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Spada SJ, Rose KM, Sette P, O'Connor SK, Dussupt V, Siddartha Yerramilli V, Nagashima K, Sjoelund VH, Cruz P, Kabat J, Ganesan S, Smelkinson M, Nita-Lazar A, Hoyt F, Scarlata S, Hirsch V, Best SM, Grigg ME, Bouamr F. Human ESCRT-I and ALIX function as scaffolding helical filaments in vivo. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.01.592080. [PMID: 38903125 PMCID: PMC11188096 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.01.592080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
The Endosomal Sorting Complex Required for Transport (ESCRT) is an evolutionarily conserved machinery that performs reverse-topology membrane scission in cells universally required from cytokinesis to budding of enveloped viruses. Upstream acting ESCRT-I and ALIX control these events and link recruitment of viral and cellular partners to late-acting ESCRT-III CHMP4 through incompletely understood mechanisms. Using structure-function analyses combined with super-resolution imaging, we show that ESCRT-I and ALIX function as distinct helical filaments in vivo . Together, they are essential for optimal structural scaffolding of HIV-1 nascent virions, the retention of viral and human genomes through defined functional interfaces, and recruitment of CHMP4 that itself assembles into corkscrew-like filaments intertwined with ESCRT-I or ALIX helices. Disruption of filament assembly or their conformationally clustered RNA binding interfaces in human cells impaired membrane abscission, resulted in major structural instability and leaked nucleic acid from nascent virions and nuclear envelopes. Thus, ESCRT-I and ALIX function as helical filaments in vivo and serve as both nucleic acid-dependent structural scaffolds as well as ESCRT-III assembly templates. Significance statement When cellular membranes are dissolved or breached, ESCRT is rapidly deployed to repair membranes to restore the integrity of intracellular compartments. Membrane sealing is ensured by ESCRT-III filaments assembled on the inner face of membrane; a mechanism termed inverse topology membrane scission. This mechanism, initiated by ESCRT-I and ALIX, is universally necessary for cytokinesis, wound repair, budding of enveloped viruses, and more. We show ESCRT-I and ALIX individually oligomerize into helical filaments that cluster newly discovered nucleic acid-binding interfaces and scaffold-in genomes within nascent virions and nuclear envelopes. These oligomers additionally appear to serve as ideal templates for ESCRT-III polymerization, as helical filaments of CHMP4B were found intertwined ESCRT-I or ALIX filaments in vivo . Similarly, corkscrew-like filaments of ALIX are also interwoven with ESCRT-I, supporting a model of inverse topology membrane scission that is synergistically reinforced by inward double filament scaffolding.
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2
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Sumner C, Ono A. The "basics" of HIV-1 assembly. PLoS Pathog 2024; 20:e1011937. [PMID: 38300900 PMCID: PMC10833515 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Sumner
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Akira Ono
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
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3
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Ávila-Flores A, Sánchez-Cabezón JJ, Ochoa-Echeverría A, Checa AI, Rosas-García J, Téllez-Araiza M, Casado S, Liébana R, Santos-Mendoza T, Mérida I. Identification of Host PDZ-Based Interactions with the SARS-CoV-2 E Protein in Human Monocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12793. [PMID: 37628973 PMCID: PMC10454406 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteins containing PDZ (post-synaptic density, PSD-95/disc large, Dlg/zonula occludens, ZO-1) domains assemble signaling complexes that orchestrate cell responses. Viral pathogens target host PDZ proteins by coding proteins containing a PDZ-binding motif (PBM). The presence of a PBM in the SARS-CoV-2 E protein contributes to the virus's pathogenicity. SARS-CoV-2 infects epithelia, but also cells from the innate immune response, including monocytes and alveolar macrophages. This process is critical for alterations of the immune response that are related to the deaths caused by SARS-CoV-2. Identification of E-protein targets in immune cells might offer clues to understanding how SARS-CoV-2 alters the immune response. We analyzed the interactome of the SARS-CoV-2 E protein in human monocytes. The E protein was expressed fused to a GFP tag at the amino terminal in THP-1 monocytes, and associated proteins were identified using a proteomic approach. The E-protein interactome provided 372 partners; only 8 of these harbored PDZ domains, including the cell polarity protein ZO-2, the chemoattractant IL-16, and syntenin. We addressed the expression and localization of the identified PDZ proteins along the differentiation of primary and THP-1 monocytes towards macrophages and dendritic cells. Our data highlight the importance of identifying the functions of PDZ proteins in the maintenance of immune fitness and the viral alteration of inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Ávila-Flores
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Spanish National Centre for Biotechnology, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (J.J.S.-C.); (A.O.-E.); (A.I.C.); (S.C.); (R.L.)
| | - Juan José Sánchez-Cabezón
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Spanish National Centre for Biotechnology, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (J.J.S.-C.); (A.O.-E.); (A.I.C.); (S.C.); (R.L.)
| | - Ane Ochoa-Echeverría
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Spanish National Centre for Biotechnology, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (J.J.S.-C.); (A.O.-E.); (A.I.C.); (S.C.); (R.L.)
| | - Ana I. Checa
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Spanish National Centre for Biotechnology, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (J.J.S.-C.); (A.O.-E.); (A.I.C.); (S.C.); (R.L.)
| | - Jorge Rosas-García
- Laboratory of Transcriptomics and Molecular Immunology, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (J.R.-G.); (M.T.-A.); (T.S.-M.)
| | - Mariana Téllez-Araiza
- Laboratory of Transcriptomics and Molecular Immunology, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (J.R.-G.); (M.T.-A.); (T.S.-M.)
| | - Sara Casado
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Spanish National Centre for Biotechnology, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (J.J.S.-C.); (A.O.-E.); (A.I.C.); (S.C.); (R.L.)
| | - Rosa Liébana
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Spanish National Centre for Biotechnology, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (J.J.S.-C.); (A.O.-E.); (A.I.C.); (S.C.); (R.L.)
| | - Teresa Santos-Mendoza
- Laboratory of Transcriptomics and Molecular Immunology, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (J.R.-G.); (M.T.-A.); (T.S.-M.)
| | - Isabel Mérida
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Spanish National Centre for Biotechnology, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (J.J.S.-C.); (A.O.-E.); (A.I.C.); (S.C.); (R.L.)
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4
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Mardi N, Haiaty S, Rahbarghazi R, Mobarak H, Milani M, Zarebkohan A, Nouri M. Exosomal transmission of viruses, a two-edged biological sword. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:19. [PMID: 36691072 PMCID: PMC9868521 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-022-01037-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
As a common belief, most viruses can egress from the host cells as single particles and transmit to uninfected cells. Emerging data have revealed en bloc viral transmission as lipid bilayer-cloaked particles via extracellular vesicles especially exosomes (Exo). The supporting membrane can be originated from multivesicular bodies during intra-luminal vesicle formation and autophagic response. Exo are nano-sized particles, ranging from 40-200 nm, with the ability to harbor several types of signaling molecules from donor to acceptor cells in a paracrine manner, resulting in the modulation of specific signaling reactions in target cells. The phenomenon of Exo biogenesis consists of multiple and complex biological steps with the participation of diverse constituents and molecular pathways. Due to similarities between Exo biogenesis and virus replication and the existence of shared pathways, it is thought that viruses can hijack the Exo biogenesis machinery to spread and evade immune cells. To this end, Exo can transmit complete virions (as single units or aggregates), separate viral components, and naked genetic materials. The current review article aims to scrutinize challenges and opportunities related to the exosomal delivery of viruses in terms of viral infections and public health. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narges Mardi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sanya Haiaty
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Rahbarghazi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Imam Reza St., Golgasht St., Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Halimeh Mobarak
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Imam Reza St., Golgasht St., Tabriz, Iran
| | - Morteza Milani
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Zarebkohan
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Nouri
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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5
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Deng Y, Hammond JA, Pauszek R, Ozog S, Chai I, Rabuck-Gibbons J, Lamichhane R, Henderson SC, Millar DP, Torbett BE, Williamson JR. Discrimination between Functional and Non-functional Cellular Gag Complexes involved in HIV-1 Assembly. J Mol Biol 2021; 433:166842. [PMID: 33539875 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2021.166842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
HIV-1 Gag and Gag-Pol are responsible for viral assembly and maturation and represent a major paradigm for enveloped virus assembly. Numerous intracellular Gag-containing complexes (GCCs) have been identified in cellular lysates using sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation. While these complexes are universally present in Gag-expressing cells, their roles in virus assembly are not well understood. Here we demonstrate that most GCC species are predominantly comprised of monomeric or dimeric Gag molecules bound to ribosomal complexes, and as such, are not on-pathway intermediates in HIV assembly. Rather, these GCCs represent a population of Gag that is not yet functionally committed for incorporation into a viable virion precursor. We hypothesize that these complexes act as a reservoir of monomeric Gag that can incorporate into assembling viruses, and serve to mitigate non-specific intracellular Gag oligomerization. We have identified a subset of large GCC complexes, comprising more than 20 Gag molecules, that may be equivalent to membrane-associated puncta previously shown to be bona fide assembling-virus intermediates. This work provides a clear rationale for the existence of diverse GCCs, and serves as the foundation for characterizing on-pathway intermediates early in virus assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yisong Deng
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States
| | - John A Hammond
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States
| | - Raymond Pauszek
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States
| | - Stosh Ozog
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States
| | - Ilean Chai
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States
| | - Jessica Rabuck-Gibbons
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States
| | - Rajan Lamichhane
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States
| | - Scott C Henderson
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States
| | - David P Millar
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States
| | - Bruce E Torbett
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States
| | - James R Williamson
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States; Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States; The Skaggs Institute of Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States.
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6
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The Interplay between ESCRT and Viral Factors in the Enveloped Virus Life Cycle. Viruses 2021; 13:v13020324. [PMID: 33672541 PMCID: PMC7923801 DOI: 10.3390/v13020324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Viruses are obligate parasites that rely on host cellular factors to replicate and spread. The endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT) system, which is classically associated with sorting and downgrading surface proteins, is one of the host machineries hijacked by viruses across diverse families. Knowledge gained from research into ESCRT and viruses has, in turn, greatly advanced our understanding of many other cellular functions in which the ESCRT pathway is involved, e.g., cytokinesis. This review highlights the interplay between the ESCRT pathway and the viral factors of enveloped viruses with a special emphasis on retroviruses.
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7
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Meusser B, Purfuerst B, Luft FC. HIV-1 Gag release from yeast reveals ESCRT interaction with the Gag N-terminal protein region. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:17950-17972. [PMID: 32994219 PMCID: PMC7939435 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.014710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The HIV-1 protein Gag assembles at the plasma membrane and drives virion budding, assisted by the cellular endosomal complex required for transport (ESCRT) proteins. Two ESCRT proteins, TSG101 and ALIX, bind to the Gag C-terminal p6 peptide. TSG101 binding is important for efficient HIV-1 release, but how ESCRTs contribute to the budding process and how their activity is coordinated with Gag assembly is poorly understood. Yeast, allowing genetic manipulation that is not easily available in human cells, has been used to characterize the cellular ESCRT function. Previous work reported Gag budding from yeast spheroplasts, but Gag release was ESCRT-independent. We developed a yeast model for ESCRT-dependent Gag release. We combined yeast genetics and Gag mutational analysis with Gag-ESCRT binding studies and the characterization of Gag-plasma membrane binding and Gag release. With our system, we identified a previously unknown interaction between ESCRT proteins and the Gag N-terminal protein region. Mutations in the Gag-plasma membrane-binding matrix domain that reduced Gag-ESCRT binding increased Gag-plasma membrane binding and Gag release. ESCRT knockout mutants showed that the release enhancement was an ESCRT-dependent effect. Similarly, matrix mutation enhanced Gag release from human HEK293 cells. Release enhancement partly depended on ALIX binding to p6, although binding site mutation did not impair WT Gag release. Accordingly, the relative affinity for matrix compared with p6 in GST-pulldown experiments was higher for ALIX than for TSG101. We suggest that a transient matrix-ESCRT interaction is replaced when Gag binds to the plasma membrane. This step may activate ESCRT proteins and thereby coordinate ESCRT function with virion assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Meusser
- Charité Medical Faculty, Berlin, Germany; Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Friedrich C Luft
- Charité Medical Faculty, Berlin, Germany; Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany; Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Berlin, Germany.
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8
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Gupta S, Bendjennat M, Saffarian S. Abrogating ALIX Interactions Results in Stuttering of the ESCRT Machinery. Viruses 2020; 12:v12091032. [PMID: 32948012 PMCID: PMC7551432 DOI: 10.3390/v12091032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT) proteins assemble on budding cellular membranes and catalyze their fission. Using live imaging of HIV virions budding from cells, we followed recruitment of ESCRT proteins ALIX, CHMP4B and VPS4. We report that the ESCRT proteins transiently co-localize with virions after completion of virion assembly for durations of 45 ± 30 s. We show that mutagenizing the YP domain of Gag which is the primary ALIX binding site or depleting ALIX from cells results in multiple recruitments of the full ESCRT machinery on the same virion (referred to as stuttering where the number of recruitments to the same virion >3). The stuttering recruitments are approximately 4 ± 3 min apart and have the same stoichiometry of ESCRTs and same residence time (45 ± 30 s) as the single recruitments in wild type interactions. Our observations suggest a role for ALIX during fission and question the linear model of ESCRT recruitment, suggesting instead a more complex co-assembly model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpa Gupta
- Center for Cell and Genome Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; (S.G.); (M.B.)
- Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Mourad Bendjennat
- Center for Cell and Genome Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; (S.G.); (M.B.)
- Radiation Oncology Department, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Saveez Saffarian
- Center for Cell and Genome Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; (S.G.); (M.B.)
- Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- Correspondence:
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9
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How HIV-1 Gag Manipulates Its Host Cell Proteins: A Focus on Interactors of the Nucleocapsid Domain. Viruses 2020; 12:v12080888. [PMID: 32823718 PMCID: PMC7471995 DOI: 10.3390/v12080888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) polyprotein Gag (Group-specific antigen) plays a central role in controlling the late phase of the viral lifecycle. Considered to be only a scaffolding protein for a long time, the structural protein Gag plays determinate and specific roles in HIV-1 replication. Indeed, via its different domains, Gag orchestrates the specific encapsidation of the genomic RNA, drives the formation of the viral particle by its auto-assembly (multimerization), binds multiple viral proteins, and interacts with a large number of cellular proteins that are needed for its functions from its translation location to the plasma membrane, where newly formed virions are released. Here, we review the interactions between HIV-1 Gag and 66 cellular proteins. Notably, we describe the techniques used to evidence these interactions, the different domains of Gag involved, and the implications of these interactions in the HIV-1 replication cycle. In the final part, we focus on the interactions involving the highly conserved nucleocapsid (NC) domain of Gag and detail the functions of the NC interactants along the viral lifecycle.
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10
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The Flemmingsome reveals an ESCRT-to-membrane coupling via ALIX/syntenin/syndecan-4 required for completion of cytokinesis. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1941. [PMID: 32321914 PMCID: PMC7176721 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15205-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokinesis requires the constriction of ESCRT-III filaments on the side of the midbody, where abscission occurs. After ESCRT recruitment at the midbody, it is not known how the ESCRT-III machinery localizes to the abscission site. To reveal actors involved in abscission, we obtained the proteome of intact, post-abscission midbodies (Flemmingsome) and identified 489 proteins enriched in this organelle. Among these proteins, we further characterized a plasma membrane-to-ESCRT module composed of the transmembrane proteoglycan syndecan-4, ALIX and syntenin, a protein that bridges ESCRT-III/ALIX to syndecans. The three proteins are highly recruited first at the midbody then at the abscission site, and their depletion delays abscission. Mechanistically, direct interactions between ALIX, syntenin and syndecan-4 are essential for proper enrichment of the ESCRT-III machinery at the abscission site, but not at the midbody. We propose that the ESCRT-III machinery must be physically coupled to a membrane protein at the cytokinetic abscission site for efficient scission, uncovering common requirements in cytokinesis, exosome formation and HIV budding.
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11
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Watanabe SM, Strickland M, Tjandra N, Carter CA. RNA Binding Suppresses Tsg101 Recognition of Ub-Modified Gag and Facilitates Recruitment to the Plasma Membrane. Viruses 2020; 12:v12040447. [PMID: 32326417 PMCID: PMC7232412 DOI: 10.3390/v12040447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The ESCRT-I factor Tsg101 is essential for sorting endocytic cargo and is exploited by viral pathogens to facilitate egress from cells. Both the nucleocapsid (NC) domain and p6 domain in HIV-1 Gag contribute to recruitment of the protein. However, the role of NC is unclear when the P(S/T)AP motif in p6 is intact, as the motif recruits Tsg101 directly. The zinc fingers in NC bind RNA and membrane and are critical for budding. Tsg101 can substitute for the distal ZnF (ZnF2) and rescue budding of a mutant made defective by deletion of this element. Here, we report that the ubiquitin (Ub) E2 variant (UEV) domain in Tsg101 binds tRNA in vitro. We confirmed that Tsg101 can substitute for ZnF2 when provided at the viral assembly site as a chimeric Gag-Tsg101 protein (Gag-ΔZnF2-Tsg101) and rescue budding. The UEV was not required in this context; however, mutation of the RNA binding determinants in UEV prevented Tsg101 recruitment from the cell interior when Gag and Tsg101 were co-expressed. The same Tsg101 mutations increased recognition of Gag-Ub, suggesting that tRNA and Ub compete for binding sites. This study identifies a novel Tsg101 binding partner that may contribute to its function in recognition of Ub-modified cargo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan M. Watanabe
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5222, USA;
| | - Madeleine Strickland
- Biochemistry and Biophysics Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
| | - Nico Tjandra
- Biochemistry and Biophysics Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
- Correspondence: (N.T.); (C.A.C.); Tel.: +1-631-632-8801 (C.A.C.)
| | - Carol A. Carter
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5222, USA;
- Correspondence: (N.T.); (C.A.C.); Tel.: +1-631-632-8801 (C.A.C.)
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12
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Meng B, Ip NCY, Abbink TEM, Kenyon JC, Lever AML. ESCRT-II functions by linking to ESCRT-I in human immunodeficiency virus-1 budding. Cell Microbiol 2020; 22:e13161. [PMID: 31922351 PMCID: PMC7187348 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.13161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) uses the ESCRT (endosomal sorting complexes required for transport) protein pathway to bud from infected cells. Despite the roles of ESCRT-I and -III in HIV budding being firmly established, participation of ESCRT-II in this process has been controversial. EAP45 is a critical component of ESCRT-II. Previously, we utilised a CRISPR-Cas9 EAP45 knockout cell line to assess the involvement of ESCRT-II in HIV replication. We demonstrated that the absence of ESCRT-II impairs HIV budding. Here, we show that virus spread is also defective in physiologically relevant CRISPR/Cas9 EAP45 knockout T cells. We further show reappearance of efficient budding by re-introduction of EAP45 expression into EAP45 knockout cells. Using expression of selected mutants of EAP45, we dissect the domain requirement responsible for this function. Our data show at the steady state that rescue of budding is only observed in the context of a Gag/Pol, but not a Gag expressor, indicating that the size of cargo determines the usage of ESCRT-II. EAP45 acts through the YPXL-ALIX pathway as partial rescue is achieved in a PTAP but not a YPXL mutant virus. Our study clarifies the role of ESCRT-II in the late stages of HIV replication and reinforces the notion that ESCRT-II plays an integral part during this process as it does in sorting ubiquitinated cargos and in cytokinesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Meng
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Natasha C Y Ip
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Truus E M Abbink
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Julia C Kenyon
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Homerton College, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andrew M L Lever
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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13
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Mouhand A, Belfetmi A, Catala M, Larue V, Zargarian L, Brachet F, Gorelick RJ, Van Heijenoort C, Mirambeau G, Barraud P, Mauffret O, Tisné C. Modulation of the HIV nucleocapsid dynamics finely tunes its RNA-binding properties during virion genesis. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 46:9699-9710. [PMID: 29986076 PMCID: PMC6182130 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gky612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
During HIV-1 assembly and budding, Gag protein, in particular the C-terminal domain containing the nucleocapsid domain (NCd), p1 and p6, is the site of numerous interactions with viral and cellular factors. Most in vitro studies of Gag have used constructs lacking p1 and p6. Here, using NMR spectroscopy, we show that the p1-p6 region of Gag (NCp15) is largely disordered, but interacts transiently with the NCd. These interactions modify the dynamic properties of the NCd. Indeed, using isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), we have measured a higher entropic penalty to RNA-binding for the NCd precursor, NCp15, than for the mature form, NCp7, which lacks p1 and p6. We propose that during assembly and budding of virions, concomitant with Gag oligomerization, transient interactions between NCd and p1-p6 become salient and responsible for (i) a higher level of structuration of p6, which favours recruitment of budding partners; and (ii) a higher entropic penalty to RNA-binding at specific sites that favours non-specific binding of NCd at multiple sites on the genomic RNA (gRNA). The contributions of p6 and p1 are sequentially removed via proteolysis during Gag maturation such that the RNA-binding specificity of the mature protein is governed by the properties of NCd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assia Mouhand
- Laboratoire de Cristallographie et RMN biologiques, CNRS, Université Paris Descartes, USPC, 4 avenue de l'Observatoire, 75006 Paris, France.,Laboratoire d'Expression génétique microbienne, IBPC, CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, USPC, 13 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Anissa Belfetmi
- LBPA, CNRS UMR 8113, ENS Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, 61 Avenue du Pdt Wilson, F-94235 Cachan, France
| | - Marjorie Catala
- Laboratoire de Cristallographie et RMN biologiques, CNRS, Université Paris Descartes, USPC, 4 avenue de l'Observatoire, 75006 Paris, France.,Laboratoire d'Expression génétique microbienne, IBPC, CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, USPC, 13 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Valéry Larue
- Laboratoire de Cristallographie et RMN biologiques, CNRS, Université Paris Descartes, USPC, 4 avenue de l'Observatoire, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Loussiné Zargarian
- LBPA, CNRS UMR 8113, ENS Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, 61 Avenue du Pdt Wilson, F-94235 Cachan, France
| | - Franck Brachet
- Laboratoire de Cristallographie et RMN biologiques, CNRS, Université Paris Descartes, USPC, 4 avenue de l'Observatoire, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Robert J Gorelick
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, MD 21702-1201, USA
| | - Carine Van Heijenoort
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR2301, Univ. Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Gilles Mirambeau
- Infectious disease & AIDS Research unit, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Sorbonne Université, Faculté des Sciences et Ingénierie, UFR 927 des Sciences de la Vie, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Barraud
- Laboratoire de Cristallographie et RMN biologiques, CNRS, Université Paris Descartes, USPC, 4 avenue de l'Observatoire, 75006 Paris, France.,Laboratoire d'Expression génétique microbienne, IBPC, CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, USPC, 13 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Olivier Mauffret
- LBPA, CNRS UMR 8113, ENS Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, 61 Avenue du Pdt Wilson, F-94235 Cachan, France
| | - Carine Tisné
- Laboratoire de Cristallographie et RMN biologiques, CNRS, Université Paris Descartes, USPC, 4 avenue de l'Observatoire, 75006 Paris, France.,Laboratoire d'Expression génétique microbienne, IBPC, CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, USPC, 13 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France
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14
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Das SK, Sarkar D, Emdad L, Fisher PB. MDA-9/Syntenin: An emerging global molecular target regulating cancer invasion and metastasis. Adv Cancer Res 2019; 144:137-191. [PMID: 31349898 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2019.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
With few exceptions, metastasis is the terminal stage of cancer with limited therapeutic options. Metastasis consists of numerous phenotypic and genotypic alterations of cells that are directly and indirectly induced by multiple intrinsic (cellular) and extrinsic (micro-environmental) factors. To metastasize, a cancer cell often transitions from an epithelial to mesenchymal morphology (EMT), modifies the extracellular matrix, forms emboli and survives in the circulation, escapes immune surveillance, adheres to sites distant from the initial tumor and finally develops a blood supply (angiogenesis) and colonizes in a secondary niche (a micrometastasis). Scientific advances have greatly enhanced our understanding of the precise molecular and genetic changes, operating independently or collectively, that lead to metastasis. This review focuses on a unique gene, melanoma differentiation associated gene-9 (also known as Syntenin-1; Syndecan Binding Protein (sdcbp); mda-9/syntenin), initially cloned and characterized from metastatic human melanoma and shown to be a pro-metastatic gene. In the last two decades, our comprehension of the diversity of actions of MDA-9/Syntenin on cellular phenotype has emerged. MDA-9/Sytenin plays pivotal regulatory roles in multiple signaling cascades and orchestrates both metastatic and non-metastatic events. Considering the relevance of this gene in controlling cancer invasion and metastasis, approaches have been developed to uniquely and selectively target this gene. We also provide recent updates on strategies that have been successfully employed in targeting MDA-9/Syntenin resulting in profound pre-clinical anti-cancer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swadesh K Das
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States.
| | - Devanand Sarkar
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Luni Emdad
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Paul B Fisher
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States.
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15
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Specificities of secretion and uptake of exosomes and other extracellular vesicles for cell-to-cell communication. Nat Cell Biol 2019; 21:9-17. [PMID: 30602770 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-018-0250-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2278] [Impact Index Per Article: 455.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The ability of exosomes to transfer cargo from donor to acceptor cells, thereby triggering phenotypic changes in the latter, has generated substantial interest in the scientific community. However, the extent to which exosomes differ from other extracellular vesicles in terms of their biogenesis and functions remains ill-defined. Here, we discuss the current knowledge on the specificities of exosomes and other types of extracellular vesicles, and their roles as important agents of cell-to-cell communication.
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16
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Mathieu M, Martin-Jaular L, Lavieu G, Théry C. Specificities of secretion and uptake of exosomes and other extracellular vesicles for cell-to-cell communication. Nat Cell Biol 2019. [PMID: 30602770 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-018-0250-259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
Abstract
The ability of exosomes to transfer cargo from donor to acceptor cells, thereby triggering phenotypic changes in the latter, has generated substantial interest in the scientific community. However, the extent to which exosomes differ from other extracellular vesicles in terms of their biogenesis and functions remains ill-defined. Here, we discuss the current knowledge on the specificities of exosomes and other types of extracellular vesicles, and their roles as important agents of cell-to-cell communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Mathieu
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U932, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | | | - Grégory Lavieu
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U932, Paris, France
| | - Clotilde Théry
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U932, Paris, France.
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17
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Hurley JH, Cada AK. Inside job: how the ESCRTs release HIV-1 from infected cells. Biochem Soc Trans 2018; 46:1029-1036. [PMID: 30154094 PMCID: PMC6277019 DOI: 10.1042/bst20180019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) hijacks the host endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) proteins in order to release infectious viral particles from the cell. ESCRT recruitment is virtually essential for the production of infectious virus, despite that the main structural protein of HIV-1, Gag, is capable of self-assembling and eventually budding from membranes on its own. Recent data have reinforced the paradigm of ESCRT-dependent particle release while clarifying why this rapid release is so critical. The ESCRTs were originally discovered as integral players in endosome maturation and are now implicated in many important cellular processes beyond viral and endosomal budding. Nearly all of these roles have in common that membrane scission occurs from the inward face of the membrane neck, which we refer to as 'reverse topology' scission. A satisfactory mechanistic description of reverse-topology membrane scission by ESCRTs remains a major challenge both in general and in the context of HIV-1 release. New observations concerning the fundamental scission mechanism for ESCRTs in general, and the process of HIV-1 release specifically, have generated new insights in both directions, bringing us closer to a mechanistic understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- James H Hurley
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, U.S.A.
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, U.S.A
| | - A King Cada
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, U.S.A
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18
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Sancineto L, Iraci N, Tabarrini O, Santi C. NCp7: targeting a multitasking protein for next-generation anti-HIV drug development part 1: covalent inhibitors. Drug Discov Today 2017; 23:260-271. [PMID: 29107765 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2017.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The major internal component of the HIV virion core is the nucleocapsid protein 7 (NCp7), a small, highly basic protein that is essential for multiple stages of the viral replicative cycle, and whose structure is preserved in all viral strains, including clinical isolates from therapy-experienced patients. This key protein is recognised as a potential target for an effective next-generation antiretroviral therapy, because it could offer the possibility to develop broad-spectrum agents that are less prone to select for resistant strains. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of the covalent NCp7 inhibitors that have emerged over the past 25 years of drug discovery campaigns, emphasising, where possible, their structure-activity relationships (SARs) and pharmacophoric features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Sancineto
- Department of Heterorganic Chemistry, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Nunzio Iraci
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Oriana Tabarrini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Claudio Santi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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19
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Analysis of the functional compatibility of SIV capsid sequences in the context of the FIV gag precursor. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0177297. [PMID: 28475623 PMCID: PMC5419655 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The formation of immature lentiviral particles is dependent on the multimerization of the Gag polyprotein at the plasma membrane of the infected cells. One key player in the virus assembly process is the capsid (CA) domain of Gag, which establishes the protein-protein interactions that give rise to the hexagonal lattice of Gag molecules in the immature virion. To gain a better understanding of the functional equivalence between the CA proteins of simian and feline immunodeficiency viruses (SIV and FIV, respectively), we generated a series of chimeric FIV Gag proteins in which the CA-coding region was partially or totally replaced by its SIV counterpart. All the FIV Gag chimeras were found to be assembly-defective; however, all of them are able to interact with wild-type SIV Gag and be recruited into extracellular virus-like particles, regardless of the SIV CA sequences present in the chimeric FIV Gag. The results presented here markedly contrast with our previous findings showing that chimeric SIVs carrying FIV CA-derived sequences are assembly-competent. Overall, our data support the notion that although the SIV and FIV CA proteins share 51% amino acid sequence similarity and exhibit a similar organization, i.e., an N-terminal domain joined by a flexible linker to a C-terminal domain, their functional exchange between these different lentiviruses is strictly dependent on the context of the recipient Gag precursor.
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20
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Hellmund C, Lever AML. Coordination of Genomic RNA Packaging with Viral Assembly in HIV-1. Viruses 2016; 8:E192. [PMID: 27428992 PMCID: PMC4974527 DOI: 10.3390/v8070192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The tremendous progress made in unraveling the complexities of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) replication has resulted in a library of drugs to target key aspects of the replication cycle of the virus. Yet, despite this accumulated wealth of knowledge, we still have much to learn about certain viral processes. One of these is virus assembly, where the viral genome and proteins come together to form infectious progeny. Here we review this topic from the perspective of how the route to production of an infectious virion is orchestrated by the viral genome, and we compare and contrast aspects of the assembly mechanisms employed by HIV-1 with those of other RNA viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Hellmund
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.
| | - Andrew M L Lever
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.
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