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Preparation of Thermodesorption Tube Standards: Comparison of Usual Methods Using Accuracy Profile Evaluation. SEPARATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/separations9080226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to quantify organic impurities in gas produced from renewable sources, thermal desorption coupled with GC-MS or GC×GC-MS is very useful. However, the preparation of the standard tubes appears not to be trivial. For that, different strategies, based on commercial setups, have been developed. The goal of this study was to compare the classical manual deposit of a liquid standard solution with other commercial methods such as gas stream assisted deposit and vaporization followed by adsorption assisted by gas stream. A standard mixture of 48 compounds from different families was used for the comparison of the performances of the three strategies using the accuracy profile methodology. A global validation score was attributed to each strategy as well as a score according to family of compounds and boiling point range, in order to provide a detailed comparison of the techniques. On the set of studied molecules, commercial setups were found to be more efficient than the manual deposit.
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Abd-AlGhafar WN, Aly FA, Sheribah ZA, Saad S. Green HPLC method with time programming for the determination of the co-formulated eye drops of tafluprost and timolol in their challengeable ratio. BMC Chem 2022; 16:28. [PMID: 35440055 PMCID: PMC9019973 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-022-00815-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
A new, simple and selective HPLC method was implemented for the simultaneous estimation of tafluprost (TFL) and timolol (TIM) in their new anti-glaucoma combination in the challengeable ratio of 3 and 1000 for TFL and TIM, respectively. Separation was achieved using a BDS Hypersil phenyl column and a mobile phase made up of acetonitrile: 0.015 M phosphate buffer (50:50 v/v, pH 3.5) delivered at 1 mL min−1 and the separation was completed in less than 6 min. UV detection was time programmed at 220 nm for the first 4.5 min and later at 254 nm. Mebeverine (MEB) was used as an internal standard (I.S.). The linearity was observed in the ranges of 0.6–45 and 50–2000 µg mL−1 with limits of detection (LOD) of 0.18, 16.48 µg mL−1 and limits of quantification (LOQ) of 0.55, 49.94 µg mL−1 for TFL and TIM, respectively. The method satisfied International Council for Harmonization (ICH) validation guidelines. The study was extended to the estimation of the studied drugs in their co-formulated eye drops as well as in their single dosage forms with acceptable percentage recoveries. Moreover, Green Analytical Procedure Index (GAPI) and analytical Eco-scale were investigated to confirm the greenness of the proposed HPLC method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walaa Nabil Abd-AlGhafar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.
| | - Fatma Ahmed Aly
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Zeinab Awad Sheribah
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Samar Saad
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
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Application of Experimental Design Methodologies in the Enantioseparation of Pharmaceuticals by Capillary Electrophoresis: A Review. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26154681. [PMID: 34361834 PMCID: PMC8348688 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chirality is one of the major issues in pharmaceutical research and industry. Capillary electrophoresis (CE) is an interesting alternative to the more frequently used chromatographic techniques in the enantioseparation of pharmaceuticals, and is used for the determination of enantiomeric ratio, enantiomeric purity, and in pharmacokinetic studies. Traditionally, optimization of CE methods is performed using a univariate one factor at a time (OFAT) approach; however, this strategy does not allow for the evaluation of interactions between experimental factors, which may result in ineffective method development and optimization. In the last two decades, Design of Experiments (DoE) has been frequently employed to better understand the multidimensional effects and interactions of the input factors on the output responses of analytical CE methods. DoE can be divided into two types: screening and optimization designs. Furthermore, using Quality by Design (QbD) methodology to develop CE-based enantioselective techniques is becoming increasingly popular. The review presents the current use of DoE methodologies in CE-based enantioresolution method development and provides an overview of DoE applications in the optimization and validation of CE enantioselective procedures in the last 25 years. Moreover, a critical perspective on how different DoE strategies can aid in the optimization of enantioseparation procedures is presented.
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Hernández-Fernández J, Lopez-Martinez J, Barceló D. Development and validation of a methodology for quantifying parts-per-billion levels of arsine and phosphine in nitrogen, hydrogen and liquefied petroleum gas using a variable pressure sampler coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1637:461833. [PMID: 33373796 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The reliable determination of arsine (AsH3) and phosphine (PH3) in hydrogen (H2), nitrogen (N2) and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) is of great importance because of its drastic effects on the efficiency of catalysts, as well as the strict regulations associated with health, safety and environmental issues. It is challenging for an analyst to determine the parts per billion of AsH3 and PH3 in H2, N2, and LPG at low and high pressures without collection procedures using adsorption, desorption, and dissolution techniques. To overcome this analytical need an analytical methodology was developed, employing a variable pressure sampler (VPS) coupled to a gas chromatograph (GC) with mass spectrometry (MS) for the identification and quantification of traces of AsH3 and PH3. The instrumentation, tubing and accessories of the VPS were made of passivated steel to avoid losses from absorption of AsH3 and PH3 in the steel which would generate significant analytical problems. The VPS had a homogeneous heating block that prevented analyte losses from condensation. With the VPS, 24 AsH3 and PH3 standards were prepared between 0.005 and 0.1 mg kg-1 in balance of H2, N2 and LPG. The separation and quantification of the analytes was achieved with an improved GC with 4 valves and 5 columns in series that guaranteed the elimination of impurities. The proposed method was optimized in VPS and GC-MS and then validated showing highly accaptable linearity (r2 > 0.9999), detection limits (<0.0009 mg kg-1), limits of quantification (<0.003 mg kg-1), intra-day and inter-day precision and accuracy (<1.14% and ≤3.0% respectively), recovery for the standard addition (86-109%), P values> 0.05 for the test Student's t paired who evaluated the effect of the matrix on pressure and concentration. The speed of analysis was high (<5.2 min). The method was applied to real samples, showing values between 0.005 and 0.1 mg kg-1 and an effect on the efficiency of the Ziegler Natta catalyst between 5 and 56%.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Hernández-Fernández
- Research Group in Polymer Science, Engineering and Sustainability, Esenttia, Mamonal Industrial Zone, Km. 8, Cartagena, Colombia; Research Center in Polymers, Catalysts and analytical chemistry, CePoCat&A, Cartagena, Colombia; Universitat Politecnica de Valencia (UPV), Institute of Materials Technology (ITM), Plaza Ferrándiz y Carbonell s/n 03801 Alcoy, Alicante, Spain.
| | - J Lopez-Martinez
- Universitat Politecnica de Valencia (UPV), Institute of Materials Technology (ITM), Plaza Ferrándiz y Carbonell s/n 03801 Alcoy, Alicante, Spain
| | - Damià Barceló
- Water and Soil Quality Research Group, Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain; Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Parc Científic i Tecnològic de la Universitat de Girona, Edifici H2O, Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain
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Remy P, Pérès C, Dugay J, Corbi E, David N, Vial J. How high‐resolution mass spectrometry can help for the accurate quantification of difficult fragrance allergens. FLAVOUR FRAG J 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ffj.3639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre‐Alain Remy
- Chanel, Laboratoire Recherche et Analyses Neuilly‐sur‐Seine France
- LSABM UMR CBI 8231 ESPCI Paris‐PSL Research University‐CNRS Paris France
| | - Christophe Pérès
- Chanel, Laboratoire Recherche et Analyses Neuilly‐sur‐Seine France
| | - José Dugay
- LSABM UMR CBI 8231 ESPCI Paris‐PSL Research University‐CNRS Paris France
| | - Elise Corbi
- Chanel, Laboratoire Recherche et Analyses Neuilly‐sur‐Seine France
| | - Nathalie David
- Chanel, Laboratoire Recherche et Analyses Neuilly‐sur‐Seine France
| | - Jérôme Vial
- LSABM UMR CBI 8231 ESPCI Paris‐PSL Research University‐CNRS Paris France
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Hernández-Fernández J. Quantification of oxygenates, sulphides, thiols and permanent gases in propylene. A multiple linear regression model to predict the loss of efficiency in polypropylene production on an industrial scale. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1628:461478. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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7
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Mitrović M, Protić A, Malenović A, Otašević B, Zečević M. Analytical quality by design development of an ecologically acceptable enantioselective HPLC method for timolol maleate enantiomeric purity testing on ovomucoid chiral stationary phase. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 180:113034. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.113034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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8
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Servais AC, Fillet M. Enantioseparations in Nonaqueous Capillary Electrophoresis Using Charged Cyclodextrins. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1985:373-381. [PMID: 31069746 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9438-0_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The enantioseparation of acidic and basic compounds can be successfully achieved in nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis (NACE) using single-isomer charged β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) derivatives of opposite charge to that of the analytes. This chapter describes how to separate the enantiomers of three basic substances selected as model compounds, i.e., alprenolol, bupranolol, and terbutaline, using the negatively charged heptakis(2,3-di-O-acetyl-6-O-sulfo)-β-CD (HDAS-β-CD). The enantiomers of three acidic drugs (tiaprofenic acid, suprofen, and flurbiprofen) are resolved using a monosubstituted amino β-CD derivative, namely 6-monodeoxy-6-mono(3-hydroxy)propylamino-β-CD (PA-β-CD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Catherine Servais
- Laboratory for the Analysis of Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CIRM, Quartier Hôpital, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
| | - Marianne Fillet
- Laboratory for the Analysis of Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CIRM, Quartier Hôpital, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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9
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Michalska K, Gruba E, Cielecka-Piontek J, Bednarek E. Chiral separation of tedizolid using charge single isomer derivatives of cyclodextrins by capillary electrokinetic chromatography. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2016; 120:402-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2015.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Revised: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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10
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Rey A, Corbi E, Pérès C, David N. Determination of suspected fragrance allergens extended list by two-dimensional gas chromatography–mass spectrometry in ready-to-inject samples. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1404:95-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.05.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Revised: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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11
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Feng Y, Wang T, Jiang Z, Chankvetadze B, Crommen J. Comparative enantiomer affinity pattern of β-blockers in aqueous and nonaqueous CE using single-component anionic cyclodextrins. Electrophoresis 2015; 36:1358-64. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201400462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Revised: 11/02/2014] [Accepted: 11/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Feng
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamics of Traditional Chinese Medicine & New Drug Research; Department of Pharmacy; Jinan University; Guangzhou China
| | - Tingting Wang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamics of Traditional Chinese Medicine & New Drug Research; Department of Pharmacy; Jinan University; Guangzhou China
| | - Zhengjin Jiang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamics of Traditional Chinese Medicine & New Drug Research; Department of Pharmacy; Jinan University; Guangzhou China
| | - Bezhan Chankvetadze
- Institute of Physical and Analytical Chemistry; School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Tbilisi State University; Tbilisi Georgia
| | - Jacques Crommen
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamics of Traditional Chinese Medicine & New Drug Research; Department of Pharmacy; Jinan University; Guangzhou China
- Laboratory of Analytical Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Liege; Liege Belgium
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12
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Rizk MS, Merey HA, Tawakkol SM, Sweilam MN. Development and Validation of a Stability-Indicating Micellar Liquid Chromatographic Method for the Determination of Timolol Maleate in the Presence of Its Degradation Products. J Chromatogr Sci 2014; 53:503-10. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmu075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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13
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Řezanka P, Navrátilová K, Řezanka M, Král V, Sýkora D. Application of cyclodextrins in chiral capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2014; 35:2701-21. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201400145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Revised: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Řezanka
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Institute of Chemical Technology; Prague Czech Republic
| | - Klára Navrátilová
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Institute of Chemical Technology; Prague Czech Republic
| | - Michal Řezanka
- Institute for Nanomaterials; Advanced Technologies and Innovation; Technical University of Liberec; Liberec Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Král
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Institute of Chemical Technology; Prague Czech Republic
| | - David Sýkora
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Institute of Chemical Technology; Prague Czech Republic
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14
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Marley A, Connolly D. Determination of (R)-timolol in (S)-timolol maleate active pharmaceutical ingredient: Validation of a new supercritical fluid chromatography method with an established normal phase liquid chromatography method. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1325:213-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Revised: 10/27/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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15
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Liu Y, Li N, Ma L, Huang L, Jing S, Zhao L, Feng W. DETERMINATION OF DIETHYLSTILBESTROL IN HUMAN PLASMA WITH MEASUREMENT UNCERTAINTY ESTIMATION BY LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY-TANDEM MASS SPECTROMETRY. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2012.745140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- a Department of Pharmacy , Peking University People's Hospital , Beijing , P.R. China
| | - Na Li
- b Central laboratory, Peking University People's Hospital , Beijing , P.R. China
| | - Liping Ma
- b Central laboratory, Peking University People's Hospital , Beijing , P.R. China
| | - Lin Huang
- a Department of Pharmacy , Peking University People's Hospital , Beijing , P.R. China
| | - Shan Jing
- c Department of Cardiology , Peking University People's Hospital , Beijing , P.R. China
| | - Libo Zhao
- a Department of Pharmacy , Peking University People's Hospital , Beijing , P.R. China
| | - Wanyu Feng
- a Department of Pharmacy , Peking University People's Hospital , Beijing , P.R. China
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16
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Ali I, Sanagi MM, Aboul-Enein HY. Advances in chiral separations by nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis in pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis. Electrophoresis 2013; 35:926-36. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201300222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Imran Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia; (Central University) Jamia Nagar; New Delhi India
| | - Mohd Marsin Sanagi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Universiti Teknologi Malaysia; Johor Malaysia
| | - Hassan Y. Aboul-Enein
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division; National Research Centre; Dokki Cairo Egypt
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17
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Rozet E, Ziemons E, Marini R, Hubert P. Usefulness of Information Criteria for the Selection of Calibration Curves. Anal Chem 2013; 85:6327-35. [DOI: 10.1021/ac400630k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. Rozet
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry,
Institute of Pharmacy, CIRM, University of Liege (ULg), CHU, B 36,
B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - E. Ziemons
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry,
Institute of Pharmacy, CIRM, University of Liege (ULg), CHU, B 36,
B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - R.D. Marini
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry,
Institute of Pharmacy, CIRM, University of Liege (ULg), CHU, B 36,
B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Ph. Hubert
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry,
Institute of Pharmacy, CIRM, University of Liege (ULg), CHU, B 36,
B-4000 Liège, Belgium
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18
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Saffaj T, Ihssane B, Jhilal F, Bouchafra H, Laslami S, Sosse SA. An overall uncertainty approach for the validation of analytical separation methods. Analyst 2013; 138:4677-91. [DOI: 10.1039/c3an00519d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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19
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Servais AC, Fillet M. Enantioseparations in nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis using charged cyclodextrins. Methods Mol Biol 2013; 970:297-305. [PMID: 23283786 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-263-6_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The enantioseparation of acidic and basic compounds can be successfully achieved in nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis using single-isomer charged β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) derivatives of opposite charge to that of the analytes. This chapter describes how to separate the enantiomers of three basic substances selected as model compounds, i.e., alprenolol, bupranolol, and terbutaline, using the negatively charged heptakis(2,3-di-O-acetyl-6-O-sulfo)-β-CD. The enantiomers of three acidic drugs (tiaprofenic acid, suprofen, and flurbiprofen) are resolved using a monosubstituted amino β-CD derivative, namely, 6-monodeoxy-6-mono(3-hydroxy)propylamino-β-CD.
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20
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Bouabidi A, Talbi M, Bourichi H, Bouklouze A, El Karbane M, Boulanger B, Brik Y, Hubert P, Rozet E. Flexibility and applicability of β-expectation tolerance interval approach to assess the fitness of purpose of pharmaceutical analytical methods. Drug Test Anal 2012; 4:1014-27. [PMID: 22615163 DOI: 10.1002/dta.1345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2011] [Revised: 02/06/2012] [Accepted: 02/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
An innovative versatile strategy using Total Error has been proposed to decide about the method's validity that controls the risk of accepting an unsuitable assay together with the ability to predict the reliability of future results. This strategy is based on the simultaneous combination of systematic (bias) and random (imprecision) error of analytical methods. Using validation standards, both types of error are combined through the use of a prediction interval or β-expectation tolerance interval. Finally, an accuracy profile is built by connecting, on one hand all the upper tolerance limits, and on the other hand all the lower tolerance limits. This profile combined with pre-specified acceptance limits allows the evaluation of the validity of any quantitative analytical method and thus their fitness for their intended purpose. In this work, the approach of accuracy profile was evaluated on several types of analytical methods encountered in the pharmaceutical industrial field and also covering different pharmaceutical matrices. The four studied examples depicted the flexibility and applicability of this approach for different matrices ranging from tablets to syrups, different techniques such as liquid chromatography, or UV spectrophotometry, and for different categories of assays commonly encountered in the pharmaceutical industry i.e. content assays, dissolution assays, and quantitative impurity assays. The accuracy profile approach assesses the fitness of purpose of these methods for their future routine application. It also allows the selection of the most suitable calibration curve, the adequate evaluation of a potential matrix effect and propose efficient solution and the correct definition of the limits of quantification of the studied analytical procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bouabidi
- Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, CIRM, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Liège, Belgium
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21
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Comparison of the quantitative performances and measurement uncertainty estimates obtained during method validation versus routine applications of a novel hydrophilic interaction chromatography method for the determination of cidofovir in human plasma. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2012; 57:153-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2011.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2011] [Revised: 08/26/2011] [Accepted: 08/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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22
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Aturki Z, D'Orazio G, Rocco A, Fanali S. Advances in the enantioseparation of β-blocker drugs by capillary electromigration techniques. Electrophoresis 2011; 32:2602-28. [PMID: 21905049 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201100153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2011] [Revised: 04/08/2011] [Accepted: 04/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
β-Blocker drugs or β-adrenergic blocking agents are an important class of drugs, prescribed with great frequency. They are used for various diseases, particularly for the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias, cardioprotection after myocardial infarction (heart attack), and hypertension. Almost all β-blocker drugs possess one or more stereogenic centers; however; only some of them are administered as single enantiomers. Since both enantiomers can differ in their pharmacological and toxicological properties, enantioselective analytical methods are required not only for pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic studies but also for quality control of pharmaceutical preparations with the determination of enantiomeric purity. In addition to the chromatographic tools, in recent years, capillary electromigration techniques (CE, CEC, and MEKC) have been widely used for enantioselective purposes employing a variety of chiral selectors, e.g. CDs, polysaccharides, macrocyclic antibiotics, proteins, chiral ion-paring agents, etc. The high separation efficiency, rapid analysi,s and low consumption of reagents of electromigration methods make them a very attractive alternative to the conventional chromatographic methods. In this review, the development and applications of electrodriven methods for the enantioseparation of β-blocker drugs are reported. The papers concerning this topic, published from January 2000 until December 2010, are summarised here. Particular attention is given to the coupling of chiral CE and CEC methods to MS, as this detector provides high sensitivity and selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeineb Aturki
- Istituto di Metodologie Chimiche, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Area della Ricerca di Roma, Monterotondo Scalo, Rome, Italy
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Marini RD, Rozet E, Montes MLA, Rohrbasser C, Roht S, Rhème D, Bonnabry P, Schappler J, Veuthey JL, Hubert P, Rudaz S. Reliable low-cost capillary electrophoresis device for drug quality control and counterfeit medicines. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2010; 53:1278-87. [PMID: 20719445 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2010.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2010] [Revised: 07/12/2010] [Accepted: 07/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The proportion of counterfeit medicines is dramatically increasing these last few years. According to numerous official sources, in some pharmaceutical wholesalers in African countries, the proportion has reached 80%. Unfortunately, this situation is far to be improved due to lack of suitable analytical equipment allowing rapid actions of the Regulatory Agencies based on scientific consideration, at affordable cost and all over the drug supply chain. For that purpose, a network group considered that mater by building a low-cost original capillary electrophoresis (CE) equipment equipped with a new deep UV detector based on LED technology. The generic conditions for analysis were investigated: capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) performed at acidic pH for basic drug molecules (i.e., quinine, highly used as the last antimalarial rampart), basic pH for compounds such as furosemide (a common diuretic drug) and at neutral pH for a well known antibiotic combination, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazol. To evaluate the ability of the CE equipment for quantification, a full validation and a method comparison study were carried out for the CZE method dedicated to quinine determination. The validation involved the use of accuracy profile and total error concept to monitor the adequacy of the results obtained by the new prototype. The method comparison was based on the Bland and Altman approach by comparing results obtained by the low-cost CE and a conventional set-up. Subsequent validation studies were realized with neutral and acidic drug molecules, each focusing on a single concentration level calibration curve in order to maintain as low as possible the expenses due to reagents and thus the cost of analysis, as important advantages of CE for drug quality control.
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Affiliation(s)
- R D Marini
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Centre Interfacultaire de Recherche du Médicament, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Liège, CHU, B36, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
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24
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Servais AC, Rousseau A, Fillet M, Lomsadze K, Salgado A, Crommen J, Chankvetadze B. Separation of propranolol enantiomers by CE using sulfated beta-CD derivatives in aqueous and non-aqueous electrolytes: comparative CE and NMR study. Electrophoresis 2010; 31:1467-74. [PMID: 20358548 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200900738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Separations using CE employing non-aqueous BGE are already as well established as separations in aqueous buffers. The separation mechanisms in achiral CE with non-aqueous BGEs are most likely similar to those in aqueous buffers. However, for the separation of enantiomers involving their interaction with chiral buffer additives, the interaction mechanisms might be very different in aqueous and non-aqueous BGEs. While the hypothesis regarding distinct mechanisms of enantiomer separations in aqueous and non-aqueous BGEs has been mentioned in several papers, no direct proof of this hypothesis has been reported to date. In the present study, the enantiomers of propranolol were resolved using CE in aqueous and non-aqueous methanolic BGEs with two single isomer sulfated derivatives of beta-CD, namely heptakis (2,3-diacetyl-6-sulfo)-beta-CD and heptakis (2,3-dimethyl-6-sulfo)-beta-CD. The enantiomer migration order of propranolol was inverted when an aqueous BGE was replaced with non-aqueous BGE in the case of heptakis (2,3-dimethyl-6-sulfo)-beta-CD but remained the same in the case of heptakis (2,3-diacetyl-6-sulfo)-beta-CD. The possible molecular mechanisms leading to this reversal of enantiomer migration order were studied by using nuclear overhauser effect spectroscopy in both aqueous and non-aqueous BGEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Catherine Servais
- Department of Analytical Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Liège, CHU, Liège, Belgium
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25
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Zhang X, Zhao X, Zhang C, Yang L, Xiong X, Zhou Y, Yang Y, Duan J. Accuracy Profile Theory for the Validation of an LC–MS-MS Method for the Determination of Risperidone and 9-Hydroxyrisperidone in Human Plasma. Chromatographia 2010. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-010-1580-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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26
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Rousseau A, Gillotin F, Chiap P, Crommen J, Fillet M, Servais AC. Association of two single-isomer anionic CD in NACE for the chiral and achiral separation of fenbendazole, its sulphoxide and sulphone metabolites: application to their determination after in vitro metabolism. Electrophoresis 2010; 31:1482-7. [PMID: 20376816 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200900723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
A NACE method was developed for the separation of fenbendazole (FBZ), a prochiral drug giving rise to chiral (oxfendazole or OFZ) and nonchiral (FBZ sulphone or FBZSO(2)) metabolites. First, the effect of the nature and the concentration of CD as well as that of the acidic BGE on the enantiomeric separation of OFZ were studied. OFZ enantiomers were completely resolved using a BGE made up of 10 mM ammonium formate and 0.5 M TFA in methanol containing 10 mM heptakis(2,3-di-O-acetyl-6-O-sulfo)-beta-CD and 10 mM heptakis(2,3-di-O-methyl-6-O-sulfo)-beta-CD. Moreover, the NACE method was found to be particularly well suited to the simultaneous determination of FBZ, OFZ enantiomers, and FBZSO(2). Thiabendazole was selected as an internal standard. The CD-NACE potential was then evaluated for in vitro metabolism studies using FBZ as a model case. The OFZ enantiomers and FBZSO(2) could be detected after incubation of FBZ in the phenobarbital-induced male rat liver microsomes systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Rousseau
- Department of Analytical Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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27
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Zhang X, Duan J, Zhai S, Yang Y, Yang L. Performance of tiloronoxim and tilorone determination in human blood by HPLC-MS/MS: method validation, uncertainty assessment and its application to a pharmacokinetic study. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2010; 878:492-6. [PMID: 20044316 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2009.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2009] [Revised: 12/10/2009] [Accepted: 12/10/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A highly sensitive and selective HPLC-MS/MS method is presented for the quantitative determination of tiloronoxim and its metabolite tilorone in human blood. An aliquot of 200 microl human blood was extracted with a mixture of chloroform/ethyl ether (1/2, v/v), using metoprolol as the internal standard (the IS). Separation was achieved on an Xterra MS C18 column (50 mm x 2.1 mm, 5 microm) with a gradient mobile phase of methanol/water containing 15 mM ammonium bicarbonate (pH 10.5). Detection was performed using positive MRM mode on a TurboIonSpray source. The mass transitions monitored were m/z 426.3-->100.0, m/z 411.3-->100.0 and m/z 268.3-->116.1 for tiloronoxim, tilorone and the IS, respectively. The method was fully validated using total error theory, which is based on beta-expectation tolerance intervals and include trueness and intermediate precision. The method was found to be accurate over a concentration range of 1-100 ng/ml for both compounds. The measurement uncertainty based on beta-expectation tolerance intervals was assessed at each concentration level of the validation standards. This method was successively applied to a pharmacokinetic study of tiloronoxim in healthy volunteers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianhua Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Rd., Beijing 100191, PR China
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28
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Chankvetadze B. Separation of enantiomers with charged chiral selectors in CE. Electrophoresis 2009; 30 Suppl 1:S211-21. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200900102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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29
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Liu X, Dahdouh F, Salgado M, Gomez FA. Recent Advances in Affinity Capillary Electrophoresis (2007). J Pharm Sci 2009; 98:394-410. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.21452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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31
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Scriba GKEV. Cyclodextrins in capillary electrophoresis enantioseparations--recent developments and applications. J Sep Sci 2008; 31:1991-2011. [PMID: 18491357 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200800095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Capillary EKC has been established as a versatile and robust CE method for the separation of enantiomers. Within the chiral selectors added to the BGE CDs continue as the most widely used selectors due to their structural variety and commercial availability. This is reflected in the large number of practical applications of CDs to analytical enantioseparations that have been reported between January 2006 and January 2008, the period of time covered by this review. Most of these applications cover aspects of life sciences such as drug analysis, bioanalysis, environmental analysis, or food analysis. Moreover, new CD derivatives have been developed in an attempt to achieve altered enantioselectivities and to further broaden the application range. Finally, efforts will be summarized that aim at an understanding of the molecular level of the chiral recognition between CDs and the analytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard K E V Scriba
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University, Philosophenweg 14, D-07743 Jena, Germany.
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32
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Zhang H, Shao H, A Y, Zhang Z. Optimized Conditions of Enantioseparation of β-Blockers by CZE Using Carboxymethyl-β-Cyclodextrin as Chiral Selector. Chromatographia 2008. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-008-0747-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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33
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Juvancz Z, Kendrovics RB, Iványi R, Szente L. The role of cyclodextrins in chiral capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2008; 29:1701-12. [PMID: 18421743 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200700657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The members of the enantiomeric pairs frequently show rather different biological effects, so their chiral selective synthesis, pharmacological studies and analysis are necessary. CE has unique advantages in chiral analysis. The most frequently used chiral selectors are CDs in this field. This paper gives a short view on the advantages on CE in direct chiral separations, emphasizing the role of CDs. The reason for the broad selectivity spectra of CDs is discussed in detail. The physical background of chiral selective separations is briefly shown in CE. Their interaction mechanisms are shortly defined. The general trend of their use is statistically evaluated. Most frequently used CDs and CD derivatives are characterized. Advantages of ionizable CDs and single-isomer derivatives are shown. The general trend of their use is established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltán Juvancz
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Budapest Tech. Polytechnical Institution, Budapest, Hungary.
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34
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Hubert P, Nguyen-Huu JJ, Boulanger B, Chapuzet E, Cohen N, Compagnon PA, Dewé W, Feinberg M, Laurentie M, Mercier N, Muzard G, Valat L, Rozet E. Harmonization of strategies for the validation of quantitative analytical procedures: a SFSTP proposal part IV. Examples of application. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2008; 48:760-71. [PMID: 18768284 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2008.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2008] [Accepted: 07/21/2008] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A harmonized approach for the validation of analytical methods based on accuracy profile was introduced by a SFSTP commission on the validation of analytical procedure. This fourth and last document aims at illustrating this methodology and the statistics used. Therefore the validation of real case methods are proposed such as methods for the quality control of drugs, for the quantitation of impurities in drug substances, for bioanalysis or for the determination of nutriments. Furthermore, different types of analytical methods are used in order to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed approach to a wide range of methods such as liquid chromatography (LC-UV, LC-MS), spectrophotometry or ELISA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ph Hubert
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Bioanalytical Chemistry Research Unit, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Liège, CHU, B36, B-4000 Liège, Belgium.
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35
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Wang Z, Ouyang J, Baeyens WR. Recent developments of enantioseparation techniques for adrenergic drugs using liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis: A review. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2008; 862:1-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2007.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2007] [Revised: 10/20/2007] [Accepted: 11/23/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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36
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7 Overview of current regulatory guidance. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s0149-6395(07)00007-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
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37
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Cserháti T. New applications of cyclodextrins in electrically driven chromatographic systems: a review. Biomed Chromatogr 2008; 22:563-71. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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38
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Bodson C, Rozet E, Ziemons E, Evrard B, Hubert P, Delattre L. Validation of manufacturing process of Diltiazem HCl tablets by NIR spectrophotometry (NIRS). J Pharm Biomed Anal 2007; 45:356-61. [PMID: 17628385 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2007.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2007] [Revised: 05/13/2007] [Accepted: 05/14/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to apply the Process Analytical Technology FDA's initiative in pharmaceutical tablets manufacturing. Near Infrared Spectrophotometry (NIRS) was used as a non-destructive, very fast technique requiring no sample preparation. Direct compression powder blends containing Diltiazem HCl as a model drug were pressed into tablets for the calibration and the validation steps. First, a partial least squares model was built to calibrate the NIR spectrometer. Then, this model was validated and compared with a validated UV spectrophotometry reference method. For this comparison, the Bland and Altman's statistical method was applied. The manufacturing process was validated by producing three batches at three different concentration levels. The NIR analysis of these batches was performed during 3 days. This study shows that NIRS can be used to validate the whole manufacturing process and not only as an analytical method for tablets assay. NIRS is an interesting tool to show possible variations during the manufacturing process which could lead the finished product to fall outside of specifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Bodson
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Liege, 1 Avenue de l'Hôpital, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
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39
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Affiliation(s)
- R K Gilpin
- Brehm Research Laboratory, University Park, Wright State University, Fairborn, Ohio 45324-2031, USA
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40
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De Beer TRM, Baeyens WRG, Vermeire A, Broes D, Remon JP, Vervaet C. Raman spectroscopic method for the determination of medroxyprogesterone acetate in a pharmaceutical suspension: validation of quantifying abilities, uncertainty assessment and comparison with the high performance liquid chromatography reference method. Anal Chim Acta 2007; 589:192-9. [PMID: 17418181 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2007.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2007] [Revised: 02/27/2007] [Accepted: 03/01/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
An alternative fast and non-destructive validated Raman spectroscopic analytical procedure, requiring no sample preparation, was compared with the industrially applied HPLC reference method (Pfizer Manufacturing Belgium) for the quantitative determination of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) in DepoProvera suspensions (150 mg mL(-1), Pfizer). The Raman calibration model was developed by plotting the peak intensity of the baseline-corrected and normalized spectral band (corrected by external standard measurements) between 1595 and 1620 cm(-1) against known MPA concentrations in standards. At this band, no spectral interferences from the suspension medium are observed. The most suitable model for the calibration data (straight line or higher order polynomial) was determined by evaluating the fit and predictive properties of the models. In a second step, the developed Raman spectroscopic analytical method was validated by calculating the accuracy profile on the basis of the analysis results of validation samples. Furthermore, based on the data of the accuracy profile, the measurement uncertainty was determined. Finally, as the aim of the alternative method is to replace the destructive, time-consuming HPLC method, requiring sample preparation, it needs to be demonstrated that the new Raman method performs at least as good as the HPLC method. Therefore, the performance (precision and bias) of both methods was compared. A second order polynomial calibration curve through the calibration data supplies the best predictive properties and gives an acceptable fit. From the accuracy profile, it was concluded that at the target concentration (150 mg mL(-1)), 95 out 100 future routine measurements will be included within the acceptance limits (5%). Comparison of the alternative method with the reference method at the target concentration indicates that the Raman method performs at least as good as the HPLC method for precision (repeatability and intermediate precision) and bias. The fast and non-destructive Raman method hence provides an alternative for the destructive and time-consuming HPLC procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- T R M De Beer
- Laboratory of Drug Quality Control, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Ghent University, Harelbekestraat 72, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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41
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Hedeland Y, Lehtinen J, Pettersson C. Ketopinic acid and diisoproylideneketogulonic acid as chiral ion-pair selectors in capillary electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1141:287-94. [PMID: 17187814 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2006.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2006] [Revised: 11/30/2006] [Accepted: 12/01/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
1S,4R-(+)-ketopinic acid [(+)-KPA] has been introduced as a chiral selector for the separation of pharmacologically active amines by non-aqueous capillary electrophoresis (NACE). (+)-KPA gave enantioresolution for most of the compounds previously separated by 2R,3S,4R,5S-(-)-2,3:4,6-di-O-isopropylidene-2-keto-L-gulonic acid [(-)-DIKGA], but with a reversed migration order. A complete enantioresolution (Rs=4.2) was obtained for timolol, a compound that could not be resolved using (-)-DIKGA as the selector. Thus, (+)-KPA was evaluated for the enantiomeric purity determination of S-timolol. A method based on pre-concentration by transient isotachophoresis (tITP) provided a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.2% R-timolol in S-timolol samples. Because of the lack of enantioresolution of ephedrine when (+)-KPA was used as the selector, a method with (-)-DIKGA has been developed and validated for determination of the enantiomeric purity of the 1R,2S enantiomer. The method gave good precision and accuracy with an LOD (S/N=3) of 0.033% for the enantiomeric impurity 1S,2R-ephedrine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ylva Hedeland
- Division of Analytical Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Uppsala University, Biomedical Centre, Box 574, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
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42
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Performances of a multidimensional on-line SPE-LC-ECD method for the determination of three major catecholamines in native human urine: Validation, risk and uncertainty assessments. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2006; 844:251-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2006.07.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2006] [Revised: 07/07/2006] [Accepted: 07/13/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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43
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Marini RD, Rozet E, Vander Heyden Y, Ziemons E, Boulanger B, Bouklouze A, Servais AC, Fillet M, Crommen J, Hubert P. Robustness testing of a chiral NACE method for R-timolol determination in S-timolol maleate and uncertainty assessment from quantitative data. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2006; 44:640-51. [PMID: 17010553 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2006.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2006] [Accepted: 08/24/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A robustness test of a capillary electrophoresis method for the chiral separation of timolol in nonaqueous acidified media was performed. A two-level Plackett-Burman design was applied in which one qualitative and six quantitative factors were examined. Resolution, migration times and relative migration times to pyridoxine (selected as internal standard) were examined as qualitative responses to evaluate electrophoretic performance. A quantitative response, the content of R-timolol in S-timolol maleate sample, was also considered. Even though some significant factor effects were observed on the qualitative responses, it was still possible to quantify the R-timolol in the S-timolol maleate samples properly. The quantitative response was not significantly affected by the selected factors, demonstrating the robustness of the procedure. However, the use of different HDMS-beta-CD batches seemed to affect both types of responses necessitating to introduce a warning in the procedure. Since the experiments of the Plackett-Burman design can be assimilated to laboratories in an interlaboratory study, uncertainty can be evaluated using the robustness test data. The robustness test was set-up in such a way that the required variances could be estimated.
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Affiliation(s)
- R D Marini
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Liège, CHU, B36, B-4000 Liege 1, Belgium
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