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Martin DE, Muselet D, Kanso H, Alnajjar P, Mexler J, Le Roux Y, Pak LT, Richard A, Charlier JB, Saaidi PL. Analysis of chlordecone and its transformation products in environmental waters by a new SPME-GC-MS method and comparison with LLE-GC-MS/MS and LLE-LC-MS/MS: A case study in the French West Indies. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 948:174610. [PMID: 38997033 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Among the numerous organochlorines (OCs) applied in the French West Indies (FWI), chlordecone (hydrated form C10Cl10O2H2; CLD) still causes major environmental pollution nowadays. A recent report revealed the unexpected presence in FWI environment of transformation products (TPs) of CLD not routinely monitored due to a lack of commercial standards. Here, we present a method for surface waters and groundwaters to analyze CLD, its main TPs (hydroCLDs, chlordecol (CLDOH), 10-monohydroCLDOH and polychloroindenes) and other OCs. We developed an SPME-GC-SIM/MS method with a PDMS-DVB fiber. Since CLDOH-d commonly used as internal standard (IS) proved unsuitable, we synthesized several IS candidates, and finally identified 10-monohydro-5-methyl-chlordecol as a satisfactory IS for CLDOH and 10-monohydroCLDOH avoiding the use of 13C-labelled analogue. LODs for CLD and its TPs varied from 0.3 to 10 ng/L, equal to or below LODs of the two laboratories, BRGM (the French geological survey) and LDA26 (one of the French Departmental Analytical Laboratories), requested in FWI pollution monitoring that used liquid-liquid extractions and advanced facilities (LLE-GC-MS/MS and LLE-LC-MS/MS methods, respectively). Then, we extended the multi-residue method to 30 OCs (CLD and its TPs, mirex, β-HCH, lindane, dieldrin, aldrin, HCB, hexachlorobutadiene, TCE, PCE) and applied it to 30 surface and ground waters from FWI. While CLD, 8- and 10-monohydroCLD, CLDOH, 10-monohydroCLDOH, dieldrin, and β-HCH were detected and quantified, pentachloroindene, another CLD TP, was sporadically found in trace levels. A comparison with BRGM and LDA26 confirmed the interest of the SPME method. Results suggested an underestimation of CLDOH and an overestimation of high CLD concentrations with one of the currently used routine protocol. In light of these findings, previous temporal monitoring of environmental waters in FWI were re-examined and revealed some atypical values, which may indeed be due to analytical bias. These discrepancies call for intensified efforts to reliably quantify CLD and its TPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Déborah E Martin
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
| | - Delphine Muselet
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
| | - Hussein Kanso
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
| | - Perla Alnajjar
- Laboratoire Animal et Agroécosystèmes (L2A), Université de Lorraine, INRAE, 54500 Nancy, France; Ecole doctorale en Sciences et Technologie, Université Libanaise, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Juliette Mexler
- BRGM, Univ. Montpellier, Montpellier, France; G-eau, INRAE, CIRAD, IRD, AgroParisTech, Institut Agro, BRGM, Montpellier, France
| | - Yves Le Roux
- Laboratoire Animal et Agroécosystèmes (L2A), Université de Lorraine, INRAE, 54500 Nancy, France; Université de Lorraine, ENSAIA, Chaire Industrielle Agrométha, 54505 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Lai Ting Pak
- CIRAD, UPR HortSys, F-97285 Le Lamentin, Martinique, France; HortSys, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier, France
| | - Antoine Richard
- INRAE, UR 1321 ASTRO, F-97170 Petit-Bourg, Guadeloupe, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Charlier
- BRGM, Univ. Montpellier, Montpellier, France; G-eau, INRAE, CIRAD, IRD, AgroParisTech, Institut Agro, BRGM, Montpellier, France.
| | - Pierre-Loïc Saaidi
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France.
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Aspromonte J, Lancioni C, Purcaro G. Solid-Phase Microextraction-Gas Chromatography Analytical Strategies for Pesticide Analysis. Methods Protoc 2022; 5:82. [PMID: 36287054 PMCID: PMC9609045 DOI: 10.3390/mps5050082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to their extensive use and the globalized commerce of agricultural goods, pesticides have become a global concern. Despite the undoubtful advantages of their use in agricultural practices, their misuse is a threat to the environment and human health. Their analysis in environmental samples and in food products continues to gain interest in the analytical chemistry community as they are challenging matrices, and legal concentration limits are particularly low (in the order of ppb). In particular, the use of solid-phase microextraction (SPME) has gained special attention in this field thanks to its potential to minimize the matrix effect, while enriching its concentration, allowing very low limits of detection, and without the need of a large amount of solvents or lengthy procedures. Moreover, its combination with gas chromatography (GC) can be easily automated, making it a very interesting approach for routine analysis. In this review, advances and analytical strategies for the use of SPME coupled with GC are discussed and compared for the analysis of pesticides in food and environmental samples, hopefully encouraging its further development and routine application in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Aspromonte
- Laboratorio de Investigación y Desarrollo de Métodos Analíticos, LIDMA, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas (Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CIC-PBA, CONICET), Calle 47 esq. 115, La Plata 1900, Argentina
| | - Carlina Lancioni
- Laboratorio de Investigación y Desarrollo de Métodos Analíticos, LIDMA, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas (Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CIC-PBA, CONICET), Calle 47 esq. 115, La Plata 1900, Argentina
| | - Giorgia Purcaro
- Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Passage des Déportés 2, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
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Sarkar S, Gill SS, Das Gupta G, Kumar Verma S. Water toxicants: a comprehension on their health concerns, detection, and remediation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:53934-53953. [PMID: 35624361 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20384-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Water is an essential moiety for the human use since a long time. Availability of good-quality water is very essential, as it is used in almost all the industrial, agricultural, and household activities. However, several factors such as increased urbanization and industrialization, extensive use of chemicals, natural weathering of rocks, and human ignorance led to incorporation of enormous toxicants into the water. The water toxicants are broadly classified as inorganic, organic, and radiological toxicants. Inorganic toxicants include heavy metals (As, Cr, Cd, Hg, Ni, Pb) and metalloids, ammonia, nitrate, and fluoride. Uranium is included in radiological toxicants which also causes chemical toxicity. Organic pollutants include polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls, phenolic compounds, phthalate esters, pesticides, pharmaceutical and personal care products, perchlorates, and flame retardants. These toxicants are harmful for the ecosystem as well as for the human beings causing different types of health complications like lung cancer, nasal cancer, gingivitis, severe vomiting and abdominal pain, hormonal imbalance, skeletal damage, neurotoxicity like Alzheimer and Parkinson disease, renal toxicity, nephrotoxicity, etc. The USEPA and WHO specified the permissible concentration of these pollutants in the drinking water. Determination techniques having high sensitivity, low cost, rapid onsite, and real-time detection of traces of water pollutants are discussed. This review also covers in depth about the remediation techniques, for the control of water toxicants, such as chelation of the heavy metals, intoxication of pollutants using various plants, adsorption of toxicants using different sorbent medias, and photocatalytic breakdown of persistent organic pollutants (POPs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Saptarshy Sarkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, 142 001, Punjab, India
| | - Sukhbir Singh Gill
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, 142 001, Punjab, India
| | - Ghanshyam Das Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, 142 001, Punjab, India
- Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, 142 001, Punjab, India
| | - Sant Kumar Verma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, 142 001, Punjab, India.
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Luo X, Wang X, Du M, Xu X. Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction Followed by HS-SPME for the Determination of Flavor Enhancers in Seafood Using GC-MS. Foods 2022; 11:foods11101507. [PMID: 35627077 PMCID: PMC9140692 DOI: 10.3390/foods11101507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The determination of flavor compounds using headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) can be severely interfered with by complex food matrices in food systems, especially solid samples. In this study, dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) was applied prior to HS-SPME to efficiently reduce the matrix effect in solid seafood samples. The method had high sensitivity (the quantification limits of maltol and ethyl maltol were 15 and 5 μg/kg, respectively), an excellent linear relationship (R2 ≥ 0.996), and the sample recovery rate was 89.0–118.6%. The relative standard deviation (RSD %) values for maltol and ethyl maltol were lower than 10%. Maltol (from 0.7 to 2.2 μg/g) and ethyl maltol (from 0.9 to 34.7 μg/g) in seafood were detected in the selected samples by the developed method. Finally, DLLME coupled with HS-SPME effectively removed the influence of sample matrix and improved the sensitivity of the method. The developed method was applicable in the analysis of flavor enhancers in complex matrix foods.
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Jové P, Pareras A, De Nadal R, Verdum M. Development and optimization of a quantitative analysis of main odorants causing off flavours in cork stoppers using headspace solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2021; 56:e4728. [PMID: 33887808 DOI: 10.1002/jms.4728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A simple and sensitive method was developed and validated to simultaneously separate and determine the 2-Methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyrazine, 2-Isopropyl-3-methoxypyrazine, guaiacol, 2-Isobutyl-3-methoxypyrazine, 2-Methylisoborneol, geosmin, 2,4,6-Trichloroanisole, 2,3,4,6-Tetrachloroanisole, 2,4,6-Tribromoanisole and Pentachloroanisole in cork stoppers via headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) coupled with gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). The influence of the fibre coating used, the extraction times and temperatures, the sodium chloride additions and the desorption temperatures were investigated. Once done, the optimial HS-SPME conditions established were divinylbenzene/carboxenpolydimethylsiloxane/polydimethylsiloxane (DVB/CAR/PDMS) fibres, a 50°C extraction temperature, 60-min extraction time, an ionic strength of 3-g sodium chlorid and a 290°C desorption temperature. The method showed a good linearity (R2 ≥ 0.994) within the tested range (from 0.1 to 50 ng L-1 ) for all the compounds. Using TCA-d10 and MIB-d3 as internal standards the precision, expressed as repeatability and reproducibility RSD, was <10% in both. Note that the limits of quantifications (LOQs) are below the sensory threshold levels for such compounds in water and wine. Good recoveries were obtained for cork macerates (from 100.4% to 126%) and when compared with other reported methods using HS-SPME in water and cork stopper samples, the present method had more analytes with the lowest limit of detection for most of the targeted compounds, along with good precision and recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Jové
- Catalan Cork Institute and Foundation, Institut Català del Suro (ICSuro), Girona, Spain
| | - Anna Pareras
- Institute of Food and Agricultural Technology-CIDSAV-XaRTA, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | | | - Maria Verdum
- Catalan Cork Institute and Foundation, Institut Català del Suro (ICSuro), Girona, Spain
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Multi-residue Methodologies for the Analysis of Non-polar Pesticides in Water and Sediment Matrices by GC–MS/MS. Chromatographia 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-021-04026-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Tışlı B, Chormey DS, Ayyıldız MF, Bakırdere S. Experimental Design of Vortex Assisted Switchable Solvent Homogeneous Liquid-Liquid Microextraction for Simultaneous Determination of Four Pesticides in Wastewater. J AOAC Int 2020; 103:1250-1255. [PMID: 33241397 DOI: 10.1093/jaoacint/qsaa047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pesticides are chemicals used mainly to protect plant crops in order to increase their production efficiency and quality. OBJECTIVE Switchable-solvent homogeneous liquid-liquid microextraction was optimized using a Box-Behnken experimental design and validated on a gas chromatography mass spectrometry system for the determination of analytes. METHOD The significance of independent variables (switchable solvent volume, sodium hydroxide volume, and vortex period) and their interactions were evaluated by analysis of variance at 95% confidence limits (α = 0.05). RESULTS The LOD and LOQ ranges of the analytes were found to be 0.42-1.90 µg/L and 1.36-6.33 µg/L, respectively. Percentage recovery results were found to be in the range of 87-113% in spiking experiments. CONCLUSIONS A simple, efficient, and accurate analytical method was developed for the simultaneous determination of the selected pesticides. Highlights: Matrix matching was used to enhance quantification accuracy for real samples. HIGHLIGHTS Matrix matching was used to enhance quantification accuracy for real samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Büşra Tışlı
- Yıldız Technical University, Faculty of Art and Science, Department of Chemistry, İstanbul, 34220, Turkey
| | - Dotse Selali Chormey
- Yıldız Technical University, Faculty of Art and Science, Department of Chemistry, İstanbul, 34220, Turkey
| | - Merve Fırat Ayyıldız
- Yıldız Technical University, Faculty of Art and Science, Department of Chemistry, İstanbul, 34220, Turkey
| | - Sezgin Bakırdere
- Yıldız Technical University, Faculty of Art and Science, Department of Chemistry, İstanbul, 34220, Turkey
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Saleh SM, Alminderej FM, Ali R, Abdallah OI. Optical sensor film for metribuzin pesticide detection. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 229:117971. [PMID: 31954291 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.117971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We present a new ratiometric and colorimetric optical sensor film for detection one of the most prevalent pesticide metribuzin. The detection proceeds within the low concentration range between 0 and 1.5 μM. The optical film is based on (a) near infrared (NIR) dye 2-[2-[2-Chloro-3-[2-[1,3-dihydro-3,3-dimethyl-1-(4-sulfobutyl)-2H-indol-2-ylidene]-ethylidene]-1-cyclopen-ten-1-yl]-eth-enyl]-3,3-di-methyl-1-(4-sulfobutyl)-3H-indolium hydroxide and (b) upconverting nanoparticles UCNPs of the NaYF4:Yb,Er type (diameter ~40-100 nm) that can be emitted a dual (green and red) emission under 980 nm laser diode excitation. Commercially available polyvinyl chloride (PVC) was utilized as a homogeneous matrix for immobilizing NIR dye and UCNPs. The color of the NIR dye in the PVC matrix is based on the concentration of the metribuzin. When the sensor film is exposed to metribuzin the color changes from green to blue with a significant blue shift in the absorption peak (656 nm) of the NIR dye. Furthermore, the quenching of the red emission (659 nm) of the UCNPs is proceeded due to an inner filter effect. Thus, increasing the metribuzin concentration causes the red emission of UCNPs to be reduced. Conversely, the green emission (545 nm) of the UCNPs persists uninfluenced by metribuzin and can act as a reference signal. This optical sensor film provides great sensitivity based on their unique luminescence properties of UCNPs and recognition abilities within a very low detection limit for the metribuzin LOD 6.8 × 10-8 M with a linear range of 0.23 to 1.5 μM and a relative standard deviation RSDr (1%, n = 3). The novel optical sensor was applied to the detection of metribuzin in real water samples (surface and ground waters). The sensor film exhibits great selectivity in presence of different types of ions and pesticide molecules. But, atrazine pesticide interferes the analytical signal of the sensor film due to the presence of reactive amino groups in its structure. Memorably, we report the first optical chemical sensor film based on polymer film for metribuzin detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayed M Saleh
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia; Chemistry Branch, Department of Science and Mathematics, Faculty of Petroleum and Mining Engineering, Suez University, 43721 Suez, Egypt.
| | - Fahad M Alminderej
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reham Ali
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia; Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Suez University, 43518 Suez, Egypt
| | - Osama I Abdallah
- Pesticide Residues and Environmental Pollution Department, Central Agricultural Pesticide Laboratory, Agriculture Research Center, Dokki, Giza 12618, Egypt
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Marsin FM, Wan Ibrahim WA, Nodeh HR, Sanagi MM. New magnetic oil palm fiber activated carbon-reinforced polypyrrole solid phase extraction combined with gas chromatography-electron capture detection for determination of organochlorine pesticides in water samples. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1612:460638. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.460638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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10
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He Y, Xiao S, Dong T, Nie P. Gold Nanoparticles with Different Particle Sizes for the Quantitative Determination of Chlorpyrifos Residues in Soil by SERS. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E2817. [PMID: 31185580 PMCID: PMC6600568 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20112817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Revised: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlorpyrifos (CPF) is widely used in the prevention and control of crop pests and diseases in agriculture. However, the irrational utilization of pesticides not only causes environmental pollution but also threatens human health. Compared with the conventional techniques for the determination of pesticides in soil, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has shown great potential in ultrasensitive and chemical analysis. Therefore, this paper reported a simple method for synthesizing gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with different sizes used as a SERS substrate for the determination of CPF residues in soil for the first time. The results showed that there was a good linear correlation between the SERS characteristic peak intensity of CPF and particle size of the AuNPs with an R2 of 0.9973. Moreover, the prepared AuNPs performed great ultrasensitivity, reproducibility and chemical stability, and the limit of detection (LOD) of the CPF was found to be as low as 10 μg/L. Furthermore, the concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 10 mg/L were easily observed by SERS with the prepared AuNPs and the SERS intensity showed a good linear relationship with an R2 of 0.985. The determination coefficient (Rp2) reached 0.977 for CPF prediction using the partial least squares regression (PLSR) model and the LOD of CPF residues in soil was found to be as low as 0.025 mg/kg. The relative standard deviation (RSD) was less than 3.69% and the recovery ranged from 97.5 to 103.3%. In summary, this simple method for AuNPs fabrication with ultrasensitivity and reproducibility confirms that the SERS is highly promising for the determination of soil pesticide residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong He
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
- Key Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou 310058, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Shupei Xiao
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
- Key Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Tao Dong
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
- Key Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Pengcheng Nie
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
- Key Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou 310058, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Gold Nanoparticles for Qualitative Detection of Deltamethrin and Carbofuran Residues in Soil by Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS). Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20071731. [PMID: 30965576 PMCID: PMC6479568 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20071731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The residues of deltamethrin (DM) and carbofuran (CBF) in soil is becoming an intractable problem causing soil hardening and environmental pollution. This paper reports a very simple method via improved reduction of chloroauric acid by the trisodium citrate method for fabricating gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), which were used as a surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) active colloids with the advantages of ultrasensitivity, reproducibility and chemical stability. The results demonstrated that the limits of detection (LODs) of the DM and CBF were found to be as low as 0.01 mg/L. The SERS intensity showed a good linear relationship with DM (R² = 0.9908) and CBF (R² = 0.9801) concentration from 0.01 to 10 mg/L. In a practical application, DM and CBF residues in soil were easily detected by SERS with the flexible AuNPs colloids, and the LODs of DM and CBF were found to be as low as 0.056 mg/kg and 0.053 mg/kg, respectively. Moreover, DM in soil could be qualitatively detected by the characteristic peaks at 560 and 1000 cm-1, and CBF in soil could be qualitatively detected by the characteristic peaks at 1000 and 1299 cm-1. The determination coefficient (R²p) for DM and CBF reached 0.9176 and 0.8517 in partial least squares (PLS) model. Overall, it is believed that the prepared AuNPs can provide technical support for the accurate detection of pesticide residues in soil by SERS technique.
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Suárez R, Clavijo S, González A, Cerdà V. Determination of herbicides in environmental water samples by simultaneous in-syringe magnetic stirring-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction and silylation followed by GC-MS. J Sep Sci 2018; 41:1096-1103. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201700875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Suárez
- Group of Analytical Chemistry; Automation and Environment; University of the Balearic Islands; Palma de Mallorca Spain
| | - Sabrina Clavijo
- Sciware Systems; S.L.; spin-off of the University of the Balearic Islands; Bunyola Spain
| | - Alba González
- Sciware Systems; S.L.; spin-off of the University of the Balearic Islands; Bunyola Spain
| | - Víctor Cerdà
- Group of Analytical Chemistry; Automation and Environment; University of the Balearic Islands; Palma de Mallorca Spain
- Sciware Systems; S.L.; spin-off of the University of the Balearic Islands; Bunyola Spain
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Jurowski K, Kochan K, Walczak J, Barańska M, Piekoszewski W, Buszewski B. Analytical Techniques in Lipidomics: State of the Art. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2017; 47:418-437. [PMID: 28340309 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2017.1310613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Current studies related to lipid identification and determination, or lipidomics in biological samples, are one of the most important issues in modern bioanalytical chemistry. There are many articles dedicated to specific analytical strategies used in lipidomics in various kinds of biological samples. However, in such literature, there is a lack of articles dedicated to a comprehensive review of the actual analytical methodologies used in lipidomics. The aim of this article is to characterize the lipidomics methods used in modern bioanalysis according to the methodological point of view: (1) chromatography/separation methods, (2) spectroscopic methods and (3) mass spectrometry and also hyphenated methods. In the first part, we discussed thin layer chromatography (TLC), high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), gas chromatography (GC) and capillary electrophoresis (CE). The second part includes spectroscopic techniques such as Raman spectroscopy (RS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The third part is a synthetic review of mass spectrometry, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI), hyphenated methods, which include liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and also multidimensional techniques. Other aspects are the possibilities of the application of the described methods in lipidomics studies. Due to the fact that the exploration of new methods of lipidomics analysis and their applications in clinical and medical studies are still challenging for researchers working in life science, we hope that this review article will be very useful for readers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Jurowski
- a Kraków Higher School of Health Promotion , Krakow , Poland
| | - Kamila Kochan
- b Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET) , Jagiellonian University in Cracow , Cracow , Poland.,c Centre for Biospectroscopy and School of Chemistry , Monash University , Clayton , Victoria , Australia
| | - Justyna Walczak
- d Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics , Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University , Torun , Poland
| | - Małgorzata Barańska
- b Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET) , Jagiellonian University in Cracow , Cracow , Poland.,e Department of Chemical Physics, Faculty of Chemistry , Jagiellonian University in Cracow , Cracow , Poland
| | - Wojciech Piekoszewski
- f Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry , Jagiellonian University in Cracow , Cracow , Poland.,g School of Biomedicine , Far Eastern Federal University , Vladivostok , Russia
| | - Bogusław Buszewski
- d Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics , Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University , Torun , Poland
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14
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Alkanol-based supramolecular solvent microextraction of organophosphorus pesticides and their determination using high-performance liquid chromatography. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-017-1049-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
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15
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Della Rossa P, Jannoyer M, Mottes C, Plet J, Bazizi A, Arnaud L, Jestin A, Woignier T, Gaude JM, Cattan P. Linking current river pollution to historical pesticide use: Insights for territorial management? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 574:1232-1242. [PMID: 27697339 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.07.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 07/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Persistent organic pollutants like organochlorine pesticides continue to contaminate large areas worldwide raising questions concerning their management. We designed and tested a method to link soil and water pollution in the watershed of the Galion River in Martinique. We first estimated the risk of soil contamination by chlordecone by referring to past use of land for banana cultivation and took 27 soil samples. We then sampled surface waters at 39 points and groundwater at 16 points. We tested three hypotheses linked to the source of chlordecone pollution at the watershed scale: (i) soils close to the river, (ii) soils close to the sampling point, (iii) throughout the sub-watershed generated at the sampling point. Graphical and statistical analysis showed that contamination of the river increased when it passed through an area with contaminated plots and decreased when it passed through area not contaminated by chlordecone. Modeling showed that the entire surface area of the watershed contributed to river pollution, suggesting that the river was mainly being contaminated by the aquifers and groundwater flows. Our method proved to be a reliable way to identify areas polluted by chlordecone at the watershed scale and should help stakeholders focus their management actions on both hot spots and the whole watershed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Charles Mottes
- Cirad, UPR HortSys, F-97285 Le Lamentin, Martinique, France.
| | - Joanne Plet
- Cirad, UPR HortSys, F-97285 Le Lamentin, Martinique, France.
| | | | - Luc Arnaud
- BRGM Martinique, F-97200 Fort-de-France, Martinique, France.
| | | | - Thierry Woignier
- CNRS, UMR 7263 IMBE, F-97285 Le Lamentin, Martinique, France; IRD, UMR 237 IMBE, F-97285 Le Lamentin, Martinique, France; Aix Marseille Univ, Univ Avignon, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, F-13331 Marseille, France.
| | | | - Philippe Cattan
- Cirad, UPR GECO, F-97130 Capesterre-Belle-Eau, Guadeloupe, France.
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16
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Piri-Moghadam H, Ahmadi F, Pawliszyn J. A critical review of solid phase microextraction for analysis of water samples. Trends Analyt Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2016.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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17
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Zou N, Gu K, Liu S, Hou Y, Zhang J, Xu X, Li X, Pan C. Rapid analysis of pesticide residues in drinking water samples by dispersive solid-phase extraction based on multiwalled carbon nanotubes and pulse glow discharge ion source ion mobility spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2016; 39:1202-12. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201501258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2015] [Revised: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zou
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science; China Agricultural University; Beijing China
| | - Kejia Gu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science; China Agricultural University; Beijing China
| | - Shaowen Liu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science; China Agricultural University; Beijing China
- Hunan Plant Protection Institute; Changsha Hunan China
| | - Yanbing Hou
- Wuhan Syscan Technology Co. Ltd; Wuhan China
| | | | - Xiang Xu
- Wuhan Syscan Technology Co. Ltd; Wuhan China
| | - Xuesheng Li
- Institute of Pesticide & Environmental Toxicology; Guangxi University; Nanning China
| | - Canping Pan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science; China Agricultural University; Beijing China
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18
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Menezes HC, Paulo BP, Paiva MJN, Cardeal ZL. A Simple and Quick Method for the Determination of Pesticides in Environmental Water by HF-LPME-GC/MS. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2016; 2016:7058709. [PMID: 27774336 PMCID: PMC5059603 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7058709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes a simple and quick method for sampling and also for carrying out the preconcentration of pesticides in environmental water matrices using two-phased hollow fiber liquid phase microextraction (HF-LPME). Factors such as extraction mode, time, solvents, agitation, and salt addition were investigated in order to validate the LPME method. The following conditions were selected: 6 cm of polypropylene hollow fiber, ethyl octanoate as an acceptor phase, and extraction during 30 min under stirring at 200 rpm. The optimized method showed good linearity in the range of 0.14 to 200.00 μg L-1; the determination coefficient (R2) was in the range of 0.9807-0.9990. The LOD ranged from 0.04 μg L-1 to 0.44 μg L-1, and LOQ ranged from 0.14 μg L-1 to 1.69 μg L-1. The recovery ranged from 85.17% to 114.73%. The method was applied to the analyses of pesticides in three environmental water samples (a spring and few streams) collected in a rural area from the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helvécio C. Menezes
- Departamento de Química, ICEx, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627-31270901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Breno P. Paulo
- Departamento de Química, ICEx, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627-31270901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Maria José N. Paiva
- Universidade Federal de São João Del Rei, Avenida Sebastião Gonçalves Coelho 400, Chanadour, 35501-296 Divinópolis, MG, Brazil
| | - Zenilda L. Cardeal
- Departamento de Química, ICEx, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627-31270901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
- *Zenilda L. Cardeal:
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19
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Chang C, Luo J, Chen M, Wu K, Dong T, He X, Zhou K, Wang L, Chen D, Zhou Z, Wang X, Xia Y. Determination of twenty organophosphorus pesticides in blood serum by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. ANALYTICAL METHODS 2016; 8:4487-4496. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ay00825a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
A method for the quantification of 20 OP pesticides in human blood serum simultaneously was developed.
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20
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Maddah B, Alidadi S, Hasanzadeh M. Extraction of organophosphorus pesticides by carbon-coated Fe3 O4 nanoparticles through response surface experimental design. J Sep Sci 2015; 39:256-63. [PMID: 26519201 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201500822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 09/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, carbon-coated Fe3 O4 nanoparticles were successfully synthesized and used as a magnetic solid-phase extraction absorbent for the preconcentration and extraction of organophosphorus pesticides in environmental water samples. The carbon-coated Fe3 O4 nanoparticles were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and vibrating sample magnetometry. The determination of organophosphorus pesticides in water samples with carbon-coated Fe3 O4 nanoparticles was investigated by high-performance liquid chromatography with a diode array detector. Furthermore, the response surface model based on the central composite design was applied to quantitatively investigate the effect of some important variables influencing the extraction efficiency, such as pH, treatment time, amount of nanoparticle sorbents, and amount of salt and to find the optimized conditions providing the highest extraction efficiency. Under optimized conditions, the calibration curve was linear in the range of 0.5-15.0 ng/mL with a regression coefficient of 0.9948, 0.9958, and 0.9931 for fenitrothion, diazinon, and ethion, respectively. The obtained results showed that this analytical method would be useful for the analysis of fenitrothion, diazinon, and ethion in tap water with high precision and accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sattar Alidadi
- Department of Chemistry, Imam Hossein University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Hasanzadeh
- Department of Textile Engineering, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
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21
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Zhang Z, Lefebvre T, Kerr C, Osprey M. Simultaneous extraction and determination of various pesticides in environmental waters. J Sep Sci 2014; 37:3699-705. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201400855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Revised: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zulin Zhang
- The James Hutton Institute; Craigiebuckler Aberdeen UK
| | | | | | - Mark Osprey
- The James Hutton Institute; Craigiebuckler Aberdeen UK
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22
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Hercegová A, Mőder M. Determination of some selected pesticide residues in apple juice by solid-phase microextraction coupled to gas chromatography - mass spectrometry. ACTA UNIVERSITATIS AGRICULTURAE ET SILVICULTURAE MENDELIANAE BRUNENSIS 2014. [DOI: 10.11118/actaun201159010121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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23
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Kaur R, Rani S, Malik AK, Aulakh JS. Determination of endosulfan isomers and their metabolites in tap water and commercial samples using microextraction by packed sorbent and GC-MS. J Sep Sci 2014; 37:966-73. [PMID: 24532542 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201301154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Revised: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A simple, rapid, accurate and sensitive method using microextraction by packed sorbent (MEPS) followed by GC-MS has been pursued for the determination of organochlorine insecticide endosulfan isomers (α and β) and their metabolites (ether, lactone and sulfate). MEPS is a miniaturised version of SPE employing C18 packing material. It is very efficient technique as it employs as low as 10 μL of sample volume. The distinct feature of MEPS is the magnitude of the elution volume that could be directly injected to GC system. Various parameters such as extraction cycles, washing solvent, elution solvent, elution volume and pH, which influenced the MEPS performance, were tested and optimised. The calibration curves were obtained in the concentration range 1-500 ng/mL. The results showed a close correlation coefficient (R(2) > 0.991) for all analytes in the calibration range studied. The LOD and LOQ obtained for GC-MS under selected ion monitoring acquisition are between 0.0038-0.01 and 0.0125-0.033 ng/mL, respectively. The developed method is applicable for the quantification of these compounds in tap water and commercial samples. This method has been shown to be selective as no interferences from endogenous substances were detected by analysis. This method not only decreases sample preparation time but is cheaper, eco-friendly and easier to perform compared to traditional techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramandeep Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, Punjabi University, Patiala, India
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24
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Silva TFCV, Silva MEF, Cunha-Queda AC, Fonseca A, Saraiva I, Sousa MA, Gonçalves C, Alpendurada MF, Boaventura RAR, Vilar VJP. Multistage treatment system for raw leachate from sanitary landfill combining biological nitrification-denitrification/solar photo-Fenton/biological processes, at a scale close to industrial--biodegradability enhancement and evolution profile of trace pollutants. WATER RESEARCH 2013; 47:6167-6186. [PMID: 23954067 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2013.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2013] [Revised: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 07/23/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A multistage treatment system, at a scale close to the industrial, was designed for the treatment of a mature raw landfill leachate, including: a) an activated sludge biological oxidation (ASBO), under aerobic and anoxic conditions; b) a solar photo-Fenton process, enhancing the bio-treated leachate biodegradability, with and without sludge removal after acidification; and c) a final polishing step, with further ASBO. The raw leachate was characterized by a high concentration of humic substances (HS) (1211 mg CHS/L), representing 39% of the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) content, and a high nitrogen content, mainly in the form of ammonium nitrogen (>3.8 g NH4(+)-N/L). In the first biological oxidation step, a 95% removal of total nitrogen and a 39% mineralization in terms of DOC were achieved, remaining only the recalcitrant fraction, mainly attributed to HS (57% of DOC). Under aerobic conditions, the highest nitrification rate obtained was 8.2 mg NH4(+)-N/h/g of volatile suspended solids (VSS), and under anoxic conditions, the maximum denitrification rate obtained was 5.8 mg (NO2(-)-N + NO3(-)-N)/h/g VSS, with a C/N consumption ratio of 2.4 mg CH3OH/mg (NO2(-)-N + NO3(-)-N). The precipitation of humic acids (37% of HS) after acidification of the bio-treated leachate corresponds to a 96% DOC abatement. The amount of UV energy and H2O2 consumption during the photo-Fenton reaction was 30% higher in the experiment without sludge removal and, consequently, the reaction velocity was 30% lower. The phototreatment process led to the depletion of HS >80%, of low-molecular-weight carboxylate anions >70% and other organic micropollutants, thus resulting in a total biodegradability increase of >70%. The second biological oxidation allowed to obtain a final treated leachate in compliance with legal discharge limits regarding water bodies (with the exception of sulfate ions), considering the experiment without sludge. Finally, the high efficiency of the overall treatment process was further reinforced by the total removal percentages attained for the identified organic trace contaminants (>90%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tânia F C V Silva
- LSRE - Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering, Associate Laboratory LSRE/LCM, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
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25
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Pereira A, Silva E, Cerejeira MJ. Applicability of the new 60 μm polyethylene glycol solid-phase microextraction fiber assembly for the simultaneous analysis of six pesticides in water. J Chromatogr Sci 2013; 52:423-8. [PMID: 23696388 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmt053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
A solid-phase microextraction (SPME) method has been applied for the simultaneous analysis of six pesticides in water, with polar to moderately polar range, by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Two types of fiber coatings [60 µm polyethylene glycol (PEG) and 65 µm polydimethylsiloxane/divinylbenzene (PDMS/DVB)] and the effect of salt (addition of 10 and 25% of NaCl) were compared. The extraction efficiency was higher with PEG than with the PDMS/DVB fiber for all pesticides, with the exception of terbuthylazine and phosmet, and with addition of 25% NaCl. The optimized SPME-GC-MS method, adopting the PEG fiber and the addition of 25% NaCl, in addition to other conditions [60 min of direct dipping of the fiber into the water sample (10 mL) under agitation (250 rpm) at ambient temperature; desorption period of 5 min at 240°C] allowed the determination of all studied pesticides and showed good linearity for concentrations ranging from 0.05 to 5 µg/L. Limits of detection varied between 0.003 and 0.145 µg/L, with values below 0.025 µg/L for most of the analytes. Precision ranged from 4.2 to 12%. The proposed method is fast and simple, and was proven to be reliable for the routine analysis of pesticides in water, primarily for environmental monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Pereira
- Centro de Engenharia dos Biossistemas, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal
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26
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Prediction of Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Retention Times of Pesticide Residues by Chemometrics Methods. J CHEM-NY 2013. [DOI: 10.1155/2013/908586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A quantitative structure-retention relationships (QSRRs) method is employed to predict the retention time of 300 pesticide residues in animal tissues separated by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). Firstly, a six-parameter QSRR model was developed by means of multiple linear regression. The six molecular descriptors that were considered to account for the effect of molecular structure on the retention time are number of nitrogen, Solvation connectivity index-chi 1, BalabanYindex, Moran autocorrelation-lag 2/weighted by atomic Sanderson electronegativity, total absolute charge, and radial distribution function-6.0/unweighted. A 6-7-1 back propagation artificial neural network (ANN) was used to improve the accuracy of the constructed model. The standard error values of ANN model for training, test, and validation sets are 1.559, 1.517, and 1.249, respectively, which are less than those obtained reveals by multiple linear regressions model (2.402, 1.858, and 2.036, resp.). Results obtained the reliability and good predictability of nonlinear QSRR model to predict the retention time of pesticides.
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27
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Real B, Ortiz M, Sarabia L. Develop of a multiway chemometric-based analytical method fulfilling regulatory identification criteria: Application to GC–MS pesticide residue analysis. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2012; 910:122-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2012.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2011] [Revised: 05/04/2012] [Accepted: 05/07/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Edel AL, Aliani M, Pierce GN. Supported liquid extraction in the quantitation of plasma enterolignans using isotope dilution GC/MS with application to flaxseed consumption in healthy adults. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2012; 912:24-32. [PMID: 23290922 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2012.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2012] [Revised: 09/26/2012] [Accepted: 10/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Dietary interventions involving foods that are enriched in lignans, such as flaxseed, are drawing attention due to their beneficial protective effects in various diseases and human conditions. Accurate quantitation of key lignan metabolites such as enterodiol (END) and enterolactone (ENL) is necessary in order to identify factors that may influence overall bioavailability. Here we describe the validation of a novel supported liquid extraction (SLE) method for isolation of plasma enterolignans, END and ENL, using (2)H(6)-labeled isotopes with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in micro selected ion storage (GC/MS-μSIS) mode. Following enzymatic hydrolysis and SLE extraction with 70:30 diethyl ether:ethyl acetate, enterolignans were rapidly separated within 8min. SLE in combination with GC/MS-μSIS gave high recoveries of 96.4% and 96.0% for END and ENL. Intra-assay precision ranged from 2.5 to 5.9% for both compounds whereas the inter-assay precision was 2.6-6.9%. SLE was also directly compared to liquid liquid extraction (LLE). Both techniques offered high precision and accuracy, however, SLE consistently enabled successful analyte extractions and derivatizations, unlike LLE, which had an ∼4% failure rate. SLE was also tested in a study where dietary milled flaxseed supplementation (30g/day for 1month) and enterolignan bioavailability was examined in a healthy, human population (n=10). Plasma total enterolignan levels significantly increased (P=0.002) at 4weeks relative to baseline. Average concentrations for END and ENL were 209nM and 304nM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea L Edel
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Canadian Centre for Agri-food Research in Health and Medicine and Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada R2H 2A6
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29
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Li M, Liu X, Dong F, Xu J, Qin D, Zheng Y. Determination of cyflumetofen residue in water, soil, and fruits by modified quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe method coupled to gas chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2012; 35:2743-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201200349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2012] [Revised: 05/19/2012] [Accepted: 06/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Minmin Li
- Institute of Plant Protection; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Crops Ministry of Agriculture; Beijing P. R. China
- Graduated School of Northeast Agricultural University; Ha′erbin P. R. China
| | - Xingang Liu
- Institute of Plant Protection; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Crops Ministry of Agriculture; Beijing P. R. China
| | - Fengshou Dong
- Institute of Plant Protection; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Crops Ministry of Agriculture; Beijing P. R. China
| | - Jun Xu
- Institute of Plant Protection; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Crops Ministry of Agriculture; Beijing P. R. China
| | - Dongmei Qin
- Institute for the Control of Agrochemicals; Ministry of Agriculture; Beijing P. R. China
| | - Yongquan Zheng
- Institute of Plant Protection; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Crops Ministry of Agriculture; Beijing P. R. China
- Graduated School of Northeast Agricultural University; Ha′erbin P. R. China
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30
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Maddah B, Shamsi J. Extraction and preconcentration of trace amounts of diazinon and fenitrothion from environmental water by magnetite octadecylsilane nanoparticles. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1256:40-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.07.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2012] [Revised: 07/23/2012] [Accepted: 07/24/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Determination of organophosphorus pesticides using dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction combined with reversed electrode polarity stacking mode-micellar electrokinetic chromatography. Talanta 2012; 98:62-8. [PMID: 22939129 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2012.06.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2012] [Revised: 06/16/2012] [Accepted: 06/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A rapid and sensitive method using two preconcentration techniques, dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) followed by reversed electrode polarity stacking mode (REPSM) was developed for the analysis of five organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) by micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC). Parameters that affect the efficiency of the extraction in DLLME and preconcentration by REPSM, such as the kind and volume of the extraction and disperser solvents, salt addition, sample matrix and injection time were investigated and optimized. Under the optimum conditions, the enrichment factors were obtained in the range from 477 to 635. The linearity of the method for parathion, azinphos and fenitrithion was in the range of 20-1000 ng mL(-1), and for malathion and diazinon in the range of 50-1000 ng mL(-1), with correlation coefficients (r(2)) ranging from 0.9931 to 0.9992. The limits of detecton (LODs) at a signal-to-noice ratio of 3 ranged from 3 to 15 ng mL(-1). The relative recoveries of five OPPs from water samples at spiking levels of 20 and 200 ng mL(-1) for parathion, azinphos and fenitrithion, and 50 and 500 ng mL(-1) for malathion and diazinon, were 69.5-103%. The proposed method provided high enrichment factors, good precision and accuracy with a short analysis time.
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Yang L, Liu C, Yang L, You J. A Study of Preparation and Performance of a Dichlorvos Electrochemical Sensor Based on Molecularly Imprinted Technique. ANAL LETT 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2012.670797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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33
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Acikkol M, Semen S, Turkmen Z, Mercan S. Determination of α-cypermethrin from soil by using HPTLC. JPC-J PLANAR CHROMAT 2012. [DOI: 10.1556/jpc.25.2012.1.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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34
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Solventless and solvent-minimized sample preparation techniques for determining currently used pesticides in water samples: A review. Talanta 2011; 86:8-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2011.08.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2011] [Revised: 08/19/2011] [Accepted: 08/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Robles-Molina J, Gilbert-López B, García-Reyes JF, Molina-Díaz A. Determination of organic priority pollutants in sewage treatment plant effluents by gas chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry. Talanta 2010; 82:1318-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2010.06.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2010] [Revised: 06/18/2010] [Accepted: 06/28/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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36
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Hadjmohammadi MR, Peyrovi M, Biparva P. Comparison of C18
silica and multi-walled carbon nanotubes as the adsorbents for the solid-phase extraction of Chlorpyrifos and Phosalone in water samples using HPLC. J Sep Sci 2010; 33:1044-51. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200900494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Wang J, Kong L, Guo Z, Xu J, Liu J. Synthesis of novel decorated one-dimensional gold nanoparticle and its application in ultrasensitive detection of insecticide. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/c0jm00040j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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38
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Guillet V, Fave C, Montury M. Microwave/SPME method to quantify pesticide residues in tomato fruits. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2009; 44:415-422. [PMID: 20183044 DOI: 10.1080/03601230902934587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A new analytical method using focused microwave-assisted extraction (FMAE), coupled with solid phase micro-extraction (SPME), has been elaborated to determine 25 pesticides used in tomato cultivation. Microwave energy was used for a fast and controlled heating of solvent to selectively extract compounds. Calibration curves were plotted from blank tomato samples spiked at different concentrations with standards. A linear response was obtained between 10 and 1000 microg/Kg for pyrethroids and between 0.1 and 5000 microg/Kg for other compounds. For all studied substances, the resulting correlation coefficient (r(2)) was greater than 0.99. Limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were measured lower than 8 and 25 microg/Kg, respectively. The relative standard deviation (RSD) was determined below 15% for all pesticides. Field incurred tomato samples were used to validate the new FMAE/SPME method. Observed analysis results by using this technique were in good agreement compared to those obtained by two accredited trading laboratories using traditional methods. Four tomato samples, bought in a local market, were also tested with the FMAE/SPME method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Guillet
- Laboratoire de Physico- et Toxico-Chimie, Institut des Sciences Moleculaires, 24019 Perigueux Cedex, France.
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39
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Mollahosseini A, Noroozian E. Polyphosphate-doped polypyrrole coated on steel fiber for the solid-phase microextraction of organochlorine pesticides in water. Anal Chim Acta 2009; 638:169-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2009.02.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2008] [Revised: 02/24/2009] [Accepted: 02/27/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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40
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Li Q, Wang X, Yuan D. Solid-phase extraction of polar organophosphorous pesticides from aqueous samples with oxidized carbon nanotubes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 11:439-44. [DOI: 10.1039/b816271a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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41
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Quang LX, Lim C, Seong GH, Choo J, Do KJ, Yoo SK. A portable surface-enhanced Raman scattering sensor integrated with a lab-on-a-chip for field analysis. LAB ON A CHIP 2008; 8:2214-9. [PMID: 19023489 DOI: 10.1039/b808835g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
An integrated real-time sensing system that uses a portable Raman spectrometer and a micropillar array chip has been developed for field analysis. The problem of poor detection sensitivity, caused by miniaturization in the portable Raman spectrometer, was overcome by using the surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) technique. The problem of poor reproducibility in the SERS detection, caused by different particle sizes and inhomogeneous degrees of aggregation, was also overcome by using continuous flow and homogeneous mixing between the analytes and nanocolloidal silver in a micropillar array microfluidic chip. Two hazardous materials, dipicolinic acid and malachite green, were quantitatively analysed using our integrated portable Raman sensor system. The observed limit of detection was estimated to be 200 ppb and 500 ppb, respectively. Our proposed analytical method, using a micropillar array PDMS chip and a portable SERS system, offers a rapid and reproducible trace detection capability for hazardous materials in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ly Xuan Quang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Hanyang University, Ansan, 426-791, South Korea
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42
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García-Rodríguez D, Carro AM, Lorenzo RA, Fernández F, Cela R. Determination of trace levels of aquaculture chemotherapeutants in seawater samples by SPME-GC-MS/MS. J Sep Sci 2008; 31:2882-90. [PMID: 18666180 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200800268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A sensitive and efficient solid-phase microextraction (SPME) method for the determination of organophosphorous (OPPs) and pyrethroid pesticides (Pyrs) in aquaculture-seawater samples by using GC with MS/MS (GC-MS/MS) was developed. Dichlorvos and chlorpyrifos (OPPs); permethrin, alpha-cypermethrin and deltamethrin (Pyrs) were selected according to their use as chemotherapeutants in the aquaculture industry. Different parameters affecting extraction efficiency such as fibre coating, agitation, pH and extraction time profiles were investigated. An experimental central composite design (alpha = 1) and desirability functions were used for the simultaneous optimization of extraction temperature and sample volume. Finally, a method based on direct SPME in 40 min at 75 degrees C using 100-microm-thick poly(dimethyl)siloxane (PDMS) fibre and 20 mL of sample volume is proposed. The method was validated, exhibiting good linearity, precision and accuracy parameters with picogram per millilitre LODs. The proposed methodology was applied to determine the ultratrace levels of OPPs and Pyrs in aquaculture-seawater samples by the standard addition approach, which proved to be reliable and sensitive, in addition to requiring only small amounts of sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego García-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Instituto de Investigación y Análisis Alimentario, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Lakso HA, Appelblad P, Schneede J. Quantification of methylmalonic acid in human plasma with hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography separation and mass spectrometric detection. Clin Chem 2008; 54:2028-35. [PMID: 18845771 DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2007.101253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Measurement of methylmalonic acid (MMA) in serum or plasma is useful for diagnosing cobalamin deficiency. We developed a method for quantifying MMA in plasma based on hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) and single-stage negative electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometry. METHODS We deproteinized plasma samples (200 microL) with 800 microL acidified acetonitrile containing 0.17 micromol/L deuterated MMA (D(3)-MMA) internal standard, centrifuged the samples, and injected 4 microL of the supernatant into the LC-MS instrument. Separation was achieved within 3 min on a Merck SeQuant ZIC-HILIC column with a mobile phase consisting of 4 volumes acetonitrile plus 1 volume 100 mmol/L ammonium acetate buffer, pH 4.5, at a flow rate of 400 microL/min. Subsequent column washing and reconditioning contributed to a total run time of 10 min. MMA and D(3)-MMA were quantified by single-ion monitoring (m/z 117.2 and 120.2, respectively) in negative ESI mode at a drying-gas flow rate of 10 L/min, 300 degrees C, and a capillary voltage of 3.0 kV. RESULTS The estimated limits of MMA quantification and detection were 0.09 micromol/L and 0.03 micromol/L, respectively, in plasma. The assay was linear to 200 micromol/L. Interassay and intraassay CVs were < or = 5% at all tested concentrations. Recoveries were 90%-93%. CONCLUSIONS This robust assay allows analysis of MMA in human plasma without derivatization. Sample preparation is simple and suitable for automation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Ake Lakso
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Umeå, Umeå, Sweden
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44
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Lepom P, Brown B, Hanke G, Loos R, Quevauviller P, Wollgast J. Needs for reliable analytical methods for monitoring chemical pollutants in surface water under the European Water Framework Directive. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1216:302-15. [PMID: 18603257 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2008] [Revised: 06/05/2008] [Accepted: 06/12/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The state of the art in monitoring chemical pollutants to assess water quality status according to Water Framework Directive (WFD) and the challenges associated with it have been reviewed. The article includes information on environmental quality standards (EQSs) proposed to protect the aquatic environment and humans against hazardous substances and the resulting monitoring requirements. Furthermore, minimum performance criteria for analytical methods and quality assurance issues have been discussed. The result of a survey of existing standard methods with a focus on European (EN) and international standards (ISO) for the analysis of chemical pollutants in water is reported and the applicability of those methods for the purpose of compliance checking with EQSs is examined. Approximately 75% of the 41 hazardous substances for which Europe-wide EQSs have been proposed can be reliably monitored in water with acceptable uncertainty when applying existing standardised methods. Monitoring in water encounters difficulties for some substances, e.g., short-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), tributyltin compounds, certain organochlorine pesticides and six-ring PAHs, mainly due to a lack of validated, sufficiently sensitive methods that are applicable in routine laboratory conditions. As WFD requires monitoring of unfiltered samples for organic contaminants more attention needs to be paid to the distribution of chemical pollutants between suspended particulate matter and the liquid phase. Methods allowing complete extraction of organic contaminants from whole water samples are required. From a quality assurance point of view, there is a need to organise interlaboratory comparisons specifically designed to the requirements of WFD (concentrations around EQSs, representative water samples) as well as field trials to compare sampling methodologies. Additional analytical challenges may arise when Member States have identified their river basin specific pollutants and after revision of the list of priority substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Lepom
- Federal Environment Agency, Laboratory for Water Analysis, Bismarckplatz 1, D-14193 Berlin, Germany.
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Ruiz-Gil L, Romero-González R, Garrido Frenich A, Martínez Vidal JL. Determination of pesticides in water samples by solid phase extraction and gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2008; 31:151-61. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200700299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Wang S, Zhao P, Min G, Fang G. Multi-residue determination of pesticides in water using multi-walled carbon nanotubes solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1165:166-71. [PMID: 17697685 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.07.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2007] [Revised: 07/12/2007] [Accepted: 07/23/2007] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
A reliable multi-residue method which was based on solid-phase extraction (SPE) with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as adsorbent was developed for determination and quantitation of 12 pesticides (carbofuran, iprobenfos, parathion-methyl, prometryn, fenitrothion, parathion-ethyl, isocarbofos, phenthoate, methidathion, endrin, ethion, methoxychlor) in surface water by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Parameters that might influence the extraction efficiency such as the eluent volume, the sample flow rate and the sample loading volume were optimized. The experimental results showed the excellent linearity of 12 pesticides (R(2)>0.99) over the range of 0.04-4 microg L(-1), and the precisions (RSD) were 3.1-15.1% under the optimal conditions. The detection limits of proposed method could reach 0.01-0.03 microg L(-1) based on the ratio of chromatographic signal to base line noise (S/N=3). Good recoveries achieved with spiked water samples were in the range of 82.0-103.7%. The results indicated that MWCNTs have good adsorbability to the 12 pesticides tested in this study. With less cost, less analytical time and less solvent-consuming, the developed multi-residue method could be used to determine multi-class pesticides in water simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Faculty of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
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Gonçalves CM, Silva JCGED, Alpendurada MF. Evaluation of the pesticide contamination of groundwater sampled over two years from a vulnerable zone in Portugal. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2007; 55:6227-35. [PMID: 17608425 DOI: 10.1021/jf063663u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
A monitoring program of pesticides was implemented in the "ZV1" vulnerable zone (Directive 91/676/EEC) in Portugal, in order to assess the impact of intensive horticulture practices on groundwater contamination. The monitoring network comprised 23 sampling points sampled every 3 months during a 2-year period. Forty-two pesticides belonging to varied chemical families, including current pesticides, persistent organic pollutants (POPs), and degradation products, were analyzed by solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and gas chromatography with electron-capture detection-thermoionic specific detection (GC-ECD-TSD) or mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Statistical treatment was performed by descriptive analysis followed by chemometric multivariate analysis. The latter included cluster analysis, linear discriminant analysis, and factor analysis. Twenty-two pesticides were quantitated, 20 pesticides were not detected, and metalaxyl, benalaxyl, quinalphos, pirimicarb, and prometryn were only qualitatively detected. The most frequently detected pesticides (% of samples analyzed) were lindane (53%), pendimethalin (49%), endosulfan sulfate (44%), and endosulfan (38%) while those that most frequently exceeded the 0.1 mug L-1 European Union (EU) limit were pendimethalin (13%), endosulfan (12%), endosulfan sulfate (11%), and atrazine (9%). 45% of the samples exceeded the EU limit for individual pesticides while 27% exceeded the limit set to the sum of pesticides (0.5 mug L-1). Principal component analysis revealed five principal components that were attributed to environmental/agrochemical managing factors. The broad range of pesticides investigated combined with the intensive character of the local agriculture contributed to the diversity of pesticides that were detected. However, the frequency of pesticides above the EU regulatory limit is comparable to that found in the literature concerning different Portuguese and European regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos M Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Hydrology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Aníbal Cunha 164, 4050-047 Porto, Portugal.
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Shuling S, Xiaodong M, Chongjiu L. Multi-residue determination method of pesticides in leek by gel permeation chromatography and solid phase extraction followed by gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detector. Food Control 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2005.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Rodrigues AM, Ferreira V, Cardoso VV, Ferreira E, Benoliel MJ. Determination of several pesticides in water by solid-phase extraction, liquid chromatography and electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1150:267-78. [PMID: 17064714 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2006.09.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2006] [Revised: 09/18/2006] [Accepted: 09/22/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The analysis of pesticides in water samples is a problem of primary concern for quality control laboratories due to the toxicity level of these compounds and their public health risk. In order to evaluate the impact of pesticides in the Lisbon drinking water supply system, following the requirements of the European Union Directive 98/83/EC, we developed and validated an analytical method based on the combination of solid-phase extraction with liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. In this work, several pesticides were studied: imidacloprid, dimethoate, cymoxanil, carbendazime, phosmet, carbofuran, isoproturon, diuron, methidathion, linuron, pyrimethanil, methiocarbe, tebuconazole and chlorpyrifos. Several parameters of the electrospray source were optimized in order to get the best formation conditions of the precursor ion for each pesticide, namely capillary and extractor voltage, cone voltage, cone gas flow rate and desolvation gas flow rate. After optimization of the collision cell energy of the triple quadrupole, two different precursor ion-product ion transitions were selected for each pesticide, one for quantification and one for qualification, and these ions were monitored under time-scheduled multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) conditions. The selection of specific fragment ions for each pesticide guarantees a high degree of selectivity as well as additional sensitivity to quantify trace levels of these pesticides in water samples. This method showed excellent linearity ranges for all pesticides, with correlation coefficients greater than 0.9989. Determination limits (between 0.0041 and 0.0480 microg/L), precision (RSD <9.18%), accuracy and recovery studies in several water samples using solid-phase extraction were also performed.
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Shuling S, Xiaodong M, Chongjiu L. Rapid Multiresidue Determination Method for 100 Pesticides in Vegetables by One Injection Using Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry with Selective Ion Storage Technology. ANAL LETT 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/00032710600952689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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