1
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Selemani MA, Martin RS. Use of 3D printing to integrate microchip electrophoresis with amperometric detection. Anal Bioanal Chem 2024; 416:4749-4758. [PMID: 38581532 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-024-05260-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
This paper describes the use of PolyJet 3D printing to fabricate microchip electrophoresis devices with integrated microwire electrodes for amperometric detection. The fabrication process involves 3D printing of two separate pieces, a channel layer and an electrode layer. The channel layer is created by 3D printing on a pre-fabricated mold with a T-intersection. For the electrode layer, a stencil design is printed directly on the printing tray and covered with a piece of transparent glass. Microwire electrodes are adhered over the glass piece (guided by underlaying stencil) and a CAD design of the electrode layer is then printed on top of the microwire electrode. After delamination from the glass after printing, the microwire is embedded in the printed piece, with the stencil design ensuring that alignment and positioning of the electrode is reproducible for each print. After a thermal bonding step between the channel layer and electrode layer, a complete electrophoresis device with integrated microelectrodes for amperometric detection results. It is shown that this approach enables different microwire electrodes (gold or platinum) and sizes (100 or 50 µm) to be integrated in an end-channel configuration with no gap between the electrode and the separation channel. These devices were used to separate a mixture of catecholamines and the effect of separation voltage on the potential voltage applied on the working electrode was also investigated. In addition, the effect of electrode size on the number of theoretical plates and limit of detection was studied. Finally, a device that contains different channel heights and a detection electrode was 3D-printed to integrate continuous flow sampling with microchip electrophoresis and amperometric detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Major A Selemani
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - R Scott Martin
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO, USA.
- Center for Additive Manufacturing, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO, USA.
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2
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Zhou X, Liu X, Zhao H, Guo G, Jiang X, Liu S, Sun X, Yang H. Research advances in microfluidic collection and detection of virus, bacterial, and fungal bioaerosols. Mikrochim Acta 2024; 191:132. [PMID: 38351367 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-024-06213-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Bioaerosols are airborne suspensions of fine solid or liquid particles containing biological substances such as viruses, bacteria, cellular debris, fungal spores, mycelium, and byproducts of microbial metabolism. The global Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and the previous emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), and influenza have increased the need for reliable and effective monitoring tools for bioaerosols. Bioaerosol collection and detection have aroused considerable attention. Current bioaerosol sampling and detection techniques suffer from long response time, low sensitivity, and high costs, and these drawbacks have forced the development of novel monitoring strategies. Microfluidic technique is considered a breakthrough for high performance analysis of bioaerosols. In recent years, several emerging methods based on microfluidics have been developed and reported for collection and detection of bioaerosols. The unique advantages of microfluidic technique have enabled the integration of bioaerosol collection and detection, which has a higher efficiency over conventional methods. This review focused on the research progress of bioaerosol collection and detection methods based on microfluidic techniques, with special attention on virus aerosols and bacterial aerosols. Different from the existing reviews, this work took a unique perspective of the targets to be collected and detected in bioaerosols, which would provide a direct index of bioaerosol categories readers may be interested in. We also discussed integrated microfluidic monitoring system for bioaerosols. Additionally, the application of bioaerosol detection in biomedicine was presented. Finally, the current challenges in the field of bioaerosol monitoring are presented and an outlook given of future developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Zhou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Fourth Hospital of China Medical University, No. 4, Chongshan East Road, Huanggu District, Shenyang, 110032, Liaoning, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Fourth Hospital of China Medical University, No. 4, Chongshan East Road, Huanggu District, Shenyang, 110032, Liaoning, China
| | - Haiyang Zhao
- Teaching Center for Basic Medical Experiment, China Medical University, No.77, Puhe Road, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Guanqi Guo
- Teaching Center for Basic Medical Experiment, China Medical University, No.77, Puhe Road, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xiran Jiang
- School of Intelligent Medicine, China Medical University, No.77, Puhe Road, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning Province, China.
| | - Shuo Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Fourth Hospital of China Medical University, No. 4, Chongshan East Road, Huanggu District, Shenyang, 110032, Liaoning, China.
| | - Xiaoting Sun
- School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, No.77, Puhe Road, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning Province, China.
| | - Huazhe Yang
- School of Intelligent Medicine, China Medical University, No.77, Puhe Road, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning Province, China.
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3
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Arantes IV, Crapnell RD, Bernalte E, Whittingham MJ, Paixão TRLC, Banks CE. Mixed Graphite/Carbon Black Recycled PLA Conductive Additive Manufacturing Filament for the Electrochemical Detection of Oxalate. Anal Chem 2023; 95:15086-15093. [PMID: 37768700 PMCID: PMC10568530 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c03193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Mixing of graphite and carbon black (CB) alongside recycled poly(lactic acid) and castor oil to create an electrically conductive additive manufacturing filament without the use of solvents is reported herein. The additively manufactured electrodes (AMEs) were electrochemically benchmarked against a commercial conductive filament and a bespoke filament utilizing only CB. The graphite/CB produced a heterogeneous rate constant, k0, of 1.26 (±0.23) × 10-3 cm s-1 and resistance of only 155 ± 15 Ω, compared to 0.30 (±0.03) × 10-3 cm s-1 and 768 ± 96 Ω for the commercial AME. Including graphite within the filament reduced the cost of printing each AME from £0.09, with the CB-only filament, to £0.05. The additive manufacturing filament was successfully used to create an electroanalytical sensing platform for the detection of oxalate within a linear range of 10-500 μM, achieving a sensitivity of 0.0196 μA/μM, LOD of 5.7 μM and LOQ of 18.8 μM was obtained. Additionally, the cell was tested toward the detection of oxalate within a spiked synthetic urine sample, obtaining recoveries of 104%. This work highlights how, using mixed material composites, excellent electrochemical performance can be obtained at a reduced material cost, while also greatly improving the sustainability of the system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iana V.
S. Arantes
- Faculty
of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan
University, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, U.K.
- Departmento
de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Robert D. Crapnell
- Faculty
of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan
University, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, U.K.
| | - Elena Bernalte
- Faculty
of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan
University, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, U.K.
| | - Matthew J. Whittingham
- Faculty
of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan
University, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, U.K.
| | - Thiago R. L. C. Paixão
- Departmento
de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Craig E. Banks
- Faculty
of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan
University, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, U.K.
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4
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Misiewicz B, Mencer D, Terzaghi W, VanWert AL. Analytical Methods for Oxalate Quantification: The Ubiquitous Organic Anion. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28073206. [PMID: 37049969 PMCID: PMC10096325 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28073206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxalate is a divalent organic anion that affects many biological and commercial processes. It is derived from plant sources, such as spinach, rhubarb, tea, cacao, nuts, and beans, and therefore is commonly found in raw or processed food products. Oxalate can also be made endogenously by humans and other mammals as a byproduct of hepatic enzymatic reactions. It is theorized that plants use oxalate to store calcium and protect against herbivory. Clinically, oxalate is best known to be a major component of kidney stones, which commonly contain calcium oxalate crystals. Oxalate can induce an inflammatory response that decreases the immune system's ability to remove renal crystals. When formulated with platinum as oxaliplatin (an anticancer drug), oxalate has been proposed to cause neurotoxicity and nerve pain. There are many sectors of industry that are hampered by oxalate, and others that depend on it. For example, calcium oxalate is troublesome in the pulp industry and the alumina industry as it deposits on machinery. On the other hand, oxalate is a common active component of rust removal and cleaning products. Due to its ubiquity, there is interest in developing efficient methods to quantify oxalate. Over the past four decades, many diverse methods have been reported. These approaches include electrochemical detection, liquid chromatography or gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry, enzymatic degradation of oxalate with oxalate oxidase and detection of hydrogen peroxide produced, and indicator displacement-based methods employing fluorescent or UV light-absorbing compounds. Enhancements in sensitivity have been reported for both electrochemical and mass-spectrometry-based methods as recently as this year. Indicator-based methods have realized a surge in interest that continues to date. The diversity of these approaches, in terms of instrumentation, sample preparation, and sensitivity, has made it clear that no single method will work best for every purpose. This review describes the strengths and limitations of each method, and may serve as a reference for investigators to decide which approach is most suitable for their work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Misiewicz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nesbitt School of Pharmacy, Wilkes University, Wilkes-Barre, PA 18766, USA
| | - Donald Mencer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Wilkes University, Wilkes-Barre, PA 18766, USA
| | - William Terzaghi
- Department of Biology and Earth Sciences, Wilkes University, Wilkes-Barre, PA 18766, USA
| | - Adam L VanWert
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nesbitt School of Pharmacy, Wilkes University, Wilkes-Barre, PA 18766, USA
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Qian J, Li H, Wang Y, Li Y, Yu J, Zhou L, Pu Q. Zwitterionic surfactant as an additive for efficient electrophoretic separation of easily absorbed rhodamine dyes on plastic microchips. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1688:463716. [PMID: 36565653 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Plastic microchips possess the advantages of easy fabrication and low-cost, but their surface properties are frequently incompatible with electrophoretic separation without proper surface modification. Meanwhile, the separation microchannels on typical microchips are usually only a few centimeters long, the pressurized flow may significantly affect the electrophoretic separation if their inner diameters (id) are relatively larger (approximately > 50 μm), viscous separation medium is therefore required for efficient separation. Herein, a zwitterionic surfactant, N-hexadecyl-N,N-dimethyl-3-ammonio-1-propane sulfonate (HDAPS), was used as a multifunctional additive to inhibit the analyte adsorption, improve the surface status, control Joule heating and modulate the resolution on cyclic olefin copolymer microchips with 80 μm id, 5 cm long separation microchannels, eliminating the necessity of viscous polymeric additives. The effectiveness of HDAPS was compared with an ionic polymeric additive, poly(diallydimethylammonium chloride). The streaming potential and electroosmotic flow measurements indicated an effective inhibition of the adsorption of rhodamine B and a stable negative surface charge with zwitterionic HDAPS. Using 15 mmol/L HDAPS, 40% (v/v) methanol, and 10 mmol/L boric acid (pH 3.2) as the running buffer, rapid separation of four rhodamines was achieved within 90 s under a separation electric field of 520 V/cm. The theoretical plate numbers were in a range of 5.0×105-6.9×105/m. The relative standard deviations were no more than 0.9% for retention time and 1.5% for peak area. The proposed system was verified by the determination of rhodamines in eyeshadow and wolfberry, with standard recoveries in a range of 98.2%-101.4%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metals Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Hongli Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metals Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Yuanhang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metals Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Yixuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metals Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Jie Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metals Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metals Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China.
| | - Qiaosheng Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metals Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China.
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6
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Ezrre S, Reyna MA, Anguiano C, Avitia RL, Márquez H. Lab-on-a-Chip Platforms for Airborne Particulate Matter Applications: A Review of Current Perspectives. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:191. [PMID: 35448251 PMCID: PMC9024784 DOI: 10.3390/bios12040191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Lab-on-a-Chip (LoC) devices are described as versatile, fast, accurate, and low-cost platforms for the handling, detection, characterization, and analysis of a wide range of suspended particles in water-based environments. However, for gas-based applications, particularly in atmospheric aerosols science, LoC platforms are rarely developed. This review summarizes emerging LoC devices for the classification, measurement, and identification of airborne particles, especially those known as Particulate Matter (PM), which are linked to increased morbidity and mortality levels from cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. For these devices, their operating principles and performance parameters are introduced and compared while highlighting their advantages and disadvantages. Discussing the current applications will allow us to identify challenges and determine future directions for developing more robust LoC devices to monitor and analyze airborne PM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Ezrre
- Instituto de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California (UABC), Mexicali 21100, Mexico;
| | - Marco A. Reyna
- Instituto de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California (UABC), Mexicali 21100, Mexico;
| | - Citlalli Anguiano
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California (UABC), Mexicali 21280, Mexico; (C.A.); (R.L.A.)
| | - Roberto L. Avitia
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California (UABC), Mexicali 21280, Mexico; (C.A.); (R.L.A.)
| | - Heriberto Márquez
- Departamento de Óptica, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada (CICESE), Ensenada 22860, Mexico;
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7
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Patra A, Chakraborty S, Lohar S, Zangrando E, Chattopadhyay P. A phenolato-bridged dinuclear Ni(II) complex for selective fluorescent sensing of oxalate in aqueous medium. Inorganica Chim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2021.120493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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8
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Buyuktuncel E. Microchip Electrophoresis and Bioanalytical Applications. CURR PHARM ANAL 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1573412914666180831100533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Microanalytical systems have aroused great interest because they can analyze extremely
small sample volumes, improve the rate and throughput of chemical and biochemical analysis in a way
that reduces costs. Microchip Electrophoresis (ME) represents an effective separation technique to perform
quick analytical separations of complex samples. It offers high resolution and significant peak
capacity. ME is used in many areas, including biology, chemistry, engineering, and medicine. It is established
the same working principles as Capillary Electrophoresis (CE). It is possible to perform electrophoresis
in a more direct and convenient way in a microchip. Since the electric field is the driving
force of the electrodes, there is no need for high pressure as in chromatography. The amount of the voltage
that is applied in some electrophoresis modes, e.g. Micelle Electrokinetic Chromatography (MEKC)
and Capillary Zone Electrophoresis (CZE), mainly determines separation efficiency. Therefore, it is
possible to apply a higher electric field along a considerably shorter separation channel, hence it is possible
to carry out ME much quicker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebru Buyuktuncel
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Inonu University, 44280, Malatya, Turkey
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9
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Pinheiro KMP, Moreira RC, Rezende KCA, Talhavini M, Logrado LPL, Baio JAF, Lanza MRV, Coltro WKT. Rapid separation of post-blast explosive residues on glass electrophoresis microchips. Electrophoresis 2018; 40:462-468. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201800245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Roger C. Moreira
- Instituto de Química; Universidade Federal de Goiás; Goiânia GO Brazil
| | | | - Márcio Talhavini
- Instituto Nacional de Criminalística; Polícia Federal Brasileira; Brasília DF Brazil
| | | | - José A. F. Baio
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos; Universidade de São Paulo; São Carlos SP Brazil
| | - Marcos R. V. Lanza
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos; Universidade de São Paulo; São Carlos SP Brazil
| | - Wendell K. T. Coltro
- Instituto de Química; Universidade Federal de Goiás; Goiânia GO Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Bioanalítica; Campinas SP Brazil
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10
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Mittapalli RR, Namashivaya SSR, Oshchepkov AS, Shumilova TA, Rüffer T, Lang H, Kataev EA. Selective recognition of oxalate in water: effect of pH on binding strength and sensing mechanisms. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:11345-11348. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc06955c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
New anthracene-containing azacryptands can selectively detect oxalate in a buffered aqueous solution at pH 6.2 showing a 10-fold fluorescence enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramana R. Mittapalli
- University of Greenwich Medway Campus, Grenville building, School of Science
- Gillingham
- UK
| | | | | | | | - Tobias Rüffer
- Institute of Chemistry Technische Universität Chemnitz
- Chemnitz
- Germany
| | - Heinrich Lang
- Institute of Chemistry Technische Universität Chemnitz
- Chemnitz
- Germany
| | - Evgeny A. Kataev
- Institute of Chemistry Technische Universität Chemnitz
- Chemnitz
- Germany
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11
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Thang LY, See HH, Quirino JP. Multistacking from Two Sample Streams in Nonaqueous Microchip Electrophoresis. Anal Chem 2016; 88:9915-9919. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b02790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lee Yien Thang
- Centre
for Sustainable Nanomaterials, IbnuSina Institute for Scientific and
Industrial Research, UniversitiTeknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, UniversitiTeknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Hong Heng See
- Centre
for Sustainable Nanomaterials, IbnuSina Institute for Scientific and
Industrial Research, UniversitiTeknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, UniversitiTeknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Joselito P. Quirino
- Centre
for Sustainable Nanomaterials, IbnuSina Institute for Scientific and
Industrial Research, UniversitiTeknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, UniversitiTeknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
- Australian
Centre for Research on Separation Science, School of Physical Sciences
− Chemistry, University of Tasmania, 7001 Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
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12
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Al-Sayah MH, Abdalla AM, Shehab MK. A dansyl-based optical probe for detection of singly and doubly charged anions. Supramol Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/10610278.2015.1091456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad H. Al-Sayah
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Aya M. Abdalla
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Mohammad K. Shehab
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
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13
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Noblitt SD, Berg KE, Cate DM, Henry CS. Characterizing nonconstant instrumental variance in emerging miniaturized analytical techniques. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 915:64-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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14
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Ali I, Alharbi OML, Marsin Sanagi M. Nano-capillary electrophoresis for environmental analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS 2015; 14:79-98. [PMID: 32214934 PMCID: PMC7087629 DOI: 10.1007/s10311-015-0547-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Many analytical techniques have been used to monitor environmental pollutants. But most techniques are not capable to detect pollutants at nanogram levels. Hence, under such conditions, absence of pollutants is often assumed, whereas pollutants are in fact present at low but undetectable concentrations. Detection at low levels may be done by nano-capillary electrophoresis, also named microchip electrophoresis. Here, we review the analysis of pollutants by nano-capillary electrophoresis. We present instrumentations, applications, optimizations and separation mechanisms. We discuss the analysis of metal ions, pesticides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, explosives, viruses, bacteria and other contaminants. Detectors include ultraviolet-visible, fluorescent, conductivity, atomic absorption spectroscopy, refractive index, atomic fluorescence spectrometry, atomic emission spectroscopy, inductively coupled plasma, inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry, mass spectrometry, time-of-flight mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance. Detection limits ranged from nanogram to picogram levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia (Central University), New Delhi, 110025 India
| | - Omar M. L. Alharbi
- Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, Taibah University, P.O. Box 30002, Madinah Al-Munawarah, 41477 Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd. Marsin Sanagi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor Malaysia
- Ibnu Sina Institute for Fundamental Science Studies, Nanotechnology Research Alliance, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor Malaysia
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15
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Ranjbar L, Gaudry AJ, Breadmore MC, Shellie RA. Online Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Ion Chromatography × Capillary Electrophoresis. Anal Chem 2015; 87:8673-8. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b01130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leila Ranjbar
- Australian Centre for Research
on Separation Science, School of Physical Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| | - Adam J. Gaudry
- Australian Centre for Research
on Separation Science, School of Physical Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| | - Michael C. Breadmore
- Australian Centre for Research
on Separation Science, School of Physical Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| | - Robert A. Shellie
- Australian Centre for Research
on Separation Science, School of Physical Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
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16
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Gunasekara DB, Siegel JM, Caruso G, Hulvey MK, Lunte SM. Microchip electrophoresis with amperometric detection method for profiling cellular nitrosative stress markers. Analyst 2015; 139:3265-73. [PMID: 24728039 DOI: 10.1039/c4an00185k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The overproduction of nitric oxide (NO) in cells results in nitrosative stress due to the generation of highly reactive species such as peroxynitrite and N2O3. These species disrupt the cellular redox processes through the oxidation, nitration, and nitrosylation of important biomolecules. Microchip electrophoresis (ME) is a fast separation method that can be used to profile cellular nitrosative stress through the separation of NO and nitrite from other redox-active intracellular components such as cellular antioxidants. This paper describes a ME method with electrochemical detection (ME-EC) for the separation of intracellular nitrosative stress markers in macrophage cells. The separation of nitrite, azide (interference), iodide (internal standard), tyrosine, glutathione, and hydrogen peroxide (neutral marker) was achieved in under 40 s using a run buffer consisting of 7.5 to 10 mM NaCl, 10 mM boric acid, and 2 mM TTAC at pH 10.3 to 10.7. Initially, NO production was monitored by the detection of nitrite (NO2(-)) in cell lysates. There was a 2.5- to 4-fold increase in NO2(-) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated cells. The concentration of NO2(-) inside a single unstimulated macrophage cell was estimated to be 1.41 mM using the method of standard additions. ME-EC was then used for the direct detection of NO and glutathione in stimulated and native macrophage cell lysates. NO was identified in these studies based on its migration time and rapid degradation kinetics. The intracellular levels of glutathione in native and stimulated macrophages were also compared, and no significant difference was observed between the two conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dulan B Gunasekara
- Ralph N. Adams Institute for Bioanalytical Chemistry, University of Kansas, 2030 Becker Drive, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA.
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17
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Noblitt SD, Henry CS. Calibration-free quantitation in microchip zone electrophoresis with conductivity detection. Electrophoresis 2015; 36:1927-34. [PMID: 26040588 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201500098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Revised: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between electrophoretic mobility and molar conductivity has previously led to speculation on achieving quantitation in zone electrophoresis without calibration curves when using conductivity detection. However, little work in this area has been pursued, possibly because of the breakdown of simple sensitivity-mobility relationships when working with partially protonated species. This topic is revisited with the aid of electrophoretic simulation software that produces facile predictions of analyte sensitivity relative to an internal standard. Calibration curve slopes for over 50 analyte/internal standard/BGE combinations were measured with both unbiased and electrokinetically biased injections using microchip electrophoresis with conductivity detection. The results were compared to theoretical expectations as computed with PeakMaster software. Good agreement was observed, with some systems being predicted with quantitative accuracy while others showed significant deviations. Some mechanisms that can lead to deviations from theory are demonstrated, but the causes for some discrepancies are still not understood. Overall, this work exhibits another useful application for simulation software, particularly for disposable devices where device-specific calibration curves cannot be collected. It also serves as quantitative validation for some outputs of PeakMaster simulation software.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott D Noblitt
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Charles S Henry
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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18
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Nozière B, Kalberer M, Claeys M, Allan J, D'Anna B, Decesari S, Finessi E, Glasius M, Grgić I, Hamilton JF, Hoffmann T, Iinuma Y, Jaoui M, Kahnt A, Kampf CJ, Kourtchev I, Maenhaut W, Marsden N, Saarikoski S, Schnelle-Kreis J, Surratt JD, Szidat S, Szmigielski R, Wisthaler A. The molecular identification of organic compounds in the atmosphere: state of the art and challenges. Chem Rev 2015; 115:3919-83. [PMID: 25647604 DOI: 10.1021/cr5003485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Nozière
- †Ircelyon/CNRS and Université Lyon 1, 69626 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | | | | | | | - Barbara D'Anna
- †Ircelyon/CNRS and Université Lyon 1, 69626 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | | | | | | | - Irena Grgić
- ○National Institute of Chemistry, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | | | - Yoshiteru Iinuma
- ¶Leibniz-Institut für Troposphärenforschung, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Ivan Kourtchev
- ‡University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Willy Maenhaut
- §University of Antwerp, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium.,□Ghent University, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | | | | | | | - Jason D Surratt
- ▼University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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19
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Noblitt S, Staicu LC, Ackerson CJ, Henry CS. Sensitive, selective analysis of selenium oxoanions using microchip electrophoresis with contact conductivity detection. Anal Chem 2014; 86:8425-32. [PMID: 25033231 PMCID: PMC4139182 DOI: 10.1021/ac502013k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The common selenium oxoanions selenite (SeO3(2-)) and selenate (SeO4(2-)) are toxic at intake levels slightly below 1 mg day(-1). These anions are currently monitored by a variety of traditional analytical techniques that are time-consuming, expensive, require large sample volumes, and/or lack portability. To address the need for a fast and inexpensive analysis of selenium oxoanions, we present the first microchip capillary zone electrophoresis (MCE) separation targeting these species in the presence of chloride, sulfate, nitrate, nitrite, chlorate, sulfamate, methanesulfonate, and fluoride, which can be simultaneously monitored. The chemistry was designed to give high selectivity in nonideal matrices. Interference from common weak acids is avoided by operating near pH 4. Separation resolution from chloride was enhanced to improve tolerance of high-salinity matrices. As a result, selenate can be quantified in the presence of up to 1.5 mM NaCl, and selenite analysis is even more robust against chloride. Using contact conductivity detection, detection limits for samples with conductivity equal to the background electrolyte are 53 nM (4.2 ppb Se) and 380 nM (30 ppb) for selenate and selenite, respectively. Analysis time, including injection, is ∼2 min. The MCE method was validated against ion chromatography (IC) using spiked samples of dilute BBL broth and slightly outperformed the IC in accuracy while requiring <10% of the analysis time. The applicability of the technique to real samples was shown by monitoring the consumption of selenite by bacteria incubated in LB broth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott
D. Noblitt
- Chemistry
Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Lucian C. Staicu
- Biology
Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Christopher J. Ackerson
- Chemistry
Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Charles S. Henry
- Chemistry
Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
- Department
of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort
Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
- School
of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State
University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
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20
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Progress in stacking techniques based on field amplification of capillary electrophoresis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 406:6129-50. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-8062-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2014] [Revised: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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21
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Rhaman MM, Fronczek FR, Powell DR, Hossain MA. Colourimetric and fluorescent detection of oxalate in water by a new macrocycle-based dinuclear nickel complex: a remarkable red shift of the fluorescence band. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:4618-21. [PMID: 24419223 PMCID: PMC3976989 DOI: 10.1039/c3dt53467g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new macrocycle-based dinuclear nickel chemosensor selectively binds oxalate anions both in solution and the solid state, displaying a remarkable red shift of the fluorescence band with a visible colour change in water at physiological pH in the presence of an external dye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Mhahabubur Rhaman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39212, USA
| | - Frank R. Fronczek
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
| | - Douglas R. Powell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA.
| | - Md. Alamgir Hossain
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39212, USA
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22
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Guan Q, Noblitt SD, Henry CS. Electrophoretic separations in poly(dimethylsiloxane) microchips using mixtures of ionic, nonionic and zwitterionic surfactants. Electrophoresis 2012; 33:2875-83. [PMID: 23019105 PMCID: PMC3804416 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201200255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The use of surfactant mixtures to affect both EOF and separation selectivity in electrophoresis with PDMS substrates is reported, and capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection is introduced for EOF measurement on PDMS microchips. First, the EOF was measured for two nonionic surfactants (Tween 20 and Triton X-100), mixed ionic/nonionic surfactant systems (SDS/Tween 20 and SDS/Triton X-100), and finally for the first time, mixed zwitterionic/nonionic surfactant systems (TDAPS/Tween 20 and TDAPS/Triton X-100). EOF for the nonionic surfactants decreased with increasing surfactant concentration. The addition of SDS or TDAPS to a nonionic surfactant increased EOF. After establishing the EOF behavior, the separation of model catecholamines was explored to show the impact on separations. Similar analyte resolution with greater peak heights was achieved with mixed surfactant systems containing Tween 20 and TDAPS relative to the single surfactant system. Finally, the detection of catecholamine release from PC12 cells by stimulation with 80 mM K(+) was performed to demonstrate the usefulness of mixed surfactant systems to provide resolution of biological compounds in complex samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Guan
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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23
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Kitagawa F, Kawai T, Sueyoshi K, Otsuka K. Recent progress of on-line sample preconcentration techniques in microchip electrophoresis. ANAL SCI 2012; 28:85-93. [PMID: 22322799 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.28.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This review highlights recent developments and applications of on-line sample preconcentration techniques to enhance the detection sensitivity in microchip electrophoresis (MCE); references are mainly from 2008 and later. Among various developed techniques, we focus on the sample preconcentration based on the changes in the migration velocity of analytes in two or three discontinuous solutions system, since they can provide the sensitivity enhancement with relatively easy experimental procedures and short analysis times. The characteristic features of the on-line sample preconcentration applied to microchip electrophoresis (MCE) are presented, categorized on the basis of "field strength-" or "chemically" induced changes in the migration velocity. The preconcentration techniques utilizing field strength-induced changes in the velocity include field-amplified sample stacking, isotachophoresis and transient-isotachophoresis, whereas those based on chemically induced changes in the velocity are sweeping, transient-trapping and dynamic pH junction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumihiko Kitagawa
- Department of Frontier Materials Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Hirosaki University, 3 Bunkyo, Hirosaki, Aomori 036–8561, Japan.
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24
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Masár M, Bomastyk B, Bodor R, Horčičiak M, Danč L, Troška P, Kuss HM. Determination of chloride, sulfate and nitrate in drinking water by microchip electrophoresis. Mikrochim Acta 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-012-0788-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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25
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Giordano BC, Burgi DS, Hart SJ, Terray A. On-line sample pre-concentration in microfluidic devices: a review. Anal Chim Acta 2012; 718:11-24. [PMID: 22305893 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2011.12.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2011] [Revised: 12/01/2011] [Accepted: 12/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
On-line sample preconcentration is an essential tool in the development of microfluidic-based separation platforms. In order to become more competitive with traditional separation techniques, the community must continue to develop newer and more novel methods to improve detection limits, remove unwanted sample matrix components that disrupt separation performance, and enrich/purify analytes for other chip-based actions. Our goal in this review is to familiarize the reader with many of the options available for on-chip concentration enhancement with a focus on those manuscripts that, in our assessment, best describe the fundamental principles that govern those enhancements. Sections discussing both electrophoretic and nonelectrophoretic modes of preconcentration are included with a focus on device design and mechanisms of preconcentration. This review is not meant to be a comprehensive collection of every available example, but our hope is that by learning how on-line sample concentration techniques are being applied today, the reader will be inspired to apply these techniques to further enhance their own programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Braden C Giordano
- Naval Research Laboratory, Chemistry Division, Washington, DC 20375-5342, United States.
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26
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Hu M, Feng G. Highly selective and sensitive fluorescent sensing of oxalate in water. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:6951-3. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc33191h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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27
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Jokerst JC, Emory JM, Henry CS. Advances in microfluidics for environmental analysis. Analyst 2012; 137:24-34. [DOI: 10.1039/c1an15368d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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28
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Guan Q, Noblitt SD, Henry CS. Electrophoretic separations in poly(dimethylsiloxane) microchips using a mixture of ionic and zwitterionic surfactants. Electrophoresis 2012; 33:379-87. [PMID: 22222982 PMCID: PMC3516918 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201100259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The use of mixtures of ionic and zwitterionic surfactants in poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) microchips is reported. The effect of surfactant concentration on electroosmotic flow (EOF) was studied for a single anionic surfactant (sodium dodecyl sulfate, SDS), a single zwitterionic surfactant (N-tetradecylammonium-N,N-dimethyl-3-ammonio-1-propanesulfonate, TDAPS), and a mixed SDS/TDAPS surfactant system. SDS increased the EOF as reported previously while TDAPS showed an initial increase in EOF followed by a reduction at higher concentrations. When TDAPS was added to a solution containing SDS, the EOF decreased in a concentration-dependent manner. The EOF for all three surfactant systems followed expected pH trends, with increasing EOF at higher pH. The mixed surfactant system allowed tuning of the EOF across a range of pH and concentration conditions. After establishing the EOF behavior, the adsorption/desorption kinetics were measured and showed a slower adsorption/desorption rate for TDAPS than SDS. Finally, the separation and electrochemical detection of model catecholamines in buffer and reduced glutathione in red blood cell lysate using the mixed surfactant system were explored. The mixed surfactant system provided shorter analysis times and/or improved resolution when compared to the single surfactant systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Guan
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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29
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Kubáň P, Timerbaev AR. CE of inorganic species - A review of methodological advancements over 2009-2010. Electrophoresis 2011; 33:196-210. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201100357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2011] [Revised: 07/30/2011] [Accepted: 07/30/2011] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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30
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Noblitt SD, Speights RM, Henry CS. Protonated diamines as anion-binding agents and their utility in capillary electrophoresis separations. Electrophoresis 2011; 32:2986-93. [PMID: 22002837 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201100252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2011] [Revised: 05/28/2011] [Accepted: 05/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Capillary zone electrophoresis is a proven method for separating small ions because of the inherent charge and differences in mobility of these analytes. Despite its resolving power, CZE can be insufficient for separating ions with similar mobilities. One remedy is to modify mobilities via the addition of background electrolyte complexation agents. However, this approach is not straightforward for inorganic anions, which lack complexation options. To address this shortfall, the diprotonated diamine moiety was investigated for complexation of dianions. Dicationic diamines significantly complexed dianions, and this interaction was not purely electrostatic in nature because affinities varied with dianion identity. Aqueous association constants were measured with affinity capillary electrophoresis (ACE) and found to be similar in magnitude but different in selectivity to those of dianions with magnesium ion. Binding was also investigated for zwitterionic buffers containing the protonated diamine moiety. Zwitterions exhibited binding constants as high as 18 M(-1) (30-mM ionic strength). This work discusses the observed binding constants and their potential usefulness in CZE separations of inorganic anions. Also covered are improvements to ACE methodology and an evaluation of some of the assumptions employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott D Noblitt
- Chemistry Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
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31
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Tang H, Hiemstra S, Thompson JE. Characterization of a novel particle into liquid sampler for analysis of single fluorescent aerosol particles through capillary electrophoresis. Anal Chim Acta 2011; 702:120-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2011.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2011] [Revised: 06/07/2011] [Accepted: 06/11/2011] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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32
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Wu H, Saeed MA, Hwang HM, Zhao S, Liu YM, Hossain MA. Application of capillary electrophoresis in anion binding studies: Complexation and separation of nitrate and nitrite by an azacryptand. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2011; 24:1-5. [PMID: 21218124 PMCID: PMC3015164 DOI: 10.1002/poc.1693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Capillary electrophoresis (CE) was employed for studying the complexation of an azacryptand with nitrate and nitrite in aqueous solution. CE separation of a mixture of nitrate and nitrite with 10 mM acetate buffer (pH 3.3) showed two peaks at the retention times of 2.8 and 3.1 min for nitrate and nitrite, respectively. However, when the ligand (2 mM) was added to the running buffer, the peaks emerged in the reverse order and at shorter retention times of 2.7 and 2.5 min for nitrate and nitrite, respectively. The longer retention time for nitrate compared with nitrite indicates a stronger complex formation between the ligand and nitrate, that reduces the migration speed of nitrate as compared with the less strongly bound nitrite. The (1)H NMR titrations of L with these two anions at the pH 3.3, gave the binding constants (log K), 3.75 and 4.23, for nitrite and nitrate, respectively which were in consistence with the results obtained from the CE method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39217, USA
| | - Musabbir A. Saeed
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39217, USA
| | - Huey-Min Hwang
- Department of Biology, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39217, USA
| | - Shulin Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39217, USA
| | - Yi-Ming Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39217, USA
| | - Md. Alamgir Hossain
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39217, USA
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33
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Arora A, Simone G, Salieb-Beugelaar GB, Kim JT, Manz A. Latest Developments in Micro Total Analysis Systems. Anal Chem 2010; 82:4830-47. [PMID: 20462185 DOI: 10.1021/ac100969k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 372] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arun Arora
- KIST Europe, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Campus E71, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany, FRIAS, Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstrasse 19, 79104 Freiburg, Germany, IMTEK, Institute for Microsystem Technology, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany, and MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology/Lab-on-a-Chip Group, Twente University, Building Carré, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Giuseppina Simone
- KIST Europe, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Campus E71, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany, FRIAS, Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstrasse 19, 79104 Freiburg, Germany, IMTEK, Institute for Microsystem Technology, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany, and MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology/Lab-on-a-Chip Group, Twente University, Building Carré, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Georgette B. Salieb-Beugelaar
- KIST Europe, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Campus E71, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany, FRIAS, Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstrasse 19, 79104 Freiburg, Germany, IMTEK, Institute for Microsystem Technology, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany, and MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology/Lab-on-a-Chip Group, Twente University, Building Carré, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Jung Tae Kim
- KIST Europe, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Campus E71, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany, FRIAS, Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstrasse 19, 79104 Freiburg, Germany, IMTEK, Institute for Microsystem Technology, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany, and MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology/Lab-on-a-Chip Group, Twente University, Building Carré, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Andreas Manz
- KIST Europe, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Campus E71, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany, FRIAS, Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstrasse 19, 79104 Freiburg, Germany, IMTEK, Institute for Microsystem Technology, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany, and MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology/Lab-on-a-Chip Group, Twente University, Building Carré, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
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Gertsch JC, Noblitt SD, Cropek DM, Henry CS. Rapid Analysis of Perchlorate in Drinking Water at Parts per Billion Levels Using Microchip Electrophoresis. Anal Chem 2010; 82:3426-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ac9029086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jana C. Gertsch
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, and Construction Engineering Research Laboratory, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Champaign, IL
| | - Scott D. Noblitt
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, and Construction Engineering Research Laboratory, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Champaign, IL
| | - Donald M. Cropek
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, and Construction Engineering Research Laboratory, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Champaign, IL
| | - Charles S. Henry
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, and Construction Engineering Research Laboratory, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Champaign, IL
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35
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Noblitt SD, Lewis GS, Liu Y, Hering SV, Collett JL, Henry CS. Interfacing microchip electrophoresis to a growth tube particle collector for semicontinuous monitoring of aerosol composition. Anal Chem 2010; 81:10029-37. [PMID: 19904999 DOI: 10.1021/ac901903m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Semicontinuous monitoring of aerosol chemical composition has continually increased in demand because of the high spatial and temporal variability of atmospheric particles and the effects these aerosols have on human health and the environment. To address this demand, we describe the preliminary development of a semicontinuous aerosol composition analyzer consisting of a growth tube particle collector coupled to a microfluidic device for chemical analysis. The growth tube enlarges particles through water condensation in a laminar flow, permitting inertial collection into the microchip sample reservoir. Analysis is done by electrophoresis with conductivity detection. To avoid hydrodynamic interference from the sampling pressure, the microchip was operated isobarically by sealing the buffer reservoirs from the atmosphere and interconnecting all the reservoirs with air ducts. The collector samples at 1 L min(-1) and deposits particles into 30 microL of solution. Sample accumulates with time, and sequential injections are performed as aerosol concentration increases. For extended analyses, a sample rinsing system flushes the sample collection reservoir periodically. For inorganic anions, temporal resolution of 1 min and estimated detection limits of 70-140 ng m(-3) min were obtained. The system was used to measure sulfate and nitrate, and results were compared to a particle-into-liquid-sampler running in parallel. Results indicate that the prototype growth tube-microchip system (termed aerosol chip electrophoresis, ACE) could provide a useful complement to existing aerosol monitoring technologies, especially when less expensive and/or rapid analyses are desired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott D Noblitt
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
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