1
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Adamovsky O, Groh KJ, Białk-Bielińska A, Escher BI, Beaudouin R, Mora Lagares L, Tollefsen KE, Fenske M, Mulkiewicz E, Creusot N, Sosnowska A, Loureiro S, Beyer J, Repetto G, Štern A, Lopes I, Monteiro M, Zikova-Kloas A, Eleršek T, Vračko M, Zdybel S, Puzyn T, Koczur W, Ebsen Morthorst J, Holbech H, Carlsson G, Örn S, Herrero Ó, Siddique A, Liess M, Braun G, Srebny V, Žegura B, Hinfray N, Brion F, Knapen D, Vandeputte E, Stinckens E, Vergauwen L, Behrendt L, João Silva M, Blaha L, Kyriakopoulou K. Exploring BPA alternatives - Environmental levels and toxicity review. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 189:108728. [PMID: 38850672 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Bisphenol A alternatives are manufactured as potentially less harmful substitutes of bisphenol A (BPA) that offer similar functionality. These alternatives are already in the market, entering the environment and thus raising ecological concerns. However, it can be expected that levels of BPA alternatives will dominate in the future, they are limited information on their environmental safety. The EU PARC project highlights BPA alternatives as priority chemicals and consolidates information on BPA alternatives, with a focus on environmental relevance and on the identification of the research gaps. The review highlighted aspects and future perspectives. In brief, an extension of environmental monitoring is crucial, extending it to cover BPA alternatives to track their levels and facilitate the timely implementation of mitigation measures. The biological activity has been studied for BPA alternatives, but in a non-systematic way and prioritized a limited number of chemicals. For several BPA alternatives, the data has already provided substantial evidence regarding their potential harm to the environment. We stress the importance of conducting more comprehensive assessments that go beyond the traditional reproductive studies and focus on overlooked relevant endpoints. Future research should also consider mixture effects, realistic environmental concentrations, and the long-term consequences on biota and ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondrej Adamovsky
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Ksenia J Groh
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Ueberlandstrasse 133, 8600 Duebendorf, Switzerland
| | - Anna Białk-Bielińska
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Beate I Escher
- Department of Cell Toxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - R Beaudouin
- Experimental Toxicology and Modeling Unit, INERIS, UMR-I 02 SEBIO, Verneuil en Halatte 65550, France
| | - Liadys Mora Lagares
- Theory Department, Laboratory for Cheminformatics, National Institute of Chemistry, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Knut Erik Tollefsen
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Økernveien 94, N-0579 Oslo, Norway; Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Po.Box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Martina Fenske
- Department of Biochemistry and Ecotoxicology, Federal Institute of Hydrology (BfG), Am Mainzer Tor 1, 56068 Koblenz, Germany
| | - Ewa Mulkiewicz
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Nicolas Creusot
- INRAE, French National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food & Environment, UR1454 EABX, Bordeaux Metabolome, MetaboHub, Gazinet Cestas, France
| | - Anita Sosnowska
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemoinformatics, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Susana Loureiro
- CESAM and Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Jonny Beyer
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Økernveien 94, N-0579 Oslo, Norway
| | - Guillermo Repetto
- Area of Toxicology, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41013-Sevilla, Spain
| | - Alja Štern
- National Institute of Biology, Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, Večna pot 121, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Isabel Lopes
- CESAM and Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Marta Monteiro
- CESAM and Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Andrea Zikova-Kloas
- Testing and Assessment Strategies Pesticides, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany; Ecotoxicological Laboratory, German Environment Agency, Schichauweg 58, 12307 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tina Eleršek
- National Institute of Biology, Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, Večna pot 121, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marjan Vračko
- Theory Department, Laboratory for Cheminformatics, National Institute of Chemistry, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Szymon Zdybel
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemoinformatics, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Tomasz Puzyn
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemoinformatics, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Weronika Koczur
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jane Ebsen Morthorst
- Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Henrik Holbech
- Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Gunnar Carlsson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Stefan Örn
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Óscar Herrero
- Molecular Entomology, Biomarkers and Environmental Stress Group, Faculty of Science, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), 28232 Las Rozas de Madrid, Spain
| | - Ayesha Siddique
- System Ecotoxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Matthias Liess
- System Ecotoxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15 04318 Leipzig, Germany; RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Environmental Research (Biology V), Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Georg Braun
- Department of Cell Toxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Vanessa Srebny
- Department of Cell Toxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Bojana Žegura
- National Institute of Biology, Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, Večna pot 121, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nathalie Hinfray
- Ecotoxicology of Substances and Environments, Ineris, Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - François Brion
- Ecotoxicology of Substances and Environments, Ineris, Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - Dries Knapen
- Zebrafishlab, Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Ellen Vandeputte
- Zebrafishlab, Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Evelyn Stinckens
- Zebrafishlab, Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Lucia Vergauwen
- Zebrafishlab, Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Lars Behrendt
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Organismal Biology, Program of Environmental Toxicology, Uppsala University, 75236 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria João Silva
- Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge (INSA), Lisbon, Portugal; Center for Toxicogenomics and Human Health (ToxOmics), NOVA Medical School-FCM, UNL, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ludek Blaha
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Kyriakopoulou
- Laboratory of Environmental Control of Pesticides, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 8th Stefanou Delta str., 14561, Kifissia, Attica, Greece.
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Dueñas Mas MJ, de Dios-Pérez C, Ballesteros-Gómez A, Rubio S. Supramolecular solvent extraction and ambient mass spectrometry for the determination of organic contaminants in food packaging material. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 324:138359. [PMID: 36907494 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A rapid method based on a fast sample treatment with supramolecular solvents (SUPRASs) and ambient mass spectrometry (AMS) analysis was developed for the screening and quantification of organic contaminants in food packaging materials (FCMs). The suitability of SUPRASs made up of medium chain alcohols in ethanol:water mixtures was investigated, given their low toxicity, proven capacity for multi-residue analysis (since they provide a wide variety of interactions and multiple binding sites) and restricted access properties for simultaneous sample extraction and clean-up. Two families of emerging organic pollutants, bisphenols and organophosphate flame retardants, were targeted as representative compounds. The methodology was applied to 40 FCMs. Target compounds were quantitated using ASAP (atmospheric solids analysis probe)-low resolution MS and a broad-spectrum screening of contaminants was performed through spectral library search using direct injection probe (DIP) and high resolution MS (HRMS). The results showed the ubiquity of bisphenols and of some flame retardants, as well as the presence of other additives and unknown compounds in about half of the analyzed samples, which highlight the complex composition of FCMs and the possible associated health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Jesús Dueñas Mas
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry for Energy and the Environment, Marie Curie Building (Annex), Campus of Rabanales, University of Córdoba, 14071, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Cristina de Dios-Pérez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry for Energy and the Environment, Marie Curie Building (Annex), Campus of Rabanales, University of Córdoba, 14071, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Anad Ballesteros-Gómez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry for Energy and the Environment, Marie Curie Building (Annex), Campus of Rabanales, University of Córdoba, 14071, Córdoba, Spain.
| | - Soledad Rubio
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry for Energy and the Environment, Marie Curie Building (Annex), Campus of Rabanales, University of Córdoba, 14071, Córdoba, Spain
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USAEME-GC/MS Method for Easy and Sensitive Determination of Nine Bisphenol Analogues in Water and Wastewater. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27154977. [PMID: 35956929 PMCID: PMC9370219 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27154977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A new, simple and sensitive method for isolating nine compounds from the bisphenol group (analogues: A, B, C, E, F, G, Cl2, Z, AP) based on one-step liquid-liquid microextraction with in situ acylation followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was developed and validated using influent and effluent wastewaters. The chemometric approach based on the Taguchi method was used to optimize the main conditions of simultaneous extraction and derivatization. The recoveries of the proposed procedure ranged from 85 to 122%, and the repeatability expressed by the coefficient of variation did not exceed 8%. The method's limits of detection were in the range of 0.4-64 ng/L, and the method's limits of quantification ranged from 1.3 to 194 ng/L. The developed method was used to determine the presence of the tested compounds in wastewater from a municipal wastewater treatment plant located in northeastern Poland. From this sample, eight analytes were detected. Concentrations of bisphenol A of 400 ng/L in influent and 100 ng/L in effluent were recorded, whereas other bisphenols reached 67 and 50 ng/L for influent and effluent, respectively. The removal efficiency of bisphenol analogues in the tested wastewater treatment plant ranged from 7 to approximately 88%.
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4
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Dueñas-Mas MJ, Ballesteros-Gómez A, Rubio S. Supramolecular solvent-based microextraction probe for fast detection of bisphenols by ambient mass spectrometry. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 294:133719. [PMID: 35077738 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated for the first time the suitability of supramolecular solvent (SUPRAS)-based microextraction probe for the development of generic and fast sample treatment prior to qualitative analysis by ambient mass spectrometry (AMS) based on ASAP (atmospheric solids analysis probe). SUPRAS are nanostructured liquids formed by the self-assembly of amphiphilic aggregates with multiple binding sites and microenvironments of different polarity for the efficient extraction of multiple compounds. Different types of SUPRAS were evaluated as a simple and single step sample treatment for ASAP. The method was applied to the screening of bisphenol A and structural analogues in thermal paper. Optimal results were achieved with SUPRAS synthesized with 1-decanol in mixtures of ethanol:water. SUPRAS (1.1-2 μL) were loaded onto glass probes and placed in contact with samples for 10 s before ASAP analysis. AMS signal peaks (width: 0.2-0.5 min) were easily integrated and normalized with internal standards (RSD: 2-25%). The method was applied to 62 samples of thermal paper. BPA and BPS were the most widely used, this highlighting the progressive industrial replacement of BPA by BPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Jesús Dueñas-Mas
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemistry and Nanochemistry, Marie Curie Building Annex, Campus of Rabanales, University of Córdoba, 14071, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Ana Ballesteros-Gómez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemistry and Nanochemistry, Marie Curie Building Annex, Campus of Rabanales, University of Córdoba, 14071, Córdoba, Spain.
| | - Soledad Rubio
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemistry and Nanochemistry, Marie Curie Building Annex, Campus of Rabanales, University of Córdoba, 14071, Córdoba, Spain
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5
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Moradi M, Yamini Y, Feizi N. Development and challenges of supramolecular solvents in liquid-based microextraction methods. Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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6
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Dueñas-Mas MJ, Ballesteros-Gómez A, Rubio S. Supramolecular solvent-based microextraction of emerging bisphenol A replacements (colour developers) in indoor dust from public environments. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 222:22-28. [PMID: 30684687 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.01.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is present in a wide variety of materials and it is a well-known endocrine disruptor that is widespread in indoor and outdoor environments. For this reason, industry has introduced a variety of replacements, such as Bisphenol S (BPS) or Bisphenol F (BPF), and other less known structural analogs, such as BPS-MAE, D-8 or TGSA. These emerging potential contaminants have been identified in thermal paper products, according to recent studies, but their potential toxic effects and their migration into the environment remain unclear. In this study, we report for the first time the presence of emerging BPA replacements in indoor dust from public environments (shops, restaurants, etc.). For this purpose, we optimized a novel supramolecular solvent (SUPRAS)-based microextraction method. SUPRAS are multi-target solvents made up of self-assembled amphiphiles. They offer multiple extraction interactions (dispersion, polar, hydrophobic, etc.) and they constitute excellent candidates to develop generic and fast sample treatment procedures at low cost. By this method, emerging BPA replacements (BPS-MAE, D-8 and TGSA) were detected in dust at median concentrations in the range 6-22 ng g-1 (around ten times lower than BPS) with detection frequencies in the range 50-90%. These results constitute a first insight into the migration of emerging BPA replacements into the environment via indoor dust, which is a common route of human exposure to contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Jesús Dueñas-Mas
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemistry and Nanochemistry, Marie Curie Building (Annex), Campus of Rabanales, University of Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Ana Ballesteros-Gómez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemistry and Nanochemistry, Marie Curie Building (Annex), Campus of Rabanales, University of Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain.
| | - Soledad Rubio
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemistry and Nanochemistry, Marie Curie Building (Annex), Campus of Rabanales, University of Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
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Ballesteros-Gómez A, Caballero-Casero N, García-Fonseca S, Lunar L, Rubio S. Multifunctional vesicular coacervates as engineered supramolecular solvents for wastewater treatment. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 223:569-576. [PMID: 30797166 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.02.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, multifunctional supramolecular solvents (SUPRASs) able to simultaneously extract ionic, polar and hydrophobic organic compounds from wastewater have been developed. SUPRASs were synthesized in aqueous solutions containing mixtures of carboxylic acids and carboxylates that underwent spontaneous self-assembly and coacervation under the addition of tetraalkylammonium ions. These SUPRAS consisted of coacervate droplets made up of large unilamellar vesicular aggregates bridged by tetraalkylammonium ions. Both, the high kinetic stability of vesicles and their strong interaction with tetraalkylammonium ions through different bonds working cooperatively, made supramolecular nanostructures in the SUPRAS chemically stable, which minimized the presence of solvent residues in the treated water. The suitability of the synthesized SUPRASs to behave as multifunctional extractants in water treatment was investigated by their application to the removal of anionic, cationic and ionizable dyes and PAHs. All the variables affecting the extraction process were optimized (i.e. chain length of the tetraalkylammonium ion, fractional SUPRAS phase volume, pH, ionic strength, pollutant concentration and stirring time/rate). All the pollutants selected were efficiently removed at room temperature and a fractional SUPRAS phase volume of 0.01. Applicability of the SUPRAS-based treatment to the efficient removal of dyes in textile effluents and benzo(a)pyrene in tap water was proved. Overall, the low cost, easy synthesis and high removal efficiency of these engineered SUPRASs make them highly promising for application in comprehensive wastewater treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Ballesteros-Gómez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemistry and Nanochemistry, Campus of Rabanales, Universidad de Córdoba, 14071, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Noelia Caballero-Casero
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemistry and Nanochemistry, Campus of Rabanales, Universidad de Córdoba, 14071, Córdoba, Spain.
| | - Sergio García-Fonseca
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemistry and Nanochemistry, Campus of Rabanales, Universidad de Córdoba, 14071, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Loreto Lunar
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemistry and Nanochemistry, Campus of Rabanales, Universidad de Córdoba, 14071, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Soledad Rubio
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemistry and Nanochemistry, Campus of Rabanales, Universidad de Córdoba, 14071, Córdoba, Spain
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Liu M, Jia S, Dong T, Han Y, Xue J, Wanjaya ER, Fang M. The occurrence of bisphenol plasticizers in paired dust and urine samples and its association with oxidative stress. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 216:472-478. [PMID: 30388685 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.10.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A diglycidy ether (BADGE) and its derivatives are epoxy resins and widely used as emerging plasticizers in food packages and material coating. Though known as endocrine disruptors, little information is available on their occurrence, exposure routes and toxicity. Besides, the analysis of BADGE and its derivatives has always been a challenge due to their reactive chemical properties and the background contamination. Therefore, we firstly developed a novel water-free method to analyze BADGE and its derivatives in dust samples together with other two typical plasticizers bisphenol A (BPA) and bisphenol S (BPS). In order to investigate the levels in paired dust and urine samples, 33 paired samples were collected from Singapore. In both dust and urine samples, the predominant compounds were BPA, BADGE-2H2O and BPS. A significantly positive correlation of BPA levels in paired dust and urine samples was observed in this small-scale study. To tentatively explore the human health effect from exposure to these bisphenol plasticizers, we assessed the correlation between the urinary concentrations of these compounds and oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), an oxidative stress biomarker. The result showed that 8-OHdG levels in urine samples was positively correlated with urinary BPA level and body mass index (BMI), suggesting that elevated oxidative stress might be associated with BPA exposure and obesity. In the future, a larger scale study is warranted due to the limited sample size in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Liu
- Residues and Resource Reclamation Centre (R3C), Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 CleanTech Loop, CleanTech One, 637141, Singapore; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Shenglan Jia
- Residues and Resource Reclamation Centre (R3C), Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 CleanTech Loop, CleanTech One, 637141, Singapore
| | - Ting Dong
- School of Environment and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China
| | - Yuan Han
- Analytics Cluster, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 CleanTech Loop, CleanTech One, 637141, Singapore
| | - Jingchuan Xue
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27519, USA
| | - Elvy Riani Wanjaya
- Analytics Cluster, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 CleanTech Loop, CleanTech One, 637141, Singapore
| | - Mingliang Fang
- Residues and Resource Reclamation Centre (R3C), Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 CleanTech Loop, CleanTech One, 637141, Singapore; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore; Analytics Cluster, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 CleanTech Loop, CleanTech One, 637141, Singapore.
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Björnsdotter MK, de Boer J, Ballesteros-Gómez A. Bisphenol A and replacements in thermal paper: A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 182:691-706. [PMID: 28528315 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.05.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Thermal paper contains potentially toxic compounds such as bisphenol A (BPA), which is used as a color developer. BPA has been reported in thermal paper in concentrations up to 42,600 μg g-1. The exposure to BPA via dermal transfer has been recently discussed as a significant contribution to the overall human exposure and the estimated daily intake (EDI) has been reported up to 218 μg d-1. BPA has been also detected in recycled paper with concentrations up to 46 μg g-1. Due to the fact that BPA is a known endocrine disruptor and migrates from materials, regulatory restrictions have been established to prevent risks for the human health. As a consequence, structural analogues, such as bisphenol S (BPS) have been introduced into the market. Little is known about the presence and toxicity of these emerging replacements, and concern has risen about them. The present review gives an overview of the occurrence and levels of BPA and replacements in thermal paper. BPA is still the most common color developer found in thermal paper, followed by BPS. The analytical methods used for quantification of BPA and BPA replacements in paper products are also reviewed. BPA is transferred from thermal paper products to the finger pads upon handling it. Paper-skin transfer followed by penetration of BPA depends on conditions (e.g. greasiness of fingers and use of hand cream). It is, however, still debated whether thermal paper as a source for human exposure contributes significantly to the overall internal BPA exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria K Björnsdotter
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemistry and Nanochemistry, Marie Curie Building (Annex), Campus of Rabanales, University of Córdoba, 14071, Córdoba, Spain; Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Dept. Environment and Health, De Boelelaan 1087, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jacob de Boer
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Dept. Environment and Health, De Boelelaan 1087, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ana Ballesteros-Gómez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemistry and Nanochemistry, Marie Curie Building (Annex), Campus of Rabanales, University of Córdoba, 14071, Córdoba, Spain; Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Dept. Environment and Health, De Boelelaan 1087, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Zhang J, Zhang T, Guan T, Ruan P, Ren D, Dai W, Yu H, Li T. Spectroscopic and molecular modeling approaches to investigate the interaction of bisphenol A, bisphenol F and their diglycidyl ethers with PPARα. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 180:253-258. [PMID: 28411541 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 04/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A fluorescence polarization (FP) assay for the simultaneous determination of bisphenol A (BPA), bisphenol F (BPF), bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) was developed. The method was based on the competition between bisphenols (BPs) and fluorescein-labeled dexamethasone derivative (Dex-fl) for mouse peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α ligand binding domain (mPPARα-LBD). A recombinant soluble protein derivative mPPARα-LBD* was prepared, then in vitro binding of 4 BPs to mPPARα-LBD* was investigated. Fluorescence polarization assay showed that these compounds exhibited different binding potencies with mPPARα-LBD*. Additionally, molecular dynamics simulations were performed to further understand the mechanism of BPs binding affinity for mPPARα-LBD*. Docking results elucidated that the driving forces for the binding of BPs to mPPARα-LBD* were predominantly dependent on hydrophobic and hydrogen-bonding interactions. Comparison of the calculated binding energies vs. experimental binding affinities yielded a good correlation (R2 = 0.7258). The proposed method has potential for multi-residue detection of BPA, BPF, BADGE, and BFDGE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Tiehua Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Tianzhu Guan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Ping Ruan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Dayong Ren
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Weichang Dai
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Hansong Yu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
| | - Tiezhu Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
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Scientific Opinion on the risks to public health related to the presence of bisphenol A (BPA) in foodstuffs. EFSA J 2015. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2015.3978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 528] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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Melnyk A, Wolska L, Namieśnik J. Coacervative extraction as a green technique for sample preparation for the analysis of organic compounds. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1339:1-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.02.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2013] [Revised: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Rezaei F, Yamini Y, Moradi M, Daraei B. Supramolecular solvent-based hollow fiber liquid phase microextraction of benzodiazepines. Anal Chim Acta 2013; 804:135-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2013.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Revised: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/11/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Moradi M, Yamini Y. Surfactant roles in modern sample preparation techniques: A review. J Sep Sci 2012; 35:2319-40. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201200368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2012] [Revised: 05/23/2012] [Accepted: 05/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Determination of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether, novolac glycidyl ether and their derivatives migrated from can coatings into foodstuff by UPLC-MS/MS. Eur Food Res Technol 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-012-1734-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Luque N, Ballesteros-Gómez A, van Leeuwen S, Rubio S. A simple and rapid extraction method for sensitive determination of perfluoroalkyl substances in blood serum suitable for exposure evaluation. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1235:84-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.02.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2011] [Revised: 02/09/2012] [Accepted: 02/17/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Application of vesicular coacervate phase for microextraction based on solidification of floating drop. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1229:30-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2011] [Revised: 12/27/2011] [Accepted: 01/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Moradi M, Yamini Y, Rezaei F, Tahmasebi E, Esrafili A. Development of a new and environment friendly hollow fiber-supported liquid phase microextraction using vesicular aggregate-based supramolecular solvent. Analyst 2012; 137:3549-57. [DOI: 10.1039/c2an35304k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Wei X, Huang Y, Wong MH, Giesy JP, Wong CKC. Assessment of risk to humans of bisphenol A in marine and freshwater fish from Pearl River Delta, China. CHEMOSPHERE 2011; 85:122-8. [PMID: 21700311 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2010] [Revised: 03/09/2011] [Accepted: 05/21/2011] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a high production-volume chemical used in the manufacture of a wide variety of consumer products. However it is also a ubiquitous contaminant that can interfere with endocrine systems of wildlife and humans. China is the "world factory" and the Pearl River Delta is the major manufacturing center and is consequently polluted. Concentrations of BPA in meats of marketable fish had not been previously reported for this region. In the study upon which we report here concentrations of BPA were determined in 20 common species of freshwater and marine fish, collected from markets in Hong Kong, SAR, China. A comprehensive analytical method based on SPE extraction and liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) was developed, validated and applied. The method limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were 0.5 and 1.25 ng g(-1) dw, respectively. BPA was detected in 19 species of fish at concentrations, ranging from 0.5 to 2.0 ng g(-1) ww. Average daily BPA intake per person ranged from 1.1×10(2) ng d(-1) for marine fish and 2.2×10(2) ng d(-1) for freshwater fish. Concentrations of BPA in fish from Hong Kong markets unlikely would be causing adverse population-level effects in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Wei
- Department of Biology, Croucher Institute of Environmental Sciences, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
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Costi EM, Sicilia MD, Rubio S. Multiresidue analysis of sulfonamides in meat by supramolecular solvent microextraction, liquid chromatography and fluorescence detection and method validation according to the 2002/657/EC decision. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:6250-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2010] [Revised: 08/02/2010] [Accepted: 08/06/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Supramolecular solvents in the extraction of organic compounds. A review. Anal Chim Acta 2010; 677:108-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2010.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2010] [Revised: 07/14/2010] [Accepted: 07/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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López-Jiménez FJ, Rubio S, Pérez-Bendito D. Supramolecular solvent-based microextraction of Sudan dyes in chilli-containing foodstuffs prior to their liquid chromatography-photodiode array determination. Food Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.12.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Determination of benzimidazolic fungicides in fruits and vegetables by supramolecular solvent-based microextraction/liquid chromatography/fluorescence detection. Anal Chim Acta 2009; 650:207-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2009.07.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2009] [Revised: 07/21/2009] [Accepted: 07/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Soledad Rubio
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Facultad de Ciencias, Edificio Anexo Marie Curie, Campus de Rabanales, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Dolores Pérez-Bendito
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Facultad de Ciencias, Edificio Anexo Marie Curie, Campus de Rabanales, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
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Pérez Bendito MD, Rubio Bravo S, Lunar Reyes ML, García Prieto A. Determination of bisphenol A in canned fatty foods by coacervative microextraction, liquid chromatography and fluorimetry. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2009; 26:265-74. [DOI: 10.1080/02652030802368740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Ballesteros-Gómez A, Rubio S, Pérez-Bendito D. Analytical methods for the determination of bisphenol A in food. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:449-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 303] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2008] [Revised: 06/23/2008] [Accepted: 06/30/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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