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Muhetaer P, Leng J, Hu P. Deficiency in Self-Control: Unraveling Psychological and Behavioral Risk Factors for Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms in College Students. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2024; 17:1329-1338. [PMID: 38524290 PMCID: PMC10961077 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s456685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a complex mental disorder to treat. However, there are some deficiencies in research performed to date about the psychological and behavioral factors that may trigger obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS). Based on the Psychopathology of Self-Control Theory which states that deficits in self-control underpin psychiatric symptoms, this study investigated the factors influencing OCS among college students. Methods A total of 5599 non-clinical Chinese college students were recruited to complete the Chinese version of the Self-Control Scale, Aitken Procrastination Inventory, and Symptom Checklist-90. Pearson's correlation analyses and the bootstrap method were performed to test our hypothesis. Results The following results were obtained: (a) There were significant correlations among self-control, procrastination, anxiety, and OCS. (b) When controlling for the effects of age and sex, self-control remained a significant negative predictor of OCS. (c) The mediating roles of procrastination and anxiety, and the chain mediating role of procrastination and anxiety were the three predicted pathways linking self-control and OCS. Conclusion This study highlights the significance of self-control deficiencies in OCS. It provides new insights into the psychological and behavioral factors that increase the risk of OCS with important practical implications for early intervention in OCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palizhati Muhetaer
- Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Leng
- Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ping Hu
- Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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Huynh PA, Miles S, de Boer K, Meyer D, Nedeljkovic M. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the relationship between obsessive-compulsive symptoms and symptoms of proposed orthorexia nervosa: The contribution of assessments. Eur Eat Disord Rev 2024; 32:257-280. [PMID: 37838984 DOI: 10.1002/erv.3041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to update the literature on orthorexia nervosa (ON), a proposed diagnosis of pathologically 'healthy' eating, by critically analysing the current evidence for the relationship between ON and obsessive-compulsive (OC) symptoms. Further, this paper aimed to compare the ON/OC relationship significance and strength based on when the ON measurement tool was developed. METHOD PsycINFO, PubMed and Web of Science databases were queried for quantitative, peer-reviewed studies recruiting adult participants, published in English up to April 2023. Studies not directly comparing ON and OC symptoms were excluded. After full-text review and quality assessment, 40 studies were included in the systematic review and 31 studies in the meta-analysis. RESULTS ON assessments created prior to the 2016 revised ON diagnostic criteria do not appear to fully capture OC symptoms. Studies using earlier developed ON assessments demonstrated inconsistent ON/OC relationships whereas studies implementing more recent assessments (from 2018 onwards) found consistently significant, larger relationships, highlighting a previously underrated OC component of ON. CONCLUSIONS Early ON studies, and studies utilising early ON assessments should be interpreted with caution, particularly in relation to OC symptom involvement in ON. Future research should validate novel ON assessments and investigate common underlying factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillipa Ann Huynh
- Centre for Mental Health and Brain Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stephanie Miles
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Orygen, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kathleen de Boer
- Centre for Mental Health and Brain Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Denny Meyer
- Centre for Mental Health and Brain Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Maja Nedeljkovic
- Centre for Mental Health and Brain Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Uyar B, Donmezdil S. Comparison of healthcare workers and non-healthcare workers in terms of obsessive-compulsive and depressive symptoms during COVID-19 pandemic: a longitudinal case-controlled study. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1283317. [PMID: 38152663 PMCID: PMC10751325 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1283317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the obsessive-compulsive and depressive symptoms of healthcare workers in a case-control setting as longitudinal. Method In this study included 49 healthcare workers and 47 non-health workers. A sociodemographic data form, the Maudsley Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory (MOCI), the Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90), and the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) were used to assess individuals between June 1, 2020 and June 30, 2021. We assessed the same healthcare workers after 12 months on June 30, 2021 using MOCI, HAM-D, and SCL-90. Results MOCI and SCL-90 obsessive-compulsive subscale scores were significantly higher in the healthcare workers than in the non-health workers. When we assessed MOCI, HAM-D, and SCL-90 obsessive-compulsive subscale scores after 12 months, there was a statistically significant decrease in the scores of all three scales among the healthcare workers. Conclusion The results of the study showed that healthcare workers were more likely to have obsessive-compulsive symptoms than non-health workers in the early part of the pandemic on June 1, 2020, as shown by their scores on MOCI and the obsessive-compulsive subscale of SCL-90. When we assessed the same participants after 12 months (June 30, 2021), both MOCI and SCL-90 obsessive-compulsive subscale scores had decreased significantly. In contrast to these results, HAM-D scores significantly increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betul Uyar
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Dicle University, Diyarbakır, Türkiye
| | - Suleyman Donmezdil
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Literature, Mardin Artuklu University, Mardin, Türkiye
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, a novel approach to obsessive-compulsive disorder has emerged, implicating altered reward functioning in the disorder. Yet, no study to date has directly examined the attentional aspect of reward functioning in participants with obsessive-compulsive (OC) symptoms, with past research mostly relying on reaction-time-based tasks. METHODS A reward-based value-modulated attentional capture task was completed by a sample of nonclinical student participants-44 with high (HOC) and 48 with low (LOC) levels of OC symptoms. We measured the extent to which high and low reward-signaling distractors captured attention and impaired performance on the task, resulting in a lower possibility of obtaining a monetary reward. Attentional capture was indexed via fixation data, and further explored using saccade data. RESULTS Both groups performed more poorly when a high-reward signaling distractor was present, compared to when a low-reward signaling distractor was present. Importantly, this difference was significantly greater in the HOC group, and was found to be driven by the specific effects of reward-signaling distractors. Similar results emerged when exploring saccade data, and remained significant after controlling for both addiction-related compulsivity and depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Current findings suggest that attentional reward-related functioning may be associated with OC symptoms. Different aspects of reward functioning, including attention, should be further explored and incorporated into future research and clinical endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Basel
- School of Psychological Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Amit Lazarov
- School of Psychological Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Hu P, Liang P, Liu X, Ouyang Y, Wang J. Parenting styles and obsessive-compulsive symptoms in college students: the mediating role of perfectionism. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1126689. [PMID: 37484673 PMCID: PMC10360192 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1126689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Obsessive-compulsive symptoms is a common psychological phenomenon among early adulthood college students, which are closely related to their parents' parenting styles. Theoretical and some empirical studies have suggested the mediating role of perfectionism in this process, but this has not been confirmed, and the binary perspective of positive-negative perfectionism has not been addressed in this issue. Methods This study aimed to investigate the mediating role of perfectionism in the relationship between parenting styles and obsessive-compulsive symptoms among college students. A total of 661 college students participated in this study. Results Negative perfectionism mediated the relationship between negative parenting style and obsessive-compulsive symptoms among college students. Negative parenting style predicted obsessive-compulsive symptoms through its positive predictive effect on negative perfectionism. However, the mediating effect of positive perfectionism was not significant in this process. Discussion This study provides further evidence of the mechanisms underlying the occurrence of obsessive-compulsive symptoms, and offers new ideas for interventions for OCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po Hu
- School of Educational Sciences, Xuzhou University of Technology, Xuzhou, China
| | - Pengwei Liang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education (Beijing Normal University), Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education (Beijing Normal University), Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuting Ouyang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education (Beijing Normal University), Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianping Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education (Beijing Normal University), Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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Zhao X, Shen L, Pei Y, Wu X, Zhou N. The relationship between sleep disturbance and obsessive- compulsive symptoms: the mediation of repetitive negative thinking and the moderation of experiential avoidance. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1151399. [PMID: 37476089 PMCID: PMC10354645 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1151399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Studies have found that sleep disturbance is associated with obsessive-compulsive symptoms. This study aimed to elaborate on the mediating and moderating mechanisms between these two variables. We hypothesized that repetitive negative thinking plays a mediating role in the relationship between sleep disturbance and obsessive-compulsive symptoms, and experiential avoidance plays a moderating role. Method This study included 639 Chinese adults. A questionnaire survey was used to assess sleep quality, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, experiential avoidance, repetitive negative thinking, and depression symptoms. A moderated mediation model was established. Results After controlling for depressive symptoms, repetitive negative thinking partially mediated the positive correlation between sleep disturbance and obsessive-compulsive symptoms. This indirect relationship was significant in individuals with lower experiential avoidance levels. Particularly, the relationship between sleep disturbance and repetitive negative thinking was significant among individuals with lower experiential avoidance levels, but not among individuals with higher experiential avoidance levels. Conclusion This study demonstrated that repetitive negative thinking partially mediated the impact of sleep disturbance on obsessive-compulsive symptoms. The findings suggest that when providing support to individuals with sleep disturbance and obsessive-compulsive symptoms, assessing their level of experiential avoidance is necessary for performing targeted interventions. Individuals with low experiential avoidance may benefit from a clinical intervention targeting repetitive negative thinking to improve sleep quality and obsessive-compulsive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Zhao
- Department of Psychiatry, Huzhou Third Municipal Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liao Shen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Psychological Crisis Intervention, Affiliated Mental Health Center (ECNU), School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yufei Pei
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Psychological Crisis Intervention, Affiliated Mental Health Center (ECNU), School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojun Wu
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Huzhou Third Municipal Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
| | - Ningning Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Psychological Crisis Intervention, Affiliated Mental Health Center (ECNU), School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
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Awasthi S, Satapthy R. How Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms Correlate with other Symptoms and Quality of Life in Schizophrenia? A Cross-Sectional Study. Indian J Psychol Med 2023; 45:383-389. [PMID: 37483586 PMCID: PMC10357916 DOI: 10.1177/02537176231174063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Early psychiatrists inferred that obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS) represent a defense against psychosis and prevent the progression of schizophrenia. However, recent clinical research has yielded inconsistent results across studies regarding the link between OCS and the symptom domains of schizophrenia and the influence OCS have on a patient's functioning and quality of life (QOL).This study aimed to determine whether OCS has any association with the symptom severity, functioning, and QOL of schizophrenia patients. Methods This cross-sectional study done in a tertiary care hospital consecutively recruited 85 outpatients of schizophrenia in clinical remission over one year. Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS), WHO Quality of Life Brief Version (WHO QOL-BREF), and Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) scales were applied. Results Eighteen patients (21.2%) had OCS (Y-BOCS score of ≥8). Patients with OCS had higher PANSS scores (mean±SD of total score 77.16± 16.4, P < 0.001), suggestive of more severe psychosis, poor functioning overall (mean GAF score 37.35 ± 15.62, P < 0.001), and poor QOL in the psychological domain (P < 0.001). In addition, significant associations were present between the Y-BOCS score and the PANSS (r = 0.65), GAF (r = -0.61), and WHO QOL BREF scores in the physical (r = -0.39), and psychological domains (r = -0.41) (P < 0.001 on all of the above). Conclusions Patients with OCS have more severe symptoms and a lower QOL. A significant association exists between the intensity of OCS and schizophrenia symptoms, global functioning, and QOL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snigdha Awasthi
- Dept. of Psychiatry, Manipal Tata Medical College, Baridih, Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, India
| | - Ramananda Satapthy
- Government Hospital for Mental Care, Pedda Waltair, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India
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8
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Kutzner J, Elam KK, Ha T. Genetic influences on the interplay between obsessive-compulsive behavior symptoms and cannabis use during adolescence. J Adolesc 2023; 95:427-436. [PMID: 36443914 PMCID: PMC10588756 DOI: 10.1002/jad.12125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There are overlapping biological origins and behaviors associated with obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS) and cannabis use. There is also evidence that OCS and cannabis use are associated over time. Thus, we investigated polygenic predisposition for OCS as predictive of OCS and cannabis use from age 17 to 19. We hypothesized that greater genetic risk for OCS would predict both OCS and cannabis use. METHODS The current study used participants from the Project Alliance 1 study, a US-based sample, for whom genomic, OCS, and cannabis use data were available (n = 547). Polygenic risk scores (PRS) were formed via a meta-genome-wide association study on OCS and examined as a predictor of OCS and cannabis use at age 17 and 19. The sample was diverse (52.4% male; 45% European American, 30% African American, 14% multiracial, 5% Hispanic/Latino, 4% Asian American, and 2% other groups). Sensitivity analysis was performed by gender for European American and African American subsamples. RESULTS Across the whole sample, the greater polygenic risk for OCS was negatively associated with cannabis use at age 17 and positively associated with OCS at 19. Cannabis use at age 17 was positively associated with OCS at age 19. The association between polygenic risk for OCS and cannabis use at age 17 was replicated in European American males, whereas the association between cannabis use at age 17 and OCS at age 19 was replicated in African American males. CONCLUSIONS Cannabis use may exacerbate OCS through adolescence, and genetic predisposition for OCS may be associated with lower cannabis use in efforts to avoid exacerbation of OCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodi Kutzner
- Department of Applied Health Science, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Kit K. Elam
- Department of Applied Health Science, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Thao Ha
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
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9
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Becker H, Liu Y, Hanna GL, Bilek E, Block SR, Hardee JE, Heitzeg MM, Pagliaccio D, Marsh R, Fitzgerald KD. Error-related brain activity associated with obsessive-compulsive symptoms in youth. Brain Behav 2023; 13:e2941. [PMID: 36919195 PMCID: PMC10097091 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Subclinical obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS) are common in children, and increase risk for later onset of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). In pediatric patients with OCD, neuroimaging research implicates altered neural mechanisms for error-processing, but whether abnormal brain response occurs with subclinical OCS remains poorly understood. METHODS Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), 113 youth (8-18 years; 45 female) from a community sample were scanned during an error-eliciting Go/No-Go task. OCS were assessed dimensionally using the obsessive-compulsive subscale of the Child Behavior Checklist. The association between OCS scores and error-related brain activity was examined at the whole-brain level. RESULTS Lower OCS scores associated with stronger response to errors in dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC), caudate, putamen, thalamus, and occipital cortex. Additionally, lower OCS related to higher capacity for inhibitory control, as indexed by greater accuracy on No-Go trials during fMRI scanning. The relationship between lower OCS and better accuracy on No-Go trials was mediated by greater error-related dACC activity. CONCLUSIONS The inverse relationship between OCS and error-related activity in the dACC and extended cortical-striatal-thalamic circuitry may index an adaptive process by which subclinical OCS are minimized in youth. Further, these results identify an observable pattern of brain activity that tracks with subclinical OCS severity. Understanding the link between neural networks for error processing and the normal to abnormal range of OCS may pave the way for brain-based strategies to identify children who are more likely to develop OCD and enable the targeting of preventive strategies to reduce risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Becker
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Yanni Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Gregory L Hanna
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Emily Bilek
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Jillian E Hardee
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Addiction Research Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Mary M Heitzeg
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Addiction Research Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - David Pagliaccio
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Rachel Marsh
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kate D Fitzgerald
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
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10
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Kadivari F, Najafi M, Khosravani V. Childhood emotional maltreatment, maladaptive coping and obsessive-compulsive symptoms in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Clin Psychol Psychother 2023. [PMID: 36639957 DOI: 10.1002/cpp.2829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have reported childhood emotional maltreatment (CEM) to be associated with specific obsessive-compulsive (OC) symptoms, but maladaptive coping, which may be the underlying mechanism in this relationship, has not been evaluated yet. Thus, the present study aimed to examine the effects of CEM on the OC symptoms of responsibility for harm and unacceptable thoughts, as well as obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) severity, through maladaptive coping, including cognitive avoidance, experiential avoidance and emotional suppression in OCD patients (n = 360). The results showed that CEM had direct effects, as well as indirect effects via cognitive and experiential avoidance and emotional suppression, on responsibility for harm and unacceptable thoughts. In addition, the indirect effect of CEM on OCD severity was significantly mediated by the roles of cognitive avoidance and experiential avoidance. The present study adds new literature to evidence indicating the role of early childhood events in developing and maintaining OCD in which adverse maladaptive coping related to unpleasant childhood abuse plays an important role in OCD. More precisely, OCD patients who experience a history of CEM may further use maladaptive coping to cope with their distress and subsequently experience responsibility for harm, unacceptable thoughts and severe OCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faranak Kadivari
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Najafi
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran
| | - Vahid Khosravani
- Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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11
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Ayık B, Yılmaz S. Correlations between attitudes towards the COVID-19 vaccine and psychiatric symptoms among pregnant women. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2023. [PMID: 36598269 DOI: 10.1002/ijgo.14647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE As data continue to show that COVID-19 vaccines are safe for pregnant women, determining the factors that affect their attitudes towards vaccines has become increasingly important. Pregnancy increases the risk of depressive and obsessive-compulsive (OC) symptoms. We aimed to determine the correlations between psychiatric symptoms and attitudes towards vaccination in pregnant women. METHODS A total of 100 pregnant women were enrolled in the present cross-sectional study. We used a standard data form to obtain the participants' sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. The Attitudes Towards the COVID-19 Vaccine Scale, the Maudsley Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory (MOCI) and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21) were used to measure attitudes towards vaccination and psychiatric symptoms. We then investigated the correlations between the scale scores. RESULTS There was a significant correlation between positive, negative, and total attitudes towards vaccines and MOCI total and subscale scores. According to the linear regression model, variables of MOCI total score, planned/unplanned pregnancy, and age were determined as the predictors for vaccination attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccines. CONCLUSION Increased OC symptoms seem to be associated with negative attitudes towards vaccination. It is important to screen pregnant women with lower vaccination rates for OC symptoms more carefully. A multidisciplinary approach would be beneficial to increase vaccination rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Batuhan Ayık
- Department of Psychiatry, Erenköy Mental Health and Neurological Disorders Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Salih Yılmaz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Acıbadem Altunizade Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
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12
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Magnani B, Frassinetti F, Franceschini C, Dimaggio G, Musetti A. Right-deviating prismatic adaptation reduces obsessions in a community sample. Front Psychol 2022; 13:1025379. [PMID: 36619054 PMCID: PMC9811126 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1025379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Patients with obsessive-compulsive (OC) disorder are impaired in disengaging attention from negative valence stimuli and show an attentional bias toward the right space. This pattern in OC disorder is similar to the impaired disengagement of attention from stimuli in the ipsilesional space as a consequence of a right-hemispheric cerebral lesion in patients with neglect, suggesting a right hemispheric dysfunction in patients with OC disorder. The attentional impairment in patients with neglect is reduced by a visuomotor procedure, such as prismatic adaptation (PA) with right-deviating lenses. Thus, here, we explored whether right-deviating PA is also effective in reducing OC psychological symptoms. Methods Participants with a high rate of OC symptoms completed self-report measures of such symptoms before and after right- or left-deviating PA. Results Right-deviating PA, and not left-deviating PA, reduced OC symptoms more prominently on obsessions than compulsions. Conclusion Results support the idea that right-deviating PA might be considered an effective technique to modulate OC symptoms. This has implications for theories about the underlying mechanisms of OC symptoms and the consideration of PA as a complementary procedure to psychological treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Magnani
- Department of Humanities, Social Sciences and Cultural Industries, University of Parma, Parma, Italy,*Correspondence: Barbara Magnani,
| | - Francesca Frassinetti
- Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy,Unit of Recovery and Functional Rehabilitation, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Institute of Castel Goffredo, Mantua, Italy
| | | | | | - Alessandro Musetti
- Department of Humanities, Social Sciences and Cultural Industries, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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Crowe E, Rosário MC, Ferrão YA, Albertella L, Miguel EC, Fontenelle LF. Obsessional slowness in obsessive-compulsive disorder: identifying characteristics and comorbidities in a clinical sample. Int J Psychiatry Clin Pract 2022:1-10. [PMID: 36409661 DOI: 10.1080/13651501.2022.2147441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obsessional slowness (OS) is characterised by debilitating motor slowness during initiation and completion of daily tasks such as washing, dressing, eating or walking. Yet, the clinical features of OS are still poorly understood. METHODS This study aimed to delineate demographics, comorbid disorders and obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS) associated with OS. Cross sectional data from 667 OCD outpatients aged 9-82 years (M = 37.86, SD = 12.78) who underwent comprehensive standardised assessments administered by trained clinicians were analysed. Participants with (n = 189) and without (n = 478) OS were compared and contrasted. RESULTS Logistic regression revealed that being single, having tics and displaying higher severity of aggression, contamination, symmetry and hoarding symptoms significantly predicted participants having OS. CONCLUSIONS This is the largest-scale descriptive study of OS, which also provides preliminary evidence that OS may be a more severe form of OCD. Further empirical validation of these findings is required, and future research should focus on developing OS assessment.Key PointsThis was the first large-scale descriptive study of obsessional slowness (OS), that provided preliminary evidence for an OS phenotype within obsessive-compulsive disorderOS is associated with increased severity of aggression, contamination, symmetry and hoarding obsessive-compulsive symptomsIndividuals with OS are more likely to have comorbid tics, suggesting that there may be underlying motor factors contributing to this conditionFuture research would benefit from collecting both qualitative and quantitative data when assessing OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Crowe
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Maria C Rosário
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ygor A Ferrão
- Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Lucy Albertella
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Euripedes C Miguel
- Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders Program, Department and Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leonardo F Fontenelle
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Victoria, Australia.,Obsessive, Compulsive, and Anxiety Spectrum Research Program. Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro and D'Or Institute for Research and Education, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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14
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Sun Y, Wang L, Li C, Luo W. Sleep Disturbance in Chinese College Students with Mental Health Problems: A Moderated Mediation Model. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:14570. [PMID: 36361449 PMCID: PMC9653838 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192114570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Sleep disturbance has an enormous impact on college students. Poor sleep is associated with low academic achievement, psychological distress and high health risk behaviors. College students with various mental health problems (e.g., anxiety and depression) are particularly at risk for sleep problems. The aim of the present study was to examine the impact of a wide range of internalizing/externalizing psychological problems on sleep disturbance. A total of 2134 Chinese college students (60.2% men) with mental health problems were selected as participants after completing the self-reported Chinese college student mental health screening scale. A web-based survey was used to assess a wide variety of internalizing/externalizing psychological problems and sleep disturbance. The results showed that hostility, somatic symptoms and obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS) were significantly associated with sleep disturbance. Somatic symptoms played a mediating role in the relationship between hostility and sleep disturbance. Moreover, the mediating effect was moderated by OCS, and a significant difference in the mediating effects was observed between low OCS and high OCS groups. Overall, our research findings indicate that a high level of OCS exacerbates the adverse effects of somatic symptoms on sleep disturbance, and suggests that assessment and improvement of hostility, somatic symptoms and OCS should be considered in facilitating better sleep among college students with mental health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Sun
- Department of Applied Psychology, College of Sports and Health, Shandong Sport University, Jinan 250102, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Student Affairs Office, Shandong Sport University, Jinan 250102, China
| | - Chang Li
- Department of Insurance, Shandong University of Finance and Economics, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Wanshu Luo
- School of Dance, Shandong Youth University of Political Science, Jinan 250103, China
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15
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Reilly EE, Gorrell S, Brosof L, Lock J, Le Grange D. Characterizing changes in obsessive-compulsive symptoms over the course of treatment for adolescent bulimia nervosa. Int J Eat Disord 2022; 55:1342-1351. [PMID: 35861249 PMCID: PMC9869712 DOI: 10.1002/eat.23782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Data suggest that obsessive-compulsive (OC) symptoms are commonly observed in adolescents with eating disorders and predict poorer treatment response. Further, emerging data among adults suggest that changes in OC symptoms relate to changes in eating disorder symptoms across treatment. Given evidence that early invention decreases risk for protracted illness, evaluating processes that may relate to treatment response will be useful in increasing the effectiveness of existing interventions. Therefore, the current investigation explored changes in general and eating disorder-specific OC symptoms throughout family-based treatment (FBT) and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for bulimia nervosa (BN), as well as associations among these changes and eating disorder outcomes at follow-up. METHOD Participants (N = 110) received 18 sessions of FBT or CBT and completed measurements of general and eating disorder-specific OC symptoms at baseline, end-of-treatment, and 6- and 12-month follow-up. RESULTS Multilevel models indicated that across both treatments, there was no change in general OC symptoms, whereas all eating disorder-related OC symptoms decreased over treatment and follow-up. Exploratory analyses indicated that lower severity in discharge eating-disorder-specific OC symptoms contributed to lower eating pathology at follow-up. DISCUSSION Together, findings support the efficacy of both FBT and CBT in helping to reduce eating disorder-specific OC symptoms and suggest that adjunctive intervention may be required for ameliorating general OC symptoms in this population. PUBLIC SIGNIFICANCE BN is associated with significant increases in mortality and societal cost, and there is a pressing need for innovations within available treatments for young people with this disorder. In the current study, we explore the extent to which existing evidence-based treatments for adolescent BN are effective in targeting obsessive-compulsive symptoms, a known predictor of treatment response and common co-morbidity in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin E Reilly
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Sasha Gorrell
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Leigh Brosof
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - James Lock
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Daniel Le Grange
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois (Emeritus), USA
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16
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Sancak B, Özgen Hergül G. Obsessive-compulsive symptoms in schizophrenia patients and their first-degree relatives and the association with subclinical psychotic symptoms. Nord J Psychiatry 2022; 76:307-315. [PMID: 34428122 DOI: 10.1080/08039488.2021.1966097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the presence of obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS) in patients being followed for schizophrenia and their first-degree relatives (mother, father, siblings, and children) and the relationship between OCS and clinical/subclinical psychotic symptoms. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study included 110 schizophrenia patients followed up in a community mental health center and their first-degree relatives. Patients and relatives were evaluated using the SCID-I (Structured Clinical Interview Form for DSM-IV Axis-I Disorders) to ascertain their diagnosis and exclude other axis-I diagnoses. The Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale was used to measure OCS severity. Psychotic symptom severity was evaluated in patients using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and subthreshold psychotic symptoms and psychosis proneness were assessed in relatives using the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire. RESULTS The prevalence of clinically significant OCS was 41.8% in schizophrenia patients and 28.2% in their relatives. PANSS positive and general psychopathology subscale scores were higher in patients with OCS. Suspiciousness and interpersonal schizotypy scores were significantly higher in relatives with OCS compared to those without. The first-degree relatives of patients with OCS did not exhibit a higher prevalence of OCS or psychotic symptoms compared to the relatives of patients without OCS. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates that obsessive-compulsive phenomena are common in schizophrenia patients and their relatives. Although there seems to be a positive association between OCS and psychotic symptoms in patients and their first-degree relatives, the intergenerational transmission of these two symptom groups may occur independently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barış Sancak
- Acıbadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Faculty of Medicine, Atakent Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Güliz Özgen Hergül
- Giresun University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Giresun, Turkey
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17
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Şimşek MK, Seçer İ. Developing and Examining the Effectiveness of a Cognitive Behavioral Therapy-Based Psychoeducation Practice for Reducing Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms in Adolescents: A Mixed-Methods Study With a Turkish Sample. Front Psychol 2022; 13:805035. [PMID: 35330724 PMCID: PMC8940527 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.805035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study developed a cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)-based psychoeducation practice aimed at reducing obsessive-compulsive symptom levels in adolescents in Turkey and tested its effectiveness with a mixed-methods study. After the study was constructed as a pretest-posttest control group experimental application consisting of qualitative stages. The experimental application of the study was carried out with high school students in Turkey. In the sampling process, the schools, where the study will be carried out, were determined with the cluster sampling method. The experimental and control groups were formed with 30 students with high obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) symptoms from these schools, and the developed CBT-based psychoeducation practice was applied to the experimental group for 12 weeks. Quantitative data were collected through the "Child Version of the Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory," and normality analysis, t-test for dependent samples, and Single Factor Analysis of Covariance were used. Qualitative data of the study were collected through document review, session evaluation forms, and semi-structured interview protocol; content and descriptive analysis techniques were used in the analysis. It was concluded that the developed CBT-based psychoeducation application was an effective approach in reducing OCD symptoms in the Turkish adolescent sample, except for the neutralizing dimension. It was also determined that the findings obtained from the analysis during the application and the interviews after the application are parallel with the findings obtained by quantitative methods, and the qualitative and quantitative findings adequately explained the quantitative documents findings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - İsmail Seçer
- Faculty of Education, Counseling and Guidance, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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18
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Khan YS, Jouda M, Albobali Y, Osman Abouelseoud M, Souid A, AlMeraisi MJ, Alabdulla M. COVID-19 pandemic fears and obsessive-compulsive symptoms in adolescents with pre-existing mental disorders: An exploratory cross-sectional study. Clin Child Psychol Psychiatry 2022; 27:89-103. [PMID: 34049450 PMCID: PMC8814615 DOI: 10.1177/13591045211017606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous research has established an association between pandemic fears and the development of obsessive-compulsive symptoms mainly in the general population. AIM To explore whether COVID-19 pandemic fears are associated with obsessive-compulsive symptoms and vice versa in adolescents with preexisting mental and behavioural disorders. METHODS A questionnaire-based cross-sectional study among adolescents with pre-existing mental disorders. The extent of worrying related to the COVID-19 pandemic was measured using the COVID-19 inventory whereas obsessive-compulsive symptoms were assessed using the obsessive-compulsive inventory-revised (OCI-R). Pearson correlation coefficient (r) was used to explore the relationship between COVID-19 pandemic fears and the development of obsessive-compulsive symptoms. RESULTS A total of 57 patients out of 63 participants (90.4%) had a COVID-19 inventory score of 12 or higher suggesting that a vast majority of young people with mental disorders had significant pandemic-related worries. Out of these 57 patients, over half (31) had an OCI-R modified score of 17 or higher indicating significant obsessive-compulsive symptoms. A positive correlation was found between the means of the two scores. This relationship was statistically significant - {r = 0.405, Sig. (two-tailed) = 0.001}. CONCLUSION Adolescents with mental disorders can exhibit significant pandemic fears and this is likely to be associated with obsessive-compulsive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Muayad Jouda
- Mental Health Service, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Yahia Albobali
- Mental Health Service, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Aouatef Souid
- Mental Health Service, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Majid Alabdulla
- Mental Health Service, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
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19
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a psychiatric disorder with multiple symptom dimensions (e.g. contamination, symmetry). OCD clusters in families and decades of twin studies clearly demonstrate an important role for genetics in the etiology of the disorder. METHODS In this review, we summarize the genetic epidemiology and molecular genetic studies of OCD and obsessive-compulsive symptoms. RESULTS OCD is a heritable, polygenic disorder with contributions from both common and rare variants, including de novo deleterious variations. Multiple studies have provided reliable support for a large additive genetic contribution to liability to OCD, with discrete OCD symptom dimensions having both shared and unique genetic risks. Genome-wide association studies have not produced significant results yet, likely because of small sample sizes, but larger meta-analyses are forthcoming. Both twin and genome-wide studies show that OCD shares genetic risk with its comorbid conditions (e.g. Tourette syndrome and anorexia nervosa). CONCLUSIONS Despite significant efforts to uncover the genetic basis of OCD, the mechanistic understanding of how genetic and environmental risk factors interact and converge at the molecular level to result in OCD's heterogeneous phenotype is still mostly unknown. Future investigations should increase ancestral genetic diversity, explore age and/or sex differences in genetic risk for OCD and expand the study of pharmacogenetics, gene expression, gene × environment interactions and epigenetic mechanisms for OCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behrang Mahjani
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Tics, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) and Related Disorders, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Katharina Bey
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Julia Boberg
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christie Burton
- Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
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20
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Moretta T, Buodo G. The Relationship Between Affective and Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms in Internet Use Disorder. Front Psychol 2021; 12:700518. [PMID: 34456816 PMCID: PMC8387798 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.700518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the relationships and diagnostic power of symptoms associated with affective disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and drug addictions on Internet use disorder. Moreover, we tested whether Internet use disorder is characterized by a specific network of symptoms. One-hundred-and-four young adults (78 women) were assessed in laboratory using self-report measures of Internet addiction, alcohol use disorder, cannabis abuse, depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms, impulsiveness, and obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Only hoarding, obsessing, and depression symptoms were positively linked to Internet use disorder severity, with hoarding having greater power and accuracy than other obsessive-compulsive and affective symptoms. Only individuals with mild-moderate Internet use disorder were characterized by a network of strong and positive associations of affective and obsessive-compulsive symptoms. These findings may encourage future longitudinal studies aimed at identifying potential clinical criteria for the diagnosis of Internet use disorder and treatment targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Moretta
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Giulia Buodo
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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21
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Zaccari V, D'Arienzo MC, Caiazzo T, Magno A, Amico G, Mancini F. Narrative Review of COVID-19 Impact on Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder in Child, Adolescent and Adult Clinical Populations. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:673161. [PMID: 34054624 PMCID: PMC8158808 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.673161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic and quarantine had a significant impact on mental health which resulted in an increase of anxiety and depression in adult, child and adolescent clinical populations. Less is known about the potential effect of pandemic on obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) so there is a lack of review work to illustrate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on OCD. Purpose: The main objective is to review all the empirical contributions published after March 2020 that dealt with the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on OCD in adults, children and adolescents, investigating the state-of-the-art literature concerning the impact on OCD and detailing limitations. Methods: The literature search was conducted using PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES, MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, and Google Scholar. This review analyzed all studies from January 2020 to 8 January 2021, focusing on clinical populations of children, adolescents, and adults with OCD. Results: A total of 102 articles were screened, resulting in the identification of 64 full-text articles to be further scrutinized. Upon closer examination, there was consensus that 39 articles met the study inclusion criteria and 14 of these were selected for study. Analysis of the results revealed that COVID-19 had an impact on OCD in both adults and young people and seems to have caused exacerbation of symptoms, especially of the contamination/washing subtypes. Eight studies in adult samples showed an increase in the severity of obsessive-compulsive symptoms; two studies underlined a minimal impact of COVID-19 on OCD patients and one study showed a slight improvement in symptoms. Two out of three studies on children and adolescents showed an exacerbation of OCD and a worsening even in the presence of an ongoing treatment. Conclusions: The studies reviewed are few. There are more studies on adult OCD than on children and adolescents. The results are controversial: few studies examined OCD subtypes; in most studies the typology of treatment was not clear and the samples covered a wide age range; a large number of studies did not use the same monitoring period or quantitative measures, both of which make it difficult to compare or rely on the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittoria Zaccari
- School of Cognitive Psychotherapy, Rome, Italy
- Department of Human Sciences, Marconi University, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Francesco Mancini
- School of Cognitive Psychotherapy, Rome, Italy
- Department of Human Sciences, Marconi University, Rome, Italy
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22
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Raines AM, Koscinski B, Mathes BM, Portero AK, Allan NP, Schmidt NB. Examination of a brief computerized Cognitive Anxiety Sensitivity intervention on obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Br J Clin Psychol 2021; 61 Suppl 1:93-110. [PMID: 33945163 DOI: 10.1111/bjc.12298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Despite the existence of several first-line treatments for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), many patients fail to experience symptom reduction and/or do not complete treatment. As a result, the field has increasingly moved towards identifying and treating malleable underlying risk factors that may in turn improve treatment efficacy. One salient underlying risk factor, anxiety sensitivity (AS) cognitive concerns, has been found to be uniquely associated with obsessive-compulsive (OC) symptom dimensions. However, no studies have yet examined whether reductions in AS cognitive concerns will lead to subsequent reductions in OC symptoms. METHODS The current study attempted to fill this gap by recruiting individuals reporting elevations on both AS cognitive concerns and at least one OC symptom dimension. Participants were randomly assigned to receive either a one-session AS cognitive concerns intervention (n = 35) or a single health information control session (n = 37). AS cognitive concerns were assessed at post-intervention and one-month follow-up. RESULTS The active intervention produced significantly greater reductions in AS cognitive concerns post-intervention than the control intervention. However, this effect was no longer significant at one-month follow-up. Further, while there was not an effect of treatment condition on OC symptoms at one-month follow-up, changes in AS cognitive concerns from baseline to post-intervention mediated changes in OC symptoms at one-month follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Findings support previous research attesting to the malleable nature of AS. Extending this research, findings provide initial support for the efficacy of AS interventions among individuals with elevated OC symptoms. PRACTITIONER POINTS Clinicians should consider assessing anxiety sensitivity (AS) among patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. If elevated, clinicians should consider targeting AS as an adjunct to treatment as usual.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda M Raines
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA.,Southeast Louisiana Veterans Health Care System (SLVHCS), New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.,South Central Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | | | - Brittany M Mathes
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Amberly K Portero
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | | | - Norman B Schmidt
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
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23
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Claes L, Buelens T, Depestele L, Dierckx E, Schoevaerts K, Luyckx K. Obsessive-compulsive symptoms in female patients with an eating disorder with or without impulsive non-suicidal self-injury. Eur Eat Disord Rev 2021; 29:663-669. [PMID: 33880819 DOI: 10.1002/erv.2836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS In the present study, we investigated differences in obsessive-compulsive (OC) symptoms in patients with an eating disorder (ED) with or without recent/lifetime impulsive non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI). We included 429 female inpatients with an ED, of whom 31.9% engaged in recent impulsive NSSI and 56.4% in lifetime impulsive NSSI. MATERIALS They filled out the Eating Disorder Evaluation Scale, the Self-Injury Questionnaire-Treatment Related and the Padua Inventory-Revised (OC symptoms). METHODS AND RESULTS Patients with anorexia nervosa, binge-eating/purging type (AN-BP) and bulimia nervosa (BN) engaged more frequently in recent/lifetime impulsive NSSI compared to patients with anorexia nervosa, restrictive-type (AN-R). Two MANCOVAs with OC symptoms as dependent variables, and ED subtypes and recent/lifetime impulsive NSSI as independent variables controlling for age and body mass index showed the main effects of ED subtypes and recent/lifetime impulsive NSSI. Patients with AN-BP reported significantly more impulses (i.e., being afraid of losing control over motor behaviours) compared to patients with AN-R and BN. ED patients with impulsive recent/lifetime NSSI scored significantly higher on all OC scales compared to patients without NSSI. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION In sum, the presence of recent/lifetime impulsive NSSI in patients with an ED seems to be related to more severe OC symptoms. Hence, this comorbidity needs to be addressed in psychotherapy, such as in transdiagnostic cognitive behavioural therapy for EDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Claes
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Tinne Buelens
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lies Depestele
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Psychiatric Hospital Alexianen Zorggroep Tienen, Tienen, Belgium
| | - Eva Dierckx
- Psychiatric Hospital Alexianen Zorggroep Tienen, Tienen, Belgium.,Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Koen Luyckx
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,UNIBS, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
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24
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Rajabi Khamesi S, Najafi M, Khosravani V. The effect of childhood maltreatment on suicidal ideation through cognitive emotion regulation strategies and specific obsessive-compulsive symptoms in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Clin Psychol Psychother 2021; 28:1435-1444. [PMID: 33687749 DOI: 10.1002/cpp.2582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Childhood maltreatment is thought to be associated with suicidality in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Although the underlying mechanism of this relationship is not clear, cognitive emotion regulation strategies (CERSs) and the specific OC symptoms including unacceptable obsessional thoughts (UOTs) and responsibility for harm (RFH) may underlie this link. Accordingly, the study aimed to assess the effect of childhood maltreatment on suicidal ideation through UOTs, RFH and adaptive and maladaptive CERSs in OCD patients. Three hundred patients meeting a DSM-5 diagnosis of OCD were selected and completed the scales measuring childhood maltreatment, OCD, suicidality and depressive symptoms. After controlling for depressive symptoms and OCD severity, childhood maltreatment was shown to affect suicidal ideation directly. Also, the indirect effect of childhood maltreatment on suicidal ideation was mediated by adaptive CERSs, UOTs and RFH. The findings show that OCD patients with a history of childhood maltreatment, less use of adaptive CERSs and the experiences of UOTs and RFH should be carefully considered regarding suicidal risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiva Rajabi Khamesi
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Najafi
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran
| | - Vahid Khosravani
- Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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25
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Abstract
Lycanthropy is a rare variant of a delusional misidentification syndrome specifically reverse inter-metamorphosis where patients believe that they are experiencing transformation or have transformed into an animal. A case report of this phenomenon is discussed. We report the lycanthropy phenomenon of a 25-year-old male who believed himself to be transformed into a buffalo after bestiality along with developing obsessive-compulsive features. A case report along with a literature review forms the basis of discussion. Clinical lycanthropy has been reported with various neuropsychiatric conditions including primary psychotic and affective conditions, drug intoxication and withdrawal, cerebrovascular disease, traumatic brain injury, dementia, delirium, and seizures, but its association in the context of obsessive-compulsive and related disorders (OCRDs) is a very rare finding. A differential of OCRD should be given due importance and managed accordingly when dealing with lycanthropy, which may help in early identification and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varchasvi Mudgal
- Psychiatry, Mahatma Gandhi Memorial Medical College, Indore, IND
| | - Mohd R Alam
- Psychiatry, Mahatma Gandhi Memorial Medical College, Indore, IND
| | - Vijay Niranjan
- Psychiatry, Mahatma Gandhi Memorial Medical College, Indore, IND
| | - Priyash Jain
- Psychiatry, Mahatma Gandhi Memorial Medical College, Indore, IND
| | - Virendra S Pal
- Psychiatry, Mahatma Gandhi Memorial Medical College, Indore, IND
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Malayala SV, Rehman H, Vasireddy D. Dermatillomania: A Case Report and Literature Review. Cureus 2021; 13:e12932. [PMID: 33654612 PMCID: PMC7910222 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.12932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin picking disorder, also termed dermatillomania is a condition that leads to repetitive picking of their skin ending up in skin and soft tissue damage. It is classified in Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder Fifth edition under the "obsessive compulsive and related disorders" section. Often associated with other psychiatric conditions like autism, alcohol abuse, obsessive compulsive, body dysmorphic, mood, anxiety and borderline personality disorders, it is a disorder that is quite often underreported. The patient in this case report is a 58-year-old male with a diagnosis of obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) who reported severe anxiety and skin picking episodes over several years. He presented to the emergency room with an extensive wound on distal left foot with exposure of the underlying muscle tissue, that resulted from the excessive picking of skin from the left foot. This compulsive behavior started off with picking the skin around his nail beds and slowly got worse. The skin picking would get worse whenever he gets nervous or anxious. The wound was treated with topical wound care and antibiotics. At the time of discharge, he was prescribed oral antibiotics to complete his course of treatment and was referred to the hospital's cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) program that specializes in treatment of OCD and anxiety disorders. Treatment of dermatillomania is a multipronged approach and should include treatment of the underlying psychiatric illness, the treatment for pruritus and topical treatment of the lesions. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) have proved to be the most effective in treating the psychiatric component of dermatillomania. Non-pharmacological treatments such as behavioral therapy, habit reversal exercises and support groups have also proved to be helpful and are well tolerated amongst patients suffering from dermatillomania.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hira Rehman
- Internal Medicine, Physicians for American Healthcare Access, Philadelphia, USA
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Ching THW, Rouleau TM, Turner E, Williams MT. Disgust sensitivity mediates the link between homophobia and sexual orientation obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Cogn Behav Ther 2021; 50:452-465. [PMID: 33475018 DOI: 10.1080/16506073.2020.1861083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Previous research has shown that intrusive thoughts in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) often focus on emotionally significant aspects of individuals' lives (e.g., values and beliefs). The current study sought to expand our understanding of OC symptoms related to sexual orientation (SO-OC symptoms) by investigating the roles of homophobia (i.e., negative attitudes, affect, and behaviors toward individuals with a same-gender orientation) and disgust propensity and sensitivity. A total of 592 self-identified heterosexual college students were recruited to complete measures of homophobia, disgust propensity and sensitivity, and SO-OC symptoms. Results of separate parallel mediation analyses indicated that the relationships between homophobic affect/attitudes and avoidance/aggression on one hand, and SO-OC symptoms on the other, were partially mediated specifically by disgust sensitivity, after controlling for gender. Theoretical and clinical implications are discussed, including how homophobia can be conceptualized as a disgust response in the treatment of SO-OC symptoms, as well as how other constructs of potential interest (sexual and moral disgust, religiosity, conservative sexual ideology) can be examined in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terence H W Ching
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | | | - Emma Turner
- Department of Trauma Research, Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Dallas, TX, USA
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28
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Nicolini H, Martínez-Magaña JJ, Genis-Mendoza AD, Villatoro Velázquez JA, Camarena B, Fleiz Bautista C, Bustos-Gamiño M, Aguilar García A, Lanzagorta N, Medina-Mora ME. Cannabis Use in People With Obsessive-Compulsive Symptomatology: Results From a Mexican Epidemiological Sample. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:664228. [PMID: 34040556 PMCID: PMC8141625 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.664228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that the endocannabinoid system could play an important role in the physiopathology of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). There are reports of effective treatment with derivatives of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). The study of the genetic factor associated with psychiatric disorders has made possible an exploration of its contribution to the pharmacological response. However, very little is known about the genetic factor or the prevalence of cannabis use in the Mexican population with OCD. The objective of this study is to compare the prevalence of use and dependence on cannabis in individuals with obsessive-compulsive symptomatology (OCS) with that of individuals with other psychiatric symptoms (psychosis, depression, and anxiety), and to explore the association between genetic risk and use. The study includes a total of 13,130 individuals evaluated in the second stage of the 2016 National Survey of Drug, Alcohol, and Tobacco Use (Encodat 2016), with genetic analysis (polygenic risk scoring) of a subsample of 3,521 individuals. Obsessive symptomatology had a prevalence of 7.2% and compulsive symptomatology a prevalence of 8.6%. The proportion of individuals with OCS who had ever used cannabis was 23.4%, and of those with cannabis dependency was 2.7%, the latter figure higher than that in individuals with other psychiatric symptoms (hypomania, 2.6%; anxiety, 2.8%; depression, 2.3%), except psychosis (5.9%). Individuals with OCS who reported using cannabis had an increased genetic risk for cannabis dependence but not for OCD. We thus cannot know how the increased genetic risk of cannabis dependence in people with OCD is influenced by their pharmacological response to derivatives of THC. The results, however, suggest paths for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humberto Nicolini
- Genomics Laboratory of Psychiatric and Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Genomic Medicine, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José Jaime Martínez-Magaña
- Genomics Laboratory of Psychiatric and Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Genomic Medicine, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alma Delia Genis-Mendoza
- Genomics Laboratory of Psychiatric and Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Genomic Medicine, Mexico City, Mexico.,Juan N. Navarro Children's Psychiatric Hospital, Psychiatric Care Services, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jorge Ameth Villatoro Velázquez
- Data Analysis and Survey Unit, Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz National Institute of Psychiatry, Mexico City, Mexico.,Global Studies Seminar, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Beatriz Camarena
- Department of Pharmacogenetics, Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz National Institute of Psychiatry, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Clara Fleiz Bautista
- Data Analysis and Survey Unit, Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz National Institute of Psychiatry, Mexico City, Mexico.,Global Studies Seminar, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Marycarmen Bustos-Gamiño
- Data Analysis and Survey Unit, Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz National Institute of Psychiatry, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Aguilar García
- Department of Pharmacogenetics, Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz National Institute of Psychiatry, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - María Elena Medina-Mora
- Data Analysis and Survey Unit, Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz National Institute of Psychiatry, Mexico City, Mexico.,Global Studies Seminar, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
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Ravagnani Salto AB, Santoro ML, Hoexter MQ, Jackowski AP, Pan PM, Rosário MC, Belangero SI, Alvarenga PG, Doretto VF, Fumo AMT, Batistuzzo MC, Macul Ferreira de Barros P, Timpano KR, Ota VK, Rohde LA, Miguel EC, Leckman JF, Zugman A. Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms, Polygenic Risk Score, and Thalamic Development in Children From the Brazilian High-Risk Cohort for Mental Conditions (BHRCS). Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:673595. [PMID: 34163385 PMCID: PMC8215160 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.673595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Thalamic volume measures have been linked to obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in children and adolescents. However, it is unclear if alterations in thalamic volumes occur before or after symptom onset and if there is a relation to the presence of sub-clinical obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS). Here, we explore the relationship between OCS and the rate of thalamic volume change in a cohort of children and youth at high risk to develop a mental disorder. A secondary aim was to determine if there is a relationship between OCS and the individual's OCD polygenic risk score (OCD-PRS) and between the rate of thalamic volume change and the OCD-PRS. Methods: The sample included 378 children enrolled in the longitudinal Brazilian High-Risk Cohort for Mental Conditions. Participants were assessed for OCS and the symmetrized percent change (SPC) of thalamic volume across two time-points separated by 3 years, along with the OCD-PRS. Zero-altered negative binomial models were used to analyze the relationship between OCS and thalamic SPC. Multiple linear regressions were used to examine the relationship between thalamic SPC and OCD-PRS. Results: A significant relationship between OCS and the right thalamus SPC (p = 0.042) was found. There was no significant relationship between changes in thalamic volume SPC and OCD-PRS. Conclusions: The findings suggest that changes in the right thalamic volume over the course of 3 years in children may be associated to OCS. Future studies are needed to confirm these results and further characterize the specific nature of OCS symptoms associated with thalamic volumes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcos L Santoro
- Departamento de Morfologia e Genética, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Q Hoexter
- Department and Institute of Psychiatry, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andrea Parolin Jackowski
- Laboratory of Integrative Neuroscience, Departamento de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pedro M Pan
- Laboratory of Integrative Neuroscience, Departamento de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Conceição Rosário
- Laboratory of Integrative Neuroscience, Departamento de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sintia I Belangero
- Departamento de Morfologia e Genética, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratory of Integrative Neuroscience, Departamento de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pedro Gomes Alvarenga
- Department and Institute of Psychiatry, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Victoria Fogaça Doretto
- Department and Institute of Psychiatry, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Afonso Mazine Tiago Fumo
- Department and Institute of Psychiatry, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo C Batistuzzo
- Department and Institute of Psychiatry, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Methods and Techniques in Psychology, Pontifical Catholic University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Kiara R Timpano
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, United States
| | - Vanessa K Ota
- Departamento de Morfologia e Genética, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luis Augusto Rohde
- Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Developmental Psychiatry Programs, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - James F Leckman
- Yale Child Study Centre, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - André Zugman
- Laboratory of Integrative Neuroscience, Departamento de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Zaccari V, Gragnani A, Pellegrini V, Caiazzo T, D'Arienzo MC, Magno A, Femia G, Mancini F. An Observational Study of OCD Patients Treated With Cognitive Behavioral Therapy During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:755744. [PMID: 34744841 PMCID: PMC8569247 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.755744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives: While the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic for general mental health and the increase in anxiety and depression are clear, less is known about the potential effect of the pandemic on OCD. The purpose of this study is to collect new data to monitor the symptomatic status of patients with OCD during the period of emergency due to COVID-19 and to make a comparison between two psychodiagnostic evaluations. Methods: Eleven OCD patients and their psychotherapists were recruited. All patients had a specific psychodiagnostic assessment for OCD (SCL-90; OCI-R; Y-BOCS self-report) performed between December 2019 and January 2020 (t0), and undertook cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and exposure and prevention of response protocol (ERP) before the lockdown. The psychodiagnostic assessment carried out at t0 was re-administered (t1) to all patients, together with a set of qualitative questions collected through an online survey. The respective therapists were asked to document the status of the therapy and the monitoring of symptoms through use of a semi-structured interview (Y-BOCS) and a qualitative interview. Non-parametric analyses were conducted. Results: Patients reported a significant decrease in OCD symptoms. Data analysis showed a decrease in the scores across t0 and at t1 on the Y-BOCS (SR) total self-report, and on OCD symptoms' severity assessed by means of the OCI-r and SCL-90 r OC subscale, for 11 participants. Relating to the measures detected by psychotherapists, marginally significant improvements and lower scores were found in the Y-BOCS (I). An improvement in symptoms was noticed by 90.9% of the clinical sample; this was confirmed by 45.4% of the therapists, who claimed moderate progress in their patients. Conclusions: The data collected through standardized measurements at two different times, albeit relative to a small sample, assume relevance from a clinical point of view. In the literature, some studies document the worsening of OCD. However, in many studies, the type of treatment, the detection time, and the intervention period are not well-specified. These results confirm the effectiveness of CBT/ERP as an elective treatment for OCD through a specific intervention procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittoria Zaccari
- Associazione Scuola di Psicoterapia Cognitiva (APC-SPC), Rome, Italy.,Department of Human Sciences, Marconi University, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Gragnani
- Associazione Scuola di Psicoterapia Cognitiva (APC-SPC), Rome, Italy
| | - Valerio Pellegrini
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology Sapienza, University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Tecla Caiazzo
- Associazione Scuola di Psicoterapia Cognitiva (APC-SPC), Rome, Italy
| | | | - Antonella Magno
- Associazione Scuola di Psicoterapia Cognitiva (APC-SPC), Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Femia
- Associazione Scuola di Psicoterapia Cognitiva (APC-SPC), Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Mancini
- Associazione Scuola di Psicoterapia Cognitiva (APC-SPC), Rome, Italy.,Department of Human Sciences, Marconi University, Rome, Italy
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31
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Blanco-Vieira T, Hoexter MQ, Batistuzzo MC, Alvarenga P, Szejko N, Fumo AMT, Miguel EC, do Rosário MC. Association Between Obsessive-Compulsive Symptom Dimensions in Mothers and Psychopathology in Their Children. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:674261. [PMID: 34262490 PMCID: PMC8273307 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.674261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The non-clinical presentation of obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS) in women may impact not only their daily lives and well-being but also increase the risk for emotional and behavioral problems in their children. This study aims to investigate the OCS dimension distribution in a large sample of mothers from a cohort of school age children and the association between these OCS dimensions with their own psychopathology, and with the presence of OCS and other psychopathology in their children. Method: Our final sample consisted of 2,511 mother-children dyads recruited from the elementary schools of two large cities. Throughout multiple regression analysis, we examined the correlations between demographic and clinical variables of mothers assessed by the Mini International Psychiatric Interview (MINI) and the Dimensional Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale-Short Version (DY-BOCS-SV) with children's psychopathology status reported by the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). Results: The overall prevalence of mothers who reported experiencing at least one OCS was 40% (N = 1,004). "Aggression/violence" was the most frequent symptom dimension (32.2%), followed by the "symmetry/ordering" (16.4%) and the "sexual/religious" dimensions (13.8%). There was a significant correlation between the presence of OCS and maternal psychopathology in general (p < 0.001, r = 0.397). Not only the presence but also the severity of the mother's OCS were strongly correlated to the total (p < 0.001), internalizing (p < 0.001), externalizing (p < 0.001), and OCS subscale scores (p < 0.001) on the CBCL. Conclusion: OCS dimensions are highly prevalent in women. Presence and severity of maternal OCS are related to children's psychopathology and behavioral problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Blanco-Vieira
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Unit (UPIA), Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Queiroz Hoexter
- Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents (INCT-CNPq), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo C Batistuzzo
- Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents (INCT-CNPq), São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Methods and Techniques in Psychology, Pontifical Catholic University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pedro Alvarenga
- Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Sírio-Libanês Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Natalia Szejko
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.,Department of Neurology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Bioethics, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Afonso Mazine Tiago Fumo
- Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Hospital Central da Beira, Beira, Mozambique
| | - Eurípedes C Miguel
- Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents (INCT-CNPq), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Conceição do Rosário
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Unit (UPIA), Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents (INCT-CNPq), São Paulo, Brazil
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Kopelovich SL, Wood K, Cotes RO, Goldsmith DR. Integration of Clozapine-associated Harm Obsessions into Cognitive Behavioral Conceptualization and Treatment Planning for Thought Broadcasting: A Case Study. J Psychiatr Pract 2020; 26:329-36. [PMID: 32692132 DOI: 10.1097/PRA.0000000000000470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES As many as 30% of individuals with a schizophrenia spectrum disorder experience obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS). Clozapine has demonstrated superior efficacy for the treatment of medication-resistant schizophrenia but it is also associated with an increased risk for OCS. Because pharmacologic management of clozapine-related OCS can be particularly challenging, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) should be considered. Nevertheless, there are few detailed accounts of CBT for OCS and schizophrenia. METHODS The authors describe the interdisciplinary outpatient care of a client who had a 25-year history of schizoaffective disorder, bipolar type, and OCS. The case formulation was used to guide interventions to target core schemas of being dangerous and defective. The case study describes the cognitive behavioral formulation, treatment targets, treatment course, and functional and symptom response. RESULTS The client received 21 sessions of a formulation-based CBT for psychosis protocol, which included a 6-session course of exposure with response prevention, consisting of imaginal and in vivo exposure to multiple salient harm stimuli. Reduced ratings of distress and a 50% reduction in OCS suggest that habituation and inhibitory learning occurred. The treatment of OCS resulted in the complete resolution of thought broadcasting. Subsequently, the client was more successful in his efforts to adhere to an action schedule. LIMITATIONS The use of both the treatment approach described in this clinical case report and contemporaneous medication management preclude comment on the mechanism(s) of the therapeutic change observed in this case. CONCLUSIONS This report presents a means of conceptualizing the interplay between thought broadcasting and harm obsessions and discusses considerations in identifying and treating individuals with similar comorbid conditions, particularly in the context of clozapine treatment for medication-resistant psychosis.
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Miller ML, O’Hara MW. Obsessive-compulsive symptoms, intrusive thoughts and depressive symptoms: a longitudinal study examining relation to maternal responsiveness. J Reprod Infant Psychol 2020; 38:226-242. [PMID: 31431052 PMCID: PMC7031018 DOI: 10.1080/02646838.2019.1652255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The postpartum period is a vulnerable time for the development of depression. While perinatal depression has been well studied, intrusive thoughts related to the infant and classic obsessive-compulsive (OC) symptoms (e.g. chequering, ordering and cleaning) are also common in the postpartum and less well understood. OBJECTIVE The present study investigated the associations among depressive symptoms, intrusive thoughts, and OC symptoms and their relation to the quality of the mother-infant relationship, particularly in the realm of maternal responsiveness. METHODS Participants (N = 228) were recruited after delivery from a large Midwestern academic medical centre. At 2 and 12-week postpartum, participants completed self-report questionnaires that assessed demographics, depressive and OC symptoms, postpartum-specific intrusive thoughts and accompanying neutralising strategies, and maternal responsiveness. RESULTS At 12-week postpartum, maternal responsiveness was significantly lower for participants that endorsed intrusive thoughts, neutralising strategies or OC symptoms of clinical significance. More severe intrusive thoughts and neutralising strategies were associated with maternal responsiveness but not predictive after accounting for depressive symptoms; depressive symptoms were associated with lower levels of maternal responsiveness across the postpartum. CONCLUSIONS A sizable number of postpartum women experience clinically significant postpartum-specific intrusive thoughts and utilise neutralising strategies, especially in the context of postpartum depressive symptoms. Depressive symptoms have the most influence on maternal responsiveness but it is also important to target intrusive thoughts and OC symptoms in the context of postpartum depression to promote the welfare of new mothers and their offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L. Miller
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, W311 Seashore Hall, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Michael W. O’Hara
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, W311 Seashore Hall, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
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34
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Smit DJA, Cath D, Zilhão NR, Ip HF, Denys D, den Braber A, de Geus EJC, Verweij KJH, Hottenga J, Boomsma DI. Genetic meta-analysis of obsessive-compulsive disorder and self-report compulsive symptoms. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2020; 183:208-216. [PMID: 31891238 PMCID: PMC7317414 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
We investigated whether obsessive-compulsive (OC) symptoms from a population-based sample could be analyzed to detect genetic variants influencing obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). We performed a genome-wide association studies (GWAS) on the obsession (rumination and impulsions) and compulsion (checking, washing, and ordering/precision) subscales of an abbreviated version of the Padua Inventory (N = 8,267 with genome-wide genotyping and phenotyping). The compulsion subscale showed a substantial and significant positive genetic correlation with an OCD case-control GWAS (r G = 0.61, p = .017) previously published by the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC-OCD). The obsession subscale and the total Padua score showed no significant genetic correlations (r G = -0.02 and r G = 0.42, respectively). A meta-analysis of the compulsive symptoms GWAS with the PGC-OCD revealed no genome-wide significant Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs combined N = 17,992, indicating that the power is still low for individual SNP effects). A gene-based association analysis, however, yielded two novel genes (WDR7 and ADCK1). The top 250 genes in the gene-based test also showed a significant increase in enrichment for psychiatric and brain-expressed genes. S-Predixcan testing showed that for genes expressed in hippocampus, amygdala, and caudate nucleus significance increased in the meta-analysis with compulsive symptoms compared to the original PGC-OCD GWAS. Thus, the inclusion of dimensional symptom data in genome-wide association on clinical case-control GWAS of OCD may be useful to find genes for OCD if the data are based on quantitative indices of compulsive behavior. SNP-level power increases were limited, but aggregate, gene-level analyses showed increased enrichment for brain-expressed genes related to psychiatric disorders, and increased association with gene expression in brain tissues with known emotional, reward processing, memory, and fear-formation functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk J. A. Smit
- Department of PsychiatryAmsterdam UMC Location AMCAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Danielle Cath
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands,GGZ‐DrentheAssenThe Netherlands
| | - Nuno R. Zilhão
- Icelandic Heart AssociationReykjavikIceland,Netherlands Twin Register, Department of Biological PsychologyVrije UniversiteitAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Hill F. Ip
- Netherlands Twin Register, Department of Biological PsychologyVrije UniversiteitAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Damiaan Denys
- Department of PsychiatryAmsterdam UMC Location AMCAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Anouk den Braber
- Netherlands Twin Register, Department of Biological PsychologyVrije UniversiteitAmsterdamThe Netherlands,Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam NeuroscienceVrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMCAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Eco J. C. de Geus
- Netherlands Twin Register, Department of Biological PsychologyVrije UniversiteitAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | | | - Jouke‐Jan Hottenga
- Netherlands Twin Register, Department of Biological PsychologyVrije UniversiteitAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Dorret I. Boomsma
- Netherlands Twin Register, Department of Biological PsychologyVrije UniversiteitAmsterdamThe Netherlands
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35
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S Chasson G, R Guillot C, J Zvolensky M, M Liautaud M, B Schmidt N, M Leventhal A. Obsessive-compulsive symptoms and cigarette smoking: an initial cross-sectional test of mechanisms of co-occurrence. Cogn Behav Ther 2020; 49:385-397. [PMID: 32324104 DOI: 10.1080/16506073.2020.1745878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Tobacco addiction and obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS; intrusive thoughts or impulses that cause distress and rituals) are both mediated by compulsivity and negative reinforcement. Little evidence exists to guide theory, research, treatment, and population-based prevention of this co-occurrence. We propose a conceptual model of OCS-smoking co-occurrence in which smokers with elevated OCS capitalize on smoking to assuage OCS. This secondary analysis examined associations between OCS levels and self-reported smoking motives that are model-concordant: i) negative reinforcement-smoking for relief; ii) sensorimotor-benefits of behaviors and sensations of the tobacco self-administration ritual; and iii) habitual-smoking without conscious control. A community sample of cigarette smokers enrolled in a cessation trial (N = 458; 47.2% female; M age = 36.9; SD = 13.6) completed pre-quit self-report measures of OCS levels and smoking motives. Regression models adjusted for sociodemographic covariates and non-OCS psychopathologies indicated that OCS level was positively associated with each model-concordant motive. OCS level was also correlated with tobacco dependence severity and greater withdrawal symptom severity experienced during previous quit attempts. Those with higher OCS report greater motivation to smoke for negative reinforcement, sensorimotor behavioral-ritualistic, habit/automaticity, and stimulation reasons. Further examination of the proposed model of OCS-smoking co-occurrence is warranted to guide theory and intervention for this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory S Chasson
- Department of Psychology, Illinois Institute of Technology , Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Casey R Guillot
- Department of Psychology, University of North Texas , Denton, TX, USA
| | - Michael J Zvolensky
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston , Houston, TX, USA.,University of Texas, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX, USA.,Health Institute, University of Houston , Houston, TX, USA
| | - Madalyn M Liautaud
- Department of Preventative Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine , Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Norman B Schmidt
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University , Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Adam M Leventhal
- Department of Preventative Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine , Los Angeles, CA, USA.,USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center , Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Psychology, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Abstract
Introduction The use of smartphones throughout the United States continues to rise. Although smartphones have increased our capacity to access information, there is concern if excessive use may impact mental health. The purpose of this study was to examine whether a relationship exists between smartphone use and the presence of obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS) or behaviors. Methods A 33-item online survey was developed with 19 items relating to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). A survey response was considered positive for possible OCS if participants answered at least 3 questions as Most of the time or All of the time for the OCD-related questions structured around the DSM-5 criteria for OCD while also using their smartphone for greater than 2 or more hours per day. Results A total of 308 of 550 subjects identified spending 2 or more hours on their smartphone per day and also answered positively on 3 or more questions designed to identify OCS. A statistically significant difference was discovered between those who used their smartphone for 2 or more hours per day and those who met 3 or more positive criteria for OCS compared to those who used their smartphone less than 2 hours per day (P < .00001). Discussion The results of this study demonstrate a possible relationship between smartphone use and OCS. Additional research needs to be conducted to further investigate these results to determine their significance in clinical practice.
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Fite RE, Adut SL, Magee JC. Do you believe in magical thinking? Examining magical thinking as a mediator between obsessive-compulsive belief domains and symptoms. Behav Cogn Psychother 2020; 48:454-62. [PMID: 32178750 DOI: 10.1017/S1352465820000132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite substantial research attention on obsessive beliefs, more research is needed to understand how these beliefs serve as aetiological or maintaining factors for obsessive-compulsive (OC) symptoms. Magical thinking may allow individuals to gain a sense of control when experiencing intrusive thoughts and corresponding obsessive beliefs, potentially accounting for why OC belief domains are often related to OC symptoms. AIMS This study examines magical thinking as a mediating variable in the relationship between OC belief domains and symptoms. METHOD Undergraduate students (n = 284) reported their obsessive beliefs, magical thinking, and OC symptoms. RESULTS As expected, there were significant indirect effects for the belief domain of inflated responsibility and over-estimation of threat on OC symptoms via magical thinking. There was also an indirect effect for the belief domain of importance and control of thoughts on OC symptoms via magical thinking. Unexpectedly, there was no indirect effect involving the belief domain of perfectionism and intolerance of uncertainty. CONCLUSIONS Magical thinking may be one mechanism through which certain OC beliefs lead to OC symptoms. It may be that magical thinking serves as a coping mechanism in response to elevated beliefs. Future studies should extend these findings across time and clinical samples.
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Isaacs D, Key AP, Cascio CJ, Conley AC, Walker HC, Wallace MT, Claassen DO. Sensory Hypersensitivity Severity and Association with Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms in Adults with Tic Disorder. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2020; 16:2591-2601. [PMID: 33173296 PMCID: PMC7646442 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s274165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sensory hypersensitivity, defined as heightened awareness of and reactivity to external stimuli, is a bothersome symptom that affects up to 80% of adults with Tourette syndrome (TS). Such widespread prevalence suggests sensory hypersensitivity is a core feature of the disorder, but its severity and association with other clinical features of TS remain largely unexplored. Complicating matters, sensory hypersensitivity has been observed in two neurodevelopmental disorders commonly comorbid with TS: obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). OBJECTIVE We sought to measure sensory hypersensitivity in TS patients relative to healthy controls and to investigate the relationship of sensory hypersensitivity with OCD and ADHD symptoms in the context of TS. METHODS We recruited 34 adults with TS or chronic tic disorder to undergo evaluation with the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS) and a battery of validated self-report instruments assessing sensory hypersensitivity (Sensory Gating Inventory, SGI; Sensory Perception Quotient, SPQ), premonitory urge (Premonitory Urge to Tic Scale, PUTS), OCD (Dimensional Obsessive-Compulsive Scale, DOCS), and ADHD (Adult ADHD Self-Report Screening Scale for DSM-5, ASRS-V). Age- and sex-matched healthy controls were recruited to complete SGI and psychiatric measures. RESULTS SGI and SPQ scores strongly correlated (r s = -0.73, p < 0.0001) within patients. SGI total score was significantly higher in patients versus controls (119.0 vs 67.6, U =-5.3, p < 0.0001), indicating greater sensory hypersensitivity in the tic disorder group. SGI score correlated modestly with PUTS, DOCS, and ASRS-V scores but not with YGTSS total tic score. Hierarchical linear regression analysis revealed that, of the tested variables, only DOCS score contributed significantly to mean SGI score, with β ranging from 1.03 (p = 0.044) to 1.41 (p = 0.001). A simple linear regression model with DOCS as the independent variable accounted for 31.9% of SGI score variance. CONCLUSION Sensory hypersensitivity is prominent in adults with tic disorder and is independently associated with obsessive-compulsive symptom severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Isaacs
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Alexandra P Key
- Center for Cognitive Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.,Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Carissa J Cascio
- Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.,Frist Center for Autism and Innovation, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Alexander C Conley
- Center for Cognitive Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Harrison C Walker
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Mark T Wallace
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.,Frist Center for Autism and Innovation, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Daniel O Claassen
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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Calero Vivas D, Felipe-Castaño E, León B. Emotional Processing and Personality as Predictors of Obsessive-compulsive Symptoms in College Students. Span J Psychol 2019; 22:E32. [PMID: 31232251 DOI: 10.1017/sjp.2019.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The categorical definition of obsessive-compulsive disorder, and exclusive focus on thoughts and behaviors, have constrained the study and treatment of its symptoms. The present study's aim was to search for relationships among emotional processing dimensions, five major personality dimensions, and self-perceived obsessive-compulsive symptoms. The participants were 100 college students, and the questionnaires used were a selection of images from the International Affective Picture System (IAPS), the Self-assessment Manikin (SAM), the Dimensional Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (DOCS), and the NEO-FFI. We found differences in emotional processing dimensions between participants with high and low DOCS scores, grouped according to sex (d = .56); and evidence that the neuroticism and agreeableness dimensions predict self-perceived obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Emotional processing dimensions and personality are considered useful to comprehending obsessive-compulsive symptoms, which lends support to dimensional models of OC symptomatology, as well as planning and developing psychological interventions.
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Raines AM, Franklin CL, Carroll MN. Obsessive-Compulsive Symptom Dimensions and Insomnia: Associations Among a Treatment-Seeking Veteran Sample. J Cogn Psychother 2019; 33:46-57. [PMID: 32746421 DOI: 10.1891/0889-8391.33.1.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Sleep disturbances are a prevalent and pernicious correlate of most emotional disorders. A growing body of literature has recently found evidence for an association between sleep disturbances and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Though informative, this link has yet to be explored in a veteran population. Further, the degree to which this relationship is accounted for by relevant third variables is limited. The current study investigated the relationship between self-reported insomnia and OCD symptoms after controlling for probable depression and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) using an unselected sample of veterans (N = 57). Most of the sample reported clinically significant OCD (61%) and insomnia symptoms (58%). Results revealed associations between insomnia and OCD unacceptable thoughts/neutralizing compulsions, but not contamination obsessions/washing compulsions, responsibility for harm obsessions/checking compulsions, or symmetry obsessions/ordering compulsions. Findings highlight the need for more research on OCD and sleep problems and clinical work focused on sleep for patients reporting increased OCD symptoms, particularly veterans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda M Raines
- South Central Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), New Orleans, Louisiana.,Southeast Louisiana Veterans Health Care System, New Orleans, Louisiana.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - C Laurel Franklin
- South Central Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), New Orleans, Louisiana.,Southeast Louisiana Veterans Health Care System, New Orleans, Louisiana.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Michele N Carroll
- Southeast Louisiana Veterans Health Care System, New Orleans, Louisiana
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41
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Abstract
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) and Obsessive Compulsive Symptoms (OCS) are known to be highly comorbid with bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Comorbid OCD/OCS influences the course of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. There is also some evidence to suggest that a diagnosis of OCD may be associated with elevated risk for later development of psychosis and bipolar disorder. Comorbid OCD/OCS is associated with a greater severity of schizophrenia phenotype and poorer prognosis. In addition, certain atypical antipsychotics, clozapine in particular are known to induce or worsen OCS in schizophrenia. OCD when comorbid with bipolar disorder mostly runs an episodic course with worsening and improvement of OCD/OCS in depressive and in manic/hypomanic phases respectively. There is limited systematic data on the treatment of OCD in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. When OCD presents in the context of schizophrenia, management may include treatment with atypical antipsychotics with limited serotonergic properties, changing the antipsychotic, reduction in the dose of the antipsychotic, addition of cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT), or a specific serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI). When OCD is comorbid with bipolar disorder, mood stabilization is the priority. CBT may be preferred over SSRIs to treat OCD/OCS that persist in between the mood episodes because SSRIs may induce a switch or worsen the course of bipolar disorder. SSRIs when indicated have to be used judiciously under the cover of adequate mood stabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavanya P. Sharma
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Y. C. Janardhan Reddy
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Yu HW, Huang YJ, Ma WF. [Nursing Experience With Reconstructing Self-Control Using Rational-Emotive Behavior Therapy on a Patient With Schizophrenia and Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms]. Hu Li Za Zhi 2018; 65:112-119. [PMID: 30276779 DOI: 10.6224/jn.201810_65(5).14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
This case report describes a nursing experience caring for a patient with schizophrenia and obsessive-compulsive symptoms. This patient suffered from symptoms of being controlled, obsessive thoughts, and compulsive behaviors. In addition, the patient showed no interest in implementing strategies for dealing with anxiety, no motivation for changing this suffering, and an inability to receive a higher level of rehabilitative job training in daycare. These problems impeded this patient's reintegration into the community. Therefore, the authors employed a five-dimension assessment (physical, emotional, cognitive, social, and spiritual) in order to address the two major nursing problems. The period of nursing care was from October 21, 2016 to January 10, 2017. The two nursing problems addressed included: 1) altered thought processes and 2) ineffective coping. The author provided potentially helpful nursing processes based on the theory of Rational-Emotive Behavior Therapy in order to help the patient cope with symptoms, including being controlled and obsessive-compulsive behaviors. Meanwhile, a relaxation technique was applied to reduce the patient's feelings of discomfort during the nursing processes. As a result, the patient's coping skills to deal with symptoms of being controlled, obsession, and compulsion were improved through refutation of irrational beliefs. In addition to showing rational emotions and appropriate behavior to handle pressures, the patient was also able to apply the relaxation technique to relieve the discomfort from anxiety and pain as needed. This case report suggests that nurses may implement the irrational beliefs refutation training regimen under Rational-Emotive Behavior Therapy for similar cases at the beginning of nursing-patients relationships. Furthermore, providing relaxation techniques in the nursing process may assist patients to deal with stressful life events. The results of this nursing experience are expected to help nursing colleagues apply the above theory and skills with schizophrenia patients with obsessive-compulsive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Wen Yu
- BSN, RN, Department of Nursing, Tsaotun Psychiatric Center, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yen-Ju Huang
- MS, RN, Head Nurse, Department of Nursing, Tsaotun Psychiatric Center, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wei-Fen Ma
- PhD, RN, Professor, School of Nursing, China Medical University, and Adjunct Supervisor, Department of Nursing, China Medical University Hospital, Taiwan, ROC.
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Liu X, Jiang D, Li B, Lu Y, Mao Z. Somatization, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, and job satisfaction of the prison medical workers in Jiangxi, China. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2018; 11:249-257. [PMID: 30050332 PMCID: PMC6055889 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s166868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study evaluated the current situation and possible influencing factors associated with prison medical workers’ (PMWs’) somatization, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, and their job satisfaction. Participants and methods The Chinese version of Symptom Checklist-90-R (SCL-90-R) was used to assess PMWs’ mental health conditions. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the main factors associated with PMWs’ somatization, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, and their job satisfaction. The correlations between PMWs’ somatization, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, and job satisfaction were examined. Results The positive detection rates of somatization and obsessive-compulsive symptoms among the PMWs were 22.73% and 47.27%, respectively. Age, educational level, and length of working in prison were factors related to the PMWs’ mental health. Half of the PMWs were not satisfied with their current job, particularly the females and young workers with a shorter period of service. PMWs’ somatization is strongly positively correlated with obsessive-compulsive symptoms, while job satisfaction is negatively correlated with having somatization symptoms and obsessive-compulsive disorders. Conclusion PMWs with lower educational level, elderly workers, and new employees have higher risk and more serious somatization and obsessive-compulsive symptoms. The female and young PMWs with a short service time were particularly not satisfied with their job. Findings from this study indicated that it is important and necessary to improve PMWs’ job satisfaction in order to reduce their somatization symptoms and obsessive-compulsive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Liu
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China, .,Global Health Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China,
| | - Dongdong Jiang
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China,
| | - Baojing Li
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China,
| | - Yuanan Lu
- Global Health Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China, .,Department of Public Health, University of Hawaii at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Zongfu Mao
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China, .,Global Health Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China,
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Abstract
Misophonia is characterized by extreme aversive reactions to certain classes of sounds. It has recently been recognized as a condition associated with significant disability. Research has begun to evaluate psychopathological correlates of misophonia. This study sought to identify profiles of psychopathology that characterize misophonia in a large community sample. A total of N = 628 adult participants completed a battery of measures assessing anxiety and anxiety sensitivity, depression, stress responses, anger, dissociative experiences, obsessive-compulsive symptoms and beliefs, distress tolerance, bodily perceptions, as well as misophonia severity. Profile Analysis via Multidimensional Scaling (PAMS) was employed to evaluate profiles associated with elevated misophonia and those without symptoms. Three profiles were extracted. The first two accounted for 70% total variance and did not show distinctions between groups. The third profile accounted for 11% total variance, and showed that misophonia is associated with lower obsessive-compulsive symptoms for neutralizing, obsessions generally, and washing compared to those not endorsing misophonia, and higher levels of obsessive-compulsive symptoms associated with ordering and harm avoidance. This third profile extracted also showed significant differences between those with and without misophonia on the scale assessing physical concerns (that is, sensitivity to interoceptive sensations) as assessed with the ASI-3. Further research is called for involving diagnostic interviewing and experimental methods to clarify these putative mechanisms associated with misophonia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Eric A Storch
- University of South Florida; Rogers Behavioral Health-Tampa; Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital
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Hofmeijer-Sevink MK, Batelaan NM, van Megen HJGM, van den Hout MA, Penninx BW, van Balkom AJLM, Cath DC. Presence and Predictive Value of Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms in Anxiety and Depressive Disorders. Can J Psychiatry 2018; 63:85-93. [PMID: 28511595 PMCID: PMC5788131 DOI: 10.1177/0706743717711170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS) co-occur frequently with anxiety and depressive disorders, but the nature of their relationship and their impact on severity of anxiety and depressive disorders is poorly understood. In a large sample of patients with anxiety and depressive disorders, we assessed the frequency of OCS, defined as a Young Adult Self-Report Scale-obsessive-compulsive symptoms score >7. The associations between OCS and severity of anxiety and/or depressive disorders were examined, and it was investigated whether OCS predict onset, relapse, and persistence of anxiety and depressive disorders. METHODS Data were obtained from the third (at 2-year follow-up) and fourth wave (at 4-year follow-up) of data collection in the Netherlands Study of Anxiety and Depression cohort, including 469 healthy controls, 909 participants with a remitted disorder, and 747 participants with a current anxiety and/or depressive disorder. RESULTS OCS were present in 23.6% of the total sample, most notably in those with current combined anxiety and depressive disorders. In patients with a current disorder, OCS were associated with severity of this disorder. Moreover, OCS predicted (1) first onset of anxiety and/or depressive disorders in healthy controls (odds ratio [OR], 5.79; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.15 to 29.14), (2) relapse in those with remitted anxiety and/or depressive disorders (OR, 2.31; 95% CI, 1.55 to 3.46), and (3) persistence in patients with the combination of current anxiety and depressive disorders (OR, 4.42; 95% CI, 2.54 to 7.70) within the 2-year follow-up period Conclusions: OCS are closely related to both the presence and severity of anxiety and depressive disorders and affect their course trajectories. Hence, OCS might be regarded as a course specifier signaling unfavorable outcomes. This specifier may be useful in clinical care to adapt and intensify treatment in individual patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Neeltje M. Batelaan
- GGZ inGeest/Department of Psychiatry and EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Marcel A. van den Hout
- Altrecht Academic Anxiety Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Brenda W. Penninx
- GGZ inGeest/Department of Psychiatry and EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anton J. L. M. van Balkom
- GGZ inGeest/Department of Psychiatry and EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Danielle C. Cath
- Altrecht Academic Anxiety Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- GGz Drenthe, Department of Specialized Training & University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Psychiatry & Rob Giel Onderzoekscentrum, Groningen, the Netherlands
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Wagner D, Sauder T, Koester P, Gouzoulis-Mayfrank E, Daumann J. A Longitudinal Study of Self-Reported Psychopathology in Beginning Ecstasy and Amphetamine Users: A Third Follow-up Evaluation. Subst Use Misuse 2017; 52:1557-1564. [PMID: 28471316 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2017.1290113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is still unknown whether psychopathological symptoms found in ecstasy and amphetamine users were apparent before the first use or developed subsequent to its use. OBJECTIVES The present study presents the third follow-up evaluation of a longitudinal study to assess the nature of the relationship between ecstasy, amphetamine (AMPH) and psychopathology. METHODS In this sample, 69 beginning ecstasy and AMPH users were followed over a period of 4 years. To explore different psychopathological dimensions, the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised was applied. Use of ecstasy, AMPH, cannabis and was gathered by structured interviews and use of cigarettes by a questionnaire. First, linear mixed models for repeated measures (unstructured covariance matrix) on the nine primary symptoms of the SCL-90-R with a separate model for each symptom category were performed. Second, linear regression analyses with the nine primary symptom categories of the baseline assessment (T0) as predictors and with ecstasy and AMPH use as dependent variables were fitted. RESULTS No significant associations between ecstasy, AMPH, and psychopathology were evident. However, a significant two-way interaction between ecstasy and cigarette use at the baseline assessment, as well as a three-way interaction effect between ecstasy, cigarette use, and time on obsessive-compulsive symptoms, were found. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that nicotine may moderate the effect of ecstasy on obsessive-compulsive symptoms. However, no associations between ecstasy, AMPH, and psychopathology have been found. This is one of the few studies, which highlights the role of nicotine in the study of psychopathology in beginning ecstasy and AMPH users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Wagner
- a Klinikum der Universitat zu Koln Klinik und Poliklinik fur Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie , Koln , Germany
| | - Torsten Sauder
- a Klinikum der Universitat zu Koln Klinik und Poliklinik fur Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie , Koln , Germany
| | - Philip Koester
- a Klinikum der Universitat zu Koln Klinik und Poliklinik fur Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie , Koln , Germany
| | | | - Joerg Daumann
- a Klinikum der Universitat zu Koln Klinik und Poliklinik fur Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie , Koln , Germany
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Błachno M, Bryńska A, Tomaszewicz-Libudzic C, Jagielska G, Srebnicki T, Wiśniewski A, Wolańczyk T. Obsessive-compulsive symptoms and physical activity in patients with anorexia nervosa - possible relationships. Psychiatr Pol 2017; 50:55-64. [PMID: 27086328 DOI: 10.12740/pp/34810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to find relationship between obsessive-compulsive symptoms and level and characteristic of physical activity among patients with anorexia nervosa (AN). METHODS Material and methods. 76 female patients, aged 14.8 +/ - 1.8 years with AN completed the Polish version of the Leyton Obsessional Inventory-Child Version (LOI-CV). In order to assess the level and type of physical activity, Physical Activity Questionnaire was developed. RESULTS 35 (46%) subjects were qualified to HR group (Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder "High-risk group") (25 or more points on the Interference Score of LOI-CV) and 41 (54%) to nHR group (no "High-risk group"). nHR patients spent less studying in a standing position, significantly more often used elevators rather than stairs and, according to their parents, devote less time for physical activity. Positive correlation between the caregiver's perception of patient's weekly activity and the number of "YES" answers in LOI-CV, positive trend between Patient's Activity Index or summarised Activity Index and the number of "YES" answers in LOI-CV were found. We also found negative correlation between the time spent studying at school and the number of "YES" answers in LOI-CV. CONCLUSIONS The results show that there is a connection between obsessive-compulsive symptoms and the hyperactivity in AN patients.
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Rydon-Grange M, Coetzer R. Association between cognitive impairments and obsessive-compulsive spectrum presentations following traumatic brain injury. Neuropsychol Rehabil 2017; 29:214-231. [PMID: 28043199 DOI: 10.1080/09602011.2016.1272469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the association between self-reported obsessive-compulsive spectrum symptomatology and cognitive performance in a sample of patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Twenty-four adults with a moderate-severe TBI accessing a community brain injury rehabilitation service were recruited. Age ranged between 19 and 69 years. Participants completed a battery of neuropsychological tasks assessing memory, executive functioning, and speed of information processing. Self-report questionnaires assessing obsessive-compulsive (OC) symptoms and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (OCPD) traits were also completed. Correlational analyses revealed that deficits in cognitive flexibility were associated with greater self-reported OC symptomatology and severity. Greater OC symptom severity was significantly related to poorer performance on a visual memory task. Verbal memory and speed of information processing impairments were unrelated to OC symptoms. Performance on tasks of memory, executive functioning, and speed of information processing were not associated with OCPD traits. Overall, results indicate that greater OC symptomatology and severity were associated with specific neuropsychological functions (i.e., cognitive flexibility, visual memory). OCPD personality traits were unrelated to cognitive performance. Further research is needed to examine the potential causal relationship and longer-term interactions between cognitive sequelae and obsessive-compulsive spectrum presentations post-TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rudi Coetzer
- b North Wales Brain Injury Service , Betsi Cadwaladr University Health Board NHS Wales , Colwyn Bay , UK.,c School of Psychology , Bangor University , Wales , UK
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Mojsa-Kaja J, Golonka K, Gawłowska M. Preliminary analyses of psychometric characteristics of the Polish version of the Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revised (OCI-R) in a non-clinical sample. Int J Occup Med Environ Health 2016; 29:1011-1021. [PMID: 27869250 DOI: 10.13075/ijomeh.1896.00792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is an anxiety-spectrum disorder that affects 1-2% of the adult population. People with OCD are more likely to report impaired social and occupational functioning. Although effective treatments of the OCD exist, many sufferers from this disorder are continuously misdiagnosed. Therefore, improving the assessment of the OCD remains an important area of scientific research. The main goal of the study is the initial verification of psychometric properties in the Polish version of the Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revised (OCI-R) in a college student sample. MATERIAL AND METHODS A group of students completed a battery of measures consisting of obsessive-compulsive symptoms (The OCI-R, The Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale), depression (The Beck Depression Inventory) and anxiety trait (The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory). RESULTS A confirmatory factor analysis, conducted on data from 334 university students, supported a solid and replicable 6-fold factor structure of the OCI-R. Further analyses on test-retest reliability (following a 1-month interval), convergent and divergent validity of the OCI-R were respectively conducted in a group of 137 students who had completed a battery of measures mentioned above. The results showed adequate testretest reliability for the full scale and subscales cores, high internal consistency and confirmed satisfactory convergent and divergent validity. CONCLUSIONS The study constitutes the first phase of work on a Polish version of measurement for obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Satisfactory results obtained in a non-clinical sample allow to recognize this method to be promising for further research. Int J Occup Med Environ Health 2016;29(6):1011-1021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Mojsa-Kaja
- Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland (Institute of Applied Psychology, Department of Neurobiology and Neuropsychology).
| | - Krystyna Golonka
- Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland (Institute of Applied Psychology, Department of Neurobiology and Neuropsychology)
| | - Magda Gawłowska
- Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland (Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Neurobiology Department)
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Pan B, Liu W, Chen Q, Zheng L, Bao Y, Li H, Yu R. Idiopathic basal ganglia calcification presenting as schizophrenia-like psychosis and obsessive-compulsive symptoms: A case report. Exp Ther Med 2015; 10:608-610. [PMID: 26622362 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2015.2525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic basal ganglia calcification (IBGC) is a rare neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the deposition of calcium in the brain and variable combinations of movement disorders, gait impairment and neuropsychiatric symptoms. Few reports have described psychiatric manifestations as early symptoms of IBGC. The present study reports the case of a middle-aged man with schizophrenia-like psychosis and obsessive-compulsive symptoms as the first manifestations of IBGC. The response of the patient to olanzapine and fluoxetine suggests that low-dose olanzapine is effective and should be increased cautiously to avoid worsening parkinsonism and that fluoxetine is an effective drug for the treatment of obsessive-compulsive symptoms in IBGC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Pan
- Department of Psychiatry, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Weibo Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Qiaozhen Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Leilei Zheng
- Department of Psychiatry, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Yingying Bao
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Huichun Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Risheng Yu
- Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
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