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Morales N, Thickett SC, Maya F. Effect of crosslinker/porogen ratio on sponge-nested polymer monoliths for solid-phase extraction. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1730:465124. [PMID: 38959657 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.465124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Polymer monoliths can be polymerised within different molds, but limited options are available for the preparation of free-standing polymer monoliths for analytical sample preparation, and in particular, solid-phase extraction (SPE). Commercial melamine-formaldehyde sponges can be used as supports for the preparation of polymer monoliths, due its flexibility, giving various shapes to monoliths. Herein, the crosslinker/porogen ratio of highly porous sponge-nested divinylbenzene (DVB) polymer monoliths has been evaluated. Monoliths prepared using different crosslinker/porogen ratios were applied to the extraction of bisphenol F, bisphenol A, bisphenol AF, and bisphenol B. Monoliths containing 50 wt % DVB and 50 wt % porogens presented the highest recovery of bisphenols. Under the optimised conditions, the developed method showed a linear range between 2.5 µg L-1 and 150 µg L-1 for BPA and BPAF, and between 5 µg L-1 and 150 µg L-1 for BPB and BPF. The limits of detection (LOD, S/N = 3) and limits of quantification (LOQ, S/N = 10) ranged from 0.36 µg L-1 to 1.09 µg L-1, and from 1.20 µg L-1 to 3.65 µg L-1, respectively. The recoveries for spiked bisphenols (10 µg L-1) in tap water and water contained in a polycarbonate containers were between 82 % and 114 %.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Morales
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia; School of Natural Sciences - Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| | - Stuart C Thickett
- School of Natural Sciences - Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| | - Fernando Maya
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia; School of Natural Sciences - Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia.
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2
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Maciejewska M. Influence of the Polymerization Parameters on the Porosity and Thermal Stability of Polymeric Monoliths. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:2860. [PMID: 38930229 PMCID: PMC11204994 DOI: 10.3390/ma17122860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Rigid porous polymeric monoliths are robust, highly efficient, versatile stationary phases. They offer simple preparation and convenient modification provided by a whole range of synthesis factors, e.g., starting monomers, cross-linkers, initiators, porogens, polymerization techniques, and temperature. The main aim of this study was to synthesize polymeric monoliths and determine the correlation between polymerization parameters and the porosity and thermal stability of the obtained materials. Polymeric monoliths were synthesized directly in HPLC columns using N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone (NVP) and 4-vinylpiridine (4VP) as functional monomers, with trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate (TRIM) serving as the cross-linking monomer. During copolymerization a mixture of cyclohexanol/decane-1-ol was used as the pore-forming diluent. Polymerization was carried out at two different temperatures: 55 and 75 °C. As a result, monoliths with highly developed internal structure were synthesized. The value of their specific surface area was in the range of 92 m2/g to 598 m2/g, depending on the monomer composition and polymerization temperature. Thermal properties of the obtained materials were investigated by means of thermogravimetry (TG). Significant differences in thermal behavior were noticed between monoliths synthesized at 55 and 75 °C. Additionally, the poly(NVP-co-TRIM) monolith was successfully applied in GC analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Maciejewska
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Gliniana 33, 20-614 Lublin, Poland
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3
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do Nascimento FH, Masini JC. Porous polymer monolithic columns to investigate the interaction of humic substances with herbicides and emerging pollutants by affinity chromatography. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1288:342183. [PMID: 38220310 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.342183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the interaction mechanisms and the relevant binding constants between humic acids and emerging or regulated pollutants is of utmost importance in predicting their geochemical mobility, bioavailability, and degradation. Fluorescence spectroscopy, UV-vis spectroscopy, equilibrium dialysis, and solid-phase extraction combined with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry have been employed to elucidate interactions of humic acids with organic micropollutants, especially pharmaceutical drugs. These methods demand large sample volumes, long equilibration times, and laborious extraction steps which may imply analytical errors. Monolithic high-performance affinity chromatography is an alternative and simpler method to investigate these interactions and determine the binding constants. RESULTS Polymer monoliths based on aminated glycidyl methacrylate and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate served to immobilize Cu(II) and then humic acid to produce monolithic affinity chromatography columns with humic acid as the active interaction phase. About 86.5 mg of humic acid was immobilized per gram of polymer. The columns enabled a comparison of the binding strength of humic acid with herbicides and emerging pollutants at 25 °C and pH 6.0 ± 0.1. Paracetamol, acetylsalicylic acid, and salicylic acid did not retain. Among the compounds that interacted with humic acid, the order of increasing affinity, estimated by the global affinity constant (nKa) or partition coefficient (KD) was: caffeine < simazine < atrazine ∼ propazine < benzophenone. The nKa (L mol-1) values ranged from (4.9 ± 0.3) × 102 for caffeine to (1.9 ± 0.3) × 103 for benzophenone, whereas KD (L kg-1) varied from 14 ± 1 to 56 ± 8 for the same compounds. SIGNIFICANCE AND NOVELTY To our knowledge, this is the first paper demonstrating the use of a monolithic platform to immobilize supramolecular structures of humic acids exploiting immobilized metal affinity to comparatively evaluate their affinity towards emerging pollutants exploiting the concepts of high-performance affinity chromatography. The proposed approach needs only small amounts of humic acid, which is a relevant feature in preparing columns with humic substances isolated and purified from remote areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando H do Nascimento
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 748, 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Jorge C Masini
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 748, 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Mancino R, Caccavo D, Barba AA, Lamberti G, Biasin A, Cortesi A, Grassi G, Grassi M, Abrami M. Agarose Cryogels: Production Process Modeling and Structural Characterization. Gels 2023; 9:765. [PMID: 37754447 PMCID: PMC10530842 DOI: 10.3390/gels9090765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
A cryogel is a cross-linked polymer network with different properties that are determined by its manufacturing technique. The formation of a cryogel occurs at low temperatures and results in a porous structure whose pore size is affected by thermal conditions. The adjustable pore sizes of cryogels make them attractive for diverse applications. In this study, the influence of the external operational temperature, which affects the cooling and freezing rates, on the production of cryogels with 2% w/w agarose is investigated. Moreover, a mathematical model is developed to simulate the cryogel production process and provide an initial estimate of the pore size within the structure. The predictions of the model, supported by qualitative light microscopy images, demonstrate that cryogels produced at higher process temperatures exhibit larger pore sizes. Moreover, the existence of pore size distribution within the gel structure is confirmed. Finally, stress relaxation tests, coupled with an image analysis, validates that cryogels produced at lower temperatures possess a higher stiffness and slower water release rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Mancino
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
- Eng4Life Srl, Via Circumvallazione 39, 83100 Avellino, AV, Italy
| | - Diego Caccavo
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
- Eng4Life Srl, Via Circumvallazione 39, 83100 Avellino, AV, Italy
- EST Srl, Academic Spin-Off, Via Circumvallazione 39, 83100 Avellino, AV, Italy
| | - Anna Angela Barba
- Eng4Life Srl, Via Circumvallazione 39, 83100 Avellino, AV, Italy
- EST Srl, Academic Spin-Off, Via Circumvallazione 39, 83100 Avellino, AV, Italy
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Gaetano Lamberti
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
- Eng4Life Srl, Via Circumvallazione 39, 83100 Avellino, AV, Italy
- EST Srl, Academic Spin-Off, Via Circumvallazione 39, 83100 Avellino, AV, Italy
| | - Alice Biasin
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, Via Valerio 6, 34127 Trieste, TS, Italy
| | - Angelo Cortesi
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, Via Valerio 6, 34127 Trieste, TS, Italy
| | - Gabriele Grassi
- Department of Life Sciences, Cattinara University Hospital, Trieste University, Strada di Fiume 447, 34149 Trieste, TS, Italy
| | - Mario Grassi
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, Via Valerio 6, 34127 Trieste, TS, Italy
| | - Michela Abrami
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, Via Valerio 6, 34127 Trieste, TS, Italy
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Greguš M, Ivanov AR, Wilson SR. Ultralow flow liquid chromatography and related approaches: A focus on recent bioanalytical applications. J Sep Sci 2023; 46:e2300440. [PMID: 37528733 PMCID: PMC11087205 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202300440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Ultralow flow LC employs ultra-narrow bore columns and mid-range pL/min to low nL/min flow rates (i.e., ≤20 nL/min). The separation columns that are used under these conditions are typically 2-30 μm in inner diameter. Ultralow flow LC systems allow for exceptionally high sensitivity and frequently high resolution. There has been an increasing interest in the analysis of scarce biological samples, for example, circulating tumor cells, extracellular vesicles, organelles, and single cells, and ultralow flow LC was efficiently applied to such samples. Hence, advances towards dedicated ultralow flow LC instrumentation, technical approaches, and higher throughput (e.g., tens-to-hundreds of single cells analyzed per day) were recently made. Here, we review the types of ultralow flow LC technology, followed by a discussion of selected representative ultralow flow LC applications, focusing on the progress made in bioanalysis of amount-limited samples during the last 10 years. We also discuss several recently reported high-sensitivity applications utilizing flow rates up to 100 nL/min, which are below commonly used nanoLC flow rates. Finally, we discuss the path forward for future developments of ultralow flow LC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Greguš
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Barnett Institute of Chemical and Biological Analysis, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alexander R. Ivanov
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Barnett Institute of Chemical and Biological Analysis, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Steven Ray Wilson
- Hybrid Technology Hub-Centre of Excellence, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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P V A, Deivasigamani P. Structurally engineered ion-receptor probe immobilized porous polymer platform as reusable solid-state chromogenic sensor for the ultra-trace sensing and recovery of mercury ions. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 454:131431. [PMID: 37099907 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
This study reports an efficacious solid-state optical sensor through the synergistic coalescences of an original chromoionophoric probe and a structurally engineered porous polymer monolith for the selective and sensitive colorimetric spotting of ultra-trace toxic mercury ions. The unique properties of the bimodal macro-/meso-pore structured polymer, i.e., poly(AAm-co-EGDMA) monolith, offer voluminous and uniform anchoring of probe molecules, i.e., (Z)-N-phenyl-2-(quinoline-4-yl-methylene)hydrazine-1-carbothioamide (PQMHC). The structure/surface features of the sensory system, i.e., surface area, pore dimensions, monolith framework, elemental mapping, and phase composition, were examined by p-XRD, XPS, FT-IR, HR-TEM-SAED, FE-SEM-EDAX, and BET/BJH analysis. The sensor's ion-capturing ability was established through naked eye color transition and UV-Vis-DRS response. The sensor exhibits a strong binding affinity for Hg2+, with a linear signal response in the concentration range of 0-200 μg/L (r2 >0.999), with a detection limit of 0.33 μg/L. The analytical parameters were optimized to facilitate pH-dependent visual sensing of ultra-trace Hg2+ in ≤ 30 s. The sensor exhibits high chemical/physical stability characteristics, with reliable data reproducibility (RSD ≤1.94 %), while testing with natural/synthetic water and cigarette samples. The proposed work offers a cost-effective and reusable naked-eye sensory system for the selective sensing of ultra-trace Hg2+, with potential prospects of commercialization considering their simplicity, viability, and reliability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anju P V
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India
| | - Prabhakaran Deivasigamani
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India.
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de Paula Lima I, Polycarpo Valle S, de Oliveira MAL, de Carvalho Marques FF, Antonio Simas Vaz F. Monolithic stationary phases preparation for use in chromatographic and electromigration techniques: the state-of-the-art. Microchem J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2023.108598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
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8
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Aydoğan C, Beltekin B, Alharthi S, Ağca CA, Erdoğan İY. Nano-liquid chromatography with monolithic stationary phase based on naphthyl monomer for proteomics analysis. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1690:463804. [PMID: 36689803 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.463804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Monolithic poly(2-vinylnaphthalene-co-divinylbenzene) columns were introduced, for the first time, and were evaluated as the separation media for nano-liquid chromatography (nano-LC). These columns were prepared by in-situ polymerization of 2-vinylnaphthalene (2-VNA) as the functional monomer and divinylbenzene (DVB) as the crosslinker in a fused silica capillary column of 50 µm i.d. Various porogenic solvents, including tetrahydrofuran (THF), dodecanol and toluene were used for morphology optimization. Final monolithic column (referred to as VNA column) was characterized by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and chromatographic analyses. Alkylbenzenes (ABs), and polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were separated using the VNA column while the column offered excellent hydrophobic and π-π interactions under reversed-phase conditions. Theoretical plates number up to 41,200 plates/m in isocratic mode for ethylbenzene could be achieved. The potential of the final VNA column was demonstrated with a gradient elution in the separation of six intact proteins, including ribonuclease A (RNase A), cytochrome C (Cyt C), lysozyme (Lys), β-lactoglobulin (β-lac), myoglobin (My) and α-chymotrypsinogen (α-chym) in nano LC system. The column was then applied to the peptide analysis of trypsin digested cytochrome C, allowing a high peak capacity up to 1440 and the further proteomics analysis of COS-7 cell line was attempted applying the final monolithic column in nano-LC UV system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cemil Aydoğan
- Food Analysis and Research Laboratory, Bingöl University, Bingöl, Türkiye; Department of Food Engineering, Bingöl University, Bingöl, Türkiye; Department of Chemistry, Bingöl University, Bingöl, Türkiye.
| | - Büşra Beltekin
- Food Analysis and Research Laboratory, Bingöl University, Bingöl, Türkiye
| | - Sarah Alharthi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944 Saudi Arabia
| | - Can Ali Ağca
- Department of Molecular Biology, Bingöl University, Bingöl, Türkiye
| | - İbrahim Y Erdoğan
- Department of Chemistry, Bingöl University, Bingöl, Türkiye; Faculty of Health Sciences, Bingöl University, Bingöl, Türkiye
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ACE2 and SARS-CoV-2-Main Protease Capillary Columns for Affinity Chromatography: Testimony of the Binding of Dexamethasone and its Carbon Nanotube Nanovector. Chromatographia 2022; 85:773-781. [PMID: 35855682 PMCID: PMC9275543 DOI: 10.1007/s10337-022-04181-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, each of the two following proteins, the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and the Main protease (Main pro) of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) were grafted for the first time on homemade neutravidin poly(GMA-co-EDMA) capillary columns for the research of their ligands. The effect of the column diameter on the quantity of immobilized biotinylated protein was studied. For a capillary length of 40 mm, when its internal diameter varied from 75 to 25 μm, the grafted quantity of ACE2 decreased by 85% (from 1.50 to 0.24 μg). Among all the studied ligands, a particular vigilance has been given for dexamethasone, a widely used molecule today for adult patients hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2. Competition experiments were performed with SARS-CoV-2 Receptor Binding Domain used as reference molecule with the ACE2 affinity column to assess the orthosteric binding site of dexamethasone (Dex) on ACE2. This ligand was then immobilized on Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes (Dex/MWCNT). By comparison of the normalized breakthrough curves measured for Dex and Dex/MWCNT on both the ACE2 and Main pro affinity columns, it was showed for the first time that nanovectorisation of Dex with MWCNT enhanced and stabilized its binding to both ACE2 and Main pro. This last result reinforced the use of Dex and the interest of MWCNT for boosting immune health against COVID 19.
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Desire CT, Arrua RD, Mansour FR, Bon SAF, Hilder EF. Styrene-based polymerised high internal phase emulsions using monomers in the internal phase as co-surfactants for improved liquid chromatography. RSC Adv 2022; 12:9773-9785. [PMID: 35424961 PMCID: PMC8961205 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra07705h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(styrene-co-divinylbenzene)-based monoliths were prepared from the polymerisation of water-in-monomer high internal phase emulsions, where the water-soluble monomers acrylamide (AAm) or poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) (Mw 258) were also included in the 90 vol% internal phase. Both AAm and PEGDA were found to act as co-surfactants, resulting in the obtainment of monoliths with greater homogeneity in some cases. As a result these materials demonstrated significantly improved chromatographic performance for the separation of a standard mixture of proteins using reversed-phase liquid chromatography, in comparison to monoliths prepared with no internal phase monomer. In particular, the columns grafted with PEGDA were capable of separating a more complex mixture consisting of seven components. The inclusion of monomers in the internal phase also allowed for the functionalisation of the monolith's surface where the degree of polymerisation that occurred in the internal phase, which was governed by the monomer content in the internal phase and initiation location, determined whether polymeric chains or a hydrogel were grafted to the surface. A monolith grafted with AAm was also found to be capable of retaining polar analytes as a result of the increase in surface hydrophilicity. Poly(styrene-co-divinylbenzene)-based monoliths prepared from the polymerisation of water-in-monomer high internal phase emulsions, where water-soluble monomers acrylamide or poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (Mw 258) were included in internal phase.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher T Desire
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Physical Sciences, University of Tasmania Hobart Australia.,University of South Australia, STEM, Future Industries Institute SA 5000 Australia
| | - R Dario Arrua
- University of South Australia, STEM, Future Industries Institute SA 5000 Australia
| | - Fotouh R Mansour
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Tanta University Tanta Egypt
| | - Stefan A F Bon
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | - Emily F Hilder
- University of South Australia, STEM, Future Industries Institute SA 5000 Australia
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11
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Designing protein adsorptive materials by simultaneous radiation-induced grafting polymerization: A review. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2022.110055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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12
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Guillaume YC, André C. Immobilization of the SARS-CoV-2-receptor binding domain onto methacrylate-based monoliths for nano LC at 30 nL min -1 and application for research of its ligands. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2022; 14:156-164. [PMID: 34927183 DOI: 10.1039/d1ay01913a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
For the design of novel potent molecules against therapeutic protein targets produced in a low quantity or that are very expensive, the development of miniaturized analytical techniques is of crucial importance. One challenging target is the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2-spike protein (S), which mediates the binding of the virus to host cells. In the present study, the RBD protein was thus immobilized on polymethacrylate monoliths prepared in a miniaturized capillary column (25 μm internal diameter; 70 mm length) by in situ polymerization, which could offer low backpressure in Nano LC at 30 nL min-1. The immobilized quantity of the expensive RBD protein on the organic monolith was very low, in the submicrogram range, i.e., 0.060 μg. The immobilization method reduced non-selective interactions between the ligand and the organic monolith matrix and maintained the functionality of RBD due to the high activity rate (96%). The performance of this miniaturized affinity capillary column was demonstrated for the rapid evaluation of a recognition assay induced by 1,2,3,4,6-pentagalloyl glucose (PGG), a known ligand of RBD, and by five other molecules. In addition, it was demonstrated that competitive experiments could be performed with our miniaturized system to reveal the existence of only one type of binding site for three ligands of RBD, namely carbenoxolone, simeprevir and irinotecan. All these results showed the potential of our analytical miniaturized affinity system for the determination of interactions between potential ligands and immobilized RBD of SARS-CoV-2 to aid in the battle against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yves Claude Guillaume
- Univ Franche - Comté, EA481 Neurosciences Intégratives et Cliniques/Pôle Chimie Analytique Bioanalytique et Physique (PCABP), F-25000 Besançon, France.
| | - Claire André
- Univ Franche - Comté, EA481 Neurosciences Intégratives et Cliniques/Pôle Chimie Analytique Bioanalytique et Physique (PCABP), F-25000 Besançon, France.
- CHRU Besançon, Pôle Pharmaceutique, F-25000 Besançon, France
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Korzhikova‐Vlakh EG, Tennikova TB. Some factors affecting pore size in the synthesis of rigid polymer monoliths: Theory and its applicability. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.51431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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14
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Tetala KKR. Preparation of Affinity Chromatography Monolith in Miniaturized Format and Application for Protein Separation. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2466:229-240. [PMID: 35585321 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2176-9_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Affinity chromatography is one of the versatile technique to selectively separate target biomolecules from complex biological sources (plasma, saliva, urine, etc.). Conventional chromatography resins possess technical limitations at mini-analytical scale, which was overcome with the use of alternative material known as monoliths. This chapter discusses on the how to modify the fused silica capillary inner surface, prepare polymer monoliths within the capillary confinements, chelation of metal-ions on monoliths and protein separation from diluted human plasma using metal-ion monolith microcolumn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kishore K R Tetala
- Centre for Bioseparation Technology (CBST), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
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15
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Preparation of Polystyrene Microsphere-Templated Porous Monolith for Wastewater Filtration. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14237165. [PMID: 34885320 PMCID: PMC8658112 DOI: 10.3390/ma14237165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Porous monoliths prepared using templates are highly sought after for filtration applications due to their good mass transport properties and high permeability. Current templates, however, often lead to the formation of dead-end pores and irregular pore distributions, which reduce the efficiency of the substrate flow across the monolith column. This study focused on the preparation of a microsphere-templated porous monolith for wastewater filtration. The optimal template/monomer ratio (50:50, 60:40, 70:30) was determined, and appropriate template removal techniques were assessed for the formation of homogenous pores. The physicochemical characteristics and pore homogeneity of the monoliths were examined. The 60:40 ratio was determined to result in monoliths with homogeneous pore distributions ranging from 1.9 μm to 2.3 μm. SEM and FTIR investigations revealed that solvent treatment was effective for removing templates from the resulting solid monolith. The water quality assessments revealed reductions in the turbidity and the total number of suspended particles in the tested wastewater of up to 96–99%. The findings of this study provide insightful knowledge regarding the fabrication of monoliths with homogenous pores that are beneficial for wastewater treatment.
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Lin C, Li Y, Tang W, Zhou S, Rao X. Facile Construction of Bio-Based Supramolecular Hydrogels from Dehydroabietic Acid with a Tricyclic Hydrophenanthrene Skeleton and Stabilized Gel Emulsions. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26216526. [PMID: 34770933 PMCID: PMC8586928 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Supramolecular hydrogels have attracted great attention due to their special properties. In this research, bio-based supramolecular hydrogels were conveniently constructed by heating and ultrasounding two components of dehydroabietic acid with a rigid tricyclic hydrophenanthrene skeleton and morpholine. The microstructures and properties of hydrogels were investigated by DSC, rheology, SAXS, CD spectroscopy, and cryo-TEM, respectively. The critical gel concentration (CGC) of the hydrogel was 0.3 mol·L−1 and the gel temperature was 115 °C. In addition, the hydrogel showed good stability and mechanical properties according to rheology results. Cryo-TEM images reveal that the microstructure of hydrogel is fibrous meshes; its corresponding mechanism has been studied using FT-IR spectra. Additionally, oil-in-water gel emulsions were prepared by the hydrogel at a concentration above its CGC, and the oil mass fraction of the oil-in-water gel emulsions could be freely adjusted between 5% and 70%. This work provides a convenient way to prepare bio-based supramolecular hydrogels and provides a new method for the application of rosin.
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17
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Pirogov AV, Markova ES, Anan’ev VY. Passive Adsorbers Based on Carbon Materials and Their Comparison for Estimating the Oil and Gas Potentials of Rocks. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934821090082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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18
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Poddar S, Sharmeen S, Hage DS. Affinity monolith chromatography: A review of general principles and recent developments. Electrophoresis 2021; 42:2577-2598. [PMID: 34293192 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202100163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Affinity monolith chromatography (AMC) is a liquid chromatographic technique that utilizes a monolithic support with a biological ligand or related binding agent to isolate, enrich, or detect a target analyte in a complex matrix. The target-specific interaction exhibited by the binding agents makes AMC attractive for the separation or detection of a wide range of compounds. This article will review the basic principles of AMC and recent developments in this field. The supports used in AMC will be discussed, including organic, inorganic, hybrid, carbohydrate, and cryogel monoliths. Schemes for attaching binding agents to these monoliths will be examined as well, such as covalent immobilization, biospecific adsorption, entrapment, molecular imprinting, and coordination methods. An overview will then be given of binding agents that have recently been used in AMC, along with their applications. These applications will include bioaffinity chromatography, immunoaffinity chromatography, immobilized metal-ion affinity chromatography, and dye-ligand or biomimetic affinity chromatography. The use of AMC in chiral separations and biointeraction studies will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saumen Poddar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, 68588, USA
| | - Sadia Sharmeen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, 68588, USA
| | - David S Hage
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, 68588, USA
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19
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Vitek R, do Nascimento FH, Masini JC. Polymer monoliths for the concentration of viruses from environmental waters: A review. J Sep Sci 2021; 45:134-148. [PMID: 34128332 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Even at low concentrations in environmental waters, some viruses are highly infective, making them a threat to human health. They are the leading cause of waterborne enteric diseases. In agriculture, plant viruses in irrigation and runoff water threat the crops. The low concentrations pose a challenge to early contamination detection. Thus, concentrating the virus particles into a small volume may be mandatory to achieve reliable detection in molecular techniques. This paper reviews the organic monoliths developments and their applications to concentrate virus particles from waters (waste, surface, tap, sea, and irrigation waters). Free-radical polymerization and polyaddition reactions are the most common strategies to prepare the monoliths currently used for virus concentration. Here, the routes for preparing and functionalizing both methacrylate and epoxy-based monoliths will be shortly described, following a revision of their retention mechanisms and applications in the concentration of enteric and plant viruses in several kinds of waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renan Vitek
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Brazil
| | - Fernando H do Nascimento
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jorge C Masini
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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20
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Karki I, Li P, Vik EC, Manzewitsch A, Divirgilio E, Brewer WE, Shimizu KD. Absorption properties of monolithic poly (divinylbenzene-co-N-vinylpyrrolidone) over a wide range of monomer ratios. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2021.104888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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21
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Machado LS, Soares FQ, Martins RO, Bernardo RA, Cardoso AT, Ruggiero MA, Rabelo D, Souza PS, Chaves AR. Polypyrrole monolithic extraction phase: From conventional to miniaturized sample preparation techniques. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1651:462260. [PMID: 34090059 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Monolithic polymers are described as continuous and highly porous materials. They have been gaining popularity as an effective extracting phase for some sample preparation methods, due to their variety of functionalities, such as wide pH range tolerance, good permeability, and its ability to allow changes into their surface. Polypyrrole represents an interesting alternative for the modification in extraction phases due to its well related ability to perform multiple interactions, such as acid-base, π - π, ion exchange, interactions with hydrophobic affinities or polar functional groups. Among the different sample preparation techniques, solid-phase extraction (SPE) is one of the most popular and used; a miniaturized version of SPE is the disposable pipette extraction (DPX). DPX is a recent miniaturized extraction technique that usually employing silica-based sorbents inside a pipette tip (5 or 1 mL). The present study proposes the development of a monolithic extraction phase composed by styrene divinylbenzene (1:1) modified with polypyrrole for SPE and DPX techniques. The efficiency of the material was evaluated in face of the extraction of different samples and analytes, triazine herbicides in water and dexamethasone in synthetic synovial liquid by conventional and miniaturized solid-phase extraction techniques. The extractions performed by SPE and DPX presented absolute recovery values ranging from 74.8 to 105.0%, inter-day precision ranging from 0.6 to 14.0%, and limit of quantification of 0.5 and 5.0 ng.mL-1, respectively. The DPX miniaturized method exhibited results equivalent to the methods reported in the literature for extraction of dexamethasone in synovial fluid samples. Moreover, this technique proved to be quicker and cheaper than SPE, and produced fewer residual volumes, supporting the preference for green chemistry. Monolithic polymers modified with polypyrrole presented to be a feasible alternative extraction phase for miniaturized sample preparation techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas S Machado
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO 74690-900, Brazil
| | - Francielle Q Soares
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO 74690-900, Brazil; Instituto Federal de Goiás, campus Inhumas, Inhumas, GO, Brazil
| | - Rafael O Martins
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO 74690-900, Brazil
| | - Ricardo A Bernardo
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO 74690-900, Brazil
| | - Alessandra T Cardoso
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO 74690-900, Brazil
| | | | - Denilson Rabelo
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO 74690-900, Brazil
| | - Paulo Sérgio Souza
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO 74690-900, Brazil
| | - Andréa R Chaves
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO 74690-900, Brazil.
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22
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Sarwar MS, Simon U, Dimartino S. Experimental investigation and mass transfer modelling of 3D printed monolithic cation exchangers. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1646:462125. [PMID: 33894456 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
3D printing has recently found application in chromatography as a means to create ordered stationary phases with improved separation efficiency. Currently, 3D printed stationary phases are limited by the lack of 3D printing materials suitable for chromatographic applications, and require a strict compromise in terms of desired resolution, model size and the associated print time. Modelling of mass transfer in 3D printed monoliths is also fundamental to understand and further optimise separation performance of 3D printed stationary phases. In this work, a novel 3D printing material was formulated and employed to fabricate monolithic cation exchangers (CEXs) with carboxyl functionalities. CEXs were printed with ligand densities of 0.7, 1.4, 2.1 and 2.8 mmol/g and used in batch adsorption experiments with lysozyme as model protein. All CEXs demonstrated high binding strength towards lysozyme, with maximum binding capacities of up to 108 mg/mL. The experimental results were described using mass transfer models based on lumped pore diffusion and lumped solid diffusion mechanisms adapted to reflect the complex geometry of the 3D printed monoliths. An exact 3D model as well as less computationally demanding 1D and 2D approximations were evaluated in terms of their quality to capture the experimental trend of batch adsorption kinetic data. Overall, the model results indicate that mass transfer in the fabricated CEXs is mostly controlled by pore diffusion at high protein concentrations in the mobile phase, with solid diffusion becoming important at low protein concentrations. Also, the kinetic data were approximated equally well by both the full 3D model as well as the 2D approximation, indicating leaner mathematical models of lower dimensionality can be employed to describe mass transfer in complex three dimensional geometries. We believe this work will help spur the development of 3D printable materials for separations and aid in the development of quantitative platforms to evaluate and optimise the performance of 3D printed monoliths.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sulaiman Sarwar
- Institute for Bioengineering, The School of Engineering, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3DW, UK
| | - Ursula Simon
- Institute for Bioengineering, The School of Engineering, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3DW, UK
| | - Simone Dimartino
- Institute for Bioengineering, The School of Engineering, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3DW, UK.
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23
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Abstract
Hydrogels are polymeric networks highly swollen with water. Because of their versatility and properties mimicking biological tissues, they are very interesting for biomedical applications. In this aim, the control of porosity is of crucial importance since it governs the transport properties and influences the fate of cells cultured onto or into the hydrogels. Among the techniques allowing for the elaboration of hydrogels, photopolymerization or photo-cross-linking are probably the most powerful and versatile synthetic routes. This Review aims at giving an overview of the literature dealing with photopolymerized hydrogels for which the generation or characterization of porosity is studied. First, the materials (polymers and photoinitiating systems) used for synthesizing hydrogels are presented. The different ways for generating porosity in the photopolymerized hydrogels are explained, and the characterization techniques allowing adequate study of the porosity are presented. Finally, some applications in the field of controlled release and tissue engineering are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erwan Nicol
- Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans (IMMM), UMR 6283 CNRS Le Mans Université, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, 72085 Cedex 9 Le Mans, France
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24
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Mizuno S, Asoh T, Takashima Y, Harada A, Uyama H. Molecule‐Responsive Polymer Monolith as a Smart Gate Driven by Host–Guest Interaction with Morphology Restoration. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202000392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Mizuno
- Department of Applied Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Osaka University Yamadaoka 2‐1 Suita Osaka 565‐0871 Japan
| | - Taka‐Aki Asoh
- Department of Applied Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Osaka University Yamadaoka 2‐1 Suita Osaka 565‐0871 Japan
| | - Yoshinori Takashima
- Department of Macromolecular Science Graduate School of Science Osaka University 1‐1 Machikaneyama‐cho Toyonaka Osaka 560‐0043 Japan
- Institute for Advanced Co‐Creation Studies Osaka University 1‐1 Machikaneyamacho Toyonaka Osaka 560‐0043 Japan
| | - Akira Harada
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research Osaka University 8‐1 Mihogaoka Ibaraki Osaka 567‐0047 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Uyama
- Department of Applied Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Osaka University Yamadaoka 2‐1 Suita Osaka 565‐0871 Japan
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25
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Korzhikova-Vlakh E, Antipchik M, Tennikova T. Macroporous Polymer Monoliths in Thin Layer Format. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:1059. [PMID: 33801786 PMCID: PMC8037505 DOI: 10.3390/polym13071059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, macroporous polymer monoliths represent widely used stationary phases for a number of dynamic interphase mass exchange processes such as high-performance liquid chromatography, gas chromatography, electrochromatography, solid-phase extraction, and flow-through solid-state biocatalysis. This review represents the first summary in the field of current achievements on the preparation of macroporous polymer monolithic layers, as well as their application as solid phases for thin-layer chromatography and different kinds of microarray.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenia Korzhikova-Vlakh
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshoy pr. 31, 199004 St. Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Mariia Antipchik
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshoy pr. 31, 199004 St. Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Tatiana Tennikova
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint-Petersburg State University, Unversitetskiy pr. 26, Petergof, 198584 St. Petersburg, Russia;
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26
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Fabrication of target specific solid-state optical sensors using chromoionophoric probe-integrated porous monolithic polymer and silica templates for cobalt ions. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:3177-3191. [PMID: 33677651 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03255-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The article demonstrates the design of two solid-state sensors for the capturing of industrially relevant ultra-trace Co(II) ions using porous monolithic silica and polymer templates. The mesoporous silica reveals high surface area and voluminous pore dimensions that ensures homogeneous anchoring of 4-((5-(allylthio)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)diazenyl)benzene-1,3-diol, as the chromoionophore. We report a first of its kind solid-state macro-/meso-porous polymer monolithic optical sensor from a monomeric chromoionophore, i.e., 2-(4-butylphenyl)diazenyl)-2-hydroxybenzylidene)hydrazine-1-carbothioamide. The monolithic solid-state sensors are characterized using HR-TEM-SAED, FE-SEM-EDAX, p-XRD, XPS, 29Si/13C CPMAS NMR, FT-IR, TGA, and BET/BJH analysis. The electron microscopic images reveal a highly ordered hexagonal mesoporous network of honeycomb pattern for silica monolith, and a long-range macroporous framework with mesoporous channels for polymer monolith. The sensors offer exclusive ion-selectivity and sensitivity for trace cobalt ions, through a concentration proportionate visual color transition, with a response kinetics of ≤ 5 min. The optimization of ion-sensing performance reveals an excellent detection limit of 0.29 and 0.15 ppb for Co(II), using silica- and polymer-based monolithic sensors, respectively. The proposed sensors are tested with industrial wastewater and spent Li-ion batteries, which reveals a superior cobalt ion capturing efficiency of ≥ 99.2% (RSD: ≤ 2.07%).
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27
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Marques R, Lima NM, Cantarino LF, de Carvalho GS, Leitão AA, do Lago CL, de Oliveira MA. [3-(Methacryloxy)propyl]trimethoxysilane-based monolithic stationary phases for capillary-scale chromatography and their characterization by contactless conductivity detection and solid-state NMR spectroscopy. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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28
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Co-continuous network polymers using epoxy monolith for the design of tough materials. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1431. [PMID: 33446844 PMCID: PMC7809133 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-80978-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
High-performance polymer materials that can exhibit distinguished mechanical properties have been developed based on material design considering energy dissipation by sacrificial bond dissociation. We now propose co-continuous network polymers (CNPs) for the design of tough polymer materials. CNP is a new composite material fabricated by filling the three-dimensionally continuous pores of a hard epoxy monolith with any cross-linked polymer having a low glass transition temperature (Tg). The structure and mechanical properties of the CNPs containing epoxy resins, thiol-ene thermosets, and polyacrylates as the low-Tg components were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry, dynamic mechanical analysis, tensile tests as well as scanning electron microscopic observations and non-destructive 3D X-ray imaging in order to clarify a mechanism for exhibiting an excellent strength and toughness. It has been demonstrated that the mechanical properties and fractural behavior of the CNPs significantly depend on the network structure of the filler polymers, and that a simultaneous high strength and toughness are achieved via the sacrificial fracture mechanism of epoxy-based hard materials with co-continuous network structures.
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29
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3D printing of inherently nanoporous polymers via polymerization-induced phase separation. Nat Commun 2021; 12:247. [PMID: 33431911 PMCID: PMC7801408 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20498-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
3D printing offers enormous flexibility in fabrication of polymer objects with complex geometries. However, it is not suitable for fabricating large polymer structures with geometrical features at the sub-micrometer scale. Porous structure at the sub-micrometer scale can render macroscopic objects with unique properties, including similarities with biological interfaces, permeability and extremely large surface area, imperative inter alia for adsorption, separation, sensing or biomedical applications. Here, we introduce a method combining advantages of 3D printing via digital light processing and polymerization-induced phase separation, which enables formation of 3D polymer structures of digitally defined macroscopic geometry with controllable inherent porosity at the sub-micrometer scale. We demonstrate the possibility to create 3D polymer structures of highly complex geometries and spatially controlled pore sizes from 10 nm to 1000 µm. Produced hierarchical polymers combining nanoporosity with micrometer-sized pores demonstrate improved adsorption performance due to better pore accessibility and favored cell adhesion and growth for 3D cell culture due to surface porosity. This method extends the scope of applications of 3D printing to hierarchical inherently porous 3D objects combining structural features ranging from 10 nm up to cm, making them available for a wide variety of applications. 3D printing offers flexibility in fabrication of polymer objects but fabrication of large polymer structures with micrometer-sized geometrical features are challenging. Here, the authors introduce a method combining advantages of 3D printing and polymerization-induced phase separation, which enables formation of 3D polymer structures with controllable inherent porosity.
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30
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Sotnikova YS, Patrushev YV, Sidelnikov VN, Mazaeva AA. In situ functionalization of HPLC monolithic columns based on divinylbenzene-styrene-4-vinylbenzyl chloride. Talanta 2020; 220:121400. [PMID: 32928418 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The properties of chromatographic columns are largely determined by functional groups located on the sorbent surface. For monolithic columns, surface functional groups can be created during synthesis stage or by chemical bonding with the complete surface of the sorbent. One of sorbent modification approach is to use on-column click reactions with surface reactive groups. In this study, the surface treatment of monolithic sorbent based on divinylbenzene (DVB), styrene (St) and 4-vinylbenzyl chloride (4VBC) copolymer by heterocyclic nitrogen-containing compounds 1-methylimidazole (1MI), 2-methylimidazole (2MI), 2-methylpyridine (2 MP) and 4-methylpyridine (4 MP) is described. The reaction of nitrogen-containing heterocycles with chloromethyl fragments on the surface results in formation of ion pairs and significantly changes the selectivity of monolithic columns. The chromatographic properties of prepared columns are studied. Modified columns can be operated in reversed-phase (RP) chromatography or in hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) with different composition of the mobile phase. Separation examples of various chemical substances classes are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia S Sotnikova
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, Pr. Lavrentieva 5, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia; Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova Str., 2, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Yuri V Patrushev
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, Pr. Lavrentieva 5, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia; Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova Str., 2, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia.
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31
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Flow-Through Macroporous Polymer Monoliths Containing Artificial Catalytic Centers Mimicking Chymotrypsin Active Site. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10121395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthetic catalysts that could compete with enzymes in term of the catalytic efficiency but surpass them in stability have a great potential for the practical application. In this work, we have developed a novel kind of organic catalysts based on flow-through macroporous polymer monoliths containing catalytic centers that mimic the catalytic site of natural enzyme chymotrypsin. It is known that chymotrypsin catalytic center consists of L-serine, L-histidine, and L-aspartic acid and has specificity to C-terminal residues of hydrophobic amino acids (L-phenylalanine, L-tyrosine, and L-tryptophan). In this paper, we have prepared the macroporous polymer monoliths bearing grafted polymer layer on their surface. The last one was synthesized via copolymerization of N-methacryloyl-L-serine, N-methacryloyl-L-histidine, and N-methacryloyl-L-aspartic acid. The spatial orientation of amino acids in the polymer layer, generated on the surface of monolithic framework, was achieved by coordinating amino acid-polymerizable derivatives with cobalt (II) ions without substrate-mimicking template and with its use. The conditions for the preparation of mimic materials were optimized to achieve a mechanically stable system. Catalytic properties of the developed systems were evaluated towards the hydrolysis of ester bond in a low molecular substrate and compared to the results of using chymotrypsin immobilized on the surface of a similar monolithic framework. The effect of flow rate increase and temperature elevation on the hydrolysis efficiency were evaluated for both mimic monolith and column with immobilized enzyme.
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32
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Henrique do Nascimento F, Trazzi CRL, Moraes AH, Velasques CM, Costa DMDS, Masini JC. Construction of polymer monolithic columns in polypropylene ink-pen tubes for separation of proteins by cation-exchange chromatography. J Sep Sci 2020; 43:4123-4130. [PMID: 32914492 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202000803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
We describe the synthesis of polymer monoliths inside polypropylene tubes from ink pens. These tubes are cheap, chemically stable, and resistant to pressure. UV-initiated grafting with 5 wt% benzophenone in methanol for 20 min activated the internal surface, thus enabling the covalent binding of ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, also via photografting. The pendant vinyl groups attached a poly(glycidyl methacrylate-co-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) monolith prepared via photopolymerization. These tubes measured 100-110 mm long, with 2 mm of internal diameter. The parent monoliths were functionalized with Na2 SO3 or iminodiacetate to produce strong and weak cation exchangers, respectively. The columns exhibited permeabilities varying from 2.7 to 3.3 × 10-13 m2 , which enabled the separation of proteins at 500 µL/min and back pressures <2.8 MPa. Neither structure collapse nor monolith detachment occurred at flow rates as high as 2.0 mL/min, which produced back pressures between 6.9 and 9.0 MPa. The retention times of ovalbumin, ribonuclease A, cytochrome C, and lysozyme in salt gradient at pH 7.0 followed the order of increasing isoelectric points, confirming the cation exchange mechanism. Separation and determination of lysozyme in egg white proved the applicability of the columns to the analysis of complex samples.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Amanda Hanashiro Moraes
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Caryna Moraes Velasques
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Jorge Cesar Masini
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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33
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Kazarian AA, Barnhart W, Campuzano IDG, Cabrera J, Fitch T, Long J, Sham K, Wu B, Murray JK. Purification of guanine-quadruplex using monolithic stationary phase under ion-exchange conditions. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1634:461633. [PMID: 33189959 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The current study investigates a method for purification of the G-quadruplex secondary structure, naturally formed by a guanine-rich 21-mer oligonucleotide strand using a monolithic convective interaction media-quaternary amine (CIM-QA) column under ion-exchange conditions. The monolithic support was initially evaluated on a preparative scale against a highly efficient TSKgel SuperQ-5PW ion-exchange support designed for oligonucleotide purification. The CIM analogue demonstrated clear advantages over the particle-based support on the basis of rapid separation times, while also affording high purity of the G-quadruplex. Various parameters were investigated including the type of mobile phase anion, cation, pH and injection load to induce and control quadruplex formation, as well as enhance chromatographic separation and final purity. Potassium afforded the most prominent quadruplex formation, yet sodium allowed for the highest resolution and purity to be achieved with a 30 mg injection on an 8 ml CIM-QA monolithic column. This method was applied to purify in excess of 300 mg of the quadruplex, with excellent retention time precision of under 1% RSD. Native mass spectrometry was utilized to confirm the identity of the intact G-quadruplex under non-denaturing conditions, while ion-pairing reversed-phase methods confirmed the presence of the single-stranded oligonucleotide in high purity (92%) under denaturing conditions. The key advantage of the purification method enables isolation of the G-quadruplex in its native state on a milli-gram scale, allowing structural characterization to further our knowledge of its role and function. The G-quadruplex can also be subsequently denaturated at elevated temperature causing single strand formation if additional reactions are to be pursued, such as annealing to form a duplex, and evaluation in in vitro or in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wesley Barnhart
- Amgen Research, Amgen, Inc. One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, CA, 91320, USA
| | - Iain D G Campuzano
- Amgen Research, Amgen, Inc. One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, CA, 91320, USA
| | - Jeremy Cabrera
- Amgen Research, Amgen, Inc. One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, CA, 91320, USA
| | - Theodore Fitch
- Amgen Research, Amgen, Inc. One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, CA, 91320, USA
| | - Jason Long
- Amgen Research, Amgen, Inc. One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, CA, 91320, USA
| | - Kelvin Sham
- Amgen Research, Amgen, Inc. One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, CA, 91320, USA
| | - Bin Wu
- Amgen Research, Amgen, Inc. One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, CA, 91320, USA
| | - Justin K Murray
- Amgen Research, Amgen, Inc. One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, CA, 91320, USA
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Warias R, Ragno D, Massi A, Belder D. A Visible-Light-Powered Polymerization Method for the Immobilization of Enantioselective Organocatalysts into Microreactors. Chemistry 2020; 26:13152-13156. [PMID: 32453458 PMCID: PMC7693110 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A versatile one‐step photopolymerization approach for the immobilization of enantioselective organocatalysts is presented. Chiral organocatalyst‐containing monoliths based on polystyrene divinylbenzene copolymer were generated inside channels of microfluidic chips. Exemplary performance tests were performed for the monolithic Hayashi–Jørgensen catalyst in continuous flow, which showed good results for the Michael addition of aldehydes to nitroalkenes in terms of stereoselectivity and catalyst stability with minimal consumption of reagents and solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rico Warias
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Leipzig University, Linnéstraße 3, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Daniele Ragno
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alessandro Massi
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Detlev Belder
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Leipzig University, Linnéstraße 3, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
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35
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Effect of comonomer on the Cu-BDC/Poly(NMA-coSAS) foams templating from CO2-in-water emulsion: Adsorptive and bacteriostatic applications. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.124959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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36
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Sakata N, Takeda Y, Kotera M, Suzuki Y, Matsumoto A. Interfacial Structure Control and Three-Dimensional X-ray Imaging of an Epoxy Monolith Bonding System with Surface Modification. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:10923-10932. [PMID: 32864969 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c01481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A monolith bonding system has a high reliability for dissimilar material bonding. The epoxy monolith layer fabricated on a substrate guarantees bond strength by the anchor effect, regardless of the compatibility of the used materials. Designing a high-performance monolith bonding system requires the suppression of an interfacial failure between the monolith and the substrate. In this study, silane and phosphine coupling agents containing amino and epoxy groups were used to construct a robust interfacial structure between the monolith and the substrates such as glass and metals. The internal and interfacial monolith structures were characterized by three-dimensional X-ray imaging as a nondestructive observation method in addition to the scanning electron microscopy of the sample cross sections. The modification of the substrate-monolith interface using the coupling agents improved the strength of dissimilar material bonding of the glass and metal substrates in combination with thermoplastic resins such as poly(ethylene terephthalate) and polycarbonate bisphenol-A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanako Sakata
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1, Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Takeda
- Core Technology Research Department, X-ray Research Laboratory, Rigaku Corporation, 3-9-12, Matsubara-cho, Akishima, Tokyo 196-8666, Japan
| | - Masaru Kotera
- R&D Department, HOTMELT ADHESIVE Division, MORESCO Corporation, 5-5-3, Minatojimaminami-machi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Suzuki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1, Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Akikazu Matsumoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1, Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
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37
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Lozinsky VI. Cryostructuring of Polymeric Systems. 55. Retrospective View on the More than 40 Years of Studies Performed in the A.N.Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds with Respect of the Cryostructuring Processes in Polymeric Systems. Gels 2020; 6:E29. [PMID: 32927850 PMCID: PMC7559272 DOI: 10.3390/gels6030029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The processes of cryostructuring in polymeric systems, the techniques of the preparation of diverse cryogels and cryostructurates, the physico-chemical mechanisms of their formation, and the applied potential of these advanced polymer materials are all of high scientific and practical interest in many countries. This review article describes and discusses the results of more than 40 years of studies in this field performed by the researchers from the A.N.Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences-one of the key centers, where such investigations are carried out. The review includes brief historical information, the description of the main effects and trends characteristic of the cryostructuring processes, the data on the morphological specifics inherent in the polymeric cryogels and cryostructurates, and examples of their implementation for solving certain applied tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir I Lozinsky
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Street, 28, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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Matsumoto H, Hoshino Y, Iwai T, Sawamura M, Miura Y. Polystyrene-Cross-Linking Triphenylphosphine on a Porous Monolith: Enhanced Catalytic Activity for Aryl Chloride Cross-Coupling in Biphasic Flow. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c02404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hikaru Matsumoto
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yu Hoshino
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Iwai
- Department of Chemistry, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Masaya Sawamura
- Department of Chemistry, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Kita 21 Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Miura
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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39
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Matsumoto H, Hoshino Y, Iwai T, Sawamura M, Miura Y. Polystyrene‐Supported PPh
3
in Monolithic Porous Material: Effect of Cross‐Linking Degree on Coordination Mode and Catalytic Activity in Pd‐Catalyzed C−C Cross‐Coupling of Aryl Chlorides. ChemCatChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202000651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hikaru Matsumoto
- Department of Chemical Engineering Kyushu University 744 Motooka Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Yu Hoshino
- Department of Chemical Engineering Kyushu University 744 Motooka Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Tomohiro Iwai
- Department of Chemistry Hokkaido University Kita 10 Nishi 8 Kita-ku Sapporo 060-0810 Japan
| | - Masaya Sawamura
- Department of Chemistry Hokkaido University Kita 10 Nishi 8 Kita-ku Sapporo 060-0810 Japan
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD) Hokkaido University Kita 21 Nishi 10 Kita-ku Sapporo 001-0021 Japan
| | - Yoshiko Miura
- Department of Chemical Engineering Kyushu University 744 Motooka Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
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40
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SHAH S, SHAİKH H, MEMON N, BHANGER MI, QURESHİ T, KHAN H, DENİZLİ A. Preparation, characterization, and binding profile of imprinted semi-IPN cryogel composite for aluminum. Turk J Chem 2020; 44:901-922. [PMID: 33488201 PMCID: PMC7751924 DOI: 10.3906/kim-2002-36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Human body is greatly exposed to aluminum due to its high abundance in the environment. This nonessential metal is a threat to the patients of chronic renal disorders, as it is easily retained in their plasma and quickly accumulates in different tissues. Thus, there is great need to remove it from the aqueous environment. In this study, Al3+ imprinted semiinterpenetrating polymer network (semi-IPN)-based cryogel composite was prepared and applied for the purification of environmental and drinking water samples from aluminum. Poly (2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (pHEMA) discs were produced via cryogenic treatment and imprinted semi-IPN was introduced to the 3-(trimethoxysilyl) propyl acrylatemodified macroporous cryogel discs. The adsorption properties and selectivity of the aluminum (III) imprinted semi-IPN cryogel composite were studied in detail. The imprinted semi-IPN cryogel composite showed good selectivity towards aluminum (III) ions with the imprinting factor (IF) of 76.4 in the presence of competing copper (II), nickle (II), and iron (III) ions. The maximum adsorption capacity of 271 μmol g-1 was obtained for aluminum (III) at pH 7.0 within 10 min using imprinted semi-IPN cryogel composite. The good selectivity and reusability of aluminum (III)-imprinted semi-IPN cryogel composite makes this material an eligible candidate for the purification of drinking water from aluminum (III) leaving important minerals remained in the water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahnila SHAH
- National Center of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, JamshoroPakistan
| | - Huma SHAİKH
- National Center of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, JamshoroPakistan
| | - Najma MEMON
- National Center of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, JamshoroPakistan
| | - Muhammad Iqbal BHANGER
- National Center of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, JamshoroPakistan
| | - Tahira QURESHİ
- National Center of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, JamshoroPakistan
| | - Humaira KHAN
- National Center of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, JamshoroPakistan
| | - Adil DENİZLİ
- National Center of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, JamshoroPakistan
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41
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Shirahase T, Akasaka S, Asai S. Organic solvent-free fabrication of mesoporous polymer monolith from miscible PLLA/PMMA blend. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.122742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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42
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Mayer F, Ryklin D, Wacker I, Curticean R, Čalkovský M, Niemeyer A, Dong Z, Levkin PA, Gerthsen D, Schröder RR, Wegener M. 3D Two-Photon Microprinting of Nanoporous Architectures. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2002044. [PMID: 32608038 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202002044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A photoresist system for 3D two-photon microprinting is presented, which enables the printing of inherently nanoporous structures with mean pore sizes around 50 nm by means of self-organization on the nanoscale. A phase separation between polymerizable and chemically inert photoresist components leads to the formation of 3D co-continuous structures. Subsequent washing-out of the unpolymerized phase reveals the porous polymer structures. To characterize the volume properties of the printed structures, scanning electron microscopy images are recorded from ultramicrotome sections. In addition, the light-scattering properties of the 3D-printed material are analyzed. By adjusting the printing parameters, the porosity can be controlled during 3D printing. As an application example, a functioning miniaturized Ulbricht light-collection sphere is 3D printed and tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederik Mayer
- 3DMM2O-Cluster of Excellence (EXC-2082/1-390761711), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, 76131, Germany
- Institute of Applied Physics (APH), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, 76128, Germany
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, 76128, Germany
| | - Daniel Ryklin
- 3DMM2O-Cluster of Excellence (EXC-2082/1-390761711), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, 76131, Germany
- Centre for Advanced Materials, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 225, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
| | - Irene Wacker
- 3DMM2O-Cluster of Excellence (EXC-2082/1-390761711), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, 76131, Germany
- Centre for Advanced Materials, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 225, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
| | - Ronald Curticean
- 3DMM2O-Cluster of Excellence (EXC-2082/1-390761711), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, 76131, Germany
- Centre for Advanced Materials, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 225, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
| | - Martin Čalkovský
- 3DMM2O-Cluster of Excellence (EXC-2082/1-390761711), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, 76131, Germany
- Laboratorium für Elektronenmikroskopie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, 76128, Germany
| | - Andreas Niemeyer
- 3DMM2O-Cluster of Excellence (EXC-2082/1-390761711), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, 76131, Germany
- Institute of Applied Physics (APH), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, 76128, Germany
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, 76128, Germany
| | - Zheqin Dong
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems-Functional Molecular Systems (IBCS-FMS), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, 76344, Germany
| | - Pavel A Levkin
- 3DMM2O-Cluster of Excellence (EXC-2082/1-390761711), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, 76131, Germany
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems-Functional Molecular Systems (IBCS-FMS), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, 76344, Germany
| | - Dagmar Gerthsen
- 3DMM2O-Cluster of Excellence (EXC-2082/1-390761711), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, 76131, Germany
- Laboratorium für Elektronenmikroskopie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, 76128, Germany
| | - Rasmus R Schröder
- 3DMM2O-Cluster of Excellence (EXC-2082/1-390761711), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, 76131, Germany
- Centre for Advanced Materials, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 225, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
| | - Martin Wegener
- 3DMM2O-Cluster of Excellence (EXC-2082/1-390761711), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, 76131, Germany
- Institute of Applied Physics (APH), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, 76128, Germany
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, 76128, Germany
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43
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Lyapkov AA, Ta QC, Kukurina OS, Troyan AA, Soroka LS, Zemlyakov DI, Ashirov RV, Nguyen VT, Rusakov DA, Vervacke D. Low-density polydicyclopentadiene through the use of microspheres. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-020-02151-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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44
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Chu Z, Zhang W, Li D, Zhang L, Zhu M, Ge Z. Synthesis and chromatographic evaluation of poly(pentabromostyrene)-silica composite: A versatile stationary phase for separating both polar and non-polar aromatic compounds. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.104838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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45
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Eco-friendly production of metal nanoparticles immobilised on organic monolith for pepsin extraction. POLISH JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.2478/pjct-2020-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Polymer monoliths modified by using nanoparticles (NPs) integrate high NP specific surface area with different monolith surface chemistry and high porosity. As a result, they have extensive applications within different fields, whereas nanomaterial-functionalised porous polymer monoliths have elicited considerable interest from investigators. This study is aimed at fabricating organic polymer-based monoliths from polybutyl methacrylate-co-ethylenedimethacrylate (BuMA-co-EDMA) monoliths prior to immobilization of gold or silver metal on the pore surface of the monoliths using reducing reagent (extracts of lemon peels). This was intended to denote a sustainable technique of immobilizing nanoparticles that are advantageous over physical and chemical techniques because it is safe in terms of handling, readily available, environmentally friendly, and cheap. Two different methods were used in the study to effectively immobilize nanoparticles on monolithic components. The outcomes showed that soaking the monolith rod in the prepared nano solution directly and placing it within ovens at temperatures of 80°C constituted the most effective method. Characterisation of the fabricated monolith was undertaken using SEM/EDX analysis, UV-vis. spectra analysis, and visual observation. The SEM analysis showed that nanoparticles were extensively immobilised on the surface polymers. Another peak was attained through EDX analysis, thus confirming the Au atom existence at 2.83% alongside another peak that proved the Ag atom existence at 1.92%. The fabricated components were used as sorbents for purifying protein. The ideal performance was achieved using gold nanoparticles (GNPs) immobilised organic monolith that attained a greater pepsin extraction recovery compared to silver nanoparticles (SNPs) immobilised organic monoliths alongside bare organic-based monolith.
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46
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Seto H, Matsumoto H, Miura Y. Preparation of palladium-loaded polymer hydrogel catalysts with high durability and recyclability. Polym J 2020. [DOI: 10.1038/s41428-020-0323-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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47
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Urban J. Are we approaching a post‐monolithic era? J Sep Sci 2020; 43:1628-1633. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201901331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiří Urban
- Department of ChemistryFaculty of ScienceMasaryk University Brno Czech Republic
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48
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Kamin Z, Abdulrahim N, Misson M, Chiam CK, Sarbatly R, Krishnaiah D, Bono A. Use of melt blown polypropylene nanofiber templates to obtain homogenous pore channels in glycidyl methacrylate/ethyl dimethacrylate-based monoliths. CHEM ENG COMMUN 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00986445.2020.1715958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zykamilia Kamin
- Oil and Gas Engineering Programme, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
- Energy Research Unit, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - N. Abdulrahim
- Chemical Engineering Programme, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - M. Misson
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - C. K. Chiam
- Oil and Gas Engineering Programme, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - R. Sarbatly
- Chemical Engineering Programme, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - D. Krishnaiah
- Chemical Engineering Programme, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - A. Bono
- Chemical Engineering Programme, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
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49
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Garkushina I, Polyakova I, PisarEv O. Effect of gel diffusion on the frontal sorption and desorption of erythromycin by molecularly imprinted polymeric monoliths. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2019.1577452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Irina Garkushina
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Institute of Macromolecular Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Irina Polyakova
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Institute of Macromolecular Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Oleg PisarEv
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Institute of Macromolecular Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
- Department of Medical Physics, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, Russia
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50
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Yan T, Song B, Pei X, Cui Z, Binks BP, Yang H. Widely Adaptable Oil-in-Water Gel Emulsions Stabilized by an Amphiphilic Hydrogelator Derived from Dehydroabietic Acid. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:637-641. [PMID: 31670436 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201907774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A surfactant, R-6-AO, derived from dehydroabietic acid has been synthesized. It behaves as a highly efficient low-molecular-weight hydrogelator with an extremely low critical gelation concentration (CGC) of 0.18 wt % (4 mm). R-6-AO not only stabilizes oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions at concentrations above its critical micelle concentration (cmc) of 0.6 mm, but also forms gel emulsions at concentrations beyond the CGC with the oil volume fraction freely adjustable between 2 % and 95 %. Cryo-TEM images reveal that R-6-AO molecules self-assemble into left-handed helical fibers with cross-sectional diameters of about 10 nm in pure water, which can be turned to very stable hydrogels at concentrations above the CGC. The gel emulsions stabilized by R-6-AO can be prepared with different oils (n-dodecane, n-decane, n-octane, soybean oil, olive oil, tricaprylin) owing to the tricyclic diterpene hydrophobic structure in their molecules that enables them to adopt a unique arrangement in the fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Yan
- The Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, P. R. China
| | - Binglei Song
- The Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, P. R. China
| | - Xiaomei Pei
- The Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, P. R. China
| | - Zhenggang Cui
- The Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, P. R. China
| | - Bernard P Binks
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Hull, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK
| | - Hengquan Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, P. R. China
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