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Fuchs B, Helander M, Saikkonen K, Dobrev PI, Vankova R, Blande JD, Salminen JP, Luntamo N, Muola A. Plant metabolic responses to soil herbicide residues differ under herbivory in two woodland strawberry genotypes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 946:174198. [PMID: 38914330 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
The use of glyphosate-based herbicides (GBHs) to control weeds has increased exponentially in recent decades, and their residues and degradation products have been found in soils across the globe. GBH residues in soil have been shown to affect plant physiology and specialised metabolite biosynthesis, which, in turn, may impact plant resistance to biotic stressors. In a greenhouse study, we investigated the interactive effects between soil GBH residues and herbivory on the performance, phytohormone concentrations, phenolic compound concentrations and volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions of two woodland strawberry (Fragaria vesca) genotypes, which were classified as herbivore resistant and herbivore susceptible. Plants were subjected to herbivory by strawberry leaf beetle (Galerucella tenella) larvae, and to GBH residues by growing in soil collected from a field site with GBH treatments twice a year over the past eight years. Soil GBH residues reduced the belowground biomass of the susceptible genotype and the aboveground biomass of both woodland strawberry genotypes. Herbivory increased the belowground biomass of the resistant genotype and the root-shoot ratio of both genotypes. At the metabolite level, herbivory induced the emission of several VOCs. Jasmonic acid, abscisic acid and auxin concentrations were induced by herbivory, in contrast to salicylic acid, which was only induced by herbivory in combination with soil GBH residues in the resistant genotype. The concentrations of phenolic compounds were higher in the resistant genotype compared to the susceptible genotype and were induced by soil GBH residues in the resistant genotype. Our results indicate that soil GBH residues can differentially affect plant performance, phytohormone concentrations and phenolic compound concentrations under herbivore attack, in a genotype-dependent manner. Soil GBH altered plant responses to herbivory, which may impact plant resistance traits and species interactions. With ongoing agrochemical pollution, we need to consider plant cultivars with better resistance to polluted soils while maintaining plant resilience under challenging environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Fuchs
- Biodiversity Unit, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland.
| | - Marjo Helander
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Kari Saikkonen
- Biodiversity Unit, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Petre I Dobrev
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulations in Plants, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojova 263, 16502 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Radomira Vankova
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulations in Plants, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojova 263, 16502 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - James D Blande
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Juha-Pekka Salminen
- Natural Chemistry Research Group, Department of Chemistry, FI-20014, University of Turku, Finland
| | - Niko Luntamo
- Natural Chemistry Research Group, Department of Chemistry, FI-20014, University of Turku, Finland
| | - Anne Muola
- Biodiversity Unit, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland; Division of Biotechnology and Plant Health, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Ås, Norway
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Fuchs B, Saikkonen K, Damerau A, Yang B, Helander M. Herbicide residues in soil decrease microbe-mediated plant protection. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2023; 25:571-578. [PMID: 36920172 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The residues of glyphosate are found to remain in soils longer than previously reported, affecting rhizosphere microbes. This may adversely affect crop and other non-target plants because the plant's resilience and resistance largely rely on plant-associated microbes. Ubiquitous glyphosate residues in soil and how they impact mutualistic microbes inhabiting the aboveground plant parts are largely unexplored. We studied the effects of herbicide residues in soil on Epichloë sp., which are common endophytic symbionts inhabiting aerial parts of cool-season grasses. In this symbiosis, the obligate symbiont subsists entirely on its host plant, and in exchange, it provides alkaloids conferring resistance to herbivores for the host grass that invests little in its own chemical defence. We first show decreased growth of Epichloë endophytes in vitro when directly exposed to two concentrations of glyphosate or glyphosate-based herbicides. Second, we provide evidence for a reduction of Epichloë-derived, insect-toxic loline alkaloids in endophyte-symbiotic meadow fescue (F. pratensis) plants growing in soil with a glyphosate history. Plants were grown for 2 years in an open field site, and natural herbivore infestation was correlated with the glyphosate-mediated reduction of loline alkaloid concentrations. Our findings indicate that herbicides residing in soil not only affect rhizosphere microbiota but also aerial plant endophyte functionality, which emphasizes the destructive effects of glyphosate on plant symbiotic microbes, here with cascading effects on plant-pest insect interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Fuchs
- Biodiversity Unit, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - K Saikkonen
- Biodiversity Unit, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - A Damerau
- Food Chemistry and Food Development, Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - B Yang
- Food Chemistry and Food Development, Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - M Helander
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Chen Y, Lv X, Qin Y, Zhang D, Zhang C, Song Z, Liu D, Jiang L, Huang B, Wang J. Effects of different botanical oil meal mixed with cow manure organic fertilizers on soil microbial community and function and tobacco yield and quality. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1191059. [PMID: 37303792 PMCID: PMC10248155 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1191059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The continuous application of cow manure in soil for many years leads to the accumulation of heavy metals, pathogenic microorganisms, and antibiotic resistance genes. Therefore, in recent years, cow manure has often been mixed with botanical oil meal as organic fertilizer applied to farmland to improve soil and crop quality. However, the effects of various botanical oil meal and cow manure mixed organic fertilizers on soil microbial composition, community structure, and function, tobacco yield, and quality remain unclear. Methods Therefore, we prepared organic manure via solid fermentation by mixing cow manure with different oil meals (soybean meal, rape meal, peanut bran, sesame meal). Then, we studied its effects on soil microbial community structure and function, physicochemical properties, enzyme activities, tobacco yield and quality; then we analyzed the correlations between these factors. Results and discussion Compared with cow manure alone, the four kinds of mixed botanical oil meal and cow manure improved the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco to different degrees. Peanut bran, which significantly improved the soil available phosphorus, available potassium, and NO3--N, was the best addition. Compared with cow manure alone, soil fungal diversity was significantly decreased when rape meal or peanut bran was combined with cow manure, while soil bacterial and fungal abundance was significantly increased when rape meal was added compared with soybean meal or peanut bran. The addition of different botanical oil meals significantly enriched the subgroup_7 and Spingomonas bacteria and Chaetomium and Penicillium fungi in the soil. The relative abundances of functional genes of xenobiotics biodegradation and metabolism, soil endophytic fungi, and wood saprotroph functional groups increased. In addition, alkaline phosphatase had the greatest effect on soil microorganisms, while NO3--N had the least effect on soil microorganisms. In conclusion, the mixed application of cow manure and botanical oil meal increased the available phosphorus and potassium contents in soil; enriched beneficial microorganisms; promoted the metabolic function of soil microorganisms; increased the yield and quality of tobacco; and improved the soil microecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Chen
- Pest Integrated Management Key Laboratory of China Tobacco, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaolin Lv
- Pest Integrated Management Key Laboratory of China Tobacco, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Yanmin Qin
- Jiangxi Provincial Tobacco Company, Fuzhou, China
| | - Deping Zhang
- Guangxi Provincial Tobacco Company, Nanning, China
| | | | | | - Dongyang Liu
- Sichuan Provincial Tobacco Company Liangshanzhou Company, Liangshanzhou, China
| | - Lianqiang Jiang
- Sichuan Provincial Tobacco Company Liangshanzhou Company, Liangshanzhou, China
| | - Bin Huang
- Pest Integrated Management Key Laboratory of China Tobacco, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Pest Integrated Management Key Laboratory of China Tobacco, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
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Kumar V, Khan A, Srivastava A, Saxena G. Toxicity assessment of metribuzin and its amelioration through plant growth regulators in Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:33307-33321. [PMID: 36478549 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24534-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The present experiment was conducted to evaluate the metribuzin-induced stress response in Vigna radiata and to explore the ameliorative role of exogenous application of plant growth regulators (PGRs) against metribuzin toxicity by assessing important biochemical and yield parameters. Prior to the field experiment, dose standardization experiments were performed, and EC50 was calculated for metribuzin. On day 21, field grown V. radiata plants were treated with graded concentrations of metribuzin (0-1000 mg [Formula: see text]). Plants treated with 600 mg [Formula: see text] (EC50) and 1000 mg [Formula: see text] (highest dose) of metribuzin were co-treated individually and simultaneously with gibberellic acid-3 (GA), indole-3 acetic acid (IAA), and salicylic acid (SA). After 7 days of treatment, leaf tissues were analyzed for biochemical parameters, whereas those related to yield were recorded during harvest. The result of this study indicated that metribuzin treatment to V. radiata resulted in increase in lipid peroxidation and reduce chlorophyll and carotenoid contents as well as yield parameters. However, metribuzin-treated plants induced proline accumulation and activity of antioxidant enzymes. Exogenous application of GA, IAA, and SA significantly reduced lipid peroxidation and increased contents of photosynthetic pigments, proline, and antioxidant enzymes thereby increasing yield parameters. It was observed that during metribuzin stress, SA exhibited a better ameliorative response out of the three exogenously applied PGRs, while the combined use of all PGRs exhibited much improved ameliorative response on biochemical and yield parameters of plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaibhav Kumar
- In Vitro Culture and Plant Genetics Unit, Department of Botany, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, 226007, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Adiba Khan
- In Vitro Culture and Plant Genetics Unit, Department of Botany, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, 226007, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Alka Srivastava
- In Vitro Culture and Plant Genetics Unit, Department of Botany, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, 226007, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Gauri Saxena
- In Vitro Culture and Plant Genetics Unit, Department of Botany, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, 226007, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Mathew SA, Fuchs B, Nissinen R, Helander M, Puigbò P, Saikkonen K, Muola A. Glyphosate-based herbicide use affects individual microbial taxa in strawberry endosphere but not the microbial community composition. J Appl Microbiol 2023; 134:6987274. [PMID: 36639128 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxad006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
AIMS In a field study, the effects of treatments of glyphosate-based herbicides (GBHs) in soil, alone and in combination with phosphate fertilizer, were examined on the performance and endophytic microbiota of garden strawberry. METHODS AND RESULTS The root and leaf endophytic microbiota of garden strawberries grown in GBH-treated and untreated soil, with and without phosphate fertilizer, were analyzed. Next, bioinformatics analysis on the type of 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase enzyme was conducted to assess the potential sensitivity of strawberry-associated bacteria and fungi to glyphosate, and to compare the results with field observations. GBH treatments altered the abundance and/or frequency of several operational taxonomic units (OTUs), especially those of root-associated fungi and bacteria. These changes were partly related to their sensitivity to glyphosate. Still, GBH treatments did not shape the overall community structure of strawberry microbiota or affect plant performance. Phosphate fertilizer increased the abundance of both glyphosate-resistant and glyphosate-sensitive bacterial OTUs, regardless of the GBH treatments. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate that although the overall community structure of strawberry endophytic microbes is not affected by GBH use, some individual taxa are.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suni Anie Mathew
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Benjamin Fuchs
- Biodiversity Unit, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Riitta Nissinen
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Marjo Helander
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Pere Puigbò
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland.,Nutrition and Health Unit, Eurecat Technology Centre of Catalonia, 43204 Reus, Catalonia.,Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Rovira i Virgili University, 43007 Tarragona, Catalonia
| | - Kari Saikkonen
- Biodiversity Unit, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Anne Muola
- Biodiversity Unit, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland.,Division of Biotechnology and Plant Health, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, 9016 Tromsø, Norway
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