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Stern JA, Bailey NA, Costello MA, Hazelwood OA, Allen JP. Fathers' contributions to attachment in adolescence and adulthood: the moderating role of race, gender, income, and residential status. Attach Hum Dev 2024; 26:325-349. [PMID: 38869354 PMCID: PMC11269005 DOI: 10.1080/14616734.2024.2366391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Fathers play a critical yet underappreciated role in adolescent development. To examine contributions of fathers' parenting to attachment in adolescence and adulthood, this longitudinal study followed 184 adolescents from ages 13-24. At age 13, adolescents reported on their fathers' parenting behavior and were observed in a father-teen conflict task; at ages 14 and 24, they completed the Adult Attachment Interview. Adolescents who lived with their father showed higher attachment security at age 14 (Cohen's d = .72), compared to those with non-residential fathers. Fathers' positive relatedness and support for teens' psychological autonomy predicted attachment security at age 14. Fathers' physical aggression predicted attachment insecurity in adolescence, whereas fathers' verbal aggression predicted insecurity in adulthood, illuminating developmental shifts. Pathways to security were moderated by father residential status, adolescent gender, and race. Findings underscore the importance of fathers' presence, autonomy support, and non-aggression in predicting adolescents' state of mind in close relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Stern
- Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
- Department of Psychological Science, Pomona College, Claremont, CA, USA
| | - Natasha A Bailey
- Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
| | - Meghan A Costello
- Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
| | | | - Joseph P Allen
- Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
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O’Sullivan D, Brehmer C, Phillips BN, Hanna JL, Strauser DR. Measuring Parenting Practices Across Four Dimensions in Adults with Disabilities: Development of the Revised Affirmative to Problem Parenting Scale (R-APPS). MEASUREMENT AND EVALUATION IN COUNSELING AND DEVELOPMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/07481756.2022.2131579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Deirdre O’Sullivan
- Department of Educational Psychology, Counseling, Special Education, Penn State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | | | | | - Jennifer L. Hanna
- Department of Educational Psychology, Counseling, Special Education, Penn State University, University Park, PA, USA
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Tobe H, Sakka M, Kita S, Ikeda M, Kamibeppu K. The Efficacy of a Resilience-Enhancement Program for Mothers Based on Emotion Regulation: A Randomized Controlled Trial in Japan. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:14953. [PMID: 36429671 PMCID: PMC9690318 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192214953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the efficacy of a brief (four 2-h sessions) group-based resilience-enhancement program focused on emotion regulation in Japan. Mothers (n = 123) of children aged 3-6 years were recruited in two prefectures and allocated with stratified randomization by the prefecture to either a bi-weekly intervention or treatment as usual. Mothers self-reported online at pre/post-intervention and at 2-month follow-up. Analysis of covariance was used to compare groups. At post-intervention and 2-month follow-up, the intervention group mothers showed significant improvements compared to the control group in resilience (p < 0.001/p = 0.001), self-esteem (p = 0.008/p = 0.001), anger control toward the child (p < 0.001/p = 0.012), and positive attribution toward the child's misbehavior (p < 0.001/p = 0.003). The partners of mothers in both groups answered the same questionnaire at the same timepoints without participating in either program; no differences between groups were found. This study was the first randomized controlled trial investigating how a resilience-enhancement program improves maternal resilience, emotion regulation, and cognition toward children and themselves. This preliminary study provides evidence that improving resilience may reduce the risk of child maltreatment. Further research regarding implementing this intervention in the community is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromi Tobe
- Department of Family Nursing, Global Nursing Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku 113-0033, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mariko Sakka
- The Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba-shi 305-8575, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Sachiko Kita
- Department of Family Nursing, Global Nursing Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku 113-0033, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mari Ikeda
- Department of Family Nursing, Global Nursing Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku 113-0033, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyoko Kamibeppu
- Department of Family Nursing, Global Nursing Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku 113-0033, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Nursing, Graduate School of Health and Welfare Science, International University of Health and Welfare, 4-1-26 Akasaka, Minato City 107-8402, Tokyo, Japan
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Mehlhausen-Hassoen D. The Gender Perspective on Parent-to-child Aggression: Gender and Gender-constellations. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:NP8890-NP8915. [PMID: 33302771 DOI: 10.1177/0886260520980379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Parent-to-child aggressive behavior is a common risk factor for children's health. Gender is correlated also to the odds of using aggression and the odds of being a victim of aggression. Yet, only few studies have considered the constellation of perpetrator's and victim's gender as a factor of parental aggression. The current study addresses parent-to-child aggressive behavior while focusing on the constellation of perpetrator's and victim's gender (i.e., mother-daughter, mother-son, father-daughter, father-son). It utilizes a community sample of Israeli university students (N = 508), 78% of which are female, on average 25.67 years of age (SD = 8.29). The participants reported the incidence and frequency of verbal and physical aggressive behavior of their parents against them during the years of middle school. The results show gender and gender-constellation to be significantly correlated with parental aggression. Overall, sons were more likely to suffer both verbal and physical aggression from their parents than daughters were. Only paternal verbal and physical aggression was more common against daughters, and only maternal verbal and physical aggression was more common against sons. Parental verbal and physical aggression from both parents were more common against sons. For all types and forms of parental aggression, daughters reported higher frequencies. These results suggest that while parent's gender might predict their overall aggressive behavior, and child's gender might predict their overall odds to be victimized by parental aggression, gender-constellation might create gender-specific selective patterns of parental aggressive behavior. Thus, the theoretical contribution of this study is in emphasizing that gender-constellations have an explanatory value beyond gender alone. These findings might be valuable to assess the risk of daughters and sons to suffer parental aggression, and for practitioners to provide apt professional response.
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Campbell KD, Hasselle AJ, Howell KH. A Familial Case Study Exploring the Effects of a Strengths-Based Camp Intervention on Children’s Self-Perception. Clin Case Stud 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/15346501221092415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Childhood victimization can negatively affect children’s self-perception, a multifaceted developmental asset that can be delineated into Global Self-Worth, Social Competence, and Behavioral Conduct. Despite the importance of self-perception, few studies have examined how strengths-based interventions impact self-perception among youth experiencing victimization. Using a familial case study design, the current study evaluated how a camp-based intervention, known as Camp HOPE, affected self-perception among siblings who experienced childhood victimization. Participants included three siblings and their mother who all identify as Black/African American and reside in the Midsouth, United States. The siblings participated in a week-long, overnight camp with other children exposed to victimization. The family was evaluated across three timepoints: pre-camp, 1 month post-camp, and 4 months post-camp. Participating in Camp HOPE appeared to have differential effects on the siblings’ self-perception. Specifically, all three children endorsed small to medium improvements in perceived Behavioral Conduct, but the camp differentially impacted their Global Self-Worth and Social Competence. Findings suggest that Camp HOPE may enhance self-perception among Black/African American children who have experienced victimization. This intervention may also be more accessible and acceptable, compared to traditional treatment formats.
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Vieira R, Pires PP, Cecil C, Barker E, Reis D, Couto I, Cypriano C, de Oliveira IR. Family Aggression Screening Tool (FAST): Factor structure and psychometric properties of subscales. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2022; 127:105548. [PMID: 35184024 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2022.105548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Family Aggression Screening Tool (FAST) is an instrument to screen for experiences of maltreatment using primarily pictorial representations, including direct victimisation and exposure to intimate partner violence. The initial psychometric properties of the FAST were reported in the original research in the United Kingdom. OBJECTIVE This research aimed to replicate and to extend the evaluation of the psychometric properties of FAST in Brazil. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING Data consisted of 648 youth aged 11 to 17 years from public schools in Brazil. METHOD We employed confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and exploratory graphical analysis (EGA). Concurrent validity was supported by strong correlations between the FAST's emotional and physical victimisation subscales and Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) emotional and physical abuse subscales. RESULTS CFA resulted in a solution including second and first order factors, resembling the original structure. FAST's reliability was assessed both through internal consistency and test-retest, showing favorable coefficients. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that FAST has good psychometric properties for the Brazilian population with respect to both its validity and reliability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Vieira
- Postgraduate Programs - Medicine and Health, and Interactions of Organs and Systems, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, BA, Brazil.
| | - Pedro Paulo Pires
- Department of Psychometric, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Charlotte Cecil
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
| | - Edward Barker
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
| | - Daniela Reis
- Postgraduate Programs - Medicine and Health, and Interactions of Organs and Systems, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Isabella Couto
- Postgraduate Programs - Medicine and Health, and Interactions of Organs and Systems, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Cybele Cypriano
- Postgraduate Programs - Medicine and Health, and Interactions of Organs and Systems, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Irismar Reis de Oliveira
- Postgraduate Programs - Medicine and Health, and Interactions of Organs and Systems, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, BA, Brazil; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Postgraduate Programs (Medicine and Health, and Interactions of Organs and Systems), Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, BA, Brazil
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Cuong VM, Assanangkornchai S, Wichaidit W, Minh Hanh VT, My Hanh HT. Associations between gaming disorder, parent-child relationship, parental supervision, and discipline styles: Findings from a school-based survey during the COVID-19 pandemic in Vietnam. J Behav Addict 2021; 10:722-730. [PMID: 34564065 PMCID: PMC8997202 DOI: 10.1556/2006.2021.00064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Vietnam implemented numerous measures to reduce the transmission of COVID-19 among school students, including study-at-home/self-quarantine. During the study-at-home period, adolescents may engage in more video gaming than usual, potentially contributing to gaming disorder. However, the regionally-representative prevalence of gaming disorder and its association with parenting practice and discipline practice have not been described. We assessed the prevalence of gaming disorder among Vietnamese adolescents during the initial 6 months of the COVID-19 pandemic and the associations between gaming disorder and parenting practice and discipline practice. METHODS We conducted a school-based, self-administered cross-sectional survey of 2,084 students in Hanoi, Vietnam (response rate = 97.1%). The survey included standardized instruments translated from English to Vietnamese. We performed multilevel logistic regressions to assess the associations between parenting practice, discipline practice, and gaming disorder. RESULTS The prevalence of gaming disorder among the respondents was 11.6%. Healthy parent-child relationship was protective against gaming disorder (Adj OR = 0.36; 95% CI = 0.21, 0.62). Non-supervision, non-discipline, violent discipline were positively associated with gaming disorder. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS We found associations between gaming disorder and parent-child relationship, parental supervision, and parental discipline. Future interventional studies should consider assessing the effect of fostering healthy parent-child relationships and appropriate discipline on the occurrence or prognosis of gaming disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vu Manh Cuong
- Health Strategy and Policy Institute, Vietnam Ministry of Health, Hanoi, Vietnam,Epidemiology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand
| | - Sawitri Assanangkornchai
- Epidemiology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand,Corresponding author. E-mail:
| | - Wit Wichaidit
- Epidemiology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand
| | - Vu Thi Minh Hanh
- Health Strategy and Policy Institute, Vietnam Ministry of Health, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Hoang Thi My Hanh
- Health Strategy and Policy Institute, Vietnam Ministry of Health, Hanoi, Vietnam
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Lee CK, Feng JY. Impacts of childhood adversity forms and drinker self-schema on undergraduate drinking behaviors and depression. Addict Behav 2021; 114:106756. [PMID: 33310693 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Drinking behaviors and depression are common and highly correlated behaviors in undergraduates. Child adversity and drinker self-schemas have been recognized as significant risk factors of drinking behaviors and depression. However, how the various child adversity forms differentially influence the formation of drinker self-schema and behaviors is underexplored. We aimed to determine whether drinker self-schema serves as a mechanism underlying the influence of child adversity forms on drinking frequency, drinking problems, and depressive symptoms. METHODS A cross-sectional, correlational study design with an anonymous, internet-based survey was conducted. Participants were 330 first- and second-year undergraduates enrolled in a four-year college/university as full-time students in Taiwan. Path analysis was performed to examine the direct and indirect effects (through drinker self-schema) of child adversity forms on drinking frequency, drinking problems, and depressive symptoms. Gender and friend's alcohol use were the covariates. RESULTS Psychological abuse, psychological neglect, physical neglect, and household substance use were associated with drinker self-schema, which was associated with drinking frequency, drinking problems, and depressive symptoms. Physical abuse was associated with drinking frequency. Household substance use and parent(s) treated violently were associated with drinking problems. Psychological neglect and household mental illness were associated with depressive symptoms. Moreover, psychological abuse and psychological neglect had indirect effects on drinking frequency and drinking problems through drinker self-schema. CONCLUSIONS Different forms of childhood adversity are differently associated with drinker self-schema, drinking behaviors, and depression. Drinker self-schema serves as an underlying mechanism linking psychological maltreatments to drinking behaviors.
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Marchetti D, Fontanesi L, Di Giandomenico S, Mazza C, Roma P, Verrocchio MC. The Effect of Parent Psychological Distress on Child Hyperactivity/Inattention During the COVID-19 Lockdown: Testing the Mediation of Parent Verbal Hostility and Child Emotional Symptoms. Front Psychol 2020; 11:567052. [PMID: 33362632 PMCID: PMC7758226 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.567052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) health crisis is strongly affecting the psychological well-being of the general population. According to a very recent literature, the imposed lockdown and social distancing measures have generated a series of negative outcomes, including fear of the future, anxiety, and somatization symptoms. Few studies have investigated the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the well-being of parents and children, and still fewer studies have assessed the relationship between the psychological health of parents and children. The present study aimed at understanding the effect of parents' psychological distress and verbal aggression on behavioral and emotional symptoms of children during the COVID-19 lockdown. Using an online survey administered in the first weeks of the lockdown in Italy, we explored the mediating effects of parent verbal hostility and child emotional symptoms on the relationship between parent distress and child hyperactivity/inattention in a sample of 878 Italian parents (87.4% mothers; meanage = 40.58). Two hypotheses were proposed: (1) parent distress would significantly predict child hyperactivity/inattention, and (2) parent verbal hostility and child emotional symptoms would mediate the association between parent distress and child hyperactivity/inattention. The serial mediated model confirmed both hypotheses, suggesting that higher rates of psychological distress in parents were associated with higher levels of hyperactivity/inattention in children. Parent verbal hostility and child emotional problems were also found to positively mediate this relation. Our results may be used to improve sociopsychological interventions in the general population in the near future. They may also contribute to the clinical definition of therapeutic paths for parents and families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Marchetti
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Lilybeth Fontanesi
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | | | - Cristina Mazza
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Paolo Roma
- Department of Human Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Verrocchio
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
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Maternal verbal aggression in early infancy and child's internalizing symptoms: interaction by common oxytocin polymorphisms. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2020; 270:541-551. [PMID: 31065789 PMCID: PMC7332476 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-019-01013-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Genetic predisposition of social sensitivity might affect vulnerability to develop psychopathology after early life stress exposure. This study examined whether maternal verbally aggressive behavior in early infancy interacts with oxytocin polymorphisms in developing internalizing symptoms at ages 5-6 and 11-12. In the Amsterdam-Born-Children-and-their-Development (ABCD) study, a large observational, population-based birth cohort, maternal verbally aggressive behavior was assessed in the 13th postnatal week by a self-report questionnaire. Internalizing symptoms at age 5-6 were assessed by maternal report (N = 969) and internalizing symptoms at age 11-12 were assessed by self-report (N = 750). Data on oxytocin receptor polymorphisms rs53576 and rs2268498 and oxytocin polymorphisms rs2740210 and rs4813627 were collected. If the child was carrier of rs2740210 CA/AA polymorphism, exposure to maternal verbally aggressive behavior (10.6%) was positively associated with general anxiety at age 5-6 and emotional symptoms at age 11-12 (p for interaction = 0.011 and p = 0.015, respectively). If the child was carrier of rs4813627 GG (wild type), exposure to maternal verbally aggressive behavior was negatively associated with anxiety sensitivity and emotional symptoms at age 11-12 (p for interaction = 0.011 and p = 0.022, respectively). After exposure to maternal verbally aggressive behavior in early infancy, oxytocin polymorphisms may partly determine a child's vulnerability to internalizing symptoms.
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Tobe H, Sakka M, Kamibeppu K. The efficacy of a resilience-enhancement program for mothers in Japan based on emotion regulation: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. BMC Psychol 2019; 7:69. [PMID: 31694699 PMCID: PMC6836322 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-019-0344-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The demands of daily life often cause mothers high levels of distress and other negative emotions. Anger, including harsh verbal discipline, has been linked to child maltreatment, with long-term adverse effects on a child’s well-being. It is critically important to teach mothers stress management and emotion regulation in addition to parenting skills, but this is yet to be conducted in a formalized manner. Strengthening the multiple protective factors that constitute resilience helps reduce distress. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of a resilience-enhancement program for mothers. Methods We designed a two-arm, parallel, randomized trial with an active control. Mothers and their partners with children between three and six years old will be recruited. Following an online baseline survey, 140 mothers will be randomly allocated to either an intervention or control group. Self-report assessment will be conducted online post-intervention and at a two-month follow-up. The control group will participate in a serious of group discussions. The intervention group will participate in four bi-weekly 120-min sessions of a Cognitive Behavior Therapy-based program designed to enhance resilience, focusing on emotion regulation through cognitive reappraisal. Participants will be encouraged to apply and share the skills they acquire with their partner and children at home. Partners will also be assessed to explore their indirect influence from the mothers. Intention-to-treat analysis will be conducted and the two groups will be compared, applying covariate analysis. The primary outcome of the intervention is improved resilience. Secondary outcomes include improved anger control, self-esteem, cognition of children’s misbehavior, and reduced parental stress. Discussion To the best of our knowledge, this study will evaluate the first resilience-enhancement program focused on emotion regulation for mothers in Japan. It will contribute to the existing body of knowledge on building emotional resilience. If the program is found to be effective, it will provide an alternative means to enhance mothers’ resilience against stress and improve their ability to regulate emotion. In so doing, it will offer a way to prevent child maltreatment and protect the mental health of children and families. Trial registration UMIN000027232, May 3, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromi Tobe
- Department of Family Nursing & Global Nursing Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
| | - Mariko Sakka
- Department of Family Nursing & Global Nursing Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kiyoko Kamibeppu
- Department of Family Nursing & Global Nursing Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
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Trent ES, Viana AG, Raines EM, Woodward EC, Storch EA, Zvolensky MJ. Parental threats and adolescent depression: The role of emotion dysregulation. Psychiatry Res 2019; 276:18-24. [PMID: 30981831 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2019.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Childhood exposure to parental threatening behaviors places adolescents at greater risk for depression. However, the association between parental threatening behaviors and depressive symptoms among trauma-exposed inpatient youth, and potential factors that exacerbate the harmful effects of such parenting, have remained unexplored. One factor that may contribute to depression is low emotional clarity, which is characterized by difficulties recognizing and understanding one's emotions. The current investigation examined the interactive effects of childhood exposure to maternal threatening behaviors and emotional clarity deficits in relation to depressive symptoms among inpatient psychiatric youth who had been exposed to a potentially traumatic event (i.e., exposure to actual or threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violence). Participants (N = 50, Mage = 15.1 years, SD = 0.51, range 12-17) completed measures of emotion dysregulation, childhood exposure to maternal threatening behavior, and depressive symptoms. A significant interaction was found between exposure to maternal threatening behaviors and deficits in emotional clarity in relation to depressive symptom severity. Greater exposure to maternal threatening behaviors was related to more severe depressive symptoms, yet only among children with greater deficits in emotional clarity. Findings underscore the need for interventions that target emotional clarity among trauma-exposed youth who have experienced parental threats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika S Trent
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Andres G Viana
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA; Texas Institute of Measurement, Evaluation, and Statistics, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA.
| | | | - Emma C Woodward
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Eric A Storch
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michael J Zvolensky
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA; Department of Behavioral Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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Thartori E, Zuffianò A, Pastorelli C, Gerbino M, Lunetti C, Favini A, Basili E, Di Giunta L, Bacchini D, Lansford JE. Longitudinal relation between state-trait maternal irritability and harsh parenting. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0209493. [PMID: 30625161 PMCID: PMC6326468 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
According to Belsky's process model of parenting, parents' personality represents the most important factor influencing parenting and child development. While an extensive literature has empirically corroborated the role of irritability traits in predicting aggressive behaviors in laboratory-based studies, only a few studies have examined the role of irritability in predicting aggressive behaviors within family contexts. The present study addressed this gap by examining the longitudinal association between maternal irritability and harsh parenting. Referencing latent state-trait theory (LST), first we estimated the amount of variance in mothers' irritability due to trait and state components, and, next, we examined the relation between mothers' irritability (both at trait- and state- levels) and harsh parenting over time. A sample of 204 mothers from Naples and Rome provided data over 5 years in four waves. Mothers averaged 40.30 years (SD = 5.33) at Time 1 and 44.01 years (SD = 5.43) at Time 4. Their children (50% girls) were 9.45 years (SD = 0.74) at Time 1 and 13.18 years (SD = 0.66) at Time 4. Results of LST analysis showed that, on average, 39% of variability in irritability was due to trait-like factors and only 12% to state-like factors. A multitrait-multistate model revealed that the irritability trait associated with mother's lack of control predicted her harsh parenting 1-year later, while controlling for the rank-order stability of harsh parenting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eriona Thartori
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Zuffianò
- Department of Psychology, Liverpool Hope University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | | | - Maria Gerbino
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Carolina Lunetti
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Ainzara Favini
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuele Basili
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Di Giunta
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Dario Bacchini
- Department of Humanities, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Jennifer E. Lansford
- Center for Child and Family Policy, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
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Sege RD, Siegel BS, Flaherty EG, Gavril AR, Idzerda SM, Laskey A“T, Legano LA, Leventhal JM, Lukefahr JL, Yogman MW, Baum R, Gambon TB, Lavin A, Mattson G, Montiel-Esparza R, Wissow LS. Effective Discipline to Raise Healthy Children. Pediatrics 2018; 142:peds.2018-3112. [PMID: 30397164 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2018-3112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pediatricians are a source of advice for parents and guardians concerning the management of child behavior, including discipline strategies that are used to teach appropriate behavior and protect their children and others from the adverse effects of challenging behavior. Aversive disciplinary strategies, including all forms of corporal punishment and yelling at or shaming children, are minimally effective in the short-term and not effective in the long-term. With new evidence, researchers link corporal punishment to an increased risk of negative behavioral, cognitive, psychosocial, and emotional outcomes for children. In this Policy Statement, the American Academy of Pediatrics provides guidance for pediatricians and other child health care providers on educating parents about positive and effective parenting strategies of discipline for children at each stage of development as well as references to educational materials. This statement supports the need for adults to avoid physical punishment and verbal abuse of children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert D. Sege
- Center for Community Engaged Medicine, Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Benjamin S. Siegel
- Departments of Pediatrics and
- Psychiatry, Boston Medical Center and School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
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15
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Identifying early pathways of risk and resilience: The codevelopment of internalizing and externalizing symptoms and the role of harsh parenting. Dev Psychopathol 2016; 27:1295-312. [PMID: 26439075 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579414001412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Psychological disorders co-occur often in children, but little has been done to document the types of conjoint pathways internalizing and externalizing symptoms may take from the crucial early period of toddlerhood or how harsh parenting may overlap with early symptom codevelopment. To examine symptom codevelopment trajectories, we identified latent classes of individuals based on internalizing and externalizing symptoms across ages 3-9 and found three symptom codevelopment classes: normative symptoms (low), severe-decreasing symptoms (initially high but rapidly declining), and severe symptoms (high) trajectories. Next, joint models examined how parenting trajectories overlapped with internalizing and externalizing symptom trajectories. These trajectory classes demonstrated that, normatively, harsh parenting increased after toddlerhood, but the severe symptoms class was characterized by a higher level and a steeper increase in harsh parenting and the severe-decreasing class by high, stable harsh parenting. In addition, a transactional model examined the bidirectional relationships among internalizing and externalizing symptoms and harsh parenting because they may cascade over time in this early period. Harsh parenting uniquely contributed to externalizing symptoms, controlling for internalizing symptoms, but not vice versa. In addition, internalizing symptoms appeared to be a mechanism by which externalizing symptoms increase. Results highlight the importance of accounting for both internalizing and externalizing symptoms from an early age to understand risk for developing psychopathology and the role harsh parenting plays in influencing these trajectories.
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16
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Paul E, Eckenrode J. Childhood psychological maltreatment subtypes and adolescent depressive symptoms. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2015; 47:38-47. [PMID: 26105164 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2015.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Revised: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to understand how subtypes and the timing of psychological maltreatment contribute to adolescent depressive symptoms at age 14. The sample included 638 youth from the Longitudinal Studies of Child Abuse and Neglect (LONGSCAN). At age 12, youth reported experiences of psychological maltreatment (degradation, isolating, and terrorizing), physical abuse (endangerment and physical injury), and sexual abuse that occurred before and during elementary school/last year. Multivariable regression models were conducted separately for females and males at each of the two time periods and accounted for demographics, primary caregiver depressive symptoms, other maltreatment subtypes, and youth-reported age 12 depressive symptoms. For girls, caregiver degradation was the only maltreatment subtype that contributed unique variance to depressive symptoms. Degradation before elementary school and chronic degradation had a stronger impact on depression symptoms. Only caregiver isolating behaviors during elementary school/last year and chronic isolation predicted depressive symptoms in boys. These results suggest that childhood psychological maltreatment is multi-dimensional and is implicated in the etiology of adolescent depressive symptoms. Future prevention efforts should consider parental psychological maltreatment in reducing risk for adolescent depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Paul
- Department of Human Development, G87 Martha Van Rensselaer Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Bronfenbrenner Center for Translational Research, Beebe Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - John Eckenrode
- Department of Human Development, G87 Martha Van Rensselaer Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Bronfenbrenner Center for Translational Research, Beebe Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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17
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English DJ, Thompson R, White CR. Predicting risk of entry into foster care from early childhood experiences: A survival analysis using LONGSCAN data. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2015; 45:57-67. [PMID: 25982428 PMCID: PMC4680962 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2015.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Revised: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
This study examined whether a multi-domain model of maltreatment informed by an ecological framework-including factors related to the child, caregiver, family, neighborhood, and dimensions of maltreatment experience-predicted entry into foster care between the ages of 4 and 18 among children with no prior foster care experience. To determine which factors predict entry into foster care, secondary data analyses were conducted utilizing a sub-sample from LONGSCAN (Longitudinal Studies of Child Abuse and Neglect) of 942 children and their primary caregivers. Results demonstrate that there are important predictors for entry into out-of-home placement across multiple ecological domains. Characteristics related to child, caregiver, and family characteristics, and neighborhood context, as well as dimensions of maltreatment (particularly emotional maltreatment), predicted risk of placement in out-of-home care. Implications for child welfare practice are discussed. This examination of the effects of multiple ecological domains adds to our understanding of children's risk of removal and entry into out-of-home placement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana J English
- Casey Family Programs, 2001 8th Avenue, Suite 2700, Seattle, WA 98121, USA
| | - Richard Thompson
- Richard H. Calica Center for Innovation in Children and Family Services, Juvenile Protective Association, 1707 North Halstead Street, Chicago, IL 60614, USA
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18
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Zottis GA, Salum GA, Isolan LR, Manfro GG, Heldt E. Associations between child disciplinary practices and bullying behavior in adolescents. JORNAL DE PEDIATRIA (VERSÃO EM PORTUGUÊS) 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedp.2013.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Zottis GAH, Salum GA, Isolan LR, Manfro GG, Heldt E. Associations between child disciplinary practices and bullying behavior in adolescents. J Pediatr (Rio J) 2014; 90:408-14. [PMID: 24631169 DOI: 10.1016/j.jped.2013.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Revised: 12/01/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE to investigate associations between different types of child disciplinary practices and children and adolescents' bullying behavior in a Brazilian sample. METHODS cross-sectional study, with a school-based sample of 10- to 15-year-old children and adolescents. Child disciplinary practices were assessed using two main subtypes: power-assertive and punitive (psychological aggression, corporal punishment, deprivation of privileges, and penalty tasks) and inductive (explaining, rewarding, and monitoring). A modified version of the Olweus Bully Victim Questionnaire was used to measure the frequency of bullying. RESULTS 247 children and adolescents were evaluated and 98 (39.7%) were classified as bullies. Power-assertive and punitive discipline by either mother or father was associated with bullying perpetration by their children. Mothers who mostly used this type of discipline were 4.36 (95% CI: 1.87-10.16; p<0.001) times more likely of having a bully child. Psychological aggression and mild forms of corporal punishment presented the highest odds ratios. Overall inductive discipline was not associated with bullying. CONCLUSIONS bullying was associated to parents' assertive and punitive discipline. Finding different ways of disciplining children and adolescents might decrease bullying behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graziela A H Zottis
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, PR, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Giovanni A Salum
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, PR, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatria do Desenvolvimento para a Infância e Adolescência, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Luciano R Isolan
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, PR, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Gisele G Manfro
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, PR, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatria do Desenvolvimento para a Infância e Adolescência, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Elizeth Heldt
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, PR, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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20
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Wang MT, Kenny S. Longitudinal links between fathers' and mothers' harsh verbal discipline and adolescents' conduct problems and depressive symptoms. Child Dev 2014; 85:908-923. [PMID: 24001259 PMCID: PMC3875601 DOI: 10.1111/cdev.12143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
This study used cross-lagged modeling to examine reciprocal relations between maternal and paternal harsh verbal discipline and adolescents' conduct problems and depressive symptoms. Data were from a sample of 976 two-parent families and their children (51% males; 54% European American, 40% African American). Mothers' and fathers' harsh verbal discipline at age 13 predicted an increase in adolescent conduct problems and depressive symptoms between ages 13 and 14. A child effect was also present, with adolescent misconduct at age 13 predicting increases in mothers' and fathers' harsh verbal discipline between ages 13 and 14. Furthermore, maternal and paternal warmth did not moderate the longitudinal associations between mothers' and fathers' use of harsh verbal discipline and adolescent conduct problems and depressive symptoms.
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21
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Parental Physical Punishment and Adolescent Adjustment: Bidirectionality and the Moderation Effects of Child Ethnicity and Parental Warmth. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY 2014; 42:717-30. [DOI: 10.1007/s10802-013-9827-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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23
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Wekerle C. Emotionally maltreated: the under-current of impairment? CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2011; 35:899-903. [PMID: 22015206 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2011.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2011] [Revised: 09/13/2011] [Accepted: 09/13/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
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