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Han X, Emery CR, Xie W, Ma C. Maternal victimization and neglected offspring: Child marriage, IPV and depression symptoms among Salar Muslim women. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2024; 154:106930. [PMID: 38970860 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.106930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Child neglect is prevalent in western rural China, yet there is limited research among ethnic minority communities. The Salar, a Turkic-Muslim ethnic minority residing primarily in western China, also face this specific problem. The group is deeply influenced by ethnicity, Islam and Chinese Confucianism, which in turn makes women vulnerable to child marriage and IPV. These victimizations, coupled with various life stressors, further complicate the challenges of providing adequate care for their children. OBJECTIVE This study hypothesizes a relationship between child neglect and maternal child marriage, IPV victimization, and depression symptoms. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING 201 married Salar women from five villages in Xunhua Salar Autonomous County, China, were randomly selected to participate in the study. METHOD A probability proportional to size (PPS) sampling approach was used to collect a random representative multi-stage cluster sample in 2022. Random effects Poisson regression models were used to test the hypotheses. RESULTS The participants reported a 65.6 % rate of child neglect and a 30.8 % rate of IPV in the past year. 37.6 % experienced child marriage. Results revealed significant associations between child neglect and child marriage, IPV, and depression symptoms. A two-way interaction between IPV and depression symptoms was strongly positively associated with child neglect. CONCLUSIONS This research indicates that Salar Muslim mothers who have experienced child marriage, adulthood victimization, and depression are at a higher risk of neglecting their children. The findings represent a valuable initial step toward researching and addressing the protection needs of women and children from Muslim ethnic minorities in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyuan Han
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Qinghai Minzu University, Qinghai, China.
| | - Clifton R Emery
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
| | - Weiyi Xie
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
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Liu Y, Wang L, Zhao J. Developmental trajectory of depressive symptoms among left-behind adolescents: The effects of parent-adolescent separation and parent-adolescent cohesion. J Adolesc 2024; 96:1102-1115. [PMID: 38509447 DOI: 10.1002/jad.12320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Left-behind adolescents are vulnerable to depressive symptoms under the context of parent-adolescent separation. However, limited knowledge is available regarding left-behind adolescents' depression trajectory and the protective resources against it. The aim of this longitudinal study was to investigate the depression trajectory and its association with parent-adolescent separation (left-behind status, age of separation and duration of separation) and parent-adolescent cohesion (father-adolescent cohesion, mother-adolescent cohesion) among left-behind adolescents. METHODS The participants were 1,107 left-behind adolescents (Mage = 13.23 ± 0.86 years at T1; 45.17% girls; 38.48% both-parent migrant adolescents, 61.52% father-only migrant adolescents) from two rural areas of Shandong Province in China, who were participated in assessment at three time points with 6 months apart from November 2014 to November 2015. RESULTS The results indicated that the trajectory of left-behind adolescents' depression symptoms showed a decreasing trend. Both-parent migrant adolescents reported a higher initial level of depressive symptoms than father-only migrant adolescents. Duration of separation positively predicted the initial level of left-behind adolescents' depressive symptoms. Mother-adolescent cohesion negatively predicted the initial level and positively predicted the change rate of left-behind adolescents' depressive symptoms. Moreover, mother-adolescent and father-adolescent cohesion buffered the negative effect of parent-adolescent separation on the initial level of left-behind adolescents' depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS These findings highlight the protective role of parent-adolescent cohesion for left-behind adolescents, having important implications for interventions targeted toward mitigating the detrimental influence of parent-adolescent separation on left-behind adolescents' depression trajectory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Liu
- School of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition, Research Center for Child Development, School of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Jingxin Zhao
- School of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, P.R. China
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Duan Z, Feng Y, Xu S, Gao D, Ji Y, Sun X, Chen R, Wang Y. The role of childhood left-behind experience on childhood trauma exposure and mental health outcomes: a propensity score matching (PSM) analysis. J Public Health (Oxf) 2023; 45:785-793. [PMID: 37210629 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdad060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND China has a significant number of left-behind families. This study focuses on the long-term effects of childhood left-behind experience on different type of childhood trauma and mental health outcomes in later life development. METHODS participants were 67 795 Chinese young adults. Psychosocial characteristics were screened by sleep quality, the nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire for depressive symptoms, the generalized anxiety disorder-7 for anxiety symptoms, trauma screening questionnaire for post-traumatic stress, a short form of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire for childhood trauma. Propensity score matching (PSM) and multivariate linear regression were applied to analyze the data. RESULTS the results of the post-PSM analysis showed that the distributions of propensity scores for the two groups were approximately equal. And the total sample size in post-analysis dropped to 2358 (Nnuclear family = 1179, Nleft-behind family = 1179), with unmatched cases excluded. Post-matching results showed that the students from left-behind family were significantly associated with severer post-traumatic stress (b = 0.39, 95% CI = [0.15, 0.62]), loneliness (b = 0.29, 95% CI = [0.16, 0.42]), depressive symptoms (b = 0.44, 95% CI = [0.06, 0.82]) and CTQ-physical neglect (b = 0.34, 95% CI = [0.11, 0.58]). CONCLUSION our study showed that childhood left-behind experiences are tightly related to childhood trauma experience and mental health issues (post-traumatic stress, loneliness and depression) in late adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhizhou Duan
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education, China; School of Psychology, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- Preventive Health Service, Jiangxi provincial people's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yi Feng
- Mental Health Center, Central University of Finance and Economics, Beijing, China
- Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Shicun Xu
- Northeast Asian Research Center, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Department of Population, Resources and Environment, Northeast Asian Studies College, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- China Center for Aging Studies and Social-Economic Development, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Desheng Gao
- School of Marxism, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Yan Ji
- School of Marxism, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Xi Sun
- Department of Population, Resources and Environment, Northeast Asian Studies College, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Runsen Chen
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education, China; School of Psychology, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
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Chen N, Zhao K, Chen IH, Liu G. The influence of parent-child relationships on the learning adaptability of left-behind children: the mediating role of peer attachment and the moderating role of separation duration. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1108993. [PMID: 37575438 PMCID: PMC10413388 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1108993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies have revealed the influence of parent-child relationships on the learning adaptability of left-behind children. However, the researchers have not explored the mechanisms underlying the parent-child relationships of left-behind children. The purpose of this study was not only to examine the mediating role of peer attachment in the relationship between parent-child relationships and learning adaptability but also to explore the moderating variable of separation duration in the relationship between parent-child relationships and peer attachment. The study examined 1,555 left-behind children and found that, after controlling for gender and grade, parent-child relationships positively predicted learning adaptability; peer attachment mediated the relationship between parent-child relationships and learning adaptability, and separation duration moderated the effect of parent-child relationships on peer attachment. The study reveals the importance of parent-child relationships and peer attachment in the growth and development of left-behind children, which is important for the improvement of left-behind children's learning adaptability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Chen
- School of Communication, Qufu Normal University, Rizhao, Shandong, China
| | - Keyun Zhao
- School of Communication, Qufu Normal University, Rizhao, Shandong, China
| | - I-Hua Chen
- Chinese Academy of Education Big Data, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong, China
| | - Guanling Liu
- School of Communication, Qufu Normal University, Rizhao, Shandong, China
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Yuan D, Yang P, Yang H, Tang H, Guo C. Challenges and Responses of Left-Behind Elderly and Children in Rural China Amid the New Population Development Stage. China CDC Wkly 2023; 5:609-613. [PMID: 37476620 PMCID: PMC10354534 DOI: 10.46234/ccdcw2023.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dianqi Yuan
- Institute of Population Research, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Peisen Yang
- APEC Health Science Academy, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Hanbing Yang
- Institute of Population Research, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Huameng Tang
- Institute of Population Research, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Guo
- Institute of Population Research, Peking University, Beijing, China
- APEC Health Science Academy, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Yong N, Luo J, Luo JM, Yao YS, Wu J, Yang H, Li JD, Yang S, Leng YY, Zheng HC, Fan Y, Hu YD, Ma J, Tan YW, Pan JY. Non-suicidal self-injury and professional psychological help-seeking among Chinese left-behind children: prevalence and influencing factors. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:291. [PMID: 37101196 PMCID: PMC10134637 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-04801-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is a risk factor for suicide. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of NSSI and professional psychological help-seeking status and influencing factors among left-behind children (LBC) in China. METHODS We implemented a population-based cross-sectional study in participants aged 10-18 years. Sociodemographic characteristics, NSSI, help-seeking status and coping style were measured by self-reported questionnaires. A total of 16,866 valid questionnaires were collected, including 6096 LBC. Binary logistic regression models were used to analyze the factors influencing NSSI and professional psychological help-seeking. RESULTS The incidence of NSSI among LBC was 4.6%, significantly higher than that of non-left-behind children (NLBC). This incidence was higher among girls. Moreover, 53.9% of LBC with NSSI did not receive any treatment and only 22.0% sought professional psychological help. LBC often adopt emotion-oriented coping styles, specifically, those with NSSI. LBC with NSSI who seek professional help tend to adopt problem-oriented coping styles. Logistic regression analysis revealed that girls, learning stage, single-parent, remarried families, patience, and emotional venting were risk factors for NSSI in LBC, while problem-solving and social support seeking were protective factors. Moreover, problem-solving was also a predictor for seeking professional psychological help, patience will prevent it. LIMITATIONS This was an online survey. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of NSSI in LBC is high. Gender, grade, family structure, and coping style affect the occurrence of NSSI among LBC. Only a few LBC with NSSI seek professional psychological help, while the coping style will affect the help-seeking behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Yong
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- School of Psychiatry, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychology, Nanchong Psychosomatic Hospital, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Luo
- School of Psychiatry, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Jia-Ming Luo
- School of Psychiatry, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China.
| | - Yi-Song Yao
- School of Psychiatry, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Mental Health Center, Southwest Petroleum University, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Han Yang
- School of Psychiatry, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing-Dan Li
- School of Psychiatry, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Shuang Yang
- School of Psychiatry, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Leng
- School of Psychiatry, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Hong-Chuan Zheng
- School of Psychiatry, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Yang Fan
- School of Psychiatry, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Ying-Dan Hu
- School of Psychiatry, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Jin Ma
- School of Psychiatry, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Ya-Wen Tan
- School of Psychiatry, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Ji-Yang Pan
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Yu S, Zhang C, Wang Y, Liu T, Chen X, Guo J, Zhang G, Xu W. Parental neglect, anxious attachment, perceived social support, and mental health among Chinese college students with left-behind experience: A longitudinal study. Psych J 2023; 12:150-160. [PMID: 36223893 DOI: 10.1002/pchj.611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The harm of childhood parental neglect to emerging adults' maladjustment has garnered empirical support. For college students who have left-behind experience (LBE), this relationship is rarely discussed and the psychological process underlying this relationship is not well understood. Using a longitudinal study and guided by the Risky Families model, this study aimed to explore the mediating roles of anxious attachment and perceived social support in the link between parental neglect and maladjustment of LBE college students. We used two-wave longitudinal data, with a time lag of 3 months, collected among Chinese college students with LBE in Chongqing (N = 391). The results revealed that parental neglect in wave one was positively associated with maladjustment (depression, anxiety, and stress) in wave two. Anxious attachment and perceived social support in wave two separately mediated the relationship between parental neglect in wave one and maladjustment in wave two. Anxious attachment and perceived social support in wave two only sequentially mediated the pathway from parental neglect to later depression. These findings emphasize the importance of anxious attachment and social support in resilience and have significant implications for LBE college students' social work practice in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Yu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education (Beijing Normal University), Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Chunyang Zhang
- China Academy of Civil Aviation Science and Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Linguistics, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
| | - Tianyuan Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education (Beijing Normal University), Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxi Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education (Beijing Normal University), Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaxin Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education (Beijing Normal University), Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Gaozheng Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education (Beijing Normal University), Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education (Beijing Normal University), Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.,School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
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Xu W, Xue S, Huang Y, Zhang X, Tang W, Kaufman MR. Childhood abuse, left-behind status and mental health among lesbian, gay, and bisexual young adults in China. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2022; 134:105936. [PMID: 36327763 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2022.105936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) young adults are at increased risk of mental distress in China. To better carry out psychological intervention, it is essential to understand unique patterns of mental distress and their association with childhood abuse/neglect, including experiencing being left behind by migrating parents. OBJECTIVE In a sample of Chinese LGB young adults, we examined: (1) associations between childhood abuse and left-behind status and mental distress; (2) latent profiles of mental distress; and (3) associations between childhood abuse and left-behind status and latent profiles of mental distress. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING A sample of 630 Chinese LGB young adults aged 18-30 years was recruited to complete an online survey. METHODS Participants provided demographic information and completed validated measures of childhood abuse experience and mental distress. Latent profile analysis (LPA) was used to identify patterns of mental distress, and logistic regression analysis was used to examine the relationships among these variables. RESULTS Results showed that all forms of childhood abuse and left-behind status were associated with all dimensions of adulthood mental distress. The LPA suggested a 3-group solution as optimal (no mental distress, mild mental distress, and moderate/severe mental distress). Participants who experienced any forms of childhood abuse were more likely to be members of both the mild mental distress and moderate/severe mental distress groups (all p's < 0.001). Also, participants who had left-behind status were more likely to be in the moderate/severe mental distress group (AOR = 1.61, p < .05). CONCLUSIONS Our findings highlight the need for interventions aimed at addressing childhood abuse/neglect among Chinese LGB young adults, as these experiences increase the risk for mental health issues in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjian Xu
- Department of Sociology and Psychology, School of Public Administration, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Social Development and Risk Control Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Shuang Xue
- Department of Sociology and Psychology, School of Public Administration, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuxia Huang
- Department of Sociology and Psychology, School of Public Administration, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xing Zhang
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Wanjie Tang
- Center for Educational and Health Psychology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Michelle R Kaufman
- Department of Health, Behavior & Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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Liu W, Wang W, Xia L, Lin S, Wang Y. Left-Behind Children's Subtypes of Antisocial Behavior: A Qualitative Study in China. Behav Sci (Basel) 2022; 12:349. [PMID: 36285918 PMCID: PMC9598385 DOI: 10.3390/bs12100349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
As a result of the recent decades of urbanization and industrialization, millions of people have migrated to cities in search of better work opportunities in China. Meanwhile, their children have often been left behind in the care of other family members. To classify the subtypes of antisocial behavior of the left-behind children, this qualitative study interviewed a total of 71 participants, including five groups: left-behind children, parents, teachers, principals and community workers. The findings showed that left-behind children's antisocial behavior is manifested as the type of limited adolescent antisocial behavior, and the three subtypes of left-behind children's antisocial behavior were rule-breaking behavior, delinquent behavior and criminal behavior. In addition, the development of children's antisocial behavior could range from general violations to delinquent behaviors and even to criminal behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Liu
- Department of psychology, Liaoning Normal University, No.850, Huanghe Road, Dalian 116029, China
| | - Weiwei Wang
- Department of psychology, Liaoning Normal University, No.850, Huanghe Road, Dalian 116029, China
| | - Lingxiang Xia
- Department of psychology, Xinan University, No.2 Tiansheng Road, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Shuang Lin
- Department of psychology, Liaoning Normal University, No.850, Huanghe Road, Dalian 116029, China
| | - Yining Wang
- Department of psychology, Liaoning Normal University, No.850, Huanghe Road, Dalian 116029, China
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Zhang H, Li Y. Child Neglect and Life Satisfaction among Left-behind Children in Rural China: The Roles of Self-compassion and Gratitude. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:NP15649-NP15669. [PMID: 34144666 DOI: 10.1177/08862605211016348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Child neglect is a social problem that causes great concern and affects the long-term well-being of left-behind rural Chinese children against the backdrop of their parents having to leave them in the care of others for extended periods while they have to go and work in cities. However, previous studies have disproportionally focused on the negative processes through which child neglect may influence their life satisfaction. Guided by positive psychology, this study examined the role of self-compassion and gratitude on the association between child neglect and life satisfaction. Our research questionnaire Likert survey used a sample of 1,091 left-behind children and 754 non left-behind children from Shanxi Province and Hunan Province. The results indicated that left-behind children reported a higher level of child neglect, and that child neglect was negatively associated with left-behind children's life satisfaction through decreased self-compassion and gratitude. The implications of these findings are that policy measures and interventions that focus on increasing the self-compassion and gratitude of neglected left-behind children may have a positive effect on their life satisfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiping Zhang
- Center for Studies of Sociological Theory and Method
- The School of Sociology and Population Studies, Renmin University of China
| | - Yali Li
- The School of Sociology and Population Studies, Renmin University of China
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Wang Q, Zhao J. Emotional maltreatment and left-behind adolescents’ loneliness in rural China: The moderating role of peer acceptance. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03263-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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12
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Wang W, Yuan Y, Zhang X, Song C. Mindfulness Moderates the Association Between Perceived Discrimination and Cyber Aggression Among Emerging Adults with Early Left-Behind Experience: A Longitudinal Study. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2022; 15:801-809. [PMID: 35414753 PMCID: PMC8994994 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s361501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Although the risk effect of perceived discrimination on left-behind youth’s mental health (mainly emotional problems) has been demonstrated in prior studies, there is a lack of longitudinal studies examining the effect of perceived discrimination on behavioral problems, particularly in emerging adults with early left-behind experience. In addition, little is known about individual differences in terms of this association. In the present study, we draw on the social information processing model of aggression to examine the effect of perceived discrimination and mindfulness on cyber aggression. Methods We used two-wave longitudinal panel data involving 535 emerging adults with early left-behind experience in rural China (M age = 19.89 years; SD = 1.20; 57.2% female). To test the moderating role of mindfulness, hierarchical multiple regression and simple slope test analyses were performed. Results The results of linear regression analysis demonstrated that higher levels of perceived discrimination at T1 were significantly associated with higher cyber aggression at T2; the strength of this association was buffered by mindfulness over time. Conclusion These findings suggest that the facilitation of mindfulness training may be an effective strategy for reducing the risk of perceived discrimination leading to cyber aggression in emerging adults with early left-behind experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenchao Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education (Beijing Normal University), Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yue Yuan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education (Beijing Normal University), Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaomeng Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education (Beijing Normal University), Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chao Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education (Beijing Normal University), Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Chao Song, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing, 100875, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 18810161767, Email
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Zhao G, Wang M, Xu J, Lu J, Akezhuoli H, Wang F. Health Status and Association With Interpersonal Relationships Among Chinese Children From Urban Migrant to Rural Left-Behind. Front Public Health 2022; 10:862219. [PMID: 35425735 PMCID: PMC9002312 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.862219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To date, numerous studies have examined the health status of Chinese left-behind children and migrant children. However, the impact of children's diverse migration/left-behind experiences on their health is still unclear. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2020 in Nanling country (Anhui province) and Kaihua country (Zhejiang province) in China. School children from grade 5 to 8 reported their socio-demographic, interpersonal relationships, self-rated health, suicidal ideation, and depression. Participants were divided into four groups based on their migrant patterns, namely rural left-behind children with previous migration experience (ME-LBC), rural children with previous migration experience (ME-NLBC), rural left-behind children without migration experience (LBC), and rural children without migration experience (NLBC). Results Among 2,323 participants included in the present study, there were 336 ME-LBC (14.5%), 283 ME-NLBC (12.2%), 561 LBC (24.1%) and 1,143 NLBC (49.2%). Compared with NLBC, ME-LBC reported significantly poorer self-rated health (OR = 0.72, 95% CI [0.53-0.97], p < 0.05), higher risk of depression (β = 0.90, 95% CI [0.02-1.77], p < 0.05) with adjustment of socio-demographic and interpersonal relationships. There was no significant difference in suicidal ideation among different groups of children. The better interpersonal relationship was associated with a better self-rated health, and lower prevalence of depression and suicidal intention. Conclusions Compared to ordinary rural children, ME-LBC tended to experience higher levels of depression and poorer self-rated health. These research findings imply developing intervention programs about psychological adjustment tailored to different migrant patterns of Chinese rural children. The keys might be to strengthen the relationships with peer and teacher in school and improve the quality of parent-child communication in family for LBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanlan Zhao
- Institute of Social Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Menmen Wang
- Institute of Social Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiayao Xu
- Institute of Social Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Lu
- Institute of Social Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hailati Akezhuoli
- Institute of Social Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Feng Wang
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
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Zhao C, Chen B. Parental migration and non-cognitive abilities of left-behind children in rural China: Causal effects by an instrumental variable approach. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2022; 123:105389. [PMID: 34781200 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2021.105389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extensive research has confirmed the disadvantages of left-behind children in the development of human capital in rural China; however, evidence is limited on non-cognitive abilities, especially in the identification of causal effects. In recent years, the role of non-cognitive abilities on children has become increasingly prominent. OBJECTIVE This study identifies the causal effects of parental migration and the decline of non-cognitive of left-behind children and explores the potential mechanisms. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING The participants were 4636 rural students in the seventh and ninth grades of 43 secondary schools from 26 counties based on the China Education Panel Survey (CEPS) in the 2013-2014 academic year. METHOD We adopt an endogenous treatment effect model with the instrumental variable (IV) to identify the causal effects by constructing a comprehensive index to measure children's non-cognitive abilities based on the Big Five Personality Model. RESULTS Parental migration is significantly detrimental to non-cognitive abilities of rural left-behind children. Worse, except for agreeableness, the score of rural left-behind children in the other four sub-items is significantly lower. The negative impact of parental migration is partially explained by the fewer shadow education, the reduction in parent-child interactions, and the parental education participation, especially parent-child interactions in a major position. CONCLUSION Our findings are consistent with previous studies and further provide evidence that parental migration is the cause of the decline of non-cognitive abilities of rural left-behind children. These results indicate that it is necessary to formulate some public policies to focus on the neglected non-cognitive abilities of left-behind children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunkai Zhao
- Institute of Finance and Economics Research, Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, 777 Guoding Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, China
| | - Boou Chen
- Institute of Finance and Economics Research, Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, 777 Guoding Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, China; Research Institute for Agriculture, Farmer and Rural Society, Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, 777 Guoding Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, China.
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15
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Pan W, Gao B, Long Y, Teng Y, Yue T. Effect of Caregivers' Parenting Styles on the Emotional and Behavioral Problems of Left-Behind Children: The Parallel Mediating Role of Self-Control. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182312714. [PMID: 34886442 PMCID: PMC8657231 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182312714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Childhood is an important period of individual psychological development, and parents' company and parenting styles are highly significant to children's personality cultivation and mental health. With the advancement of China's modernization and urbanization, left-behind children without their parents' company have become a growing concern. Compared with children raised by their parents, left-behind children are more likely to show social maladaptation and mental health problems. This study explored the mediating effects of left-behind children's dual mode of self-control between caregivers' parenting styles and emotional and behavioral problems (EBPs). In this study, 469 left-behind children in senior classes of primary schools were investigated by adopting the caregivers' parenting styles questionnaire of left-behind children, the dual-mode of self-control scale and the strengths and difficulties questionnaire. This study found that (1) the protective and risk factors for caregivers' parenting styles not only directly affected EBP, but also affected it through the mediating effect of the dual-mode of self-control, and (2) the mediating effect of the impulsive system was significantly greater than that of the control system. This study confirmed that caregivers' parenting styles had an important impact on left-behind children's psychological growth: positive parenting styles not only directly reduced the risk of EBP, but also indirectly improved left-behind children's mental health by promoting their level of self-control; negative parenting styles directly increased the risk of EBP and indirectly affected left-behind children's mental problems by enhancing their level of impulsiveness. These findings provide an important basis for reducing the risk of mental health problems and cultivating good personality qualities of left-behind children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weigang Pan
- Laboratory of Emotion and Mental Health, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China; (W.P.); (B.G.)
| | - Baixue Gao
- Laboratory of Emotion and Mental Health, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China; (W.P.); (B.G.)
| | - Yihong Long
- College of National Culture and Cognitive Science, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang 550025, China;
| | - Yue Teng
- School of Psychology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China;
| | - Tong Yue
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-023-6825-3629
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Rajabi Khamesi S, Najafi M, Khosravani V. The effect of childhood maltreatment on suicidal ideation through cognitive emotion regulation strategies and specific obsessive-compulsive symptoms in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Clin Psychol Psychother 2021; 28:1435-1444. [PMID: 33687749 DOI: 10.1002/cpp.2582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Childhood maltreatment is thought to be associated with suicidality in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Although the underlying mechanism of this relationship is not clear, cognitive emotion regulation strategies (CERSs) and the specific OC symptoms including unacceptable obsessional thoughts (UOTs) and responsibility for harm (RFH) may underlie this link. Accordingly, the study aimed to assess the effect of childhood maltreatment on suicidal ideation through UOTs, RFH and adaptive and maladaptive CERSs in OCD patients. Three hundred patients meeting a DSM-5 diagnosis of OCD were selected and completed the scales measuring childhood maltreatment, OCD, suicidality and depressive symptoms. After controlling for depressive symptoms and OCD severity, childhood maltreatment was shown to affect suicidal ideation directly. Also, the indirect effect of childhood maltreatment on suicidal ideation was mediated by adaptive CERSs, UOTs and RFH. The findings show that OCD patients with a history of childhood maltreatment, less use of adaptive CERSs and the experiences of UOTs and RFH should be carefully considered regarding suicidal risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiva Rajabi Khamesi
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Najafi
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran
| | - Vahid Khosravani
- Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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17
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Fang JQ, Wang YR, Du YY, Yan GL, Ma FL, Liu YQ, Sun WX, Chen SQ, Feng LP, Wei J, Liu H, Hu J, Zhang ZX. Migrant adolescents' behavioral problems compared to host adolescents and adolescents in their region of origin: a longitudinal study. BMC Psychiatry 2020; 20:472. [PMID: 32993575 PMCID: PMC7526236 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-020-02872-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since the 1990s, families from the ecologically hostile mountainous southern areas of Ningxia Province, China, have been migrating to the northern areas of the province. This study compared the prevalence of behavioral problems among migrant adolescents to those among host adolescents (adolescents from the northern areas) and adolescents in the region of origin (adolescents from the southern areas), to determine whether ecological migration is related to adolescent behavioral problems, and possible changes in such problems over time. METHODS We used the Children and Adolescents Ecological Migration Survey on Mental Health, administered to 4805 students aged 12-16 years and their parents between 2012 and 2014 (W1), of whom 1753 students and their parents completed the follow-up between 2014 and 2017 (W2). Parents answered questions related to adolescent behavioral problems, main source of family income, parents' desire to reverse migrate, improved standard of living, and parents' educational attainment, while children completed the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire and a classroom environment questionnaire. RESULTS The prevalence of behavioral problems among the migrant adolescents (28.04%) was significantly higher than among host adolescents (21.59%) or adolescents in the region of origin (24.37%; p < 0.001) at W1. After adjusting for gender and age, parents' work outside the home was the main source of family income (OR = 1.42, 95% CI = 1.13-1.78), and adolescents' learning burden (OR = 1.04, 95% CI = 1.01-1.06) in school negatively influenced behavioral problems. Strong student-teacher relationships (OR = 0.97,95% CI = 0.94-0.99) and parents who had no intention to move back to the original residence (OR = 0.70, 95% CI = 0.52-0.94) exerted a protective effect at W1; at W2, a protective effect was associated with improved living conditions (OR = 0.39-0.55, 95% CI = 0.25-0.84). The extent of behavioral problems among migrant adolescents significantly decreased after two years. CONCLUSION Ecological migration will increase children's behavioral problems in the early stage, with various factors influencing the extent of these problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Qun Fang
- Mental Health Center, The General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, No. 804 South Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China.
| | - Yan-rong Wang
- grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174School of Nursing, Shandong University, No.44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012 China ,grid.412194.b0000 0004 1761 9803Ningxia Medical University, No.1106 South Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750004 China
| | - Yun-Yun Du
- grid.413385.8Mental Health Center, The General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, No. 804 South Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750004 Ningxia China
| | - Guo-Li Yan
- grid.440287.d0000 0004 1764 5550TianJin Anding Hospital, Tianjin Mental Health Institute, Tianjin, 300222 China
| | - Fu-Li Ma
- grid.412194.b0000 0004 1761 9803Ningxia Medical University, No.1106 South Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750004 China
| | - Yan-Qiu Liu
- Sozhou Guangji Hospital, NO.11, Guangqian Road, Suzhou, 215133 District of Suzhou China
| | - Wen-Xi Sun
- Sozhou Guangji Hospital, NO.11, Guangqian Road, Suzhou, 215133 District of Suzhou China
| | - Shi-Qi Chen
- grid.413385.8Mental Health Center, The General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, No. 804 South Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750004 Ningxia China
| | - Li-Ping Feng
- grid.412194.b0000 0004 1761 9803Ningxia Medical University, No.1106 South Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750004 China
| | - Jia Wei
- grid.412194.b0000 0004 1761 9803Ningxia Medical University, No.1106 South Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750004 China
| | - Hao Liu
- grid.412194.b0000 0004 1761 9803Ningxia Medical University, No.1106 South Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750004 China
| | - Jing Hu
- grid.412194.b0000 0004 1761 9803Ningxia Medical University, No.1106 South Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750004 China
| | - Zhao-Xia Zhang
- grid.413385.8Mental Health Center, The General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, No. 804 South Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750004 Ningxia China
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18
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Ye L, Qian Y, Meng S, Ye D, Rong C, Vandenhouten EE, Jing F, Mao Y. Subjective well-being of left-behind children: a cross-sectional study in a rural area of eastern China. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2020; 14:27. [PMID: 32536967 PMCID: PMC7288409 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-020-00333-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Psychological well-beings of left-behind children (LBC) in rural areas of China remain under-studied. In this cross-sectional study, we aimed to explore the subjective well-being (SWB) in LBC and its associated factors in a rural area in eastern China. METHODS Stratified random cluster sampling was used to select middle school and high school students in Qingyuan County of Zhejiang Province. Relevant information including sociodemographic characteristics was collected from each participant using an organized questionnaire. SWB was measured using the modified scale developed for Chinese adolescents. Univariable and multivariable regression analyses were performed using R version 3.3.0. RESULTS A total of 1086 children were recruited and examined in the current analysis, with 365 (33.61%) being left-behind. Compared with non-left-behind children (NLBC), LBC had significantly lower scores in family satisfaction (P = 0.003) and environment satisfaction (P = 0.020). Multivariable regression analysis uncovered that frequent parent-child communication was associated with high positive affect (P = 0.003) and life satisfaction (P < 0.001), and the type of caregivers was associated with negative affect among LBC (P = 0.037). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest SWB was lower in LBC, and targeted interventions including strengthening parental-child communication should be developed and implemented to improve LBC's SWB in rural areas of China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Ye
- grid.268505.c0000 0000 8744 8924School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053 China
| | - Yu Qian
- grid.268505.c0000 0000 8744 8924School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053 China
| | - Shuyang Meng
- grid.268505.c0000 0000 8744 8924The Fourth College of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053 China
| | - Ding Ye
- grid.268505.c0000 0000 8744 8924School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053 China
| | - Chao Rong
- grid.268505.c0000 0000 8744 8924School of Humanities and Management, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053 China
| | - Eric E. Vandenhouten
- grid.268505.c0000 0000 8744 8924International Education College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053 China
| | - Fangyuan Jing
- grid.506977.aSchool of Public Health, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310053 China ,grid.506977.aDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Hangzhou Medical College, 481 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, 310053 China
| | - Yingying Mao
- grid.268505.c0000 0000 8744 8924School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053 China ,grid.268505.c0000 0000 8744 8924Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, 310053 China
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Direct and indirect associations between perception of childhood trauma and suicidal ideation through emotion dysregulation in males who use heroin. Addict Behav 2019; 98:106011. [PMID: 31233952 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2019.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Emotion dysregulation is considered as one of the factors related to suicide in individuals with childhood trauma (CT). However, no research has been performed on the role of emotion dysregulation in the relationship between perception of CT and suicidal ideation in individuals who use heroin. This study aimed to evaluate direct and indirect relationships between perception of CT and suicidal ideation through emotion regulation difficulties (ERD) and cognitive emotion regulation strategies (CERSs) in males with a DSM diagnosis of heroin dependence. In a cross-sectional design, 310 males with a DSM diagnosis of heroin dependence completed the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form (CTQ-SF), the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire-Short version (CERQ-Short), the Obsessive-Compulsive Drug Use Scale-Form Heroin (OCDUS-Form Heroin), and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS). The results revealed that perception of CT had no direct relation to suicidal ideation. Perception of CT was indirectly associated with suicidal ideation through some ERD dimensions [e.g., non-acceptance of emotional responses (Non-acceptance), limited access to emotion regulation strategies (Strategies), lack of emotional awareness (Awareness)] and the CERS of positive reappraisal. The findings suggest that high suicidal ideation may stem from a perception of CT and subsequently emotion dysregulation in individuals who use heroin. Also, the findings of this research may have implications for the prevention and treatment of suicidal ideation in individuals using heroin with a perception of CT. The results of the present study require further examination through longitudinal studies.
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Khosravani V, Messman-Moore TL, Mohammadzadeh A, Ghorbani F, Amirinezhad A. Effects of childhood emotional maltreatment on depressive symptoms through emotion dysregulation in treatment-seeking patients with heroin-dependence. J Affect Disord 2019; 256:448-457. [PMID: 31252238 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although individuals who experience childhood emotional maltreatment (CEM) are more likely to use maladaptive emotion regulation strategies, resulting in vulnerability to depression, no research has examined whether emotion dysregulation may explain the association between CEM and current depressive symptoms in a clinical sample of heroin-dependent individuals. OBJECTIVES The current study aimed to assess the direct effect of CEM on current depressive symptoms and its indirect effect via emotion dysregulation in a treatment-seeking sample of males with heroin dependence. In a cross-sectional design, participants (N = 350) completed the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form (CTQ-SF), the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), the Obsessive-Compulsive Drug Use Scale (OCDUS), and the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II). RESULTS Emotional abuse and neglect severity had significant direct effects on current depressive symptoms and significant indirect effects through emotion dysregulation after controlling for clinical factors related to heroin use. LIMITATIONS Study limitations include the cross-sectional design and use of self-report scales. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest emotion dysregulation may increase depressive symptoms in heroin users who experienced CEM. Training in emotion regulation strategies may decrease depressive symptoms in heroin-dependent individuals with CEM. Additional research with a longitudinal design to confirm these results is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Khosravani
- Psychosocial Injuries Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran.
| | | | | | - Fatemeh Ghorbani
- Clinical Research Development Center of Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Amirinezhad
- Psychosocial Injuries Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
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