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Vo PHN, Ky Le G, Huy LN, Zheng L, Chaiwong C, Nguyen NN, Nguyen HTM, Ralph PJ, Kuzhiumparambil U, Soroosh D, Toft S, Madsen C, Kim M, Fenstermacher J, Hai HTN, Duan H, Tscharke B. Occurrence, spatiotemporal trends, fate, and treatment technologies for microplastics and organic contaminants in biosolids: A review. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 466:133471. [PMID: 38266587 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
This review provides a comprehensive overview of the occurrence, fate, treatment and multi-criteria analysis of microplastics (MPs) and organic contaminants (OCs) in biosolids. A meta-analysis was complementarily analysed through the literature to map out the occurrence and fate of MPs and 10 different groups of OCs. The data demonstrate that MPs (54.7% occurrence rate) and linear alkylbenzene sulfonate surfactants (44.2% occurrence rate) account for the highest prevalence of contaminants in biosolids. In turn, dioxin, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and phosphorus flame retardants (PFRs) have the lowest rates (<0.01%). The occurrence of several OCs (e.g., dioxin, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, pharmaceutical and personal care products, ultraviolet filters, phosphate flame retardants) in Europe appear at higher rates than in Asia and the Americas. However, MP concentrations in biosolids from Australia are reported to be 10 times higher than in America and Europe, which required more measurement data for in-depth analysis. Amongst the OC groups, brominated flame retardants exhibited exceptional sorption to biosolids with partitioning coefficients (log Kd) higher than 4. To remove these contaminants from biosolids, a wide range of technologies have been developed. Our multicriteria analysis shows that anaerobic digestion is the most mature and practical. Thermal treatment is a viable option; however, it still requires additional improvements in infrastructure, legislation, and public acceptance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phong H N Vo
- Climate Change Cluster, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia.
| | - Gia Ky Le
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Lai Nguyen Huy
- Environmental Engineering and Management, Asian Institute of Technology (AIT), Klong Luang, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Lei Zheng
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China; Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, QLD 4103, Australia
| | - Chawalit Chaiwong
- Environmental Engineering and Management, Asian Institute of Technology (AIT), Klong Luang, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Nam Nhat Nguyen
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Hong T M Nguyen
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, QLD 4103, Australia
| | - Peter J Ralph
- Climate Change Cluster, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Unnikrishnan Kuzhiumparambil
- Climate Change Cluster, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Danaee Soroosh
- Biotechnology Department, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology, Tehran 3353-5111, Iran
| | - Sonja Toft
- Urban Utilities, Level 10/31 Duncan St, Fortitude Valley, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Craig Madsen
- Urban Utilities, Level 10/31 Duncan St, Fortitude Valley, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Mikael Kim
- Climate Change Cluster, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | | | - Ho Truong Nam Hai
- Faculty of Environment, University of Science, 227 Nguyen Van Cu Street, District 5, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Viet Nam
| | - Haoran Duan
- Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Ben Tscharke
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, QLD 4103, Australia
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Mofijur M, Hasan MM, Ahmed SF, Djavanroodi F, Fattah IMR, Silitonga AS, Kalam MA, Zhou JL, Khan TMY. Advances in identifying and managing emerging contaminants in aquatic ecosystems: Analytical approaches, toxicity assessment, transformation pathways, environmental fate, and remediation strategies. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 341:122889. [PMID: 37972679 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Emerging contaminants (ECs) are increasingly recognized as threats to human health and ecosystems. This review evaluates advanced analytical methods, particularly mass spectrometry, for detecting ECs and understanding their toxicity, transformation pathways, and environmental distribution. Our findings underscore the reliability of current techniques and the potential of upcoming methods. The adverse effects of ECs on aquatic life necessitate both in vitro and in vivo toxicity assessments. Evaluating the distribution and degradation of ECs reveals that they undergo physical, chemical, and biological transformations. Remediation strategies such as advanced oxidation, adsorption, and membrane bioreactors effectively treat EC-contaminated waters, with combinations of these techniques showing the highest efficacy. To minimize the impact of ECs, a proactive approach involving monitoring, regulations, and public education is vital. Future research should prioritize the refining of detection methods and formulation of robust policies for EC management.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mofijur
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia.
| | - M M Hasan
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia; School of Engineering and Technology, Central Queensland University, QLD, 4701, Australia
| | - Shams Forruque Ahmed
- Science and Math Program, Asian University for Women, Chattogram, 4000, Bangladesh
| | - F Djavanroodi
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University, Al Khobar, 31952, Saudi Arabia
| | - I M R Fattah
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - A S Silitonga
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - M A Kalam
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - John L Zhou
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia; Centre for Green Technology, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - T M Yunus Khan
- Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
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Lai X, Ning XA, Zhang Y, Li Y, Li R, Chen J, Wu S. Treatment of simulated textile sludge using the Fenton/Cl - system: The roles of chlorine radicals and superoxide anions on PAHs removal. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 197:110997. [PMID: 33713713 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.110997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The main content of this work is to investigate the removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs: phenanthrene, anthracene, and fluoranthene) from simulated sludge solid phase employing an Fenton/Cl- system under various Cl- contents and pH values. The steady-state concentrations of the hydroxyl, chlorine, and dichloride anion radicals ([·OH]ss, [·Cl]ss, and [Cl2·-]ss) in heterogeneous system were first measured using tert-butanol, nitrobenzene, and benzoic acid. The outcomes exhibited that increasing the Cl- content from 50 to 2000 mg/L (pH = 3.0) or raising the pH from 3.0 to 5.0 (1000 mg/L Cl-) caused [·OH]ss to continuously decrease and [Cl2·-]ss and the concentration of superoxide anions (HO2·/O2·-) to continuously increase. When the pH was 3.0 and the Cl- concentration was 1000 mg/L, [·Cl]ss had a maximum value of 9.27 × 10-14 M. Combining the results of PAH removal, radical quenching, and product analysis, it was found that ·Cl in the Fenton/Cl- system promoted the oxidative degradation of phenanthrene without forming chlorination byproducts. Furthermore, HO2·/O2·- was helpful in removing anthracene and fluoranthene. Under the environment of high Cl- content (≥1000 mg/L), PAHs could be removed more effectively by using HO2·/O2·-. This investigation underpins further study on the regulation of reactive species and the efficient degradation of target organic matter in Fenton/Cl- system, and provides a basis for studying the formation of chlorinated or toxic byproducts in the process of treating textile dyeing sludge by Fenton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Lai
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xun-An Ning
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Yaping Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yang Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Riwen Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jiayi Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Shiyin Wu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
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Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Their Methylated Derivatives in Sewage Sludge from Northeastern China: Occurrence, Profiles and Toxicity Evaluation. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26092739. [PMID: 34066594 PMCID: PMC8124507 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper assesses the occurrence, distribution, source, and toxicity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and their methylated form (Me-PAHs) in sewage sludge from 10 WWTPs in Northeastern China was noted. The concentrations of ∑PAHs, ∑Me-PAHs ranged from 567 to 5040 and 48.1 to 479 ng.g−1dw, which is greater than the safety limit for sludge in agriculture in China. High and low molecular weight 4 and 2-ring PAHs and Me-PAHs in sludge were prevalent. The flux of sludge PAHs and Me-PAHs released from ten WWTPs, in Heilongjiang province, was calculated to be over 100 kg/year. Principal component analysis (PCA), diagnostic ratios and positive matrix factorization (PMF) determined a similar mixed pyrogenic and petrogenic source of sewage sludge. The average values of Benzo[a]pyrene was below the safe value of 600 ng.g−1 dependent on an incremental lifetime cancer risk ILCR of 10−6. Sludge is an important source for the transfer of pollutants into the environment, such as PAHs and Me-PAHs. Consequently, greater consideration should be given to its widespread occurrence.
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Portet-Koltalo F, Tian Y, Berger-Brito I, Benamar A, Boulangé-Lecomte C, Machour N. Determination of multi-class polyaromatic compounds in sediments by a simple modified matrix solid phase dispersive extraction. Talanta 2021; 221:121601. [PMID: 33076132 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A simple, efficient matrix solid phase dispersive extraction (MSPD) method was optimised to analyse simultaneously polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs) from sediments, and was compared to microwave-assisted extraction (MAE). New dispersing agents were tested to improve MSPD extraction. 3-chloropropyl-bonded silica particles, in addition to Florisil, increased significantly the polyaromatics desorption capacity. A compromise was found for eluting both families of compounds from sediments, using a small volume of hexane/acetone. Low procedural detection limits could be reached (0.06-0.22 ng g-1 and 0.3-1.1 ng g-1 for PAHs and PCBs, respectively). Mean total extraction recoveries were good for PAHs (>67%, depending on the sediment) and for PCBs (>89%), with good precision (6-9% and 4-10% inter-day precision for PAHs and PCBs, respectively). Higher recoveries for PCBs could be reached in comparison with formerly developed sonication or Soxhlet extraction methods, but also with MAE. MSPD offered significant decrease of sample amount, of solvent consumption and allowed more efficient cleaning of the sediment matrix, leading to less matrix effects compared to MAE, removing lots of interfering compounds without additional purification step. The robustness of the MSPD methodology could be demonstrated extracting quantitatively sediments from different sources and with various mineralogical characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Portet-Koltalo
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, COBRA Laboratory UMR CNRS 6014, 55 Rue Saint Germain, 27000, Evreux, France.
| | - Y Tian
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, COBRA Laboratory UMR CNRS 6014, 55 Rue Saint Germain, 27000, Evreux, France; Normandie University, ULHN, LOMC Laboratory UMR CNRS 6294, FR CNRS 3730 SCALE, 53 Rue de Prony, 76600, Le Havre, France.
| | - I Berger-Brito
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, COBRA Laboratory UMR CNRS 6014, 55 Rue Saint Germain, 27000, Evreux, France.
| | - A Benamar
- Normandie University, ULHN, LOMC Laboratory UMR CNRS 6294, FR CNRS 3730 SCALE, 53 Rue de Prony, 76600, Le Havre, France.
| | - C Boulangé-Lecomte
- Normandie University, ULHN, SEBIO Laboratory UMR-I 02, FR CNRS 3730 SCALE, BP 1123, F-76063, Le Havre, France.
| | - N Machour
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, COBRA Laboratory UMR CNRS 6014, 55 Rue Saint Germain, 27000, Evreux, France.
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Khillare PS, Sattawan VK, Jyethi DS. Profile of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in digested sewage sludge. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2020; 41:842-851. [PMID: 30118384 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2018.1512654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
One of the methods of sludge disposal in cities is its use as an amendment in adjoining agricultural soil. Contaminants in sludge can, however, nullify the benefits. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a class of persistent organic pollutants, if present, can pose health risks by virtue of their carcinogenic potential and persistence in soil. The present study deals with profile analysis of PAHs in digested sewage sludge of a megacity, Delhi. Mean concentration of the sum of 16 PAHs in the sludge from 5 sewage treatment plants (STPs) was 20.67 ± 4.14 mg/kg, dry weight (dw). Carcinogenic PAHs represented ∼47% of the total PAHs. Benzo[g,h,i]perylene recorded the highest mean concentration followed by dibenzo[a,h]anthracene. Low molecular weight PAHs and high molecular weight PAHs contributed 19% and 81% to total PAHs content respectively. Principal component analysis identified the major sources of PAHs in sludge as coal and natural gas combustion. Wood combustion, oil and oil derivatives are the other identified sources. The observed PAH levels in sludge from selected STPs of Delhi were found to violate the limit values proposed by the European Union and the US legislation for application in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- P S Khillare
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - V K Sattawan
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - D S Jyethi
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
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Caritá R, Mazzeo DEC, Marin-Morales MA. Comparison of the toxicogenetic potential of sewage sludges from different treatment processes focusing agricultural use. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:21475-21483. [PMID: 31127510 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05453-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A problem that has been dragging in recent decades is the final disposal of the waste produced in the wastewater treatment process. In addition to its high amount of organic matter and nutrients, this waste, known as sewage sludge (SS), may also contain toxic compounds that, when in the environment, can cause deleterious effects to organisms and lead to severe and irreversible consequences to human health. In order to understand the potential of inducing cellular and chromosomal instabilities, the species Allium cepa was employed to assess the presence of toxic agents in SS samples. Seeds of A. cepa were exposed to several dilutions of aqueous extract of SSs from 5 wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), whose characteristics of treated sewage and the technologies employed differ among them. The results obtained showed that all the studied SSs induced significant genotoxic and mutagenic alterations, even in smaller dilutions tested. With these results, it was also possible to observe that SSs from WWTPs that present system of activated sludge and receive sewage of industrial origin induced a greater number of toxicogenetic alterations in the test organism. The high frequencies of chromosomal and nuclear aberrations observed, induced by contaminants present in the SS, represent worrying results because it proves a direct action of this agent on the genetic material of the exposed organism. Therefore, the agronomic application of SS in agriculture requires additional and more effective technologies in order to promote its complete decontamination and its safe disposal in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Caritá
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences, UNESP - São Paulo State University, Av. 24-A, 1515, CP 199, Rio Claro, SP, 13506-900, Brazil
| | - Dânia Elisa Christofoletti Mazzeo
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Institute of Biosciences, UNESP - São Paulo State University, Av. 24-A, 1515, Rio Claro, SP, 13506-900, Brazil
| | - Maria Aparecida Marin-Morales
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences, UNESP - São Paulo State University, Av. 24-A, 1515, CP 199, Rio Claro, SP, 13506-900, Brazil.
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Solid phase extraction technique as a general field of application of molecularly imprinted polymer materials. COMPREHENSIVE ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.coac.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Abstract
Currently, sewage sludge management is a huge challenge in the field of environmental engineering. New effective solutions for the treatment of wastewater led to an improvement of the quality of the final effluent but considerably increased the volume of produced sewage sludge, which increases each year. Two points of view conflict regarding the recycling of those “wastes.” Primarily, dehydrated sewage sludge is considered a reservoir of nutrients and organic matter that can be used as a fertilizer in agriculture or as an organic amendment in the remediation of contaminated sites or to build “anthroposoils.” On the other hand, recycled sewage sludge is seen as a potential source of soil contamination by organic and inorganic pollutants and pathogens; potentially toxic elements (such as zinc, copper, cadmium, lead, silver, etc.); polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH); polychlorobiphenyls (PCB); biocides and phytopharmaceuticals; pharmaceuticals, personal care products (PPCP), and residuals; synthetic hormones; microplastics; nanotechnology life cycle end products; and microorganisms such as Escherichia coli O157:H7 or Salmonella typhimurium. This chapter will focus on these aspects, highlighting the health and ecotoxicological risks associated with the presence of such contaminants in sludge. The environmental dangers of sludge spreading on soils will be presented as well as their possible treatment scenarios to propose an acceptable reuse of sewage sludge in a circular economy.
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Zhang L, Gionfriddo E, Acquaro V, Pawliszyn J. Direct immersion solid-phase microextraction analysis of multi-class contaminants in edible seaweeds by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1031:83-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.05.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Du LJ, Huang JP, Wang B, Wang CH, Wang QY, Hu YH, Yi L, Cao J, Peng LQ, Chen YB, Zhang QD. Carbon molecular sieve based micro-matrix-solid-phase dispersion for the extraction of polyphenols in pomegranate peel by UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS. Electrophoresis 2018; 39:2218-2227. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201800045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 05/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jing Du
- College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Hangzhou Normal University; Hangzhou Zhejiang P. R. China
| | - Jian-Ping Huang
- Alibaba Business School; Hangzhou Normal University; Hangzhou Zhejiang P. R. China
| | - Bin Wang
- Lianyungang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Lianyungang Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Chen-Hui Wang
- College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Hangzhou Normal University; Hangzhou Zhejiang P. R. China
| | - Qiu-Yan Wang
- College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Hangzhou Normal University; Hangzhou Zhejiang P. R. China
| | - Yu-Han Hu
- College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Hangzhou Normal University; Hangzhou Zhejiang P. R. China
| | - Ling Yi
- Drug Clinical Trial Institution; The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University; Suzhou Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Jun Cao
- College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Hangzhou Normal University; Hangzhou Zhejiang P. R. China
| | - Li-Qing Peng
- College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Hangzhou Normal University; Hangzhou Zhejiang P. R. China
| | - Yu-Bo Chen
- College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Hangzhou Normal University; Hangzhou Zhejiang P. R. China
| | - Qi-Dong Zhang
- College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Hangzhou Normal University; Hangzhou Zhejiang P. R. China
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Sun S, Jia L, Li B, Yuan A, Kong L, Qi H, Ma W, Zhang A, Wu Y. The occurrence and fate of PAHs over multiple years in a wastewater treatment plant of Harbin, Northeast China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 624:491-498. [PMID: 29268221 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence and fate of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were investigated in wastewater, sludge and surrounding air from the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in Harbin, Northeast China. The concentration of total PAHs in the influent, effluent and sludge were 4080ng/L, 864ng/L and 8200ng/gdw, respectively. The total concentration of PAHs showed a trend of first rising, and then decreasing over years in the influent, effluent and sludge, which was in agreement with the usage of coal and oil in Harbin. The level of PAHs was 26-560ng/m3 in air from site 1 (the top of the A/O tank), 62-608ng/m3 in air from site 2 (the vicinity of the WWTP) and 61-686ng/m3 in air from site 3 (the urban district of Harbin). In the influent and effluent, the mean concentration of PAHs followed the sequence of summer>winter>autumn>spring, while the sequence was winter>summer>autumn>spring in sludge and air. Rainfall may be the main reason for higher contamination in summer. Coal fired central heating and indoor dust may be reasons for higher PAHs in winter. The mean removal efficiency of total PAHs was approximately 85% (20% of which was adsorbed onto sludge, and 65% volatilized into air or degraded by biodegradation), and 15% of PAHs were discharged through the effluent. There was approximately 6240kg of PAHs imported into the WWTP every year, 1005kg discharged into the Songhua River through the effluent, and 327kg absorbed onto sludge and the rest was degraded or volatilized into air. PCA was applied to identify the sources of PAHs for both heating and non-heating seasons. In general, coal combustion was the main source of PAHs during the heating season and vehicle exhaust was the main source of PAHs during the non-heating season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaojing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Linran Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Bo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Anni Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Lingjun Kong
- Wudalianchi Environmental Monitoring Station, Heilongjiang 164155, China
| | - Hong Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
| | - Wanli Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Anping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Yining Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
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Ncube S, Madikizela L, Cukrowska E, Chimuka L. Recent advances in the adsorbents for isolation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from environmental sample solutions. Trends Analyt Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2017.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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14
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Ncube S, Lekoto G, Cukrowska E, Chimuka L. Development and optimisation of a novel three-way extraction technique based on a combination of Soxhlet extraction, membrane assisted solvent extraction and a molecularly imprinted polymer using sludge polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons as model compounds. J Sep Sci 2017; 41:918-928. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201701216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Somandla Ncube
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry; University of Witwatersrand; Johannesburg South Africa
| | - Goitsemang Lekoto
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry; University of Witwatersrand; Johannesburg South Africa
- National Metrology Institute of South Africa; Pretoria South Africa
| | - Ewa Cukrowska
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry; University of Witwatersrand; Johannesburg South Africa
| | - Luke Chimuka
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry; University of Witwatersrand; Johannesburg South Africa
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15
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Moeder M, Carranza-Diaz O, López-Angulo G, Vega-Aviña R, Chávez-Durán FA, Jomaa S, Winkler U, Schrader S, Reemtsma T, Delgado-Vargas F. Potential of vegetated ditches to manage organic pollutants derived from agricultural runoff and domestic sewage: A case study in Sinaloa (Mexico). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 598:1106-1115. [PMID: 28482458 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.04.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 04/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This case study presents the fate of selected organic, priority and emerging pollutants along a 3.6km sector of a vegetated, agricultural ditch situated in Sinaloa (Mexico). The ditch receives runoff of agriculture and domestic wastewater from an adjacent community. During 2013, the occurrence of 38 organic pollutants (pesticides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), artificial sweeteners and pharmaceutical residues) was monitored monthly at five selected points in the ditch water. Additionally, sediment and Typha domingensis (cattail) plants were collected in March, June, and September 2013 and investigated concerning their ability to absorb and accumulate pollutants. The concentrations of the selected pollutants in the ditch water ranged from sub ngL-1 (metolachlor, atrazine) to μgL-1 (metalaxyl, acesulfame). The metabolites endosulfan sulfate and endosulfan lactone exceeded mostly the concentration of the precursor insecticide endosulfan. Sorption on sediments was of minor relevance for accumulation of pollutants in the ditch system. Concentrations in the sediments varied seasonally and ranged from 0.2 to 12,432μgkg-1 dry weight (d.w.). T. domingensis accumulated ten of the studied pollutants mainly in roots (5-1065μgkg-1 d.w.). Overall, the monitoring results of the ditch compartments indicated that downstream the concentrations of the target pollutants decreased. Under no-flow conditions in the hot season, the ditch revealed a noticeable potential to mitigate pollutants. Among the high microbial activity in the water and the subtropical climate conditions, the ditch vegetation contributed to natural attenuation of the selected pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Moeder
- UFZ-Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Otoniel Carranza-Diaz
- Marine Sciences Faculty, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Paseo Claussen S/N, Col. Centro, CP 82000 Mazatlán, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Gabriela López-Angulo
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, CP 80010 Culiacán, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Rito Vega-Aviña
- Facultad de Agronomía, UAS, Carretera Culiacán-El Dorado km 17.5, CP 80000 Culiacán, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Francisco Armando Chávez-Durán
- Comisión Nacional del Agua, Organismo de Cuenca Pacífico Norte, Dirección de Infraestructura Hidroagrícola, Ingeniería de Riego y Drenaje Distrito de Riego 010 Culiacán-Humaya, Mexico
| | - Seifeddine Jomaa
- UFZ-Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research, Department of Aquatic Ecosystem Analysis and Management, Brueckstrasse 3a, 39114 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Ursula Winkler
- UFZ-Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Steffi Schrader
- UFZ-Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thorsten Reemtsma
- UFZ-Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Francisco Delgado-Vargas
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, CP 80010 Culiacán, Sinaloa, Mexico
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16
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Soares KL, Cerqueira MBR, Caldas SS, Primel EG. Evaluation of alternative environmentally friendly matrix solid phase dispersion solid supports for the simultaneous extraction of 15 pesticides of different chemical classes from drinking water treatment sludge. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 182:547-554. [PMID: 28525867 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.05.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study describes the development, optimization and validation of a method for the extraction of 15 pesticides of different chemical classes in drinking water treatment sludge (DWTS) by vortex-assisted Matrix Solid Phase Dispersion (MSPD) with determination by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. It focused on the application of alternative and different solid supports to the extraction step of the MSPD. The main parameters that influenced the extraction were studied in order to obtain better recovery responses. Recoveries ranged from 70 to 120% with RSD below 20% for all analytes. Limits of quantification (LOQ) of the method ranged from 5 to 500 μg kg-1 whereas the analytical curves showed correlation coefficients above 0.997. The method under investigation used low volume of solvent (5 mL), low sample mass (1.5 g) and low mass of chitin (0.5 g), an environmentally friendly support. It has advantages, such as speed, simplicity and low cost material, over other methods. When the method was applied, 4 out of 15 pesticides were detected in the DWTS samples in concentrations below the LOQ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Lotz Soares
- Escola de Química e Alimentos, Laboratório de Análise de Compostos Orgânicos e Metais (LACOM), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Av Itália, km 8, Rio Grande, 96203-900, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Maristela Barnes Rodrigues Cerqueira
- Escola de Química e Alimentos, Laboratório de Análise de Compostos Orgânicos e Metais (LACOM), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Av Itália, km 8, Rio Grande, 96203-900, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Sergiane Souza Caldas
- Escola de Química e Alimentos, Laboratório de Análise de Compostos Orgânicos e Metais (LACOM), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Av Itália, km 8, Rio Grande, 96203-900, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Ednei Gilberto Primel
- Escola de Química e Alimentos, Laboratório de Análise de Compostos Orgânicos e Metais (LACOM), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Av Itália, km 8, Rio Grande, 96203-900, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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17
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Magnetic solid phase extraction of typical polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from environmental water samples with metal organic framework MIL-101 (Cr) modified zero valent iron nano-particles. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1487:22-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.01.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Revised: 01/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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18
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Lindholm-Lehto PC, Ahkola HSJ, Knuutinen JS. Procedures of determining organic trace compounds in municipal sewage sludge-a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:4383-4412. [PMID: 27966086 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-8202-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Sewage sludge is the largest by-product generated during the wastewater treatment process. Since large amounts of sludge are being produced, different ways of disposal have been introduced. One tempting option is to use it as fertilizer in agricultural fields due to its high contents of inorganic nutrients. This, however, can be limited by the amount of trace contaminants in the sewage sludge, containing a variety of microbiological pollutants and pathogens but also inorganic and organic contaminants. The bioavailability and the effects of trace contaminants on the microorganisms of soil are still largely unknown as well as their mixture effects. Therefore, there is a need to analyze the sludge to test its suitability before further use. In this article, a variety of sampling, pretreatment, extraction, and analysis methods have been reviewed. Additionally, different organic trace compounds often found in the sewage sludge and their methods of analysis have been compiled. In addition to traditional Soxhlet extraction, the most common extraction methods of organic contaminants in sludge include ultrasonic extraction (USE), supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), and pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) followed by instrumental analysis based on gas or liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra C Lindholm-Lehto
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014, Jyväskylä, Finland.
| | - Heidi S J Ahkola
- Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE), Survontie 9 A, FI-40500, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Juha S Knuutinen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014, Jyväskylä, Finland
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19
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Mazzeo DEC, Casado M, Piña B, Marin-Morales MA. Detoxification of sewage sludge by natural attenuation and implications for its use as a fertilizer on agricultural soils. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 572:978-985. [PMID: 27593435 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.07.228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/31/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Sewage Sludges (SS) from wastewater treatment systems constitute a potential alternative to agricultural fertilizers. However, their use is limited by the presence of toxic substances that may represent significant hazards for the environment and for human health. To test the potential of natural processes to attenuate their putative toxic activities, actual SS samples from domestic sewage were buried in holes in a pollution-free environment for different periods of time, up to one year. Aqueous and organic extracts were obtained after each period of natural attenuation, and their respective toxicity was tested for estrogenic and dioxin-like activity by yeast-based bioassays (ER-RYA and AhR-RYA, respectively) and for general toxicity and teratogenicity in zebrafish embryos. Dioxin-like activity was also tested in zebrafish embryos by monitoring the induction of the marker gene cyp1a. Whereas the results showed essentially no estrogenic activity, both dioxin-like activity and embryotoxicity were observed in the initial samples, decreasing significantly after six months of attenuation. Chemical analysis of toxic SS samples showed the presence of low levels of dioxins and furans, and relatively high levels of m- and p-cresol, at concentrations that only partially justify the observed biological effects. Our data indicates the presence of largely uncharacterized hydrophilic compounds with high biological activity in SS, constituting a potential risk of groundwater pollution upon their disposal into the environment. It also shows that this potential impact may be significantly mitigated by attenuation protocols, as the one presented here.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marta Casado
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDÆA-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18, 08034 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Benjamin Piña
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDÆA-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18, 08034 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Maria Aparecida Marin-Morales
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Av. 24-A, 1515, 13506-900 Rio Claro, SP, Brazil.
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20
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Evaluating Matrix Effects in the Analysis of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons from Food: Can These Interferences Be Neglected for Isotope Dilution? FOOD ANAL METHOD 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-016-0706-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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21
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Lin M, Ning XA, An T, Zhang J, Chen C, Ke Y, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Sun J, Liu J. Degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in textile dyeing sludge with ultrasound and Fenton processes: Effect of system parameters and synergistic effect study. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2016; 307:7-16. [PMID: 26795704 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.12.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2015] [Revised: 11/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
To establish an efficient oxidation process for the degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in textile dyeing sludge, the effects of various operating parameters were optimized during the ultrasound process, Fenton process and the combined ultrasound-Fenton process. The results showed that the ultrasonic density of 1.80w/cm(3), both H2O2 and Fe(2+) dosages of 140mmol/L and pH 3 were favorable conditions for the degradation of PAHs. The degradation efficiency of high molecular weight PAHs was close to or even higher than that of light molecular weight PAHs. The highest degradation efficiencies of Σ16 PAHs were obtained within 30min in the order of: Fenton (83.5%) >ultrasound-Fenton (75.5%) >ultrasound (45.5%), then the efficiencies were decreased in the other of: ultrasound-Fenton (73.0%) >Fenton (70.3%) >ultrasound (41.4%) in 60min. The extra PAHs were released from the intracellular substances and the cavities of sludge due to the disruption of sludge during the oxidation process. Also, the degradation of PAHs could be inhibited by the other organic matter in the sludge. The combined ultrasound-Fenton process showed more efficient than both ultrasound process and Fenton process not only in the surface of sludge but also in the sludge interior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiqing Lin
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Xun-an Ning
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Taicheng An
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jianhao Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Changmin Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yaowei Ke
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yujie Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yaping Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jian Sun
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jingyong Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
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22
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Matrix solid phase dispersion method for determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in moss. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1406:19-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Revised: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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23
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Suciu NA, Lamastra L, Trevisan M. PAHs content of sewage sludge in Europe and its use as soil fertilizer. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2015; 41:119-127. [PMID: 25872863 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2015.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2014] [Revised: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The European Commission has been planning limits for organic pollutants in sewage sludge for 14years; however no legislation has been implemented. This is mainly due to lack of data on sewage sludge contamination by organic pollutants, and possible negative effects to the environment. However, waste management has become an acute problem in many countries. Management options require extensive waste characterization, since many of them may contain compounds which could be harmful to the ecosystem, such as heavy metals, organic pollutants. The present study aims to show the true European position, regarding the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) content of sewage sludge, by comparing the Italian PAHs content with European Union countries, and at assessing the suitability of sewage sludge as soil fertilizer. The FOCUS Pearl model was used to estimate the concentration of benzo [a] pyrene (B(a)Pyr), the most toxic PAH in soil, and its exposure to organisms was then evaluated. The simulated B(a)Pyr and PAHs, expressed as B(a)Pyr, concentrations in soil were much lower than the B(a)Pyr's most conservative lowest observable effect concentration (LOEC) for soil organisms. Furthermore, the results obtained indicate that it is more appropriate to apply 5tha(-1) sewage sludge annually than 15tha(-1) triennially. Results suggest, the EU maximum recommended limit of 6mgkg(-)(1) PAHs in sewage sludge, should be conservative enough to avoid groundwater contamination and negative effects on soil organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoleta A Suciu
- Istituto di Chimica Agraria ed Ambientale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, via Emilia Parmense 84, Piacenza 29122, Italy.
| | - Lucrezia Lamastra
- Istituto di Chimica Agraria ed Ambientale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, via Emilia Parmense 84, Piacenza 29122, Italy
| | - Marco Trevisan
- Istituto di Chimica Agraria ed Ambientale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, via Emilia Parmense 84, Piacenza 29122, Italy
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24
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Cai Y, Yan ZH, Wang NY, Cai QY, Yao SZ. Preparation of naphthyl functionalized magnetic nanoparticles for extraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from river waters. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra10054b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Naphthyl functionalized magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4@SiO2@Nap) was prepared and successfully applied for the magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from river water samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing & Chemometrics
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082
- China
| | - Zhi-Hong Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing & Chemometrics
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082
- China
| | - Ni-Ya Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing & Chemometrics
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082
- China
| | - Qing-Yun Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing & Chemometrics
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082
- China
| | - Shou-Zhuo Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing & Chemometrics
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082
- China
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25
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Ning XA, Lin MQ, Shen LZ, Zhang JH, Wang JY, Wang YJ, Yang ZY, Liu JY. Levels, composition profiles and risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in sludge from ten textile dyeing plants. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2014; 132:112-118. [PMID: 24769559 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2014.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Revised: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
As components of synthetic dyes, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are present as contaminants in textile dyeing sludge due to the recalcitrance in wastewater treatment process, which may pose a threat to environment in the process of sludge disposal. In order to evaluate PAHs in textile dyeing sludge, comprehensive investigation comprising 10 textile dyeing plants was undertaken. Levels, composition profiles and risk assessment of 16 EPA-priority PAHs were analyzed in this study. The total concentrations of 16 PAHs (∑16 PAHs) varied from 1463 ± 177 ng g(-1) to 16,714 ± 1,507 ng g(-1) with a mean value of 6386 ng g(-1). The composition profiles of PAHs were characterized by 3- and 4-ring PAHs, among which phenanthrene, anthracene and fluoranthene were the most dominant components. The mean benzo[a]pyrene equivalent (BaPeq) concentration of ∑16 PAHs in textile dyeing sludge was 423 ng g(-1), which was 2-3 times higher than concentrations reported for urban soil. According to ecological risk assessment, the levels of PAHs in the textile dyeing sludge may cause a significant risk to soil ecosystem after landfill or dumping on soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun-An Ning
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Mei-Qing Lin
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Ling-Zhi Shen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jian-Hao Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jing-Yu Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yu-Jie Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zuo-Yi Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jing-Yong Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
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26
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Cerqueira MB, Caldas SS, Primel EG. New sorbent in the dispersive solid phase extraction step of quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe for the extraction of organic contaminants in drinking water treatment sludge. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1336:10-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Revised: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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27
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Celano R, Rodríguez I, Cela R, Rastrelli L, Piccinelli AL. Liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry quantification and screening of organophosphate compounds in sludge. Talanta 2013; 118:312-20. [PMID: 24274302 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2013.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Revised: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
For the first time, we assess the performance of liquid chromatography (LC) quadrupole time-of-flight (QTOF) mass spectrometry (MS) for the selective quantification of eight organophosphate compounds (OPs), used as plasticizers and flame retardants additives, in sludge from urban sewage treatment plants (STPs). Moreover, the usefulness of accurate, full scan MS and MS/MS spectra to screen and to confirm the presence of additional OPs, without using reference standards, in sludge samples is discussed. Matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD) was used as a sample preparation technique. Under optimized conditions, MSPD provided quantitative recoveries for the group of targeted analytes, requiring just 15 mL of solvent and integrating extraction and clean-up processes in the same step. For these species, the achieved limits of quantification (LOQs) varied between 2 and 50 ng g(-1) and the efficiency of electrospray ionization (ESI) did not change significantly between pure standards and sludge extracts. Among targeted OPs, tri(chloroisopropyl) phosphate (TCPP), tributoxyethyl phosphate (TBEP) and triphenyl phosphate (TPP) were ubiquitous in sludge. The average concentrations of TCPP and TBEP stayed above 700 ng g(-1), whereas the mean value for TPP was 67 ng g(-1). Full scan, accurate spectra provided relevant clues for the screening of additional OPs, using a database containing just their empirical formulae and exact molecular weights; however, the occurrence of in-source fragmentation processes hampered the detection and correct identification of those species which did not render the expected [M+H](+) molecular ion, as was the case of 2-ethylhexyl-diphenyl phosphate (EHDPP).
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Affiliation(s)
- R Celano
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Instituto de Investigación y Análisis Alimentario (IIAA), Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain; Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Fisciano 84084, Italy
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28
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Analysis of PhACs in Solid Environmental Samples (Soil, Sediment, and Sludge). ANALYSIS, REMOVAL, EFFECTS AND RISK OF PHARMACEUTICALS IN THE WATER CYCLE - OCCURRENCE AND TRANSFORMATION IN THE ENVIRONMENT 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-62657-8.00005-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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29
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Albero B, Pérez RA, Sánchez-Brunete C, Tadeo JL. Occurrence and analysis of parabens in municipal sewage sludge from wastewater treatment plants in Madrid (Spain). JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2012; 239-240:48-55. [PMID: 22640822 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2011] [Revised: 04/03/2012] [Accepted: 05/03/2012] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
A rapid method for determination of seven parabens and two chlorinated by-products in sewage sludge was developed based on matrix solid-phase dispersion and gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The analytical procedure showed good recoveries that ranged from 80 to 125%, with relative standard deviations lower than 12% and low detection limits, ranging from 0.1 to 2.0 ng g(-1) dry weight. The developed method was applied to the analysis of sewage sludge collected during 2010 in 19 wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) located in various urban, industrial or rural zones in Madrid (Spain). Methylparaben was found in most of the WWTPs sampled (95%) at levels between 5.1 and 26.2 ng g(-1) dry weight and propylparaben was detected in 74% of the WWTPs at levels up to 44.1 ng g(-1) dry weight. In order to study the temporal variation of parabens and two chlorinated parabens during a four-year period, sludge samples were collected from 3 selected WWTPs. The levels of methylparaben encountered were rather constant throughout the sampling period whereas propylparaben levels slightly increased. In one of the WWTPs monitored, isopropylparaben was found at the beginning of the sampling period but its content decreased and was not detected in the 2010 sampling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Albero
- Departamento de Medio Ambiente, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Ctra. de La Coruña km 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Christopoulou OD, Sakkas VA, Albanis TA. Evaluation of matrix solid-phase dispersion extraction for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in household dust with the aid of experimental design and response surface methodology. J Sep Sci 2012; 35:3554-60. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201200563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2012] [Revised: 07/27/2012] [Accepted: 08/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ourania D. Christopoulou
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry; Department of Chemistry; University of Ioannina; Ioannina Greece
| | - Vasilios A. Sakkas
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry; Department of Chemistry; University of Ioannina; Ioannina Greece
| | - Triantafyllos A. Albanis
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry; Department of Chemistry; University of Ioannina; Ioannina Greece
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Cleaning sorbents used in matrix solid-phase dispersion with sonication: Application to the estimation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons at ng/g levels in marine sediments. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1263:43-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2012] [Revised: 09/11/2012] [Accepted: 09/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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32
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Yuan JP, Zhao RS, Cheng CG, Wang XL, Cui ZJ. Rapid analysis of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in soil by matrix solid-phase dispersion using bamboo charcoal as dispersive sorbent. J Sep Sci 2012; 35:2499-505. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201101096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Peng Yuan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering; Shandong University; Jinan China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments; Analysis and Test Center; Shandong Academy of Sciences; Jinan China
| | - Ru-Song Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments; Analysis and Test Center; Shandong Academy of Sciences; Jinan China
| | - Chuan-Ge Cheng
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments; Analysis and Test Center; Shandong Academy of Sciences; Jinan China
| | - Xiao-Li Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments; Analysis and Test Center; Shandong Academy of Sciences; Jinan China
| | - Zhao-Jie Cui
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering; Shandong University; Jinan China
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33
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Yan H, Wang F, Wang H, Yang G. Miniaturized molecularly imprinted matrix solid-phase dispersion coupled with high performance liquid chromatography for rapid determination of auxins in orange samples. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1256:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2012] [Revised: 07/10/2012] [Accepted: 07/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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34
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Başak S, Cokgör EU, Insel G, Orhon D. Acute effect of benzo[a]anthracene on the biodegradation of peptone under aerobic conditions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2012; 19:3412-3420. [PMID: 22528989 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-012-0866-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2011] [Accepted: 03/12/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigated the acute effect of benzo[a]anthracene, a significant compound among polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, on the biodegradation of a synthetic organic substrate-a peptone/meat extract mixture-under aerobic conditions. METHODS A laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactor was sustained at steady state at a sludge age of 10 days with substrate feeding. Inhibition tests involved running a series of batch reactors initially seeded with the biomass obtained from the parent reactor. After the biomass seeding, the reactors were started with the peptone mixture and a range of initial benzo[a]anthracene concentrations between 0.5 and 88 mg/L. Experimental profiles of oxygen uptake rates and polyhydroxyalkanoates were evaluated by calibration of a selected model. RESULTS Lower doses of benzo[a]anthracene had no effect on process kinetics. The noticeable acute impact was only observed with the addition of 88 mg/L of benzo[a]anthracene, but it was limited with the storage mechanism: the amount of organic substrate diverted to polyhydroxyalkanoates was significantly reduced with a corresponding decrease in the maximum storage rate, k (STO), from 2.7 down to 0.6 day(-1). Similarly, the maximum growth rate from internally stored polyhydroxyalkanoates was lowered from 2.3 to 1.0 day(-1). CONCLUSION Among the mechanisms for direct substrate utilization, only the hydrolysis rate was slightly reduced, but otherwise, the overall COD removal efficiency was not affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serden Başak
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architect, Campus of Avsar, Kahramanmaraş Sütçü Imam University, 46100 Kahramanmaraş, Turkey
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35
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Mutavdžić Pavlović D, Pinušić T, Periša M, Babić S. Optimization of matrix solid-phase dispersion for liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry analysis of 12 pharmaceuticals in sediments. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1258:1-15. [PMID: 22939206 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2012] [Revised: 08/06/2012] [Accepted: 08/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD) technique accompanied with LC-MS/MS detection for the purpose of determination of 12 pharmaceuticals (sulfaguanidine, sulfadiazine, sulfamethazine, sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim, roxithromycin, praziquantel, febantel, enrofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin and procaine) applied to sediment samples has been described in this paper. Different parameters, such as the type of solid phase, the elution solvent and its volume have been investigated. The analytes were successfully extracted by C18 as an MSPD sorbent with 5 mL of acetonitrile:5% of oxalic acid=6:4 (v/v) as an elution solvent. The proposed method provides a linear response over the concentration range of 0.0005-100 μg/g, depending on pharmaceuticals with correlation coefficients above 0.9928 in all cases except for trimethoprim (0.9889). Also, the method has revealed low limits of detection (0.125-500 ng/g), good precision (intra and inter-day), a relative standard deviation below 15% and recoveries above 80%, except for roxithromycin, febantel and enrofloxacin. The method has been successfully applied to analysis of different sediment samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dragana Mutavdžić Pavlović
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 19, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
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36
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Zuloaga O, Navarro P, Bizkarguenaga E, Iparraguirre A, Vallejo A, Olivares M, Prieto A. Overview of extraction, clean-up and detection techniques for the determination of organic pollutants in sewage sludge: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2012; 736:7-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2012.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2012] [Revised: 05/11/2012] [Accepted: 05/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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37
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Carpinteiro I, Casado J, Rodríguez I, Ramil M, Cela R. Optimization of matrix solid-phase dispersion conditions for organic fungicides determination in soil samples. J Sep Sci 2012; 35:853-60. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201101036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Isaac Rodríguez
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Instituto de Investigación y Análisis Alimentario; Universidad de Santiago de Compostela; Santiago de Compostela Spain
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Zeng XY, Cao SX, Zhang DL, Gao ST, Yu ZQ, Li HR, Sheng GY, Fu JM. Levels and distribution of synthetic musks and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sludge collected from Guangdong Province. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2012; 47:389-397. [PMID: 22320691 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2012.646099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The levels and distribution of six polycyclic musks, three nitromusks and 15 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were investigated in sludge collected from 19 municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in six cities in Guangdong Province, China. PAHs were detected in all of the sludge samples, and the levels of the total 15 PAHs ranged from 177.2-4421.8 μg/kg dry weight (dw). Four polycyclic musks, 4-acetyl-1,1-dimethyl-6-tert-butylindan (ADBI), 6-acetyl-1,1,2,3,3,5-hexamethylindan (AHMI), 1,3,4,6,7,8-hexahydro-4,6,6,7,8,8-hexamethylcyclopenta (g) -2-benzopyran (HHCB) and 7-acetyl -1,1,3,4,4,6-hexamethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro naphthalene (AHTN), were found in these samples. The total concentrations of polycyclic musks varied from 794.4-12960.3 μg/kg dw, with HHCB and AHTN being the main components. Of the three nitromusks, 2,6-dinitro-3-methoxy-4-tert- butyl - toluene (MA) was only found in one sludge sample at the limit of detection (LOD) level, while 1-tert-butyl-3,5-dimethyl-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (Musk xylene, MX) and 4-acetyl-1-tert-butyl-3,5-dimethyl-2,6-dinitrobenzene (Musk ketone, MK) were found at levels ranging from the LOD to 65.8 μg/kg dw and LOD to 172.7 μg/kg dw, respectively, in most of the sludge samples. The PAHs, polycyclic musks and nitro musks were also shown to have various distribution patterns, possibly due to their different wastewater sources and wastewater treatment technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Ying Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environment and Resources, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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39
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Matrix solid-phase dispersion followed by gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry for the determination of benzotriazole UV absorbers in sediments. Anal Bioanal Chem 2011; 402:519-27. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-5386-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2011] [Revised: 08/31/2011] [Accepted: 08/31/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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40
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Pérez RA, Albero B, Miguel E, Sánchez-Brunete C. Determination of parabens and endocrine-disrupting alkylphenols in soil by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry following matrix solid-phase dispersion or in-column microwave-assisted extraction: a comparative study. Anal Bioanal Chem 2011; 402:2347-57. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-5248-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2011] [Revised: 06/27/2011] [Accepted: 07/07/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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41
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Khadhar S, Higashi T, Hamdi H, Matsuyama S, Charef A. Distribution of 16 EPA-priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in sludges collected from nine Tunisian wastewater treatment plants. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2010; 183:98-102. [PMID: 20674166 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.06.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2010] [Revised: 06/25/2010] [Accepted: 06/28/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are organic compounds which may be present as contaminants in wastewater sewage sludge. Due to their toxicity and persistence in the solid phase, information should be gathered relating to their presence in sewage sludge in order to determine their contamination risks after land application. In this study, sewage sludge samples from nine Tunisian wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) were characterized for the total content in 16 EPA-priority PAHs using an optimized extraction protocol. These WWTPs differ in the type of applied treatment and the wastewater source. Through this first assessment of PAHs in Tunisian sludges, their total concentration varied from 96 to the highest level of 7718 ng g(-1). Regardless of the source of wastewater, the highest PAH content was found in sludges deriving from untreated wastewater (natural lagooning). In addition, some correlation was found between the distribution patterns of each PAH, the type of applied treatment on one hand and the wastewater source on other hand.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Khadhar
- Water Research and Technology Center, Borj Cédria Technopark, PO Box 273, Soliman 8020, Tunisia.
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42
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Fernández-González V, Concha-Graña E, Muniategui-Lorenzo S, López-Mahía P, Fernández-Fernández E, Prada-Rodríguez D. A matrix solid-phase dispersion-gel permeation chromatography-programmed temperature vaporisation-GC-MS procedure for the analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in mussel samples. J Sep Sci 2010; 33:3741-50. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201000356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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43
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Sánchez-Brunete C, Miguel E, Albero B, Tadeo JL. Determination of triclosan and methyl triclosan in environmental solid samples by matrix solid-phase dispersion and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2010; 33:2768-75. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201000284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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44
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Capriotti AL, Cavaliere C, Giansanti P, Gubbiotti R, Samperi R, Laganà A. Recent developments in matrix solid-phase dispersion extraction. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:2521-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2009] [Revised: 01/07/2010] [Accepted: 01/11/2010] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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45
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Determination of organic micro-pollutants such as personal care products, plasticizers and flame retardants in sludge. Anal Bioanal Chem 2009; 395:1877-84. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-009-3138-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2009] [Accepted: 09/07/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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46
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García-Valcárcel AI, Tadeo JL. A combination of ultrasonic assisted extraction with LC–MS/MS for the determination of organophosphorus pesticides in sludge. Anal Chim Acta 2009; 641:117-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2009.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2008] [Revised: 03/20/2009] [Accepted: 03/27/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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47
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Affiliation(s)
- Soledad Rubio
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Facultad de Ciencias, Edificio Anexo Marie Curie, Campus de Rabanales, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Dolores Pérez-Bendito
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Facultad de Ciencias, Edificio Anexo Marie Curie, Campus de Rabanales, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
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48
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Stenger FC, Cechinel-Filho V, Meyre-Silva C, Bresolin TMB, Rodrigues CA. Synthesis of Laurylchitosan and Its Use in the Separation of Flavonoids from Aleurites moluccana by Matrix Solid-Phase Dispersion. Chromatographia 2009. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-009-1016-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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49
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Sánchez-Brunete C, Miguel E, Tadeo JL. Analysis of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in sewage sludge by matrix solid-phase dispersion and isotope dilution GC-MS. J Sep Sci 2008; 32:109-17. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200800479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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50
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Oleszczuk P. Forms of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon in the formation of sewage sludge toxicity to Heterocypris incongruens. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2008; 404:94-102. [PMID: 18684487 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2007] [Revised: 06/03/2008] [Accepted: 06/11/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate to what degree polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) determines sewage sludge toxicity in relation to Heterocypris incongruens. Six differing sewage sludges with increasing contents of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were selected for the present study. As well as total PAH content, the content of the potentially bioavailable fraction was also determined in the sewage sludges using a method of mild-solvent extraction (with n-butanol). The PAH content was also calculated in the sewage sludge pore water by the equilibrium partitioning method. The total PAH content in the sewage sludges studied were in the range 3.60 to 27.95 mg kg(-1). The contribution of the n-butanol extracted fraction was in the range 38.7 to 75.4%. In the group of individual PAHs, 4- and 5-ring compounds had the highest content in the potentially bioavailable group. H. incongruens mortality in the range 6.7 to 100%, depending both on the sewage sludge and the dose applied. An increase of the sewage sludge dose usually resulted in an increase in toxicity. At the highest dose, a 100% mortality of H. incongruens was found in half of the sludges. The lowest dose, irrespective of the sludge type, caused over 40% growth inhibition. However, the results obtained did not allow for the establishing of an unambiguous relationship between various sludge toxicity levels and the content of potentially bio-available PAHs. In some cases only, the extraction using n-butanol explained the high difference in toxicity despite a slight differentiation in the PAH content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patryk Oleszczuk
- Laboratory of Soil Reclamation and Waste Management, Institute of Soil Science and Environmental Management, Agriculture University, ul. Leszczyńskiego 7, 20-069 Lublin, Poland.
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