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Salomão S, Canário AC, Cruz O. Episodic foresight, episodic memory, and executive functions in children engaged with Child Protective Services: The role of cumulative risk. J Exp Child Psychol 2024; 246:105985. [PMID: 38909522 DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2024.105985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Previous studies have determined that exposure to risk and adversities may impair children's cognitive abilities. In particular, children engaged with Child Protective Services (CPS) seem to be at greater risk for enhanced detrimental effects resulting from the cumulative risk factors to which they are exposed. However, little is known about children's future thinking when they face adverse circumstances, and it is not clear how the associations among episodic foresight abilities, episodic memory, and executive functions work with children under such circumstances. The current study describes the episodic foresight abilities of CPS-involved school-aged children, its association with other cognitive abilities, and how this association is affected by the exposure to cumulative risk and adversity factors. Episodic foresight, episodic memory, executive functions, and a composite of cumulative risk factors were analyzed in a sample of 95 school-aged children engaged with CPS in Portugal. Results suggest the detrimental effect of cumulative risk on the episodic foresight abilities of CPS-involved children. Episodic memory and cognitive flexibility were significant predictors of episodic foresight abilities, and cumulative risk exposure moderated the relation between episodic memory and episodic foresight. The current study provides a better understanding of the influences of multiple adversities on CPS-involved children's episodic foresight abilities and related cognitive outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanmya Salomão
- Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences of the University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Ana Catarina Canário
- Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences of the University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Orlanda Cruz
- Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences of the University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
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Ahn E, Prindle J, Reddy J, Putnam-Hornstein E. Predictors of Maternal Recidivism in the Child Protection System. CHILD MALTREATMENT 2023; 28:307-317. [PMID: 35544949 DOI: 10.1177/10775595221100715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Child maltreatment recidivism is typically measured and studied at the individual level. Conditions that give rise to child abuse and neglect, however, typically affect multiple children in a given family. In the current study, we estimated maltreatment recidivism at the maternal level and examined its risk as a function of maternal sociodemographic characteristics that may change over time. Using linked administrative records, we identified a subset of first-time mothers in California whose first child was reported to the child protection system (CPS) between birth and age 5 and who then gave birth to another child (n = 14,715). Following the firstborn child's CPS reporting, nearly half of these mothers (43.3%) were re-reported concerning the non-firstborn children during the first 5 years of the child's life. Risk factors consistently documented across births were associated with a heightened risk of maternal CPS recidivism. Our study advances an understanding of the full extent of maltreatment recidivism by broadening the focus from individual children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunhye Ahn
- Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, 115162University of Southern California, California, CA, USA
| | - John Prindle
- Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, 115162University of Southern California, California, CA, USA
| | - Julia Reddy
- Gillings School of Public Health, 41474University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Emily Putnam-Hornstein
- Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, 115162University of Southern California, California, CA, USA
- School of Social Work, 279022University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Kim K, Choi J, Jang H, Lee HJ, Jang H. Predictive model for intra-familial child maltreatment re-reports and recurrence in South Korea: Analysis of national child protection services case records. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2022; 125:105487. [PMID: 35065472 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2022.105487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Child maltreatment recurrence has a significant negative impact on child well-being and may indicate low effectiveness of child protection services (CPS). In South Korea, 10.4% of child maltreatment cases in 2016 had previous CPS involvement. Identifying and understanding significant predictors of child maltreatment re-reports and recurrence has been a critical task in maltreatment research. However, this task has rarely been attempted in South Korea. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine child maltreatment re-reports and recurrence among children involved in CPS in Korea, identify correlates of child maltreatment re-reports and recurrence with predictors, and explore the consistency or inconsistency of correlates between re-reports and recurrence. METHODS The present study analyzed 5349 case records from the National Child Maltreatment Data System, which included information collected by Korean CPS regarding maltreatment, child, parent or perpetrator, and service characteristics. RESULTS Results showed that the recurrence rate was 5.9% over the two-year period. In contrast to previous studies, neglect was not found to be a significant predictor of recurrence. Perpetrators' problem-solving skills and survival stress, as well as children's disability status, were significant predictors of recurrence. Receiving welfare assistance was a significant predictor of re-reports (AOL = 1.42, p < 0.01) but not a significant predictor of recurrence. CONCLUSION Compared to other empirical studies conducted in several countries, we found similarities and differences regarding predictors of child maltreatment re-reports and recurrences. The results reiterate the importance of family intervention to prevent maltreatment recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kihyun Kim
- Sungkyunkwan University, Department of Social Welfare, South Korea.
| | - Jungtae Choi
- Sungkyunkwan University, Department of Social Welfare, South Korea
| | - Heesun Jang
- National Center for the Rights of the Child, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun Ji Lee
- Sungkyunkwan University, Department of Social Welfare, South Korea
| | - Hwajung Jang
- National Center for the Rights of the Child, Seoul, South Korea
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Wang J, Mao F, Wu L, Yang X, Zhang X, Sun Y, Huang Y, Lu YE, Luan X, Cao F. Work-related potential traumatic events and job burnout among operating room nurses: Independent effect, cumulative risk, and latent class approaches. J Adv Nurs 2021; 78:2042-2054. [PMID: 34850448 DOI: 10.1111/jan.15114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The objective of this study is to explore and compare the strength of associations between work-related potential traumatic events and burnout among operating room nurses based on three different approaches. DESIGN The study followed a multisite cross-sectional design. METHODS A stratified sampling method was conducted. Cities in the Shandong Province were divided into four groups, and two tertiary hospitals were randomly selected from all tertiary hospitals in cities of each group. A total of 361 eligible operating room nurses provided valid questionnaires between June and November 2019. Work-related potential traumatic events questionnaire and the Chinese version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory were conducted. Associations between individual, cumulative potential traumatic events, as well as latent class analysis-derived patterns of potential traumatic experiences with burnout were examined using logistic regression analysis. RESULTS Specific traumatic events (e.g., patients' sudden death, bullying and ostracism from colleagues) were independently associated with an increased risk of burnout. Work-related potential traumatic events had a cumulative effect on burnout, whereby operating room nurses exposed to cumulative potential traumatic events carried a higher risk for burnout than others. The "multiple work-related potential traumatic events" pattern derived by latent class analysis was related to an increased risk of high depersonalization. CONCLUSION Operating room nurses who reported specific or multiple work-related potential traumatic events were at high risk for burnout. It is of great significance to provide qualified and timely counselling or support. IMPACT This study is the first to focus on work-related potential traumatic events among operating room nurses and examine their relationship with burnout based on three perspectives. The findings could help identify those operating room nurses who are at high risk of burnout in clinical practice. Hospital managers should develop targeted interventions to prevent or mitigate the harmful impact of potential traumatic events on occupational health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wang
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Fangxiang Mao
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Liuliu Wu
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiaomei Yang
- Linyi People' s Hosipital, Linyi, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yaoyao Sun
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yongqi Huang
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yan' E Lu
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiaorong Luan
- Qilu Hospital, Cheloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Fenglin Cao
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
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Dawe S, Harnett P, Gullo MJ, Eggins E, Barlow J. Moderators and mediators of outcomes of parents with substance use problems: further evaluation of the Parents under Pressure programme. Addiction 2021; 116:3206-3218. [PMID: 34033205 PMCID: PMC8518422 DOI: 10.1111/add.15579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Family-focused interventions can improve family functioning when parents have substance use problems. However, there has been little focus upon potential predictors of change and analysis of mechanisms of change. This study aims to identify mediators and moderators of change in a pragmatic, multi-site, randomized controlled trial of the Parents under Pressure (PuP) programme, a family-focused intervention for parents with substance use and other problems, and treatment-as-usual (TAU). DESIGN Secondary analysis of data: multi-level modelling was used to investigate moderators of treatment outcome; mediation was tested with cross-lagged models. SETTING Community-based family support services in the United Kingdom. PARTICIPANTS Parents (n = 100) attending community-based addiction services with children aged 2.5 years or younger. MEASUREMENTS Predictors of the primary outcome, child abuse potential, were: baseline child age and gender, composite family risk score, parental substance use and parental emotional dysregulation. Mediation was tested across three time-points with the observed variables parental emotion dysregulation and child abuse potential. FINDINGS Increased child age [Z = 2.14, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.01, 0.33] at baseline was associated with greater reductions in child abuse potential for PuP programme participants compared with TAU. Poorer parental emotional regulation (Z = 2.48, 95% CI = -2.76, -0.32) was associated with greater reductions in child abuse potential for all participants. Parental substance use (either recent use or primary substance of concern) did not alter any treatment effects on child abuse potential. The mediation analysis showed that PuP produced greater improvements in emotional regulation at post-treatment (P < 0.001) compared with TAU, which predicted lower child abuse potential at 6-month follow up (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS For UK parents enrolled in a family-focused intervention, baseline measurements of higher child age appear to be associated with greater reductions in child abuse potential at 6-month follow-up in PuP participants compared with treatment as usual (TAU). Poorer parental emotional regulation and, potentially, higher family risk, appears to be associated with greater reductions in child abuse potential at 6-month follow-up in PuP and TAU. Emotional regulation appeared to act as a mediator as improvements in parental emotional regulation post-treatment appeared to be associated with greater reductions in child abuse potential at 6-month follow up. Notably, participation in the PuP programme led to better parental emotional regulation compared with TAU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Dawe
- School of PsychologyGriffith UniversityBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Paul Harnett
- School of Criminology and Criminal JusticeGriffith UniversityBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Matthew J. Gullo
- National Centre for Youth Substance Use ResearchUniversity of QueenslandAustralia
| | | | - Jane Barlow
- Department of Social Policy and InterventionUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
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Jeong H, Yim HW, Lee SY, Lee HK, Potenza MN, Park M. Joint effects of children's emotional problems and parental depressive symptoms on the occurrence of internet gaming disorder among children and adolescents: A longitudinal study. J Behav Addict 2021; 10:244-252. [PMID: 34128830 PMCID: PMC8996792 DOI: 10.1556/2006.2021.00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Parental depressive symptoms may aggravate the effects of children's emotional problems on risks for Internet gaming disorder (IGD). Here we examined the joint effects of children's emotional problems and parents' depressive symptoms on the incidence of IGD. METHODS A large prospective, population-based cohort tested potential interactions between children's emotional problems, parents' depressive symptoms, and incidence of high risk of IGD (HRIGD). Family dyads (n=2,031) that included children who were non-HRIGD at baseline completed assessments of childhood and parental affective symptomatology. HRIGD was assessed at baseline and 12 months. Relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI) estimated the magnitudes of interactions. RESULTS In terms of risk for the development of IGD, parental depression was 1.8 times greater, children's emotional problems were 2.9 times greater, and both risk factors together were 6.1 times greater than the background risk, with the last two findings reaching statistical significance. The expected risk for the development of HRIGD was RR=3.7. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Children's emotional problems demonstrated a particularly strong relationship with HRIGD. Joint effects of children's emotional problems and depressive symptoms in parents on the incidence of HRIGD were stronger than the sum of the independent effects of each factor. The findings suggest that combining interventions for the treatment of children's emotional problems and parents' depressive symptoms may have extra risk reduction effects on preventing IGD in children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunsuk Jeong
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyeon Woo Yim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung-Yup Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hae Kook Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Marc N. Potenza
- Departments of Psychiatry, Neuroscience and Child Study Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Connecticut Council on Problem Gambling, Wethersfield, CT, USA
- Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Misun Park
- Department of Biostatistics, Clinical Research Coordinating Center, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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Salisbury MR, Stienwandt S, Giuliano R, Penner-Goeke L, Fisher PA, Roos LE. Stress system reactivity moderates the association between cumulative risk and children's externalizing symptoms. Int J Psychophysiol 2020; 158:248-258. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2020.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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McGoron L, Riley MR, Scaramella LV. Cumulative socio-contextual risk and child abuse potential in parents of young children: Can social support buffer the impact? CHILD & FAMILY SOCIAL WORK 2020; 25:865-874. [PMID: 33071561 PMCID: PMC7567129 DOI: 10.1111/cfs.12771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Child abuse potential refers to characteristics and practices closely linked to child abuse. Past investigations document that the number of risk factors parents experience is a correlate of child abuse potential. The purpose of this investigation was to test a model with multiple domains of risk including cumulative socio-contextual risk, parenting locus of control, children's externalizing behavior problems, social support, and child abuse potential. Using self-report data from eighty-seven mothers of children between the ages of 1-5 years old, bivariate correlations and linear regression analyses revealed that cumulative socio-contextual risk was positively associated with child abuse potential and that this association remained statistically significant when controlling for parenting locus of control and child externalizing behavior problems. Additionally, social support moderated the association between cumulative risk and child abuse potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy McGoron
- Merrill Palmer Skillman Institute, Wayne State University, 71 E. Ferry Street Detroit, Michigan 48202
| | - Moira R Riley
- Center for Human Services Research, University at Albany
| | - Laura V Scaramella
- Department of Psychology, University of New Orleans, GP 2076, Geology and Psychology Building, 2000 Lakeshore Drive, New Orleans, LA 70148
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Wang YR, Sun JW, Lin PZ, Zhang HH, Mu GX, Cao FL. Suicidality among young adults: Unique and cumulative roles of 14 different adverse childhood experiences. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2019; 98:104183. [PMID: 31521907 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2019.104183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND College students with suicidal ideation (SI) are at high risk of suicide. Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are important risk factors for suicidal behavior. Most research in this area has been restricted to 10 conventional ACEs and suggests negative long-term developmental effects from other common childhood adversities such as peer victimization, peer isolation/rejection, exposure to community violence, and low socioeconomic status. OBJECTIVE To test the unique and cumulative associations of 14 different ACEs with SI among young adults. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING Participants were 989 college students from two universities in China's provincial-leveled Hui Autonomous Region. METHODS Associations between ACEs and SI were analyzed by logistic regression. A Chi-square trend test was used to examine the association between cumulative ACEs and SI. RESULTS The rates of suicidal ideation, plans, and attempts among the cohort were 11.9%, 3.7%, and 1.6%, respectively; 43.9% had experienced at least one ACE. The strongest predictor of SI in adulthood was peer isolation/rejection, followed by emotional neglect, then low socioeconomic status. There was a cumulative effect of ACEs and SI, whereby the greater the number of ACEs, the greater the likelihood of SI. CONCLUSION Peer isolation/rejection, emotional neglect, and low socioeconomic status were associated with increased risk of SI in adulthood. Two (peer isolation/rejection and low socioeconomic status) of the three factors that emerged from the analysis are not typically included in ACEs research. There was a cumulative effect of 14 kinds of ACEs on SI among young adults. Early recognition of risk factors is therefore important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Rong Wang
- School of Nursing, Shandong University, No.44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, China; School of Nursing, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Ji-Wei Sun
- School of Nursing, Shandong University, No.44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, China; Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 603 E. Daniel St. Champaign, IL, 61820, United States
| | - Ping-Zhen Lin
- School of Nursing, Shandong University, No.44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, China; The First Hospital of Quanzhou, Quanzhou, 362000, China
| | - Hui-Hui Zhang
- School of Nursing, Shandong University, No.44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, China; The Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Guo-Xia Mu
- School of Nursing, Shandong University, No.44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, China; School of Nursing, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Feng-Lin Cao
- School of Nursing, Shandong University, No.44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Health Economics and Policy Research, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.
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Jonson-Reid M, Chiang CJ, Kohl P, Drake B, Brown D, Guo S, Kim H, McBride T. Repeat reports among cases reported for child neglect: A scoping review. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2019; 92:43-65. [PMID: 30927611 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2019.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the United States (US), child welfare policy prioritizes prevention of future harm (e.g., repeat reports) after a report of maltreatment. The majority of reports include some form of child neglect, but no prior review of the recurrence literature has focused on neglect. OBJECTIVE This review sought to help guide future research, policy and practice by summarizing recurrence findings related to child neglect with attention to the broader ecological context in which maltreatment occurs. PARTICIPANTS The final review included 34 US studies of maltreatment recurrence. Twenty-eight studies compared child neglect with at least one other form of maltreatment and six studies examined recurrence among neglect cases. METHODS Eleven online databases were searched to locate relevant empirical studies. This review attended specifically to contextualizing findings according to other modifiable factors as well as methodological variation. A scoping review approach was used to summarize findings. RESULTS Of the 28 studies comparing neglect to other types of maltreatment, 14 found increased risk for neglect, 12 found no association, and two reported a lower risk. When significant, the effect size ranged from 10% to over three times higher risk for neglect. Poverty or material need was the most commonly included control (15 studies), with two thirds finding that lower resource families had higher risk. CONCLUSION Methodological variability across studies confounds current ability to guide practice or policy. More research is needed that can replicate and extend findings with comparable samples and model specifications that take into account the regional and policy context.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chien-Jen Chiang
- Brown School of Social Work, Washington University, United States
| | - Patricia Kohl
- Brown School of Social Work, Washington University, United States
| | - Brett Drake
- Brown School of Social Work, Washington University, United States
| | - Derek Brown
- Brown School of Social Work, Washington University, United States
| | - Shenyang Guo
- Brown School of Social Work, Washington University, United States
| | - Hyunil Kim
- School of Social Work, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, United States
| | - Timothy McBride
- Brown School of Social Work, Washington University, United States
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Goldberg AE, Blaauw E. Parental substance use disorder and child abuse: risk factors for child maltreatment? PSYCHIATRY, PSYCHOLOGY, AND LAW : AN INTERDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL OF THE AUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND ASSOCIATION OF PSYCHIATRY, PSYCHOLOGY AND LAW 2019; 26:959-969. [PMID: 32128019 PMCID: PMC7033710 DOI: 10.1080/13218719.2019.1664277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Although the literature consistently shows an association between parental substance use disorders (SUDs) and child abuse, it is unknown what factors discern non-abusive and abusive parents with SUDs. This study aims to investigate which specific risk factors are associated with child abuse in clinically treated parents with SUDs in the Netherlands. It examines two groups of parents with SUDs in a clinical setting, with and without known instances of child abuse. These groups were compared on SUD-related factors such as the type and severity of the SUDs, and variables addressing psychological disability such as comorbid diagnoses and quality of life. Other than a marginally significant difference in severity of addiction and a lower mean age of the parents in the child abuse group, no significant differences were found. The small sample size and the inherent difficulty of studying SUDs in a clinical sample is likely to have affected the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna E. Goldberg
- Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: Anna E. Goldberg, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands+3143 388 3119
| | - Eric Blaauw
- Verslavingszorg Noord Nederland, Hanze University of Applied Sciences, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Landers AL, McLuckie A, Cann R, Shapiro V, Visintini S, MacLaurin B, Trocmé N, Saini M, Carrey NJ. A scoping review of evidence-based interventions available to parents of maltreated children ages 0-5 involved with child welfare services. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2018; 76:546-560. [PMID: 28985958 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2017.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Parents referred to child welfare services for child maltreatment often struggle against chronic risk factors including violence, substance abuse, mental health concerns, and poverty, which impinge upon their ability to be sensitive caregivers. The first line of intervention within the child welfare context is to modify parenting behavior. This scoping review comprehensively surveyed all available literature to map the extent and range of research activity around the types of interventions available within a child welfare context to parents of infants and toddlers (0-5 years of age), to identify the facilitators and/or barriers to the uptake of interventions, and to check that interventions match the risk factors faced by parents. This scoping review engaged in stringent screening of studies based upon inclusion/exclusion criteria. Sixty-five articles involving forty-two interventions met inclusion criteria. Interventions generally aimed to improve parenting practices, the relationship between parent and child, and/or attachment security, along with reducing child abuse and/or neglect. A notable finding of this scoping review is that at present, interventions for parents of children ages 0-5 involved with the child welfare system are most frequently measured via case study and quasi-experimental designs, with randomized control trials making up 26.2% of included study designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley L Landers
- Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University, United States.
| | | | - Robin Cann
- IWK Health Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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Hornor G, Fischer BA. Child Sexual Abuse Revictimization: Child Demographics, Familial Psychosocial Factors, and Sexual Abuse Case Characteristics. JOURNAL OF FORENSIC NURSING 2016; 12:151-159. [PMID: 27749623 DOI: 10.1097/jfn.0000000000000124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The purposes of this study were to describe child demographics, familial psychosocial factors, and sexual abuse case characteristics in children experiencing sexual abuse revictimization before the age of 18 years, and to compare them with children not identified as experiencing revictimization. METHOD A retrospective chart review was conducted from both the revictimization group and the one-assessment group and reviewed for child sexual abuse case characteristics, familial psychosocial characteristics, and child demographic information. RESULTS Children in the revictimization group were younger and more likely to possess a developmental delay and mental health diagnosis when compared with children in the one-assessment group. Higher proportions of parents in the one-assessment group were supportive and believed their child's sexual abuse allegation when compared with parents of the revictimization group. Families in the revictimization group were more likely to report multiple psychosocial risk factors when compared with the one-assessment group, including domestic violence, substance abuse concerns, mental health, parental history of sexual abuse, and financial concerns. DISCUSSION This study suggests that children most at risk for sexual abuse revictimization often present with multiple familial psychosocial concerns and have parents/caregivers who are not supportive of them or their sexual abuse allegations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gail Hornor
- Author Affiliations: Center for Family Safety and Healing, Nationwide Children's Hospital
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