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Sattler K, Yoon S, Lutolli A. Trajectories of resilience among young children involved with child protective services. Dev Psychopathol 2024; 36:467-477. [PMID: 36734113 DOI: 10.1017/s095457942200133x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Although child maltreatment is associated with short- and long-term maladaptive outcomes, some children are still able to display resilience. Currently, there is a limited understanding of how children's resilience changes over time after experiencing maltreatment, especially for young children. Therefore, the current study used a longitudinal, multidimensional approach to examine trajectories of resilience among very young children involved in child protective services and determine whether placement setting and caregiving behaviors are associated with resilience trajectories. This study used data from National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being I and conducted repeated measures latent class analysis, focusing on children under 2 years old at baseline (n = 1,699). Results suggested that there were three trajectories of resilience: increasing resilience, decreasing resilience, and stable, low resilience. Caregiver cognitive stimulation was related to increasing trajectories of resilience compared to both decreasing and stable, low resilience. These findings illustrate the importance of caregiving behaviors for promoting resilience among a particularly vulnerable population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kierra Sattler
- Human Development and Family Studies, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Susan Yoon
- College of Social Work, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Social Welfare, College of Social Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seouol, Republic of Korea
| | - Agona Lutolli
- Human Development and Family Studies, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
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Vazquez AY, Shewark EA, Hyde LW, Klump KL, Burt SA. Parental Nurturance Moderates the Etiology of Youth Resilience. Behav Genet 2024; 54:137-149. [PMID: 37642790 PMCID: PMC10840741 DOI: 10.1007/s10519-023-10150-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Parenting behaviors are among the most robust predictors of youth resilience to adversity. Critically, however, very few studies examining these effects have been genetically-informed, and none have considered parenting as an etiologic moderator of resilience. What's more, despite the multidimensionality of resilience, extant etiologic literature has largely focused on a single domain. The current study sought to fill these respective gaps in the literature by examining whether and how parental nurturance shapes the etiology of academic, social, and psychological resilience, respectively. We employed a unique sample of twins (N = 426 pairs; ages 6-11) exposed to moderate-to-severe levels of environmental adversity (i.e., family poverty, neighborhood poverty, community violence) from the Twin Study of Behavioral and Emotional Development in Children. As expected, parental nurturance was positively correlated with all forms of resilience. Extended univariate genotype-by-environment interaction models revealed that parental nurturance significantly moderated genetic influences on all three domains of resilience (academic resilience A1= -0.53, psychological resilience A1= -1.22, social resilience A1= -0.63; all p < .05), such that as parental nurturance increased, genetic influences on youth resilience decreased. Put another way, children experiencing high levels of parental nurturance were more resilient to disadvantage, regardless of their genetic predisposition towards resilience. In the absence of nurturing parenting, however, genetic influences played an outsized role in the origins of resilience. Such findings indicate that parental nurturance may serve as a malleable protective factor that increases youth resilience regardless of genetic influences.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Luke W Hyde
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kelly L Klump
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - S Alexandra Burt
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
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Wang Q. The Effect of Parenting Practices on Creativity: Mediating Role of Psychological Resilience. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2023; 16:4501-4514. [PMID: 37936972 PMCID: PMC10627049 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s436370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim This study aimed to investigate the relationship between parenting practices and creativity (both general and malignant creativity) in a representative sample of college students in China, and to explore the potential mediating role of resilience. Methods The study was conducted among 1201 Chinese college students who completed questionnaires on parenting practices, creativity, and resilience. The parenting practices were assessed using the short-form Egna Minnen av Barndoms Uppfostran for Chinese, while creativity was measured using the Malevolent Creativity Behavior Scale and the Runco Ideational Behavior Scale. The Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale was used to assess resilience. Results The results showed that parental warmth had a positive correlation with general creativity, but a negative correlation with malevolent creativity. In contrast, parental rejection and over-protection had a negative correlation with general creativity, but a positive correlation with malevolent creativity. Furthermore, resilience fully mediated the relationship between emotional warmth, rejection, and general creativity, and partially mediated the relationship between over-protection and general creativity and between all parenting practices and malevolent creativity. Conclusion These findings suggest that parenting practices have a significant impact on creativity, and the type of creativity manifested may depend on the specific parenting practices. Additionally, the study highlights the importance of resilience as a potential mediator in the relationship between parenting practices and creativity. The implications of these findings for parenting practices and interventions to foster creativity and resilience are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoling Wang
- Education Center for Mental Health, Yantai Vocational College of Culture and Tourism, Yantai, Shandong, 264000, People’s Republic of China
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Yoon S, Pei F, Logan J, Helsabeck N, Hamby S, Slesnick N. Early childhood maltreatment and profiles of resilience among child welfare-involved children. Dev Psychopathol 2023; 35:711-723. [PMID: 35129106 PMCID: PMC9357229 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579421001851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Given the high burden of child maltreatment, there is an urgent need to know more about resilient functioning among those who have experienced maltreatment. The aims of the study were to: 1) identify distinct profiles of resilience across cognitive, emotional, behavioral, and social domains in young children involved in the child welfare system; and 2) examine maltreatment characteristics and family protective factors in relation to the identified resilience profiles. A secondary analysis was conducted using data from the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being (NSCAW-II). Latent profile analysis was performed on a sample of 827 children aged 3-5 years (46% girls, Mean age = 3.96). Three distinct resilience profiles were identified: 1) low cognitive resilience (24%); 2) low emotional and behavioral resilience (20%); and 3) multidomain resilience (56%). Caregiver cognitive stimulation, no out-of-home placement, higher caregiver education level, older child age, and being a girl were associated with the multidomain resilience profile. The findings provide empirical support for the multifaceted nature of resilience and suggest that practitioners need to help children achieve optimal and balanced development by assessing, identifying, and targeting those domains in which children struggle to obtain competence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Yoon
- College of Social Work, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Fei Pei
- College of Social Work, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- School of Social Work, Falk College, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Jessica Logan
- Quantitative Research, Evaluation and Measurement, College of Education and Human Ecology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Nathan Helsabeck
- Quantitative Research, Evaluation and Measurement, College of Education and Human Ecology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Sherry Hamby
- Department of Psychology, The University of the South, Sewanee, TN, USA
- Life Paths Research Center, Sewanee, TN, USA
| | - Natasha Slesnick
- Department of Human Sciences, College of Education and Human Ecology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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Yoon S, Howell K, Dillard R, Shockley McCarthy K, Rae Napier T, Pei F. Resilience Following Child Maltreatment: Definitional Considerations and Developmental Variations. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2021; 22:541-559. [PMID: 31405362 DOI: 10.1177/1524838019869094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Resilience following childhood maltreatment has received substantial empirical attention, with the number of studies on this construct growing exponentially in the past decade. While there is ample interest, inconsistencies remain about how to conceptualize and assess resilience. Further, there is a lack of consensus on how developmental stage influences resilience and how protective factors affect its expression. The current systematic review uses a developmental lens to synthesize findings on resilience following child maltreatment. Specifically, this article consolidates the body of empirical literature in a developmentally oriented review, with the intention of inclusively assessing three key areas-the conceptualization of resilience, assessment of resilience, and factors associated with resilience in maltreatment research. A total of 67 peer-reviewed, quantitative empirical articles that examined child maltreatment and resilience were included in this review. Results indicate that some inconsistencies in the literature may be addressed by utilizing a developmental lens and considering the individual's life stage when selecting a definition of resilience and associated measurement tool. The findings also support developmental variations in factors associated with resilience, with different individual, relational, and community protective factors emerging based on life stage. Implications for practice, policy, and research are incorporated throughout this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Yoon
- College of Social Work, 2647The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Kathryn Howell
- Department of Psychology, 5415The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Rebecca Dillard
- College of Social Work, 2647The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - Taylor Rae Napier
- Department of Psychology, 5415The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Fei Pei
- College of Social Work, 2647The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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Yoon S, Dillard R, Pei F, McCarthy KS, Beaujolais B, Wang X, Maguire-Jack K, Wolf K, Cochey S. Defining resilience in maltreated children from the practitioners' perspectives: A qualitative study. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2020; 106:104516. [PMID: 32402817 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasingly, studies have focused on understanding positive outcomes in children who have been maltreated and the factors that contribute to resilience. However, there is no universally accepted definition of resilience, thus hindering the ability to make comparisons across studies and to use such information to inform interventions to foster resilience. OBJECTIVE The current study sought to address this gap by examining definitions of resilience in practitioners who work directly with maltreated children. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING 27 participants were recruited through two agencies that serve victims of child maltreatment in an urban Midwestern city. METHODS Through a series of 27 qualitative interviews, the current study examined the following research question: "How is resilience defined and understood by practitioners working with children who have experienced child maltreatment?" Thematic coding and analysis were used to analyze the data. RESULTS Findings suggest five unique themes described by practitioners as their definition of resilience: (a) surviving; (b) thriving; (c) perseverance; (d) reconciling and integrating traumatic experiences into healthy identity development; and (e) advocating for self. CONCLUSIONS Our findings highlight the spectral and nuanced nature of resilience among maltreated children. Implications for theory, research and practice are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Yoon
- College of Social Work, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - Rebecca Dillard
- College of Social Work, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Fei Pei
- College of Social Work, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | | | - Xiafei Wang
- School of Social Work, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | | | - Kathryn Wolf
- The Center for Family Safety and Healing, Columbus, OH, USA
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Gartland D, Riggs E, Muyeen S, Giallo R, Afifi TO, MacMillan H, Herrman H, Bulford E, Brown SJ. What factors are associated with resilient outcomes in children exposed to social adversity? A systematic review. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e024870. [PMID: 30975671 PMCID: PMC6500354 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-024870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Children exposed to social adversity-hardship as a result of social circumstances such as poverty or intergenerational trauma-are at increased risk of poor outcomes across the life course. Understanding what promotes resilient outcomes is essential for the development of evidence informed intervention strategies. We conducted a systematic review to identify how child resilience is measured and what factors are associated with resilient outcomes. DESIGN Systematic search conducted in CINAHL, MEDLINE and PsychInfo from January 2004 to October 2018 using the keywords 'resilien* and child* in the title or abstract. Eligible studies: (1) described children aged 5-12 years; (2) identified exposure to social adversity; (3) identified resilience; and (4) investigated factors associated with resilience. OUTCOME MEASURES (1) approaches to identifying resilience and (2) factors associated with resilient outcomes. RESULTS From 1979 studies retrieved, 30 studies met the inclusion criteria. Most studies were moderate to high quality, with low cultural competency. Social adversity exposures included poverty, parent loss, maltreatment and war. Only two studies used a measure of child resilience; neither was psychometrically validated. Remaining studies classified children as resilient if they showed positive outcomes (eg, mental health or academic achievement) despite adversity. A range of child, family, school and community factors were associated with resilient outcomes, with individual factors most commonly investigated. The best available evidence was for cognitive skills, emotion regulation, relationships with caregivers and academic engagement. CONCLUSIONS While there is huge variation in the type and severity of adversity that children experience, there is some evidence that specific individual, relational and school factors are associated with resilient outcomes across a range of contexts. Such factors provide an important starting point for effective public health interventions to promote resilience and to prevent or ameliorate the immediate and long-term impacts of social adversity on children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deirdre Gartland
- Intergenerational Health, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elisha Riggs
- Intergenerational Health, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Melbourne, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sumaiya Muyeen
- Intergenerational Health, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rebecca Giallo
- Intergenerational Health, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Melbourne, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tracie O Afifi
- Department of Community Health Sciences and Department of Psychiatry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Harriet MacMillan
- Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, and of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Helen Herrman
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Eleanor Bulford
- Intergenerational Health, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stephanie J Brown
- Intergenerational Health, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Melbourne, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
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Resilience to Interpersonal Stress: Why Mattering Matters When Building the Foundation of Mentally Healthy Schools. HANDBOOK OF SCHOOL-BASED MENTAL HEALTH PROMOTION 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-89842-1_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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9
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Tessier NG, O'Higgins A, Flynn RJ. Neglect, educational success, and young people in out-of-home care: Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2018; 75:115-129. [PMID: 28602472 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2017.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Revised: 05/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Maltreated young persons in out-of-home care often have poor educational outcomes, heightening their risk of long-term psychosocial disadvantage (Forsman, Brännström, Vinnerljung, & Hjern, 2016). In their systematic reviews, Romano, Babchishin, Marquis, and Fréchette (2014) and O'Higgins, Sebba, and Gardner (in press) found evidence that neglect was more often linked with low academic achievement, whereas abuse was more likely to be associated with behavioral difficulties. In large samples of young persons in out-of-home care in Ontario, Canada, who had experienced mainly neglect, we investigated risk and protective factors as predictors of educational success. In a cross-sectional hierarchical regression analysis (N=3659, aged 11-17 years), female gender, youth educational aspirations, caregiver educational aspirations for youth, time with current caregiver, internal developmental assets, and positive mental health were associated with better educational success. Neglect, grade retention, special educational needs, ethnic minority status, behavioral problems, and soft-drug use were associated with poorer educational outcomes. Gender significantly moderated caregiver educational aspirations and youth placement type. In a longitudinal analysis of a subsample (N=962, aged 11-15 years at Time 1), covering three years, a large decline in educational success (d=-0.80) was observed. Female gender, internal developmental assets, and positive mental health positively predicted, and soft drug use negatively predicted, greater educational success at Time 2. These results point to factors that help or hinder educational success among young people in care and should inform new interventions or improved versions of existing ones that address educational success in the context of neglect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas G Tessier
- School of Psychology and Centre for Research on Educational and Community Services (CRECS), University of Ottawa, 75 Laurier Ave. E, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada.
| | - Aoife O'Higgins
- Department of Education and REES Centre for Research on Fostering and Education, University of Oxford, 15 Norham Gardens, Oxford, OX2 6PY, UK.
| | - Robert J Flynn
- School of Psychology and Centre for Research on Educational and Community Services (CRECS), University of Ottawa, 75 Laurier Ave. E, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada.
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Raman S, Ruston S, Irwin S, Tran P, Hotton P, Thorne S. Taking culture seriously: Can we improve the developmental health and well-being of Australian Aboriginal children in out-of-home care? Child Care Health Dev 2017; 43:899-905. [PMID: 28736897 DOI: 10.1111/cch.12488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children in out-of-home care have well-documented health and developmental needs. Research suggests that Aboriginal children in care have unmet health and intervention needs. In metropolitan Sydney, Kari Aboriginal Resources Inc. (KARI), an Aboriginal organization, provides support to indigenous children in care, including clinical assessment and intervention. We wanted to determine the health and developmental needs of a subset of children in out-of-home care with KARI, who had been in stable care for at least a year. We wanted to identify child, carer, and intervention characteristics that contributed to children doing well. We also wanted to identify enablers and barriers to providing culturally competent intervention. METHODS We used mixed methods. From the KARI clinic database over the past 3 years, we identified children who had been in stable care with KARI for >12 months. We compared clinical measures and outcomes for these children with results from previous audits. We carried out a group discussion and key informant interviews with therapists and caseworkers to identify risk and resilience factors for each child, as well as enablers and barriers to culturally competent intervention. RESULTS The health and developmental profile of the 26 children identified as being in stable care was similar to that of previous audits. Most (88%) were getting speech pathology intervention; one third were getting occupational therapy and psychological intervention; most children and their carers attended cultural programmes. The majority of children (25/26) improved in their developmental health. Caseworkers and therapists identified risk and resilience factors related to child, carer, and home characteristics. They also identified elements of good practice; systemic issues prevented some interventions from being carried out. CONCLUSIONS There are challenges delivering a trauma-informed, culturally respectful service to Aboriginal children in out-of-home care in an urban setting, but it can be done if attention is paid to culture and the enablers and barriers are identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Raman
- Department of Community Paediatrics, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Liverpool, NSW, Australia.,School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - S Ruston
- Kari Aboriginal Resources Inc., Liverpool, NSW, Australia.,Allied Health Department, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
| | - S Irwin
- Kari Aboriginal Resources Inc., Liverpool, NSW, Australia
| | - P Tran
- Kari Aboriginal Resources Inc., Liverpool, NSW, Australia.,Allied Health Department, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
| | - P Hotton
- Child Protection Unit, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - S Thorne
- Kari Aboriginal Resources Inc., Liverpool, NSW, Australia
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Attar-Schwartz S, Benbenishty R, Roziner I. Change trajectories of aggressive behavior among children in long-term residential care. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2017; 65:158-170. [PMID: 28167310 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2017.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study examined change trajectories of aggressive behaviors among children in long-term residential care in Israel and identified various child-, family-, and placement-related predictors of the change trajectories. Records of 799 children (average age at the beginning of the four years=10.4, 33.1% female) in their first four consecutive years in care were analyzed using the TRF aggressive behavior subscale (Achenbach, 1991) to measure the outcome variable. Children's and parents' characteristics and placement-related factors were used to explain variance in change trajectories. Latent Class Growth Analyses identified four aggressive behavior trajectories: 'stable-low' levels of aggressiveness over time (45% of the children), 'stable-high' levels (13%), 'improvement' (20%), and 'deterioration' (22%). Predictors of less resilient trajectories (i.e., stable-high or increasing aggressiveness) included mothers' difficulties and disabilities, children's attendance of special education classes, more intensive type of care, and non-immigrant status. The Attachment Theory, Life Course Perspective theories, and the General Strain Theory are used to interpret some of the findings of the study. Identifying the factors that predispose children to certain patterns of change may help direct resources to children at risk of having high or increasing levels of aggression while in residential care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalhevet Attar-Schwartz
- Paul Baerwald School of Social Work and Social Welfare, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Mount Scopus, Jerusalem 91905, Israel.
| | - Rami Benbenishty
- Louis and Gabi Weisfeld School of Social Work, Bar-Ilan University, Israel
| | - Ilan Roziner
- Department of Communication Disorders, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Israel
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de Tychey C, Vandelet E, Laurent M, Lighezzolo-Alnot J, Prudent C, Evrard R. Child Sexual Abuse, Baby Gender, and Intergenerational Psychic Transmission: An Exploratory, Projective Psychoanalytic Approach. Psychoanal Rev 2016; 103:221-250. [PMID: 27042982 DOI: 10.1521/prev.2016.103.2.221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this article is to present a French psychoanalytic model of how and to what extent the sequellae of sexual abuse by a male during a girl's childhood are transmitted to the next generation, as a function of the gender of the abused mother's children. The authors conducted a qualitative exploratory study based on the longitudinal follow-up of a woman who had two boys and a girl. They focused on the impact of two general sequellae: separation anxiety and negativity-disqualification of the paternal and/or male figures. From the methodological standpoint, they used a clinical interview to assess the mother, and a projective tool, a storytelling test, to assess the child's personality using content analysis. The results confirm both the merits of the theoretical framework and the relevance of the projective methodology for grasping sequellae transmitted to the child. The sequellae turned out to be markedly different for the two baby genders: rejection for the male, overprotection and ghostly encryption for the female. Avenues for using this tool and model in future quantitative, comparative studies are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claude de Tychey
- University of Lorraine, Campus Nancy, 23 Boulevard Albert 1er. 54015, Nancy Cedex, France. E-mail:
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Balluerka N, Muela A, Amiano N, Caldentey MA. Promoting psychosocial adaptation of youths in residential care through animal-assisted psychotherapy. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2015; 50:193-205. [PMID: 26443670 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2015.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Revised: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to examine the influence of animal-assisted psychotherapy (AAP) on the psychosocial adaptation of a group of adolescents in residential care who had suffered traumatic childhood experiences and who presented with mental health problems. This study recruited 63 youths (mean age=15.27, SD=1.63) who were divided into two groups: a treatment group of 39 youths (19 female and 20 male; mean age=15.03, SD=0.51) and a control group of 24 (five female and 19 male; mean age=15.67, SD=1.63). The youths who underwent the AAP program had higher school adjustment in comparison to their peers who did not receive treatment. Their hyperactive behavior decreased, and they showed better social skills, more leadership, and fewer attention problems. They also showed a more positive attitude toward their teachers in comparison to controls. No differences were observed in other variables associated with clinical symptoms or personal adjustment. These results suggest that AAP can be effective with teenagers who have suffered childhood traumas and who present with problems of psychosocial adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nekane Balluerka
- University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Department of Social Psychology and Methodology of the Behavioural Sciences, Avenida de Tolosa, 70, 20018 San Sebastián, Gipuzkoa, Spain; Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Doctor Begiristain Kalea, 20014 San Sebastián, Gipuzkoa, Spain
| | - Alexander Muela
- University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatment, Avenida de Tolosa, 70, 20018 San Sebastián, Gipuzkoa, Spain
| | - Nora Amiano
- ANOTHE, Association of Animal and Nature-Assisted Therapy, Particular de Club, 4 - 4(o) E-1, 48930 Getxo, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Miguel A Caldentey
- ANOTHE, Association of Animal and Nature-Assisted Therapy, Particular de Club, 4 - 4(o) E-1, 48930 Getxo, Bizkaia, Spain
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Bell T, Romano E, Flynn RJ. Profiles and predictors of behavioral resilience among children in child welfare. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2015; 48:92-103. [PMID: 26002600 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2015.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Revised: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Children living in out-of-home care have experienced a multitude of adversities, often resulting in compromised functioning. The current study used Ontario Looking After Children (OnLAC) project data to estimate developmental trajectories of behavioral outcomes (i.e., conduct and emotional problems) over a 4-year period (i.e., ages 6-10 to 9-13) in 313 children living in out-of-home care. Predictors measured at baseline (e.g., sex) and across the subsequent 4-year period (e.g., parenting practices) were also investigated. Findings indicated that 64.2% and 58.6% followed resilient trajectories for conduct behaviors and emotional functioning, respectively. Predictors of resilient trajectories included internal developmental assets, number of children in the home, whether the child was receiving treatment, and positive parenting. Findings need to be interpreted with an understanding that children in out-of-home care have varying levels of functioning across various domains (e.g., educational, social) other than the ones measured here. Predictors were static and dynamic and cut across various contexts, emphasizing the importance of considering child functioning within an ecological model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa Bell
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Vanier Hall, 136 Jean Jacques Lussier, Room 6021, Ottawa, Ontario K1N6N5, Canada
| | - Elisa Romano
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Vanier Hall, 136 Jean Jacques Lussier, Room 4023, Ottawa, Ontario K1N6N5, Canada
| | - Robert J Flynn
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Vanier Hall, 136 Jean Jacques Lussier, Room 5002G, Ottawa, Ontario K1N6N5, Canada
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