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Lee J, Yoo YK, Lee D, Kim C, Kim KH, Lee S, Kwak S, Kang JY, Kim H, Yoon DS, Hur D, Lee JH. Origami paper-based sample preconcentration using sequentially driven ion concentration polarization. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:867-874. [PMID: 33507198 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc01032d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Ion concentration polarization (ICP) is one of the preconcentration techniques which can acquire a high preconcentration factor. Still, the main hurdles of ICP are its instability and low efficiency under physiological conditions with high ionic strength and abundant biomolecules. Here, we suggested a sequentially driven ICP process, which enhanced the electrokinetic force required for preconcentration, enabling enrichment of highly ionic raw samples without increasing the electric field. We acquired a 13-fold preconcentration factor (PF) in human serum using a paper-based origami structure consisting of multiple layers for three-dimensional sequential ICP (3D seq-ICP). Moreover, we demonstrated a paper-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) by 3D seq-ICP using tau protein, showing a 6-fold increase in ELISA signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwoo Lee
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 20 Kwangwoon-ro, Nowon, Seoul 01897, South Korea.
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2
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Bol’shakov DS, Amelin VG, Nikeshina TB. Determination of antibiotics in drugs and biological fluids using capillary electrophoresis. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934816010020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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3
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da Silva IS, Vidal DTR, do Lago CL, Angnes L. Fast simultaneous determination of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole by capillary zone electrophoresis with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection. J Sep Sci 2013; 36:1405-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201201013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Revised: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Iranaldo Santos da Silva
- Departamento de Química Fundamental; Instituto de Química; Universidade de São Paulo; São Paulo SP Brazil
- Companhia de Saneamento Ambiental do Maranhão; São Luis MA Brazil
| | - Denis Tadeu Rajh Vidal
- Departamento de Química Fundamental; Instituto de Química; Universidade de São Paulo; São Paulo SP Brazil
| | - Claudimir Lucio do Lago
- Departamento de Química Fundamental; Instituto de Química; Universidade de São Paulo; São Paulo SP Brazil
| | - Lúcio Angnes
- Departamento de Química Fundamental; Instituto de Química; Universidade de São Paulo; São Paulo SP Brazil
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Mikkonen S, Rokhas MK, Jacksén J, Emmer A. Sample preconcentration in open microchannels combined with MALDI-MS. Electrophoresis 2012; 33:3343-50. [PMID: 23086729 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201200129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2012] [Revised: 06/10/2012] [Accepted: 06/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a method for preconcentrating samples in 1 cm long, 50-150 μm wide open microchannels is presented. Platinum electrodes were positioned at the channel ends, voltage was applied, and charged analyte was preconcentrated at the oppositely charged side during continuous supply of sample. The preconcentration was initially studied in a closed system, where an influence on the analyte position from a pH gradient, generated by water electrolysis, was observed. In the open channel, the analyte distribution after preconcentration was evaluated using MALDI-MS with the channel as MALDI target. MALDI matrix was applied with an airbrush or by electrospray matrix deposition and by using the latter technique higher degrees of crystallization in the channels were obtained. After preconcentrating a 1 nM cytochrome c solution for 5 min, corresponding to a supplied amount of 1.25 fmol, a signal on the cathodic channel end could be detected. When a solution of cytochrome c trypsin digest was supplied, the peptides were preconcentrated at different positions along the channel depending on their charge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saara Mikkonen
- Analytical Chemistry, Division of Applied Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
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5
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Sinkala E, McCutcheon JE, Schuck MJ, Schmidt E, Roitman MF, Eddington DT. Electrode calibration with a microfluidic flow cell for fast-scan cyclic voltammetry. LAB ON A CHIP 2012; 12:2403-8. [PMID: 22522908 PMCID: PMC3371170 DOI: 10.1039/c2lc40168a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) is a common analytical electrochemistry tool used to measure chemical species. It has recently been adapted for measurement of neurotransmitters such as dopamine in awake and behaving animals (in vivo). Electrode calibration is an essential step in FSCV to relate observed current to concentration of a chemical species. However, existing methods require multiple components, which reduce the ease of calibrations. To this end, a microfluidic flow cell (μFC) was developed as a simple device to switch between buffer and buffer with a known concentration of the analyte of interest--in this case dopamine--in a microfluidic Y-channel. The ability to quickly switch solutions yielded electrode calibrations with faster rise times and that were more stable at peak current values. The μFC reduced the number of external electrical components and produced linear calibrations over a range of concentrations. To demonstrate this, an electrode calibrated with the μFC was used in FSCV recordings from a rat during the delivery of food reward--a stimulus that reliably evokes a brief increase in current due to the oxidation of dopamine. Using the linear calibration, dopamine concentrations were determined from the current responses evoked during the behavioral task. The μFC is able to easily and quickly calibrate FSCV electrode responses to chemical species for both in vitro and in vivo experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elly Sinkala
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
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6
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Fan J, Zhu Y, Shi X, Fang Q, Huang J. Microfluidic sequential injection analysis system based on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) chip with integrated pneumatic-actuated valves. Sci China Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-012-4545-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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7
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Online sample pre-concentration via dynamic pH junction in capillary and microchip electrophoresis. J Sep Sci 2011; 34:2800-21. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201100414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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8
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Zhu HD, Lü W, Li HH, Ma YH, Hu SQ, Chen HL, Chen XG. A novel cross-H-channel interface for flow injection-capillary electrophoresis to reduce sample requirement and improve sensitivity. Analyst 2011; 136:1322-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c0an00592d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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9
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Lin YT, Liu YW, Cheng YJ, Huang HY. Analyses of sulfonamide antibiotics by a successive anion- and cation-selective injection coupled to microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography. Electrophoresis 2010; 31:2260-6. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201000150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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10
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Kuo CH, Wang JH, Lee GB. A microfabricated CE chip for DNA pre-concentration and separation utilizing a normally closed valve. Electrophoresis 2009; 30:3228-35. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200900112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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11
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Kartsova LA, Bessonova EA. Preconcentration techniques in capillary electrophoresis. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2009. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934809040029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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12
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Online preconcentration of recombinant Arg-Gly-Asp-hirudin using dynamic pH junction for analysis in human urine samples by capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:1490-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.12.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2008] [Revised: 11/20/2008] [Accepted: 12/19/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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13
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Lü WJ, Chen YL, Zhu JH, Chen XG. The combination of flow injection with electrophoresis using capillaries and chips. Electrophoresis 2009; 30:83-91. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200800402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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14
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Low-temperature bath/high-conductivity zone/stacking micellar electrokinetic chromatography for the analysis of phenolic acids in coffee drink. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1212:137-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2008] [Revised: 10/06/2008] [Accepted: 10/07/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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15
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Dahdouh FT, Clarke K, Salgado M, Hanrahan G, Gomez FA. Chemometrical examination of active parameters and interactions in flow injection-capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2008; 29:3779-85. [PMID: 18850647 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200800170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The first detailed examination of flow injection-capillary electrophoresis (FI-CE) active parameters and their interactions via response surface methodology (RSM) is presented. Specifically, RSM in the form of a Box-Behnken design was implemented to effectively predict the significance of capillary length, voltage and injection volume on the optimization of an in-house built FI-CE analyzer. Initial studies were performed assessing peak height and peak shape of the model compound N,N-dimethylformamide. Optimum model conditions were then derived and used in the model separation of two small molecules, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, reduced form (NADH) and benzenesulfonamide. By implementing the RSM approach, detailed examination of active FI-CE parameters was possible, including the ability to reveal a significant interactive effect. This work is not only highly significant for advancing FI-CE developments, but instructive for investigators actively exploring other coupled analytical techniques and associated experimental parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Froseen T Dahdouh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA
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16
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Amin AS, Shahat MFE, Edeen RE, Meshref MA. Comparison of Ion-Pairing and Reversed Phase Liquid Chromatography in Determination of Sulfamethoxazole and Trimethoprim. ANAL LETT 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/00032710802162061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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17
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Boca MB, Pretorius E, Kgaje C, Apostolides Z. Assessment of MEKC suitability for residue drug monitoring on pharmaceutical manufacturing equipment. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2008; 46:631-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2007.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2007] [Revised: 11/15/2007] [Accepted: 11/19/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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18
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Simpson SL, Quirino JP, Terabe S. On-line sample preconcentration in capillary electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1184:504-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 269] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2007] [Revised: 10/30/2007] [Accepted: 11/01/2007] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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19
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Ptolemy AS, Britz-McKibbin P. New advances in on-line sample preconcentration by capillary electrophoresis using dynamic pH junction. Analyst 2008; 133:1643-8. [DOI: 10.1039/b808236g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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20
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Cao CX, Fan LY, Zhang W. Review on the theory of moving reaction boundary, electromigration reaction methods and applications in isoelectric focusing and sample pre-concentration. Analyst 2008; 133:1139-57. [DOI: 10.1039/b807450j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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21
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Castro-Puyana M, Crego AL, Marina ML. Recent advances in the analysis of antibiotics by CE and CEC. Electrophoresis 2008; 29:274-93. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200700485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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22
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Horáková J, Petr J, Maier V, Znaleziona J, Stanová A, Marák J, Kaniansky D, Sevcík J. Combination of large volume sample stacking and dynamic pH junction for on-line preconcentration of weak electrolytes by capillary electrophoresis in comparison with isotachophoretic techniques. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1155:193-8. [PMID: 17296203 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.01.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2006] [Revised: 01/12/2007] [Accepted: 01/18/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
An on-line preconcentration capillary electrophoresis (CE) technique, which combines a large volume sample stacking with a dynamic pH junction technique, is introduced in this paper. This dynamic pH junction with co-electroosmotic migration is formed between sodium borate pH 9.5 and sodium phosphate pH 2.5 with 150 mM sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS). A full capillary based injection allows determination of weak acidic compounds at ppb concentration levels (achieved LOD for benzoic acid was 11 nmol L(-1)). The proposed preconcentration method was compared with ITP/ITP (LOD 120 nmol L(-1)), ITP/CZE (LOD 740 nmol L(-1)) and a simple CZE method (LOD 23,330 nmol L(-1)). The analytical potential of this method was assessed with juice test samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Horáková
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Palacký University, Trída Svobody 8, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Chen Y, Lü W, Chen X, Hu Z. Combination of flow injection with electrophoresis using capillaries and chips. Electrophoresis 2007; 28:33-44. [PMID: 17149784 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200600587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The technique of combined flow injection CE (FI-CE) integrates the essential favorable merits of FI and CE and can significantly expand the application of CE by utilizing the various on-line sample pretreatments and preconcentration of FI. The basic principles, instrumental developments, and applications of the FI-CE system from 2004 to 2006 are reviewed. The recent developments and applications of FI-CE are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonglei Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P. R. China
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Malá Z, Krivánková L, Gebauer P, Bocek P. Contemporary sample stacking in CE: A sophisticated tool based on simple principles. Electrophoresis 2007; 28:243-53. [PMID: 17136738 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200600397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Sample stacking is a general term for methods in CE which are used for on-line concentration of diluted analytes. During the stacking process, analytes present at low concentrations in a long injected sample zone are concentrated into a short zone (stack). The stacked analytes are then separated and individual zones are detected. Thus stacking provides better separation efficiency and detection sensitivity. Many papers have been published on stacking till now, various procedures have been described, and, many names have been proposed for stacking procedures utilizing the same principles. This contribution brings an easy and unified view on stacking, describes the basic principles utilized, makes a list of recognized operational principles and brings an overview of principal current procedures. Further, it surveys selected recent practical applications ordered according to their operational principles and includes the terms, nicknames, and acronyms used for these actual stacking procedures. This contribution may help both newcomers and experts in the field of CE to orient themselves in the already quite complex topic of sample stacking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zdena Malá
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Brno, Czech Republic
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25
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Sabry SM. Enhanced Spectrophotometry of Sulfonamides with Novel 2‐Acetylbutyrolactone Derivatives. ANAL LETT 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/00032710600824748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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26
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Hisamoto H, Takeda S, Terabe S. Capillary-assembled microchip as an on-line deproteinization device for capillary electrophoresis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2006; 386:733-8. [PMID: 16642359 PMCID: PMC1592466 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-006-0331-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2005] [Revised: 01/20/2006] [Accepted: 01/24/2006] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
A capillary-assembled microchip (CAs-CHIP), prepared by simply embedding square capillaries in a lattice polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) channel plate with the same channel dimensions as the outer dimensions of the square capillaries, has been used as a diffusion-based pretreatment attachment in capillary electrophoresis (CE). Because the CAs-CHIPs employ square-section channels, diffusion-based separation of small molecules from sample solutions containing proteins is possible by using the multilayer flow formed in the square section channel. When a solution containing high-molecular-weight and low-molecular-weight species makes contact with a buffer solution, the low-molecular-weight species, which have larger diffusion coefficients than the high-molecular-weight species, can be collected in a buffer-solution phase. The collected solution containing the low-molecular-weight species is introduced into the separation capillary to be analyzed by CE. This type of system can be used for CE analysis in which pretreatment is required to remove proteins. In this work a fluorescently labeled protein and rhodamine-based molecules were chosen as model species and a feasibility study was performed. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki Hisamoto
- Graduate School of Material Science, University of Hyogo, 3-2-1 Kouto, Kamigori-cho, Ako-gun, Hyogo, 678-1297, Japan.
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Liu L, Liu X, Chen X, Hu Z. Separation and determination of tetrandrine and fangchinoline in herbal medicines by flow injection-micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography with internal standard method. J Chromatogr A 2005; 1098:177-82. [PMID: 16314176 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2005.08.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2005] [Revised: 07/29/2005] [Accepted: 08/23/2005] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A simple, rapid and precision flow injection-micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography (FI-MEKC) system with trimethoprim as internal standard (IS) for automated quantitative analysis of tetrandrine (TET) and fangchinoline (FAN) in various herbal medicines was demonstrated. The real sample throughput was 19-40 samples per hour using the background electrolyte (BGE) containing 15mM acetic acid-15mM sodium acetate-3% (v/v) polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate (Tween 20)-5% (v/v) methanol at pH 5.5. The method resulted in excellent linearity, with correlation coefficient of regression equation of 0.9996 and 0.9991 for TET and FAN, respectively. Recoveries were in the range 95-109% and 92-106% for TET and FAN, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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Fan L, Cheng Y, Li Y, Chen H, Chen X, Hu Z. Head-column field-amplified sample stacking in a capillary electrophoresis-flow injection system. Electrophoresis 2005; 26:4345-54. [PMID: 16240292 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200500013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A simple, effective, and continuous online concentration method for the sensitive detection of alkaloids applying CE-flow injection analysis with head-column field-amplified sample stacking was developed. A series of samples was continuously introduced into the capillary by electrokinetic means without interrupting the high voltage. A short water plug was introduced by the EOF at the capillary inlet end prior to sample introduction. Under optimum conditions, 15-fold improvement in concentration sensitivity was achieved, giving an LOD of about 0.67 and 0.73 microg/mL for ephedrine (E) and pseudoephedrine (PE), respectively. The separation could be achieved within 4 min and sample throughput rate could reach up to 7/h. The repeatability (defined as RSD) was 3.62, 1.51% with peak area evaluation and 1.30, 2.58% with peak height evaluation for E and PE, respectively. This method has been successfully applied to the analysis of commercial pharmaceutical preparations containing E and PE, and the recoveries were 92.3-102.4%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuyin Fan
- Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, PR China
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