soils at a commonly e-waste recycling site. The objectives were to investigate their efficient washing conditions and assess the impact of the washing process on the speciation distribution and pollution level associated with heavy metals in soil. The results showed that the combination of HEDP (1-hydroxyethylidene-1,1-diphosphonic acid) and FeCl3 at a ratio of 6:4 exhibited the most effective removal of Cd, Cu and Ni from the contaminated soil at an e-waste recycling site. Under optimal washing conditions, with a soil-to-liquid ratio of 1:20 and a washing time of 48 h, the removal rates of Cd, Cu and Ni were 96.72%, 69.91% and 76.08%, respectively. It needed to be emphasized that the combination washing agents were able to remove most of the acid-soluble, reducible and oxidizable fractions of heavy metals, and even the removal rates of the stable residual fraction (e.g., of Cd) was at a relatively high level. In addition, the washing process significantly reduced the pollution level associated with heavy metals in soil. This study aid in the development of combined efficient washing agents and explores optimal washing strategies for the remediation of Cd, Cu, and Ni-contaminated soil at e-waste recycling sites. The findings may play a role in enhancing the remediation capabilities for soils contaminated with multiple heavy metals, due to its characteristics of and high-efficiency and environmental friendliness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, 266520, China
| | - Huiping Dai
- College of Biological Science & Engineering, Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources, Qinling-Bashan Mountains Bioresources Comprehensive Development C.I.C, State Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecological Environment Jointly Built by Qinba Province and Ministry, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, 723001, China.
| | - Shuhe Wei
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environment Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China.
| | - Lidia Skuza
- Institute of Biology, Centre for Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Szczecin, Szczecin, 71-415, Poland
| | - Jiachun Shi
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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2
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Xu L, Xie W, Dai H, Wei S, Skuza L, Li J, Shi C, Zhang L. Effects of combined microplastics and heavy metals pollution on terrestrial plants and rhizosphere environment: A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 358:142107. [PMID: 38657695 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) can enter the soil environment through industry, agricultural production and daily life sources. Their interaction with heavy metals (HMs) poses a significant threat to a variety of terrestrial ecosystems, including agricultural ones, thereby affecting crop quality and threatening human health. This review initially addresses the impact of single and combined contamination with MPs and HMs on soil environment, including changes in soil physicochemical properties, microbial community structure and diversity, fertility, enzyme activity and resistance genes, as well as alterations in heavy metal speciation. The article further explores the effects of this pollution on the growth characteristics of terrestrial plants, such as plant biomass, antioxidant systems, metabolites and photosynthesis. In general, the combined contaminants tend to significantly affect soil environment and terrestrial plant growth, i.e., the impact of combined contaminants on plants weight ranged from -87.5% to 4.55%. Similarities and differences in contamination impact levels stem from the variations in contaminant types, sizes and doses of contaminants and the specific plant growth environments. In addition, MPs can not only infiltrate plants directly, but also significantly affect the accumulation of HMs in terrestrial plants. The heavy metals concentration in plants under the treatment of MPs were 70.26%-36.80%. The co-occurrence of these two pollution types can pose a serious threat to crop productivity and safety. Finally, this study proposes suggestions for future research aiming to address current gaps in knowledge, raises awareness about the impact of combined MPs + HMs pollution on plant growth and eco-environmental security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, 266520, China
| | - Wenjun Xie
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, 266520, China.
| | - Huiping Dai
- College of Biological Science & Engineering, Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Bio-resources, Qinling-Bashan Mountains Bioresources Comprehensive Development C.I.C, State Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecological Environment Jointly Built By Qinba Province and Ministry, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, 723001, China
| | - Shuhe Wei
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environment Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China.
| | - Lidia Skuza
- Institute of Biology, Centre for Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Szczecin, Szczecin, 71-415, Poland
| | - Jianan Li
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, 266520, China
| | - Cailing Shi
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, 266520, China
| | - Lichang Zhang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, 266520, China
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3
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Xiao W, Yang Y, Tang N, Huang X, Zhang Q, Zhao S, Chen D, Guo B, Zhao Z, Jiang Y, Ye X. Innovative accumulative risk assessment of co-exposure to Cd, As, and Pb in contaminated rice based on their in vivo bioavailability and in vitro bioaccessibility. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:168922. [PMID: 38030010 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
The consumption of cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), and lead (Pb) co-contaminated rice exposes humans to multiple heavy metals simultaneously, with relative bioavailability (RBA) and bioaccessibility (BAc) being important determinants of potential health risks. This study evaluated the relationship between in vivo RBA and in vitro BAc of Cd, As, and Pb in rice and their cumulative risk to humans. A total of 110 rice samples were collected in Zhejiang Province, China, and 10 subsamples with varying concentration gradients were randomly selected to measure RBA using a mouse model (liver, kidney, femur, blood, and urine as endpoints) and BAc using four in vitro assays (PBET, UBM, SBRC, and IVG). Our results indicated that Cd-RBA varied from 21.2 % to 67.5 %, As-RBA varied from 23.2 % to 69.3 %, and Pb-RBA varied from 22.2 % to 68.9 % based on mouse liver plus kidneys. The BAc values for Cd, As, and Pb in rice varied according to the assay. Compared to Cd and As, Pb exhibited a lower BAc in the gastric (GP) and intestinal (IP) phases. According to the relationship between the BAc and RBA values, IVG-GP (R2 = 0.92), SBRC-IP (R2 = 0.73), and UBM-GP (R2 = 0.80) could be used as predictors of Cd-, As-, and Pb-RBA in rice, respectively. The health risks associated with co-exposure to Cd, As, and Pb in contaminated rice for both adults and children exceeded the acceptable threshold, with Cd and As being the primary risk factors. The noncarcinogenic and carcinogenic risks were markedly reduced when the RBA and BAc values were incorporated into the risk assessment. Due to the risk overestimation inherent in estimating the risk level based on total metal concentration, our study provides a realistic assessment of the cumulative health risks associated with co-exposure to Cd, As, and Pb in contaminated rice using in vivo RBA and in vitro BAc bioassays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendan Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Yonggui Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Ning Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Xiaolei Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Shouping Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - De Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Bin Guo
- Institute of Environment, Resource, Soil and Fertilizers, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Zhen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Yugen Jiang
- Hangzhou Fuyang District Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Fuyang 311400, China
| | - Xuezhu Ye
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
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4
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Liu H, Lv J, Yang Y. Recyclable water-modified deep eutectic solvents for removal of multiple heavy metals from soil. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 350:141141. [PMID: 38185420 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Removing heavy metals from soil has always been a challenge in terms of safety and effectiveness. Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are recognized as environmentally friendly reagents with great potential in the removal of heavy metals from soil. In this study, water was introduced as a third component to form new ternary deep eutectic water solvents (DEWSs) to improve their performance. The removal capacity, applicable conditions and mechanisms of sixteen DEWSs for heavy metals were systematically investigated. Experimental results showed that the presence of water significantly enhanced the removal efficiency of three DESs (Choline chloride plus Urea, DEU; Choline chloride plus l-lactic acid, DELA; and Choline chloride plus Ethylene glycol, DEEG) for heavy metals. However, as the molar ratio of water increased, the eutectic systems in the DEWSs weakened and eventually disappeared. Under optimum conditions, DEWLA7 (DELA : H2O = 2 : 8) showed the highest removal rate for cadmium, lead, copper and zinc, which were 43.42%, 94.73%, 90.72% and 96.44%, respectively. Hydrogen bonding, adsorption of oxygen functional groups, exchangeable hydrogen substitution, changes in viscosity properties and co-precipitation all contributed to the removal of heavy metals by DEWLA7. Notably, DEWLA7 had no significant effect on the content of major minerals and nutrients in the soil. Furthermore, DEWLA7 proved to be reusable for soil washing, and still retains a high removal rate of 37.32%-83.66% after multi-stage filtration treatment. Therefore, DEWLA7 was an unexplored and excellent soil washing agent with great potential in economic and social benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hexiang Liu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, China
| | - Jialong Lv
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, China.
| | - Yajun Yang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, China.
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5
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Rahman S, Rahman IMM, Hasegawa H. Management of arsenic-contaminated excavated soils: A review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 346:118943. [PMID: 37748284 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Ongoing global sustainable development and underground space utilization projects have inadvertently exposed many excavated soils naturally contaminated with geogenic arsenic (As). Recent investigations have revealed that As in certain excavated soils, especially those originating from deep construction projects, has exceeded regulatory limits, threatening the environment and human health. While numerous remediation techniques exist for treating As-contaminated soil, the unique characteristics of geogenic As contamination in excavated soil require specific measures when leachable As content surpasses established regulatory limits. Consequently, several standard leaching tests have been developed globally to assess As leaching from contaminated soil. However, a comprehensive comparative analysis of these methods and their implementation in contaminated excavated soils remains lacking. Furthermore, the suitability and efficacy of most conventional and advanced techniques for remediating As-contaminated excavated soils remained unexplored. Therefore, this study critically reviews relevant literature and summarize recent research findings concerning the management and mitigation of geogenic As in naturally contaminated excavated soil. The objective of this study was to outline present status of excavated soil globally, the extent and mode of As enrichment, management and mitigation approaches for As-contaminated soil, global excavated soil recycling strategies, and relevant soil contamination countermeasure laws. Additionally, the study provides a concise overview and comparison of standard As leaching tests developed across different countries. Furthermore, this review assessed the suitability of prominent and widely accepted As remediation techniques based on their applicability, acceptability, cost-effectiveness, duration, and overall treatment efficiency. This comprehensive review contributes to a more profound comprehension of the challenges linked to geogenic As contamination in excavated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shafiqur Rahman
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan.
| | - Ismail M M Rahman
- Institute of Environmental Radioactivity, Fukushima University, 1 Kanayagawa, Fukushima City, Fukushima, 960-1296, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Hasegawa
- Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan.
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6
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Zhao F, Han Y, Shi H, Wang G, Zhou M, Chen Y. Arsenic in the hyperaccumulator Pteris vittata: A review of benefits, toxicity, and metabolism. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 896:165232. [PMID: 37392892 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) is a toxic metalloid, elevated levels of which in soils are becoming a major global environmental issue that poses potential health risks to humans. Pteris vittata, the first known As hyperaccumulator, has been successfully used to remediate As-polluted soils. Understanding why and how P. vittata hyperaccumulates As is the core theoretical basis of As phytoremediation technology. In this review, we highlight the beneficial effects of As in P. vittata, including growth promotion, elemental defense, and other potential benefits. The stimulated growth of P. vittata induced by As can be defined as As hormesis, but differs from that in non-hyperaccumulators in some aspects. Furthermore, the As coping mechanisms of P. vittata, including As uptake, reduction, efflux, translocation, and sequestration/detoxification are discussed. We hypothesize that P. vittata has evolved strong As uptake and translocation capacities to obtain beneficial effects from As, which gradually leads to As accumulation. During this process, P. vittata has developed a strong As vacuolar sequestration ability to detoxify overloaded As, which enables it to accumulate extremely high As concentrations in its fronds. This review also provides insights into several important research gaps that need to be addressed to advance our understanding of As hyperaccumulation in P. vittata from the perspective of the benefits of As.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Zhao
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Engineering Lab of Water and Soil Eco-remediation, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yu Han
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Engineering Lab of Water and Soil Eco-remediation, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hongyi Shi
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Engineering Lab of Water and Soil Eco-remediation, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Guoxiang Wang
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Engineering Lab of Water and Soil Eco-remediation, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Mingxi Zhou
- Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.
| | - Yanshan Chen
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Engineering Lab of Water and Soil Eco-remediation, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
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7
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Lv T, Xu X, Lv G, Xu C, Wang G, Zhang S, Yang Z, Cheng Z, Cai J, Li T, Pu Y, Gan W, Pu Z, Xiao G. Green remediation of Ni, Zn, and Cu in an electroplating contaminated site by wood vinegar with optimization and risk assessment. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 261:115108. [PMID: 37285674 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Wood vinegar (WV) is a renewable organic compound, possessing characteristics such as high oxygenated compound content and low negative impact on soil. Based on its weak acid properties and complexing ability to potentially toxic elements (PTEs), WV was used to leach Ni, Zn, and Cu contaminated soil in electroplating sites. In addition, the response surface methodology (RSM) based on the Box-Behnken design (BBD) was established to clarify the interaction between each single factor, and finally completed the risk assessment of the soil. The amounts of PTEs leached from the soil climbed with the increase of WV concentration, liquid-solid ratio, and leaching time, while they surged with the decrease of pH. Under optimal leaching circumstances (the concentration of WV= 100 %; washing time= 919 min; pH= 1.00), the removal rates of Ni, Zn, and Cu could reach 91.7 %, 57.8 %, and 65.0 %, respectively, and the WV-extracted PTEs were mainly from the Fe-Mn oxides fraction. After leaching, the Nemerow integrated pollution index (NIPI) decreased from an initial value of 7.08 (indicating severe pollution) to 0.450 (indicating no pollution). The potential ecological risk index (RI) dropped from 274 (medium level) to 39.1 (low level). Additionally, the potential carcinogenic risk (CR) values reduced by 93.9 % for both adults and children. The results revealed that the washing process significantly reduced the pollution level, potential ecological risk, and health risk. Coupled with FTIR and SEM-EDS analysis, the mechanism of WV removal of PTEs could be explained from three aspects: acid activation, H+ ion exchange, and functional group complexation. In summary, WV is an eco-friendly and high-efficiency leaching material for the remediation of PTEs polluted sites, which will maintain soil function and protect human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianying Lv
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiaoxun Xu
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Soil Environment Protection of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Guochun Lv
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Changlian Xu
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Guiyin Wang
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Soil Environment Protection of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Shirong Zhang
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Soil Environment Protection of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zhanbiao Yang
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Soil Environment Protection of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zhang Cheng
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Junzhuo Cai
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Ting Li
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yulin Pu
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Wenzhi Gan
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zhien Pu
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Guangli Xiao
- Sichuan Keyuan Engineering Technology Testing Center Co., LTD, Chengdu 611130, China
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Cao C, Xu X, Wang G, Yang Z, Cheng Z, Zhang S, Li T, Pu Y, Lv G, Xu C, Cai J, Zhou W, Li F, Pu Z, Li X. Characterization of ionic liquids removing heavy metals from electroplating sludge: Influencing factors, optimisation strategies and reaction mechanisms. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 324:138309. [PMID: 36889480 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The disposal of electroplating sludge (ES) is a common concern of researchers. Currently, it is difficult to achieve effective fixation of heavy metals (HMs) using traditional ES treatment. As green and effective HMs removal agents, ionic liquids can be used for the disposal of ES. In this study, 1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazole hydrogen sulphate ([Bmim]HSO4) and 1-propyl sulphonic acid-3-methyl imidazole hydrogen sulphate ([PrSO3Hmim]HSO4) were used as washing solvents for the removal of Cr, Ni, and Cu from ES. In reaction with increased agent concentration, solid-liquid ratio, and duration, the amount of HMs eliminated from ES rises, whereas opposite patterns were shown in response to rising pH. The quadratic orthogonal regression optimisation analysis also revealed that the ideal washing specifications for [Bmim]HSO4 were 60 g L-1, 1:40, and 60 min, respectively, for agent concentration, solid-liquid ratio, and washing time, while those for [PrSO3Hmim]HSO4 were 60 g L-1, 1:35, and 60 min, respectively. Under the optimal experimental conditions, the Cr, Ni, and Cu removal efficiencies for [Bmim]HSO4 were 84.3, 78.6, and 89.7%, respectively, and those values for [PrSO3Hmim]HSO4 were 99.8, 90.1, and 91.3%, respectively. This was mainly attributed to that ionic liquids enhance metal desorption through acid solubilisation, chelation, and electrostatic attraction. Overall, ionic liquids are reliable washing reagents for ES contaminated by HMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenchen Cao
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xiaoxun Xu
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Soil Environment Protection of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 611130, China.
| | - Guiyin Wang
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Soil Environment Protection of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Zhanbiao Yang
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Soil Environment Protection of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Zhang Cheng
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Shirong Zhang
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Soil Environment Protection of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Ting Li
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yulin Pu
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Guochun Lv
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Changlian Xu
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Junzhuo Cai
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Feng Li
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Zhien Pu
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xiaofan Li
- Environmental Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
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9
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Wei J, Tu C, Xia F, Yang L, Chen Q, Chen Y, Deng S, Yuan G, Wang H, Jeyakumar P, Bhatnagar A. Enhanced removal of arsenic and cadmium from contaminated soils using a soluble humic substance coupled with chemical reductant. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 220:115120. [PMID: 36563980 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.115120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Soil washing is an efficient, economical, and green remediation technology for removing several heavy metal (loid)s from contaminated industrial sites. The extraction of green and efficient washing agents from low-cost feedback is crucially important. In this study, a soluble humic substance (HS) extracted from leonardite was first tested to wash soils (red soil, fluvo-aquic soil, and black soil) heavily contaminated with arsenic (As) and cadmium (Cd). A D-optimal mixture design was investigated to optimize the washing parameters. The optimum removal efficiencies of As and Cd by single HS washing were found to be 52.58%-60.20% and 58.52%-86.69%, respectively. Furthermore, a two-step sequential washing with chemical reductant NH2OH•HCl coupled with HS (NH2OH•HCl + HS) was performed to improve the removal efficiency of As and Cd. The two-step sequential washing significantly enhanced the removal of As and Cd to 75.25%-81.53% and 64.53%-97.64%, which makes the residual As and Cd in soil below the risk control standards for construction land. The two-step sequential washing also effectively controlled the mobility and bioavailability of residual As and Cd. However, the activities of soil catalase and urease significantly decreased after the NH2OH•HCl + HS washing. Follow-up measures such as soil neutralization could be applied to relieve and restore the soil enzyme activity. In general, the two-step sequential soil washing with NH2OH•HCl + HS is a fast and efficient method for simultaneously removing high content of As and Cd from contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wei
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Management and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing, 210042, Jiangsu, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Health and Land Resource, Guangdong Technology and Equipment Research Center for Soil and Water Pollution Control, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing, 526061, Guangdong, China
| | - Chen Tu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Feiyang Xia
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Management and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing, 210042, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lu Yang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Management and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing, 210042, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiang Chen
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Management and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing, 210042, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yun Chen
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Management and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing, 210042, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shaopo Deng
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Management and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing, 210042, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Guodong Yuan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Health and Land Resource, Guangdong Technology and Equipment Research Center for Soil and Water Pollution Control, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing, 526061, Guangdong, China
| | - Hailong Wang
- Biochar Engineering Technology Research Center of Guangdong Province, School of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, 528000, China
| | - Paramsothy Jeyakumar
- Environmental Science Group, School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
| | - Amit Bhatnagar
- Department of Separation Science, LUT School of Engineering Science, LUT University, Sammonkatu 12, Mikkeli, FI-50130, Finland
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Zhang X, Liu T, Zhang J, Zhu L. Potential Mechanism of Long-Term Immobilization of Pb/Cd by Layered Double Hydroxide Doped Chicken-Manure Biochar. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:867. [PMID: 36613194 PMCID: PMC9819711 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Layered double hydroxide (LDH)-doped chicken-manure biochar (CMB) with long-term stability was synthesized to immobilize Pb/Cd. MgAl-Cl-LDH-doped CMB (MHs) showed prominent long-term oxidation resistance and the least biodegradation sensitivity. Efficient Pb/Cd adsorption was observed on MHs, and the maximum adsorption capacities of Pb(II)/Cd(II) reached 1.95 mmol/g and 0.65 mmol/g, respectively. Precipitation and isomorphous substitution were identified as the key adsorption mechanisms, which formed highly stable Pb/Cd species (PbAl-CO3-LDH, Pb3(OH)2CO3, CdAl-Cl-LDH and CdCO3). Pb(II) and Cd(II) precipitated with CO32- in MHs; meanwhile, Mg(II) and Ca(II) in LDH layers were substituted by Pb(II) and Cd(II) respectively. Therefore, MHs had the potential for long-term stability of Pb/Cd. Moreover, complexation and electrostatic adsorption also contributed to the Pb/Cd immobilization to a certain extent. When 5% MHs (w/w) was applied to Pb/Cd contaminated smelting site soils, the soil pH increased from 5.9 to 7.3. After applying MHs for 25 d, the content of bioavailable Pb(II) and Cd(II) decreased by 98.8% and 85.2%, respectively, and the content of soluble Pb and Cd dropped by 99.5% and 96.7%. This study paves the way for designing a novel LDH doped CMB as efficient Pb/Cd immobilizers for smelting site soils.
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