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2-Hexadecenal Regulates ROS Production and Induces Apoptosis in Polymorphonuclear Leucocytes. Cell Biochem Biophys 2023; 81:77-86. [PMID: 36418741 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-022-01117-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
2-Hexadecenal (2-HD)-a biologically active long-chain fatty aldehyde formed in organism enzymatically or nonenzymatically in the reaction of free-radical destruction of sphingolipids under the action of hypochlorous acid, producing by myeloperoxidase. This research aimed to study 2-HD effects on polymorphonuclear leukocytes' (PMNLs) functions. It has been shown that at submicromolar concentrations, 2-HD causes an elevation in ROS production by PMNLs. It has been found that such effect is associated with signal transduction pathways modification and expressed in elevation of NADPH oxidase, MPO, and JNK-MAPK contributions to this process. At higher concentrations, 2-HD induces apoptosis, which correlates with a significant increase in free Ca2+ in the cytoplasm, a decrease in ROS production, and a decline in mitochondrial potential. Both of these processes are accompanied by cytoskeleton reorganization.
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2
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Barker-Tejeda TC, Villaseñor A, Gonzalez-Riano C, López-López Á, Gradillas A, Barbas C. In vitro generation of oxidized standards for lipidomics. Application to major membrane lipid components. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1651:462254. [PMID: 34118530 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Membrane lipids (sphingolipids, glycerophospholipids, cardiolipins, and cholesteryl esters) are critical in cellular functions. Alterations in the levels of oxidized counterparts of some of these lipids have been linked to the onset and development of many pathologies. Unfortunately, the scarce commercial availability of chemically defined oxidized lipids is a limitation for accurate quantitative analysis, characterization of oxidized composition, or testing their biological effects in lipidomic studies. To address this dearth of standards, several approaches rely on in-house prepared mixtures of oxidized species generated under in vitro conditions from different sources - non-oxidized commercial standards, liposomes, micelles, cells, yeasts, and human preparations - and using different oxidant systems - UVA radiation, air exposure, enzymatic or chemical oxidant systems, among others. Moreover, high-throughput analytical techniques such as liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS) have provided evidence of their capabilities to study oxidized lipids both in in vitro models and complex biological samples. In this review, we describe the commercial resources currently available, the in vitro strategies carried out for obtaining oxidized lipids as standards for LC-MS analysis, and their applications in lipidomics studies, specifically for lipids found in cell and mitochondria membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomás Clive Barker-Tejeda
- Centre for Metabolomics and Bioanalysis (CEMBIO), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28660 Boadilla del Monte, Madrid. Spain; Institute of Applied Molecular Medicine (IMMA), Department of Basic Medical Science, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28660 Boadilla del Monte, Madrid. Spain.
| | - Alma Villaseñor
- Centre for Metabolomics and Bioanalysis (CEMBIO), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28660 Boadilla del Monte, Madrid. Spain; Institute of Applied Molecular Medicine (IMMA), Department of Basic Medical Science, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28660 Boadilla del Monte, Madrid. Spain.
| | - Carolina Gonzalez-Riano
- Centre for Metabolomics and Bioanalysis (CEMBIO), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28660 Boadilla del Monte, Madrid. Spain.
| | - Ángeles López-López
- Centre for Metabolomics and Bioanalysis (CEMBIO), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28660 Boadilla del Monte, Madrid. Spain.
| | - Ana Gradillas
- Centre for Metabolomics and Bioanalysis (CEMBIO), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28660 Boadilla del Monte, Madrid. Spain.
| | - Coral Barbas
- Centre for Metabolomics and Bioanalysis (CEMBIO), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28660 Boadilla del Monte, Madrid. Spain.
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3
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Petroff JT, Isor A, Chintala SM, Albert CJ, Franke JD, Weinstein D, Omlid SM, Arnatt CK, Ford DA, McCulla RD. In vitro oxidations of low-density lipoprotein and RAW 264.7 cells with lipophilic O( 3P)-precursors. RSC Adv 2020; 10:26553-26565. [PMID: 35519784 PMCID: PMC9055398 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra01517b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A beneficial property of photogenerated reactive oxygen species (ROS) is the capability of oxidant generation within a specific location or organelle inside a cell. Dibenzothiophene S-oxide (DBTO), which is known to undergo a photodeoxygenation reaction to generate ground state atomic oxygen [O(3P)] upon irradiation, was functionalized to afford localization within the plasma membrane of cells. The photochemistry, as it relates to oxidant generation, was studied and demonstrated that the functionalized DBTO derivatives generated O(3P). Irradiation of these lipophilic O(3P)-precursors in the presence of LDL and within RAW 264.7 cells afforded several oxidized lipid products (oxLP) in the form of aldehydes. The generation of a 2-hexadecenal (2-HDEA) was markedly increased in irradiations where O(3P) was putatively produced. The substantial generation of 2-HDEA is not known to accompany the production of other ROS. These cellular irradiation experiments demonstrate the potential of inducing oxidation with O(3P) in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- John T Petroff
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University St. Louis MO USA
| | - Ankita Isor
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University St. Louis MO USA
| | | | - Carolyn J Albert
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine St. Louis MO USA
| | - Jacob D Franke
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine St. Louis MO USA
| | - David Weinstein
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University St. Louis MO USA
| | - Sara M Omlid
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University St. Louis MO USA
| | | | - David A Ford
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine St. Louis MO USA
| | - Ryan D McCulla
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University St. Louis MO USA
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4
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Ebenezer DL, Fu P, Ramchandran R, Ha AW, Putherickal V, Sudhadevi T, Harijith A, Schumacher F, Kleuser B, Natarajan V. S1P and plasmalogen derived fatty aldehydes in cellular signaling and functions. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2020; 1865:158681. [PMID: 32171908 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2020.158681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Long-chain fatty aldehydes are present in low concentrations in mammalian cells and serve as intermediates in the interconversion between fatty acids and fatty alcohols. The long-chain fatty aldehydes are generated by enzymatic hydrolysis of 1-alkyl-, and 1-alkenyl-glycerophospholipids by alkylglycerol monooxygenase, plasmalogenase or lysoplasmalogenase while hydrolysis of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) by S1P lyase generates trans ∆2-hexadecenal (∆2-HDE). Additionally, 2-chloro-, and 2-bromo- fatty aldehydes are produced from plasmalogens or lysoplasmalogens by hypochlorous, and hypobromous acid generated by activated neutrophils and eosinophils, respectively while 2-iodofatty aldehydes are produced by excess iodine in thyroid glands. The 2-halofatty aldehydes and ∆2-HDE activated JNK signaling, BAX, cytoskeletal reorganization and apoptosis in mammalian cells. Further, 2-chloro- and 2-bromo-fatty aldehydes formed GSH and protein adducts while ∆2-HDE formed adducts with GSH, deoxyguanosine in DNA and proteins such as HDAC1 in vitro. ∆2-HDE also modulated HDAC activity and stimulated H3 and H4 histone acetylation in vitro with lung epithelial cell nuclear preparations. The α-halo fatty aldehydes elicited endothelial dysfunction, cellular toxicity and tissue damage. Taken together, these investigations suggest a new role for long-chain fatty aldehydes as signaling lipids, ability to form adducts with GSH, proteins such as HDACs and regulate cellular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- David L Ebenezer
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Panfeng Fu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Ramaswamy Ramchandran
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Alison W Ha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Vijay Putherickal
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Tara Sudhadevi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Anantha Harijith
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Fabian Schumacher
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, University of Potsdam, Germany; Department of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-, Essen, Germany
| | - Burkhard Kleuser
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, University of Potsdam, Germany
| | - Viswanathan Natarajan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, United States of America; Department of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, United States of America.
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5
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Goeritzer M, Bernhart E, Plastira I, Reicher H, Leopold C, Eichmann TO, Rechberger G, Madreiter-Sokolowski CT, Prasch J, Eller P, Graier WF, Kratky D, Malle E, Sattler W. Myeloperoxidase and Septic Conditions Disrupt Sphingolipid Homeostasis in Murine Brain Capillaries In Vivo and Immortalized Human Brain Endothelial Cells In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E1143. [PMID: 32050431 PMCID: PMC7037060 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21031143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
During inflammation, activated leukocytes release cytotoxic mediators that compromise blood-brain barrier (BBB) function. Under inflammatory conditions, myeloperoxidase (MPO) is critically involved in inflicting BBB damage. We used genetic and pharmacological approaches to investigate whether MPO induces aberrant lipid homeostasis at the BBB in a murine endotoxemia model. To corroborate findings in a human system we studied the impact of sera from sepsis and non-sepsis patients on brain endothelial cells (hCMEC/D3). In response to endotoxin, the fatty acid, ceramide, and sphingomyelin content of isolated mouse brain capillaries dropped and barrier dysfunction occurred. In mice, genetic deficiency or pharmacological inhibition of MPO abolished these alterations. Studies in metabolic cages revealed increased physical activity and less pronounced sickness behavior of MPO-/- compared to wild-type mice in response to sepsis. In hCMEC/D3 cells, exogenous tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) potently regulated gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and a set of genes involved in sphingolipid (SL) homeostasis. Notably, treatment of hCMEC/D3 cells with sera from septic patients reduced cellular ceramide concentrations and induced barrier and mitochondrial dysfunction. In summary, our in vivo and in vitro data revealed that inflammatory mediators including MPO, TNFα induce dysfunctional SL homeostasis in brain endothelial cells. Genetic and pharmacological inhibition of MPO attenuated endotoxin-induced alterations in SL homeostasis in vivo, highlighting the potential role of MPO as drug target to treat inflammation-induced brain dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine Goeritzer
- Division of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz 8010, Austria; (M.G.); (E.B.); (I.P.); (H.R.); (C.L.); (C.T.M.-S.); (J.P.); (W.F.G.); (D.K.); (E.M.)
- BioTechMed-Graz, Graz 8010, Austria; (T.O.E.); (G.R.)
| | - Eva Bernhart
- Division of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz 8010, Austria; (M.G.); (E.B.); (I.P.); (H.R.); (C.L.); (C.T.M.-S.); (J.P.); (W.F.G.); (D.K.); (E.M.)
| | - Ioanna Plastira
- Division of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz 8010, Austria; (M.G.); (E.B.); (I.P.); (H.R.); (C.L.); (C.T.M.-S.); (J.P.); (W.F.G.); (D.K.); (E.M.)
| | - Helga Reicher
- Division of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz 8010, Austria; (M.G.); (E.B.); (I.P.); (H.R.); (C.L.); (C.T.M.-S.); (J.P.); (W.F.G.); (D.K.); (E.M.)
| | - Christina Leopold
- Division of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz 8010, Austria; (M.G.); (E.B.); (I.P.); (H.R.); (C.L.); (C.T.M.-S.); (J.P.); (W.F.G.); (D.K.); (E.M.)
| | - Thomas O. Eichmann
- BioTechMed-Graz, Graz 8010, Austria; (T.O.E.); (G.R.)
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz 8010, Austria
- Center for Explorative Lipidomics, BioTechMed-Graz, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Gerald Rechberger
- BioTechMed-Graz, Graz 8010, Austria; (T.O.E.); (G.R.)
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz 8010, Austria
- Center for Explorative Lipidomics, BioTechMed-Graz, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Corina T. Madreiter-Sokolowski
- Division of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz 8010, Austria; (M.G.); (E.B.); (I.P.); (H.R.); (C.L.); (C.T.M.-S.); (J.P.); (W.F.G.); (D.K.); (E.M.)
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Schwerzenbach 8603, Switzerland
| | - Jürgen Prasch
- Division of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz 8010, Austria; (M.G.); (E.B.); (I.P.); (H.R.); (C.L.); (C.T.M.-S.); (J.P.); (W.F.G.); (D.K.); (E.M.)
| | - Philipp Eller
- Department of Internal Medicine, Intensive Care Unit, Medical University of Graz, Graz 8036, Austria;
| | - Wolfgang F. Graier
- Division of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz 8010, Austria; (M.G.); (E.B.); (I.P.); (H.R.); (C.L.); (C.T.M.-S.); (J.P.); (W.F.G.); (D.K.); (E.M.)
| | - Dagmar Kratky
- Division of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz 8010, Austria; (M.G.); (E.B.); (I.P.); (H.R.); (C.L.); (C.T.M.-S.); (J.P.); (W.F.G.); (D.K.); (E.M.)
- BioTechMed-Graz, Graz 8010, Austria; (T.O.E.); (G.R.)
| | - Ernst Malle
- Division of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz 8010, Austria; (M.G.); (E.B.); (I.P.); (H.R.); (C.L.); (C.T.M.-S.); (J.P.); (W.F.G.); (D.K.); (E.M.)
| | - Wolfgang Sattler
- Division of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz 8010, Austria; (M.G.); (E.B.); (I.P.); (H.R.); (C.L.); (C.T.M.-S.); (J.P.); (W.F.G.); (D.K.); (E.M.)
- BioTechMed-Graz, Graz 8010, Austria; (T.O.E.); (G.R.)
- Center for Explorative Lipidomics, BioTechMed-Graz, Graz 8010, Austria
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Amaegberi NV, Semenkova GN, Lisovskaya AG, Kvacheva ZB, Shadyro OI. Modification of Redox Processes in C6 Glioma Cells by 2-Hexadeсenal, the Product of Sphingolipid Destruction. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006350919030023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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7
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Lu Y, Jiang Y, Prokaeva T, Connors LH, Costello CE. Oxidative Post-Translational Modifications of an Amyloidogenic Immunoglobulin Light Chain Protein. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY 2017; 416:71-79. [PMID: 29358899 PMCID: PMC5774984 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijms.2016.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin light chain amyloidosis (AL) is a plasma cell disorder characterized by overproduction and deposition of monoclonal immunoglobulin (Ig) light chains (LC) or variable region fragments as amyloid fibrils in various organs and tissues. Much clinical evidence indicates that patients with AL amyloidosis sustain cardiomyocyte impairment and suffer from oxidative stress. We seek to understand the underlying biochemical pathways whose disruption or amplification during sporadic or sustained disease states leads to harmful physiological consequences and to determine the detailed structures of intermediates and products that serve as signposts for the biochemical changes and represent potential biomarkers. In this study, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry provided extensive evidence for oxidative post-translational modifications (PTMs) of an amyloidogenic Ig LC protein from a patient with AL amyloidosis. Some of the tyrosine residues were heavily mono- or di-chlorinated. In addition, a novel oxidative conversion to a nitrile moiety was observed for many of the terminal aminomethyl groups on lysine side chains. In vitro experiments using model peptides, in-solution oxidation, and click chemistry demonstrated that hypochlorous acid produced by the myeloperoxidase - hydrogen peroxide - chloride system could be responsible for these and other, more commonly observed modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Lu
- Center for Biomedical Mass Spectrometry, Boston University School of Medicine, 670 Albany Street, 5 fl, Boston, MA 02118 USA
| | - Yan Jiang
- Center for Biomedical Mass Spectrometry, Boston University School of Medicine, 670 Albany Street, 5 fl, Boston, MA 02118 USA
| | - Tatiana Prokaeva
- Alan and Sandra Gerry Amyloid Research Laboratory, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 East Concord Street, K-504, Boston, MA 02118 USA
| | - Lawreen H. Connors
- Alan and Sandra Gerry Amyloid Research Laboratory, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 East Concord Street, K-504, Boston, MA 02118 USA
| | - Catherine E. Costello
- Center for Biomedical Mass Spectrometry, Boston University School of Medicine, 670 Albany Street, 5 fl, Boston, MA 02118 USA
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8
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Bourdillon MT, Ford BA, Knulty AT, Gray CN, Zhang M, Ford D, McCulla RD. Oxidation of Plasmalogen, Low-Density Lipoprotein and RAW 264.7 Cells by Photoactivatable Atomic Oxygen Precursors. Photochem Photobiol 2016; 90:386-93. [PMID: 27096146 DOI: 10.1111/php.12201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The oxidation of lipids by endogenous or environmental reactive oxygen species (ROS) generates a myriad of different lipid oxidation products that have important roles in disease pathology. The lipid oxidation products obtained in these reactions are dependent upon the identity of the reacting ROS. The photoinduced deoxygenation of various aromatic heterocyclic oxides has been suggested to generate ground state atomic oxygen (O[3P]) as an oxidant; however, very little is known about reactions between lipids and O(3P). To identify lipid oxidation products arising from the reaction of lipids with O(3P), photoactivatable precursors of O(3P) were irradiated in the presence of lysoplasmenylcholine, low-density lipoprotein and RAW 264.7 cells under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Four different aldehyde products consistent with the oxidation of plasmalogens were observed. The four aldehydes were: tetradecanal, pentadecanal, 2-hexadecenal and hexadecanal. Depending upon the conditions, either pentadecanal or 2-hexadecenal was the major product. Increased amounts of the aldehyde products were observed in aerobic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max T Bourdillon
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA
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9
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Shadyro O, Lisovskaya A, Semenkova G, Edimecheva I, Amaegberi N. Free-radical Destruction of Sphingolipids Resulting in 2-hexadecenal Formation. Lipid Insights 2015; 8:1-9. [PMID: 25861222 PMCID: PMC4376205 DOI: 10.4137/lpi.s24081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Revised: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The action of hypochlorous acid (HOCl) and γ-radiation on aqueous lysosphingolipid dispersions was found to produce 2-hexadecenal (Hex). This process includes the stages of formation of nitrogen-centered radicals from the starting molecules and the subsequent fragmentation of these radicals via the rupture of C–C and O–H bonds. These findings prove the existence of a nonenzymatic pathway of sphingolipid destruction leading to the formation of Hex, which possesses a wide spectrum of biological activity. Analysis of the effect of HOCl on transplantable rat glioma C6 cells and human embryonic kidney 293 cells points to the formation of Hex. This suggests that the described mechanism of free-radical destruction of sphingolipids may be replicated on cell culture under the stress of active chlorine forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg Shadyro
- Department of Chemistry, Belarusian State University, Minsk, Belarus
| | | | - Galina Semenkova
- Department of Chemistry, Belarusian State University, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Irina Edimecheva
- Department of Chemistry, Belarusian State University, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Nadezda Amaegberi
- Department of Chemistry, Belarusian State University, Minsk, Belarus
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10
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Mezzar S, de Schryver E, Van Veldhoven PP. RP-HPLC-fluorescence analysis of aliphatic aldehydes: application to aldehyde-generating enzymes HACL1 and SGPL1. J Lipid Res 2013; 55:573-82. [PMID: 24323699 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.d044230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-chain aldehydes are commonly produced in various processes, such as peroxisomal α-oxidation of long-chain 3-methyl-branched and 2-hydroxy fatty acids and microsomal breakdown of phosphorylated sphingoid bases. The enzymes involved in the aldehyde-generating steps of these processes are 2-hydroxyacyl-CoA lyase (HACL1) and sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase (SGPL1), respectively. In the present work, nonradioactive assays for these enzymes were developed employing the Hantzsch reaction. Tridecanal (C13-al) and heptadecanal (C17-al) were selected as model compounds and cyclohexane-1,3-dione as 1,3-diketone, and the fluorescent derivatives were analyzed by reversed phase (RP)-HPLC. Assay mixture composition, as well as pH and heating, were optimized for C13-al and C17-al. Under optimized conditions, these aldehydes could be quantified in picomolar range and different long-chain aldehyde derivatives were well resolved with a linear gradient elution by RP-HPLC. Aldehydes generated by recombinant enzymes could easily be detected via this method. Moreover, the assay allowed to document activity or deficiency in tissue homogenates and fibroblast lysates without an extraction step. In conclusion, a simple, quick, and cheap assay for the study of HACL1 and SGPL1 activities was developed, without relying on expensive mass spectrometric detectors or radioactive substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Mezzar
- Department Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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11
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Mass spectrometry of fatty aldehydes. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2011; 1811:680-93. [PMID: 21930240 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2011.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2011] [Revised: 08/19/2011] [Accepted: 08/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Fatty aldehydes are important components of the cellular lipidome. Significant interest has been developed towards the analysis of the short chain α,β-unsaturated and hydroxylated aldehydes formed as a result of oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Multiple gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and subsequently liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS) approaches have been developed to identify and quantify short-chain as well as long-chain fatty aldehydes. Due to the ability to non-enzymaticaly form Schiff bases with amino groups of proteins, lipids, and with DNA guanidine, free aldehydes are viewed as a marker or metric of fatty acid oxidation and not the part of intracellular signaling pathways which has significantly limited the overall attention this group of molecules have received. This review provides an overview of current GC/MS and LC/MS approaches of fatty aldehyde analysis as well as discusses technical challenges standing in the way of free fatty aldehyde quantitation.
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12
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Kumar A, Byun HS, Bittman R, Saba JD. The sphingolipid degradation product trans-2-hexadecenal induces cytoskeletal reorganization and apoptosis in a JNK-dependent manner. Cell Signal 2011; 23:1144-52. [PMID: 21385609 PMCID: PMC3086202 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2011.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2011] [Accepted: 02/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The bioactive signaling molecule D-erythro-sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is irreversibly degraded by the enzyme S1P lyase (SPL). The reaction of SPL with C18-S1P generates ethanolamine phosphate and a long-chain fatty aldehyde, trans-2-hexadecenal. Modulation of SPL expression in cells and organisms produces significant phenotypes, most of which have been attributed to corresponding changes in S1P-dependent signaling. However, the physiological functions of SPL products are not well understood. In the present study, we explored the biological activities of trans-2-hexadecenal in human and murine cells. We demonstrate that trans-2-hexadecenal causes cytoskeletal reorganization leading to cell rounding, detachment and eventual cell death by apoptosis in multiple cell types, including HEK293T, NIH3T3 and HeLa cells. Trans-2-hexadecenal stimulated a signaling pathway involving MLK3 and the respective phosphorylation of MKK4/7 and JNK, whereas ERK, AKT and p38 were unaffected. Trans-2-hexadecenal-induced apoptosis was accompanied by activation of downstream targets of JNK including c-Jun phosphorylation, cytochrome c release, Bax activation, Bid cleavage and increased translocation of Bim into mitochondria. The antioxidant N-acetylcysteine prevented JNK activation by trans-2-hexadecenal. Further, inhibition of JNK abrogated the cytoskeletal changes and apoptosis caused by trans-2-hexadecenal, whereas Rac1 and RhoA were not involved. In conclusion, our studies provide a new paradigm of sphingolipid signaling by demonstrating for the first time that S1P metabolism generates a bioactive product that induces cellular effects through oxidant stress-dependent MAP kinase cell signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Kumar
- Center for Cancer Research, Children’s Hospital Oakland Research Institute, 5700 Martin Luther King Jr. Way, Oakland, CA 94609, USA, AK:
| | - Hoe-Sup Byun
- Queens College of the City University of New York, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Flushing, NY 11367, USA, RB: ; HSB:
| | - Robert Bittman
- Queens College of the City University of New York, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Flushing, NY 11367, USA, RB: ; HSB:
| | - Julie D. Saba
- Center for Cancer Research, Children’s Hospital Oakland Research Institute, 5700 Martin Luther King Jr. Way, Oakland, CA 94609, USA, AK:
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A New Mechanism for Photo- and Radiation-Induced Decomposition of Sphingolipids. Lipids 2010; 46:271-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s11745-010-3506-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2010] [Accepted: 11/10/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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14
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Ford DA. Lipid oxidation by hypochlorous acid: chlorinated lipids in atherosclerosis and myocardial ischemia. CLINICAL LIPIDOLOGY 2010; 5:835-852. [PMID: 21339854 PMCID: PMC3041592 DOI: 10.2217/clp.10.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Leukocytes, containing myeloperoxidase (MPO), produce the reactive chlorinating species, HOCl, and they have important roles in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease. Leukocyte-derived HOCl can target primary amines, alkenes and vinyl ethers of lipids, resulting in chlorinated products. Plasmalogens are vinyl ether-containing phospholipids that are abundant in tissues of the cardiovascular system. The HOCl oxidation products derived from plasmalogens are α-chlorofatty aldehyde and unsaturated molecular species of lysophosphatidylcholine. α-chlorofatty aldehyde is the precursor of both α-chlorofatty alcohol and α-chlorofatty acid. Both α-chlorofatty aldehyde and α-chlorofatty acid accumulate in activated neutrophils and have disparate chemotactic properties. In addition, α-chlorofatty aldehyde increases in activated monocytes, human atherosclerotic lesions and rat infarcted myocardium. This article addresses the pathways for the synthesis of these lipids and their biological targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Ford
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Room 325, Doisy Research Center, 1100 South Grand Blvd, St Louis, MO 63104, USA, Tel.: +1 314 977 9264, Fax: +1 314 977 9205
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15
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Muñoz L, Rosell G, Guerrero A. Penta-deuterated acid precursors in the pheromone biosynthesis of the Egyptian armyworm,Spodoptera littoralis. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.1666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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16
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Pruett ST, Bushnev A, Hagedorn K, Adiga M, Haynes CA, Sullards MC, Liotta DC, Merrill AH. Biodiversity of sphingoid bases ("sphingosines") and related amino alcohols. J Lipid Res 2008; 49:1621-39. [PMID: 18499644 PMCID: PMC2444003 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.r800012-jlr200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 315] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
"Sphingosin" was first described by J. L. W. Thudichum in 1884 and structurally characterized as 2S,3R,4E-2-aminooctadec-4-ene-1,3-diol in 1947 by Herb Carter, who also proposed the designation of "lipides derived from sphingosine as sphingolipides." This category of amino alcohols is now known to encompass hundreds of compounds that are referred to as sphingoid bases and sphingoid base-like compounds, which vary in chain length, number, position, and stereochemistry of double bonds, hydroxyl groups, and other functionalities. Some have especially intriguing features, such as the tail-to-tail combination of two sphingoid bases in the alpha,omega-sphingoids produced by sponges. Most of these compounds participate in cell structure and regulation, and some (such as the fumonisins) disrupt normal sphingolipid metabolism and cause plant and animal disease. Many of the naturally occurring and synthetic sphingoid bases are cytotoxic for cancer cells and pathogenic microorganisms or have other potentially useful bioactivities; hence, they offer promise as pharmaceutical leads. This thematic review gives an overview of the biodiversity of the backbones of sphingolipids and the broader field of naturally occurring and synthetic sphingoid base-like compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah T Pruett
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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17
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Brahmbhatt VV, Nold C, Albert CJ, Ford DA. Quantification of pentafluorobenzyl oxime derivatives of long chain aldehydes by GC-MS analysis. Lipids 2008; 43:275-80. [PMID: 18256866 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-008-3153-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2007] [Accepted: 01/08/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Negative ion mass spectrometric techniques, for compounds having good ionization properties, such as pentafluorobenzyl derivatives, are believed to be more sensitive than positive ion methods. Preparation of PFB oximes of fatty aldehydes from crude lipid extracts is problematic due to the release of free aldehydes from plasmalogens during derivatization. Accordingly, in these studies plasmalogens were removed by silicic acid column chromatography prior to pentafluorobenzyl derivatization. This simple purification step to remove plasmalogens is shown to facilitate the quantification of long-chain aldehydes by analysis of their pentafluorobenzyl oxime derivatives utilizing gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in the negative ion chemical ionization mode. The limit of detection for long chain fatty aldehydes using this method is 0.5 pmol and it is linear over two orders of magnitude. Silicic acid column chromatography followed by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry demonstrated that plasmalogens were removed (the detection limit for this analyses was <or=0.3 pmol). Furthermore, we have exploited the utility and sensitivity of this method to identify increases in hexadecanal and octadecanal in 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole treated human neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viral V Brahmbhatt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, St Louis University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63104, USA
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