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Petrarca MH, Cunha SC, Fernandes JO. Determination of pesticide residues in soybeans using QuEChERS followed by deep eutectic solvent-based DLLME preconcentration prior to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1727:464999. [PMID: 38788403 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.464999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
A reliable and greener alternative to the usual extraction methods is reported for the determination of pesticide residues in soybeans. This novel approach combines the classical QuEChERS extraction method with a DLLME (dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction) step, utilizing a deep eutectic solvent (DES) - camphor: hexanoic acid (1:1 molar ratio) - as the microextraction solvent. This DES has never been employed in pesticide analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of complex matrices like soybeans. A Plackett-Burman screening design was employed to optimize sample preparation variables of QuEChERS (amount of sodium chloride and magnesium sulfate, and amount of PSA and C18 sorbents) and DLLME (pH of medium, amount of sodium chloride, and volume of microextraction solvent). This design allowed for a systematic evaluation of the impact of each parameter on the method's performance. The optimized method was evaluated using a certified reference material and commercial samples of soybeans. The method exhibited high accuracy and precision for most of the analytes under study, demonstrating its applicability for pesticide residue analysis in soybeans. To assess the greenness and practicality of the developed method, the Analytical Greenness (AGREE) and Blue Applicability Grade Index (BAGI) metric systems were employed, respectively. Overall, the proposed QuEChERS-DLLME method using a DES solvent is a reliable and greener alternative to conventional extraction methods for the determination of pesticide residues in soybeans. Its high performance, coupled with its environmental friendliness, makes it a promising tool for food safety analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateus Henrique Petrarca
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Bromatology and Hydrology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, Porto 4050-313, Portugal
| | - Sara Cristina Cunha
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Bromatology and Hydrology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, Porto 4050-313, Portugal.
| | - José Oliveira Fernandes
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Bromatology and Hydrology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, Porto 4050-313, Portugal
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2
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Ebrahimi A, Ebrahimpour K, Mohammadi F, Moazeni M. Ecotoxicological and human health risk assessment of triclosan antibacterial agent from municipal wastewater treatment plants. JOURNAL OF WATER AND HEALTH 2024; 22:36-51. [PMID: 38295071 PMCID: wh_2023_070 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2023.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
In this study, the occurrence and environmental risks related to triclosan (TCS) in the two wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) were investigated in Isfahan, Iran. Influent and effluent samples were collected and analyzed by dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME)-GC-MS method with derivatization. Moreover, the risk of TCS exposure was conducted for aquatic organisms (algae, crustaceans, and fishes) and humans (males and females). TCS mean concentrations in influent and effluent of WWTPs were in the range of 3.70-52.99 and 0.83-1.09 μg/L, respectively. There were also no differences in the quantity of TCS and physicochemical parameters among the two WWTPs. The mean risk quotient (RQ) for TCS was higher than 1 (in algae) with dilution factors (DFs) equal to 1 in WWTP1. Moreover, the RQ value was higher than 1 for humans based on the reference dose of MDH (RFDMDH) in WWTP1. Furthermore, TCS concentration in wastewater effluent was the influential factor in varying the risk of TCS exposure. The results of the present study showed the risk of TCS exposure from the discharge of effluent of WWTP1 was higher than WWTP2. Moreover, the results of this study may be suitable for promoting WWTP processes to completely remove micropollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afshin Ebrahimi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Environment Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran E-mail: ;
| | - Karim Ebrahimpour
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Environment Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Mohammadi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Environment Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Malihe Moazeni
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Environment Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Moazeni M, Ebrahimpour K, Mohammadi F, Heidari Z, Ebrahimi A. Human health risk assessment of Triclosan in water: spatial analysis of a drinking water system. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:1171. [PMID: 37682384 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11789-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Triclosan (TCS) has been increased in the water during the COVID-19 pandemic because it cannot remove by conventional water treatment. In addition, it can accumulate in the human body over time through long-term exposure. Therefore, the occurrence of TCS in the water treatment plant (WTP) and tap water, and its human health risk assessment through tap water ingestion, dermal absorption, and inhalation routes in Isfahan, Iran, were investigated. Moreover, spatial regression methods were used for the prediction of water quality parameters, TCS concentration, and total hazard quotient (HQ). The average TCS concentration in the influent and effluent of WTP and tap water was 1.6, 1.4, and 0.4 μg/L, respectively. Conventional WTP has low efficiency in the removal of TCS (12.6%) from water. The average values of total HQ for males were 7.79×10-5, 4.97×10-4, and 4.97×10-5 and for females were 3.31×10-5, 2.11×10-4, and 2.11×10-5 based on RfDEPA, RfDMDH, and RfDRodricks, respectively that were in the low-risk levels (HQ<1). Furthermore, TCS concentration in tap water and the ingestion rate of drinking water had the highest effect on the risk of TCS exposure from tap water. The non-carcinogenic health risk of TCS in water was low. The results of this study may be useful for promoting WTP processes to remove emerging pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malihe Moazeni
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Student Research Committee, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Karim Ebrahimpour
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Environment Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Mohammadi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Environment Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zahra Heidari
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Afshin Ebrahimi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
- Environment Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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4
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Hsieh CZ, Chung WH, Ding WH. Experimental design approaches to optimize ultrasound-assisted simultaneous-silylation dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction for the rapid determination of parabens in water samples. RSC Adv 2021; 11:23607-23615. [PMID: 35479786 PMCID: PMC9036600 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra04195a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This work describes a rapid solvent-minimized process to effectively determine four common paraben preservatives (methyl-, ethyl-, propyl- and butyl-paraben) in surface water samples. The method involved the use of a combination of a novel ultrasound-assisted simultaneous-silylation within dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (UASS-DLLME) with detection by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). To overcome the challenges related to the different experimental conditions, multivariate experimental design approaches conducted by means of a multilevel categorical design and a Box–Behnken design were utilized to screen and optimize parameters that have significant influences on the efficiency of silylation and extraction. The method was then validated and shown to provide low limits of quantitation (LOQs; 1–5 ng L−1), high precision (3–11%), and satisfactory mean spiked recoveries (accuracy; 79–101%). Upon analyzing samples of surface water obtained from the field, we found that, in total, there was a relatively high concentration of the target parabens ranging from 200 to 1389 ng L−1. The sources of the elevated levels of these parabens may be from the release of untreated municipal wastewater in this region, and also due to the widespread application of parabens in personal care and food products. This work describes a rapid solvent-minimized process to effectively determine four common paraben preservatives (methyl-, ethyl-, propyl- and butyl-paraben) in surface water samples.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Zhong Hsieh
- Department of Chemistry, National Central University Chung-Li 320 Taiwan +886-3-4227664 +886-3-4227151 ext. 65905
| | - Wu-Hsun Chung
- Department of Chemistry, National Central University Chung-Li 320 Taiwan +886-3-4227664 +886-3-4227151 ext. 65905.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Army Academy ROC Chung-Li 320 Taiwan
| | - Wang-Hsien Ding
- Department of Chemistry, National Central University Chung-Li 320 Taiwan +886-3-4227664 +886-3-4227151 ext. 65905
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Ahmadi-Jouibari T, Noori N, Sharafi K, Fattahi N. Ultra-preconcentration of common herbicides in aqueous samples using solid phase extraction combined with dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction followed by HPLC–UV. TOXIN REV 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2019.1677718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Toraj Ahmadi-Jouibari
- Clinical Research Development Center, Imam Khomeini and Mohammad Kermanshahi and Farabi Hospitals, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Negar Noori
- Clinical Research Development Center, Imam Khomeini and Mohammad Kermanshahi and Farabi Hospitals, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Kiomars Sharafi
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Nazir Fattahi
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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6
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High performance liquid chromatographic determination of triclosan, triclocarban and methyl-triclosan in wastewater using mini-bar micro-solid phase extraction. Microchem J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2019.03.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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7
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García-Córcoles MT, Rodríguez-Gómez R, de Alarcón-Gómez B, Çipa M, Martín-Pozo L, Kauffmann JM, Zafra-Gómez A. Chromatographic Methods for the Determination of Emerging Contaminants in Natural Water and Wastewater Samples: A Review. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2018; 49:160-186. [DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2018.1496010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. T. García-Córcoles
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Research Group of Analytical Chemistry and Life Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - R. Rodríguez-Gómez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Research Group of Analytical Chemistry and Life Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Laboratory of Instrumental Analysis and Bioelectrochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - B. de Alarcón-Gómez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Research Group of Analytical Chemistry and Life Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - M. Çipa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tirana, Tirana, Albania
| | | | - J.-M. Kauffmann
- Laboratory of Instrumental Analysis and Bioelectrochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - A. Zafra-Gómez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Research Group of Analytical Chemistry and Life Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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Nag SK, Das Sarkar S, Manna SK. Triclosan - an antibacterial compound in water, sediment and fish of River Gomti, India. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2018; 28:461-470. [PMID: 29925273 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2018.1487044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Triclosan (TCS), the antibacterial agent commonly used in personal care products is highly toxic to aquatic lives particularly algae, zooplankton and fish. It is bio-accumulative and has endocrine disruptive properties. In this present study, we monitored the occurrence of TCS in water, sediment and fish samples collected from stretch of about 450 km of River Gomti, a major tributary of River Ganga, in India. An isocratic reversed-phase HPLC method was standardized for determination of TCS in samples. In water, TCS was detected in the range of 1.1-9.65 μg/l while in sediments the level was 5.11-50.36 μg/kg. It was also found in fishes of different species in concentrations ranging from 13 to 1040 μg/kg on wet weight basis. However, estimated daily intake of TCS through contaminated fish was much below the acceptable daily intake (50 μg/kg body wt/day) and thus safe from human health hazard point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subir Kumar Nag
- a Fishery Resource and Environmental Management Division , ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute , Barrackpore, Kolkata , India
| | - Soma Das Sarkar
- a Fishery Resource and Environmental Management Division , ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute , Barrackpore, Kolkata , India
| | - Sanjib Kumar Manna
- a Fishery Resource and Environmental Management Division , ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute , Barrackpore, Kolkata , India
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9
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Sajid M. Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction coupled with derivatization: A review of different modes, applications, and green aspects. Trends Analyt Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2018.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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10
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Bilici M, Zengin A, Ekmen E, Cetin D, Aktas N. Efficient and selective separation of metronidazole from human serum by using molecularly imprinted magnetic nanoparticles. J Sep Sci 2018; 41:2952-2960. [PMID: 29813175 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201800428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic molecularly imprinted nanoparticles were prepared through surface-initiated reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer polymerization by using metronidazole as a template. The molecularly imprinted magnetic nanoparticles were characterized by attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and vibrating sample magnetometry. The adsorption characteristics were also investigated and the kinetics of the adsorption of metronidazole on the imprinted nanoparticles were described by the second-order kinetic model with the short equilibrium adsorption time (30 min). The adsorption isotherm was well matched with the Langmuir isotherm in which the maximum adsorption capacity was calculated to be 40.1 mg/g. Furthermore, the imprinted magnetic nanoparticles showed good selectivity as well as reusability even after six adsorption-desorption cycles. The imprinted magnetic nanoparticles were used as a sorbent for the selective separation of metronidazole from human serum. The recoveries of metronidazole from human serum changed between 97.5 and 99.8% and showed similar sensitivity as an enzyme-linked immunoassay method. Therefore, the molecularly imprinted magnetic nanoparticles might have potential application for the selective and reliable separation of metronidazole from biological fluids in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Bilici
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey
| | - Adem Zengin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey
| | - Elvan Ekmen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey
| | - Demet Cetin
- Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Gazi Faculty of Education, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nahit Aktas
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey
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11
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Wang X, Gao M, Gao J, Wang X, Ma M, Wang H. Extraction of triclosan and methyltriclosan in human fluids by in situ ionic liquid morphologic transformation. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2018; 1092:19-28. [PMID: 29879592 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2018.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we established an ionic liquid (IL)-based liquid-solid transformation microextraction (IL-LTME) combined with HPLC-UV detection for the simultaneous determination of triclosan (TCS) and its methylated product, methyltriclosan (MTCS), in human fluids. The IL-LTME method was based on an in situ metathesis between hydrophilic IL and ion-exchange salt to form a solid hydrophobic IL. According to the above principle, a hydrophilic IL, [C12MIM]Br, was selected as the extractant, and NH4PF6 as ion-exchange salt. The prominent advantages of the newly developed method are: (1) the in-situ reaction between the extractant [C12MIM]Br and ion-exchange salt NH4PF6 changed the IL from hydrophilic to hydrophobic that avoiding the stick of ionic liquid on the tube wall; (2) bubbling with NH3 greatly increased the contact area between IL-extractant and analytes resulting in improved extraction recovery; and (3) solidification of the [C12MIM] PF6 provided a good separation and avoided the use of specialized equipment. A series of main parameters were optimized by single-factor screening and central composite design as follows: 0.9 mL of NaOH, 2.0 min of second ultrasonically time, 10 min of centrifugation time, 21 mg of extractant [C12MIM]PF6, 2.4 min of ultrasonic time, 65 mg of NH4PF6 and 13.8 min of cooling time. Under the optimized conditions, the limits of detection for TCS and MTCS were 0.126-0.161 μg L-1 in plasma samples, and 0.211-0.254 μg L-1 in urine samples, respectively. The extraction recoveries for TCS and MTCS were in the range of 94.1-103.8%. The intra-day and inter-day precisions were 1.00-4.74% and 1.02-5.21%, respectively. In general, the IL-LTME method is environment-friendly, time-saving, economical, high efficient and robust with low detection limits and high recoveries. Thus, the newly developed method has excellent prospects for sample pretreatment and analysis of trace TCS and MTCS in blood and urine samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuran Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China; School of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Science & Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ming Gao
- Key Laboratory of Watershed Science and Health of Zhejiang Province, College of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Jiajia Gao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Xuedong Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Meiping Ma
- Key Laboratory of Watershed Science and Health of Zhejiang Province, College of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
| | - Huili Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China.
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12
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Suárez R, Clavijo S, González A, Cerdà V. Determination of herbicides in environmental water samples by simultaneous in-syringe magnetic stirring-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction and silylation followed by GC-MS. J Sep Sci 2018; 41:1096-1103. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201700875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Suárez
- Group of Analytical Chemistry; Automation and Environment; University of the Balearic Islands; Palma de Mallorca Spain
| | - Sabrina Clavijo
- Sciware Systems; S.L.; spin-off of the University of the Balearic Islands; Bunyola Spain
| | - Alba González
- Sciware Systems; S.L.; spin-off of the University of the Balearic Islands; Bunyola Spain
| | - Víctor Cerdà
- Group of Analytical Chemistry; Automation and Environment; University of the Balearic Islands; Palma de Mallorca Spain
- Sciware Systems; S.L.; spin-off of the University of the Balearic Islands; Bunyola Spain
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13
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Salting-out-enhanced ionic liquid microextraction with a dual-role solvent for simultaneous determination of trace pollutants with a wide polarity range in aqueous samples. Anal Bioanal Chem 2017; 409:6287-6303. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0579-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 07/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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14
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Zhao L, Cao W, Xue X, Wang M, Wu L, Yu L. Occurrence of erythromycin and its degradation products residues in honey. Validation of an analytical method. J Sep Sci 2017; 40:1353-1360. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201601257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liuwei Zhao
- Institute of Apicultural Research; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Beijing P.R. China
| | - Weirui Cao
- Institute of Apicultural Research; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Beijing P.R. China
| | - Xiaofeng Xue
- Institute of Apicultural Research; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Beijing P.R. China
| | - Miao Wang
- Institute of Apicultural Research; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Beijing P.R. China
| | - Liming Wu
- Institute of Apicultural Research; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Beijing P.R. China
| | - Linsheng Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology of Anhui Agricultural University; Hefei P.R. China
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15
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Lindholm-Lehto PC, Ahkola HSJ, Knuutinen JS. Procedures of determining organic trace compounds in municipal sewage sludge-a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:4383-4412. [PMID: 27966086 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-8202-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Sewage sludge is the largest by-product generated during the wastewater treatment process. Since large amounts of sludge are being produced, different ways of disposal have been introduced. One tempting option is to use it as fertilizer in agricultural fields due to its high contents of inorganic nutrients. This, however, can be limited by the amount of trace contaminants in the sewage sludge, containing a variety of microbiological pollutants and pathogens but also inorganic and organic contaminants. The bioavailability and the effects of trace contaminants on the microorganisms of soil are still largely unknown as well as their mixture effects. Therefore, there is a need to analyze the sludge to test its suitability before further use. In this article, a variety of sampling, pretreatment, extraction, and analysis methods have been reviewed. Additionally, different organic trace compounds often found in the sewage sludge and their methods of analysis have been compiled. In addition to traditional Soxhlet extraction, the most common extraction methods of organic contaminants in sludge include ultrasonic extraction (USE), supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), and pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) followed by instrumental analysis based on gas or liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra C Lindholm-Lehto
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014, Jyväskylä, Finland.
| | - Heidi S J Ahkola
- Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE), Survontie 9 A, FI-40500, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Juha S Knuutinen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014, Jyväskylä, Finland
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16
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Montaseri H, Forbes PB. A review of monitoring methods for triclosan and its occurrence in aquatic environments. Trends Analyt Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2016.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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17
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Experimental and molecular docking investigation on metal-organic framework MIL-101(Cr) as a sorbent for vortex assisted dispersive micro-solid-phase extraction of trace 5-nitroimidazole residues in environmental water samples prior to UPLC-MS/MS analysis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 408:8515-8528. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-9977-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Salierno JD, Lopes M, Rivera M. Latent effects of early life stage exposure to triclosan on survival in fathead minnows, Pimephales promelas. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2016; 51:695-702. [PMID: 27333258 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2016.1191908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of early life stage triclosan (5-chloro-2-(2,4, dichlorophenoxy)phenol, TCS) exposure on hatching, development, and survival in the fathead minnow, Pimephales promelas. Embryonic minnows were exposed to TCS (50 and 100 µg L-1) for 10 days followed by 6 weeks depuration. Mortality and morphological deformities were recorded and quantified during exposure and at the end of depuration. No significant effects on embryonic survival, time to reach the eyed stage, or hatching were found. However, at the conclusion of the depuration period, survival was significantly reduced in TCS exposed fish depending on the concentration. Visual inspection of the exposed fish suggests that mortality is related to spinal deformities, emaciation, and reduced foraging ability. Triclosan exhibits deleterious effects in fish at lower concentrations over longer durations than previously reported. Further, mortality in exposed fish 6 weeks after exposure demonstrates the need for various exposure assays to evaluate effects of TCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- James D Salierno
- a Department of Biology and Allied Health Sciences , Fairleigh Dickinson University , Madison , New Jersey , USA
| | - Melissa Lopes
- a Department of Biology and Allied Health Sciences , Fairleigh Dickinson University , Madison , New Jersey , USA
| | - Michelle Rivera
- a Department of Biology and Allied Health Sciences , Fairleigh Dickinson University , Madison , New Jersey , USA
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In-syringe magnetic stirring-assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction and silylation prior gas chromatography–mass spectrometry for ultraviolet filters determination in environmental water samples. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1443:26-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Wang H, Gao J, Yu N, Qu J, Fang F, Wang H, Wang M, Wang X. Development of a novel naphthoic acid ionic liquid and its application in "no-organic solvent microextraction" for determination of triclosan and methyltriclosan in human fluids and the method optimization by central composite design. Talanta 2016; 154:381-91. [PMID: 27154690 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2016.03.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In traditional ionic liquids (ILs)-based microextraction, the hydrophobic and hydrophilic ILs are often used as extractant and disperser, respectively. However, the functional effects of ILs are not utilized in microextraction procedures. Herein, we introduced 1-naphthoic acid into imidazolium ring to synthesize a novel ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium naphthoic acid salt ([C4MIM][NPA]), and its structure was characterized by IR, (1)H NMR and MS. On the basis of its acidic property and lower solubility than common [CnMIM][BF4], it was used as a mixing dispersive solvent with [C4MIM][BF4] in "functionalized ionic liquid-based no organic solvent microextraction (FIL-NOSM)". Utilization of [C4MIM][NPA] in FIL-NOSM procedures has two obvious advantages: (1) it promoted the non-polar environment, increased volume of the sedimented phase, and thus could enhance the extraction recoveries of triclosan (TCS) and methyltriclosan (MTCS) by more than 10%; and (2) because of the acidic property, it can act as a pH modifier, avoiding extra pH adjustment step. By combining single factor optimization and central composite design, the main factors in the FIL-NOSM method were optimized. Under the optimal conditions, the relative recoveries of TCS and MTCS reached up to 98.60-106.09%, and the LODs of them were as low as 0.12-0.15µgL(-1) in plasma and urine samples. In total, this [C4MIM][NPA]-based FIL-NOSM method provided high extraction efficiency, and required less pretreatment time and unutilized any organic solvent. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first application of [C4mim][NPA]-based microextraction method for the simultaneous quantification of trace TCS and MTCS in human fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Watershed Sciences and Health of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Jiajia Gao
- Key Laboratory of Watershed Sciences and Health of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Nana Yu
- Key Laboratory of Watershed Sciences and Health of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Jingang Qu
- Key Laboratory of Watershed Sciences and Health of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Fang Fang
- Key Laboratory of Watershed Sciences and Health of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Huili Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
| | - Mei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Watershed Sciences and Health of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Xuedong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Watershed Sciences and Health of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
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Saraji M, Ghambari H. Suitability of dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction for the in situ silylation of chlorophenols in water samples before gas chromatography with mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2015; 38:3552-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201500556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2015] [Revised: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Saraji
- Department of Chemistry; Isfahan University of Technology; Isfahan Iran
| | - Hoda Ghambari
- Department of Chemistry; Isfahan University of Technology; Isfahan Iran
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Ribeiro C, Ribeiro AR, Maia AS, Gonçalves VMF, Tiritan ME. New trends in sample preparation techniques for environmental analysis. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2015; 44:142-85. [PMID: 25391434 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2013.833850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Environmental samples include a wide variety of complex matrices, with low concentrations of analytes and presence of several interferences. Sample preparation is a critical step and the main source of uncertainties in the analysis of environmental samples, and it is usually laborious, high cost, time consuming, and polluting. In this context, there is increasing interest in developing faster, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly sample preparation techniques. Recently, new methods have been developed and optimized in order to miniaturize extraction steps, to reduce solvent consumption or become solventless, and to automate systems. This review attempts to present an overview of the fundamentals, procedure, and application of the most recently developed sample preparation techniques for the extraction, cleanup, and concentration of organic pollutants from environmental samples. These techniques include: solid phase microextraction, on-line solid phase extraction, microextraction by packed sorbent, dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction, and QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe).
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia Ribeiro
- a CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde , Gandra , Portugal
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Determination of atranol and chloroatranol in perfumes using simultaneous derivatization and dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction followed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2014; 826:28-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2014.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Revised: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Seebunrueng K, Santaladchaiyakit Y, Srijaranai S. Vortex-assisted low density solvent based demulsified dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction and high-performance liquid chromatography for the determination of organophosphorus pesticides in water samples. CHEMOSPHERE 2014; 103:51-8. [PMID: 24332733 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Revised: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A simple, rapid, effective and eco-friendly preconcentration method, vortex-assisted low density solvent based solvent demulsified dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (VLDS-SD-DLLME), followed by high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) analysis, has been developed for the first time for the determination of four organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) (e.g., azinphos-methyl, parathion-methyl, fenitrothion and diazinon) in environmental water samples. In this preconcentration procedure, an emulsion was obtained after the mixture of extraction solvent (1-dodecanol) and dispersive solvent (acetonitrile, ACN) was injected rapidly into 10 mL of the sample solution. The vortex agitator aided the dispersion of the extraction solvent into the sample solution. After the formation of an emulsion, the demulsifier (ACN) was added, resulting in the rapid separation of the mixture into two phases without centrifugation. Under optimal conditions, the proposed method provided high extraction efficiency (90-99%), good linearity range (0.5-500 ng mL(-1)), low limits of detection (0.25-1 ng mL(-1)) and good repeatability and recoveries were obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ketsarin Seebunrueng
- Materials Chemistry Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Yanawath Santaladchaiyakit
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Rajamangala University of Technology Isan, Khon Kaen Campus, Khon Kaen 40000, Thailand
| | - Supalax Srijaranai
- Materials Chemistry Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
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Esteban S, Gorga M, Petrovic M, González-Alonso S, Barceló D, Valcárcel Y. Analysis and occurrence of endocrine-disrupting compounds and estrogenic activity in the surface waters of Central Spain. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2014; 466-467:939-51. [PMID: 23978587 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.07.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Revised: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) are chemical compounds with the ability to alter the hormonal systems of organisms. Such compounds are used in several industrial and domestic activities and reach the aquatic environment via wastewater discharge. The aim of this study is to assess the occurrence of 30 EDCs and related compounds in the surface waters of central Spain and to determine the overall estrogenic activity of environmental samples. This study analyzed a large number of EDCs and other emergent or suspected compounds with endocrine-disrupting activity. The results have shown the presence of 19 EDCs at concentrations ranging from 2 to 5928 ng L(-1). Organophosphorus-based flame retardants, alkylphenolic compounds and anticorrosives were found at the highest concentrations. Furthermore, although insufficient data are available to calculate an average over time, these preliminary results show the need to monitor the waters in both rivers studied. Alkylphenolic compounds, particularly nonylphenol, were the main contributors to overall estrogenicity. A higher concentration of the compounds studied was detected in the river Jarama, although the estrogenicity expressed as estradiol equivalents (EEQs) was higher in the river Manzanares due to a higher concentration of nonylphenol. However, the total estrogenicity did not exceed 1 ng L(-1) (EEQ), which is the level that may cause estrogenic effects in aquatic organisms, in any of the samples. In conclusion, the potential estrogenic risk in both rivers is low, although organophosphorus-based flame retardants may increase this risk as they were found at high levels in all samples. Unfortunately, these compounds could not be taken into account when calculating the estrogenic activity due to the lack of activity data for them. For future investigations, it will be important to assess the estrogenicity provided by these flame retardants. Due to the significant concentrations of EDCs detected in both rivers, further studies in this region are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Esteban
- Deparment of Preventive Medicine, Public Health, Inmunology and Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Rey Juan Carlos University, Avda. Atenas, s/n. 28922 Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
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26
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Occurrence of PCPs in Natural Waters from Europe. THE HANDBOOK OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/698_2014_276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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27
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Recent developments in dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction. Anal Bioanal Chem 2013; 406:2027-66. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-013-7467-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Revised: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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28
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Wang MH, Chang HW, Wang SP. Analysis of Sulfonamides by Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry and Capillary Electrophoresis Combing with Voltage-Assisted Liquid-Phase Microextraction. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201300326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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29
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Alcudia-León M, Lucena R, Cárdenas S, Valcárcel M. Determination of parabens in waters by magnetically confined hydrophobic nanoparticle microextraction coupled to gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Microchem J 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2013.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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30
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Applications of microextraction techniques in environmental analysis. Se Pu 2013. [DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1123.2010.00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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31
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Ultrasound-assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction plus simultaneous silylation for rapid determination of salicylate and benzophenone-type ultraviolet filters in aqueous samples. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1302:20-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Revised: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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32
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Determination of ultra traces of lead in water samples after combined solid-phase extraction–dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-013-0294-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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33
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Yan H, Wang H. Recent development and applications of dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1295:1-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.04.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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34
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Lin H, Wang J, Zeng L, Li G, Sha Y, Wu D, Liu B. Development of solvent micro-extraction combined with derivatization. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1296:235-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Revised: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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35
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Song G, Zhu C, Hu Y, Chen J, Cheng H. Determination of organic pollutants in coking wastewater by dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction/GC/MS. J Sep Sci 2013; 36:1644-51. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201201151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2012] [Revised: 01/26/2013] [Accepted: 02/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guoxin Song
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering; Fudan University; Shanghai P. R. China
- Center for Analysis & Measurement; Fudan University; Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Chunyan Zhu
- Shanghai Baosteel Chemical Co. Ltd; Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Yaoming Hu
- Center for Analysis & Measurement; Fudan University; Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Jianmin Chen
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering; Fudan University; Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Hefa Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry; Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Guangzhou P. R. China
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Jia S, Ryu Y, Kwon SW, Lee J. An in situ benzoylation-dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction method based on solidification of floating organic droplets for determination of biogenic amines by liquid chromatography–ultraviolet analysis. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1282:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2012] [Revised: 12/24/2012] [Accepted: 01/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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37
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Rapid determination of triclosan in personal care products using new in-tube based ultrasound-assisted salt-induced liquid–liquid microextraction coupled with high performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detection. Anal Chim Acta 2013; 767:81-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2013.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2012] [Revised: 01/02/2013] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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38
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On-line solid-phase microextraction of triclosan, bisphenol A, chlorophenols, and selected pharmaceuticals in environmental water samples by high-performance liquid chromatography–ultraviolet detection. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 405:377-87. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-6490-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2012] [Revised: 10/06/2012] [Accepted: 10/08/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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39
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Shen JY, Chang MS, Yang SH, Wu GJ. SIMULTANEOUS AND RAPID DETERMINATION OF TRICLOSAN, TRICLOCARBAN AND THEIR FOUR RELATED TRANSFORMATION PRODUCTS IN WATER SAMPLES USING SPME-HPLC-DAD. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2011.631258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jermiah Y. Shen
- a Department of Chemistry , National Taiwan Normal University , Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Matt S. Chang
- a Department of Chemistry , National Taiwan Normal University , Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Hsiung Yang
- a Department of Chemistry , National Taiwan Normal University , Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Gaston J. Wu
- a Department of Chemistry , National Taiwan Normal University , Taipei , Taiwan
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40
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Shamsipur M, Fattahi N, Pirsaheb M, Sharafi K. Simultaneous preconcentration and determination of 2,4-D, alachlor and atrazine in aqueous samples using dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction followed by high-performance liquid chromatography ultraviolet detection. J Sep Sci 2012; 35:2718-24. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201200424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2012] [Revised: 04/27/2012] [Accepted: 06/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nazir Fattahi
- Department of of Chemistry; Razi University; Kermanshah Iran
| | - Meghdad Pirsaheb
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering; Kermanshah Health Research Center; Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences; Kermanshah Iran
| | - Kiomars Sharafi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering; Kermanshah Health Research Center; Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences; Kermanshah Iran
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41
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Microwave assisted extraction combined with dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction as a sensitive sample preparation method for the determination of haloanisoles and halophenols in cork stoppers and oak barrel sawdust. Food Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.12.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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42
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Bedoux G, Roig B, Thomas O, Dupont V, Le Bot B. Occurrence and toxicity of antimicrobial triclosan and by-products in the environment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2012; 19:1044-65. [PMID: 22057832 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-011-0632-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2011] [Accepted: 09/28/2011] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND AIMS A review was undertaken on the occurrence, toxicity, and degradation of triclosan (TCS; 5-chloro-2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenol) in the environment. TCS is a synthetic, broad-spectrum antibacterial agent incorporated in a wide variety of household and personal care products such as hand soap, toothpaste, and deodorants but also in textile fibers used in a range of other consumer products (e.g., toys, undergarments and cutting boards among other things). OCCURRENCE Because of its partial elimination in sewage treatment plants, most reports describe TCS as one of the most commonly encountered substances in solid and water environmental compartments. It has been detected in a microgram per liter or microgram per kilogram level in sewage treatment plants (influents, effluents, and sludges), natural waters (rivers, lakes, and estuarine waters), and sediments as well as in drinking water. TOXICITY Moreover, due to its high hydrophobicity, TCS can accumulate in fatty tissues and has been found in fish and human samples (urine, breast milk, and serum). TCS is known to be biodegradable, photo-unstable, and reactive towards chlorine and ozone. DISCUSSION As a consequence, it can be transformed into potentially more toxic and persistent compounds, such as chlorinated phenols and biphenyl ethers after chlorination, methyl triclosan after biological methylation, and chlorinated dibenzodioxins after photooxidation. The toxicity of TCS toward aquatic organisms like fish, crustaceans, and algae has been demonstrated with EC50 values near TCS environmental concentrations. It has even been shown to produce cytotoxic, genotoxic, and endocrine disruptor effects. CONCLUSION Furthermore, the excessive use of TCS is suspected to increase the risk of emergence of TCS-resistant bacteria and the selection of resistant strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilles Bedoux
- Université Européenne de Bretagne, Université de Bretagne Sud, Vannes Cedex, France.
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43
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Zacharis CK, Rotsias I, Zachariadis PG, Zotos A. Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction for the determination of organochlorine pesticides residues in honey by gas chromatography-electron capture and ion trap mass spectrometric detection. Food Chem 2012; 134:1665-72. [PMID: 25005997 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.03.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2011] [Revised: 02/28/2012] [Accepted: 03/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A simple dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) protocol for the determination of 15 organochlorine pesticides residues in honey is proposed. The selected pesticides were separated using gas chromatography and detected by electron capture (ECD) or ion trap mass spectrometry (GC-IT/MS). Several parameters affecting the extraction efficiency namely type and volume of organic extraction solvent, type and volume of disperser solvent, sample pH, ionic strength, extraction time and centrifugation speed were systematically investigated. The final DLLME protocol involved the addition of 750 μL acetonitrile (disperser) and 50 μL chloroform (extraction solvent) into a 5 mL aqueous honey solution followed by centrifugation. The sedimented organic phase (chloroform) were analysed directly by GC-IT/MS or evaporated and reconstituted in acetonitrile prior to the GC-ECD analysis. The analytical performance of the GC-ECD and GC-IT/MS methods was compared and discussed. Under the selected experimental conditions, the enrichment factors varied between of 36 and 114. The limits of detection (LOD) were in the range of 0.02-0.15 μg L(-1) (0.4-3 ng g(-1)) for GC-ECD and 0.01-0.2 μg L(-1) (0.2-4 ng g(-1)) for GC-IT/MS which is adequate to verify compliance of products to legal tolerances. The proposed method was applied to the analysis of the selected organochlorine pesticides residues in various honey samples obtained from Greek region. Mean recoveries were ranged from 75% to 119% while the precision was better than 20% in both methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantinos K Zacharis
- Research Laboratory for the Physical and Chemical Testing of Foods, Department of Food Technology, School of Food Technology and Nutrition, Alexander Technological Educational Institute (ATEI) of Thessaloniki, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece; Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ilias Rotsias
- Research Laboratory for the Physical and Chemical Testing of Foods, Department of Food Technology, School of Food Technology and Nutrition, Alexander Technological Educational Institute (ATEI) of Thessaloniki, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Petros G Zachariadis
- Research Laboratory for the Physical and Chemical Testing of Foods, Department of Food Technology, School of Food Technology and Nutrition, Alexander Technological Educational Institute (ATEI) of Thessaloniki, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Anastasios Zotos
- Research Laboratory for the Physical and Chemical Testing of Foods, Department of Food Technology, School of Food Technology and Nutrition, Alexander Technological Educational Institute (ATEI) of Thessaloniki, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece
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Diao CP, Wei CH, Feng CH. Rapid Determination of Benzene Derivatives in Water Samples by Trace Volume Solvent DLLME prior to GC-FID. Chromatographia 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-012-2215-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Cabaleiro N, Pena-Pereira F, de la Calle I, Bendicho C, Lavilla I. Determination of triclosan by cuvetteless UV–vis micro-spectrophotometry following simultaneous ultrasound assisted emulsification–microextraction with derivatization: Use of a micellar-ionic liquid as extractant. Microchem J 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2011.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Shamsipur M, Fattahi N. Extraction and determination of opium alkaloids in urine samples using dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction followed by high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2011; 879:2978-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2011.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2011] [Revised: 08/24/2011] [Accepted: 08/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Zheng C, Zhao J, Bao P, Gao J, He J. Dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction based on solidification of floating organic droplet followed by high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry for the determination of triclosan and 2,4-dichlorophenol in water samples. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:3830-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.04.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2011] [Revised: 04/14/2011] [Accepted: 04/16/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Zhou Q, Zhao N, Xie G. Determination of lead in environmental waters with dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction prior to atomic fluorescence spectrometry. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2011; 189:48-53. [PMID: 21398026 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.01.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2010] [Revised: 01/27/2011] [Accepted: 01/31/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
This paper established a new, rapid and sensitive method for the determination of lead in water samples preconcentrated by dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) prior to atomic fluorescence spectrometry. Dithizone was used as the chelating agent. In the DLLME procedure, lead formed lead-dithizone complex and migrated into the carbon tetrachloride micro-droplets. Important factors that would affect the extraction efficiency had been investigated including the kind and volume of extraction solvent and dispersive solvent, sample pH, the amount of chelating agent, extraction time and centrifugation time. The results showed that the coexisting ions containing in water samples had no obvious negative effect on the determination of lead. The experimental results indicated that the proposed method had a good linear range of 0.01-100 ng mL(-1) (r(2) = 0.9990). The precision was 2.12% (RSD, n = 7) and the detection limit was 0.95 ng L(-1). Proposed method was validated with four real environmental samples and the results indicated that the proposed method was excellent for the future use and satisfied spiked recoveries were in the range of 92.9-97.4%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxiang Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, Henan Normal University, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Xinxiang 453007, China.
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Mahugo-Santana C, Sosa-Ferrera Z, Torres-Padrón ME, Santana-Rodríguez JJ. Application of new approaches to liquid-phase microextraction for the determination of emerging pollutants. Trends Analyt Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2011.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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