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Venter P. The effects of modifiers on electrospray ionization for small-to-medium-sized molecules in comparison with solution-phase ionization. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2024; 38:e9749. [PMID: 38634146 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Modifiers are essential additives in electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometric analysis to enhance the production of ionic species in the gas phase for the detection of small-to-medium-sized molecules in biological and aqueous samples. Therefore, an appropriate modifier, in conjunction with the right ionization polarity, is crucial for sensitive ESI mass spectrometric analysis. However, the charge carried by basic and acidic functional groups in solution is neither quantitatively nor qualitatively reflected in the MS spectrum. For example, adding an acidic modifier will cause sufficient protonation of a basic functional group in solution; however, this may result in inferior positive ESI compared to using a basic modifier. Another example is when the MS spectrum does not reflect the charge distribution of multiply charged molecules in solution. Therefore, this review will summarize and discuss the proposed mechanisms by which modifiers induce and influence ESI. It will also cover molecular characteristics that affect ESI, such as charge state and polarity, which result in a difference between solution-phase ionization and ESI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter Venter
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa
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2
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van Leeuwen JA, Gerritse J, Hartog N, Ertl S, Parsons JR, Hassanizadeh SM. Anaerobic degradation of benzene and other aromatic hydrocarbons in a tar-derived plume: Nitrate versus iron reducing conditions. JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY 2022; 248:104006. [PMID: 35439686 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2022.104006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The anaerobic degradation of aromatic hydrocarbons in a plume originating from a Pintsch gas tar-DNAPL zone was investigated using molecular, isotopic- and microbial analyses. Benzene concentrations diminished at the relatively small meter scale dimensions of the nitrate reducing plume fringe. The ratio of benzene to toluene, ethylbenzene, xylenes and naphthalene (BTEXN) in the fringe zone compared to the plume zone, indicated relatively more loss of benzene in the fringe zone than TEXN. This was substantiated by changes in relative concentrations of BTEXN, and multi-element compound specific isotope analysis for δ2H and δ13C. This was supported by the presence of (abcA) genes, indicating the presumed benzene carboxylase enzyme in the nitrate-reducing plume fringe. Biodegradation of most hydrocarbon contaminants at iron reducing conditions in the plume core, appears to be quantitatively of greater significance due to the large volume of the plume core, rather than relatively faster biodegradation under nitrate reducing conditions at the smaller volume of the plume fringe. Contaminant concentration reductions by biodegradation processes were shown to vary distinctively between the source, plume (both iron-reducing) and fringe (nitrate-reducing) zones of the plume. High anaerobic microbial activity was detected in the plume zone as well as in the dense non aqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) containing source zone. Biodegradation of most, if not all, other water-soluble Pintsch gas tar aromatic hydrocarbon contaminants occur at the relatively large dimensions of the anoxic plume core. The highest diversity and concentrations of metabolites were detected in the iron-reducing plume core, where the sum of parent compounds of aromatic hydrocarbons was greater than 10 mg/L. The relatively high concentrations of metabolites suggest a hot spot for anaerobic degradation in the core of the plume downgradient but relatively close to the DNAPL containing source zone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan A van Leeuwen
- Utrecht University, Department of Earth Sciences, Environmental Hydrogeology Group, Princetonplein 9, 3584 CC Utrecht, the Netherlands; KWR Water Research Institute, Groningenhaven 7, 3433 PE Nieuwegein, the Netherlands.
| | - Jan Gerritse
- Deltares, Unit Subsurface and Groundwater Systems, Daltonlaan 600, 3584 BK Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Niels Hartog
- Utrecht University, Department of Earth Sciences, Environmental Hydrogeology Group, Princetonplein 9, 3584 CC Utrecht, the Netherlands; KWR Water Research Institute, Groningenhaven 7, 3433 PE Nieuwegein, the Netherlands
| | - Siegmund Ertl
- Hydroisotop GmbH, Woelkestrasse 9, Sweitenkirchen 85301, Germany
| | - John R Parsons
- University of Amsterdam, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - S Majid Hassanizadeh
- Utrecht University, Department of Earth Sciences, Environmental Hydrogeology Group, Princetonplein 9, 3584 CC Utrecht, the Netherlands
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3
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Bagsby C, Saha A, Goodin G, Siddiqi S, Farone M, Farone A, Kline PC. Stability of pentobarbital in soil. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2018; 53:207-213. [PMID: 29286885 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2017.1406714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Intravenous injection of barbiturates, particularly pentobarbital (5-ethyl-5-pentan-2-yl-1,3-diazinane-2,4,5-trione), is a widely used method to euthanize large animals such as horses. However, one concern with this method is the fate of pentobarbital after the disposal of the carcass. As tissues decompose, pentobarbital may leach into the soil and from there migrate to groundwater. A method using methanol extraction, solid phase concentration, and liquid chromatography (LC/MS) has been developed to measure pentobarbital in soils. Recovery of pentobarbital from soil averaged approximately 85% from different soil types including topsoil, potting soil, sand, stall sweepings, and loam. The method was capable of detecting pentobarbital levels of 0.1 ppm. A calibration curve was constructed with a linear range of 1 ppm to 100 ppm. The limit of quantification was 0.5 ppm. The rate of degradation of pentobarbital in sand, topsoil, and potting soil was measured over a 17-week period. At the end of week 17, approximately 17% of the pentobarbital remained in the sand, 19% remained in the topsoil, and 10% remained in the potting soil. While there was a significant decrease in the pentobarbital recovered from the soil, there were still detectable amounts of pentobarbital present in the soil after 17 weeks. To determine the importance of bacterial degradation, the three soil types were autoclaved before addition of pentobarbital. After autoclaving, no degradation of pentobarbital was observed in sand and one topsoil sample, while there was no difference in the degradation of pentobarbital in autoclaved potting soil versus potting soil that had not undergone autoclaving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chasity Bagsby
- a Department of Chemistry , Middle Tennessee State University , Murfreesboro , Tennessee , USA
| | - Anita Saha
- a Department of Chemistry , Middle Tennessee State University , Murfreesboro , Tennessee , USA
| | - Granville Goodin
- a Department of Chemistry , Middle Tennessee State University , Murfreesboro , Tennessee , USA
| | - Sheeba Siddiqi
- a Department of Chemistry , Middle Tennessee State University , Murfreesboro , Tennessee , USA
| | - Mary Farone
- b Department of Biology , Middle Tennessee State University , Murfreesboro , Tennessee , USA
| | - Anthony Farone
- b Department of Biology , Middle Tennessee State University , Murfreesboro , Tennessee , USA
| | - Paul C Kline
- a Department of Chemistry , Middle Tennessee State University , Murfreesboro , Tennessee , USA
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4
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Multi-residue analysis of sedative drugs in human plasma by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2018; 1072:305-314. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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5
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Zhang X, Lin Z, Li J, Huang Z, Rao Y, Liang H, Yan J, Zheng F. Rapid determination of nine barbiturates in human whole blood by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Drug Test Anal 2016; 9:588-595. [DOI: 10.1002/dta.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing Jiangsu PR China
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences; Fudan University; Shanghai PR China
| | - Zebin Lin
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences; Fudan University; Shanghai PR China
| | - Jiaolun Li
- Department of Chemistry; Fudan University; Shanghai PR China
| | - Zhibin Huang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences; Fudan University; Shanghai PR China
| | - Yulan Rao
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences; Fudan University; Shanghai PR China
| | - Hao Liang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences; Fudan University; Shanghai PR China
| | - Jie Yan
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences; Central South University; Changsha Hunan PR China
| | - Feng Zheng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing Jiangsu PR China
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6
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Anilanmert B, Çavuş F, Narin I, Cengiz S, Sertler Ş, Özdemir AA, Açikkol M. Simultaneous analysis method for GHB, ketamine, norketamine, phenobarbital, thiopental, zolpidem, zopiclone and phenytoin in urine, using C18 poroshell column. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1022:230-241. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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7
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Bussy U, Li K, Li W. Application of liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in quantitative bioanalyses of organic molecules in aquatic environment and organisms. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:9459-79. [PMID: 26996906 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6433-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Analytical methods using liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for the simultaneous determination of metabolites or contaminants (or both) in various tissues of aquatic organisms and in the aquatic environment have received increasing attention in the last few years. This review discusses the findings relevant to such procedures published between 2005 and 2015. The aim is to evaluate the advantages, restrictions, and performances of the procedures from sample preparation to mass spectrometry measurement. To support these discussions, a general knowledge on LC-MS/MS is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugo Bussy
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, 480 Wilson Road, Room 13, Natural Resources Bldg., East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Ke Li
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, 480 Wilson Road, Room 13, Natural Resources Bldg., East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Weiming Li
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, 480 Wilson Road, Room 13, Natural Resources Bldg., East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
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8
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Núñez M, Borrull F, Pocurull E, Fontanals N. Pressurized liquid extraction followed by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry to determine pharmaceuticals in mussels. J Sep Sci 2016; 39:741-7. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201501046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Revised: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mireia Núñez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Organic Chemistry; Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Tarragona Spain
| | - Francesc Borrull
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Organic Chemistry; Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Tarragona Spain
| | - Eva Pocurull
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Organic Chemistry; Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Tarragona Spain
| | - Núria Fontanals
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Organic Chemistry; Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Tarragona Spain
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9
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Li TX, Chu CS, Zhu JY, Yang TY, Zhang J, Hu YT, Yang XH. A rapid UPLC-MS/MS method for the determination of oleanolic acid in rat plasma and liver tissue: application to plasma and liver pharmacokinetics. Biomed Chromatogr 2015; 30:520-7. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Revised: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tian-xue Li
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Jiangsu Key laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology; College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University; Nanjing 210023 People's Republic of China
- The Center for Drug Research and Development; Lianyungang College of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Jiangsu Province; Lianyungang 222007 People's Republic of China
| | - Chao-sen Chu
- The Center for Drug Research and Development; Lianyungang College of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Jiangsu Province; Lianyungang 222007 People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-yu Zhu
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Jiangsu Key laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology; College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University; Nanjing 210023 People's Republic of China
| | - Tian-yi Yang
- School of Pharmacy; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing 211198 People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Analysis and Test Center; Nanjing Normal University; Nanjing 210023 People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-tao Hu
- The Center for Drug Research and Development; Lianyungang College of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Jiangsu Province; Lianyungang 222007 People's Republic of China
| | - Xing-hao Yang
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Jiangsu Key laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology; College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University; Nanjing 210023 People's Republic of China
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10
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Magiera S, Pardylla A, Baranowska I. Effects of various factors of ultrasonic treatment on the extraction recovery of drugs from fish tissues. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2015; 26:388-398. [PMID: 25794999 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2015.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Revised: 01/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In the present research, a combined extraction method of ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) in conjunction with solid phase extraction (SPE) was applied to isolation and enrichment of selected drugs (metoprolol, ticlopidine, propranolol, carbamazepine, naproxen, acenocumarol, diclofenac, ibuprofen) from fish tissues. The extracted analytes were separated and determined by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with UV detection (UHPLC-UV) technique. The selectivity of the developed UHPLC-UV method was confirmed by comparison with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) analysis. The important parameters, such as composition of type and pH of extraction solvent, solid/liquid rate volume of extraction solvent and number of extraction cycles were studied. The ultrasonic parameters, such as time, power and temperature of the process were optimized by using a half-fraction factorial central composite design (CCD). The mixture of 10 mL of methanol and 7 mL of water (pH 2.2) (three times) was chosen for the extraction of selected drug from fish tissues. The results showed that the highest recoveries of analytes were obtained with an extraction temperature of 40°C, ultrasonic power of 300 W, extraction time of 30 min. Under the optimal conditions, the linearity of method was 0.12-5.00 μg/g. The determination coefficients (R(2)) were from 0.979 to 0.998. The limits of detection (LODs) and limits of quantification (LOQs) for the extracted compounds were 0.04-0.17 μg/g and 0.12-0.50 μg/g, respectively. The recoveries were between 85.5% and 115.8%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Magiera
- Department of Inorganic, Analytical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Silesian University of Technology, 7 M. Strzody Str., 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.
| | - Anna Pardylla
- Department of Inorganic, Analytical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Silesian University of Technology, 7 M. Strzody Str., 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Irena Baranowska
- Department of Inorganic, Analytical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Silesian University of Technology, 7 M. Strzody Str., 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
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11
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Guo B, Wang M, Liu Y, Zhou J, Dai H, Huang Z, Shen L, Zhang Q, Chen B. Wide-Scope Screening of Illegal Adulterants in Dietary and Herbal Supplements via Rapid Polarity-Switching and Multistage Accurate Mass Confirmation Using an LC-IT/TOF Hybrid Instrument. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:6954-6967. [PMID: 26189662 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b02222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A new analytical strategy was developed that integrates a generic sample preparation into a liquid chromatography-multistage ion trap/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-IT(MS(n))/TOF), allowing for large-scale screening and qualitative confirmation of wide-scope illegal adulterants in different food matrices. Samples were pretreated by a fast single-tube multifunction extraction for accurate multistage mass measurement on the hybrid LC-IT/TOF system. A qualitative validation performed for over 500 analyte-matrix pairs showed the method can reduce most of the matrix effects and achieve a lower limit of confirmation at 0.1 mg/kg for 73% of the target compounds. A unique combination of dual-polarity detection, retention time, isotopic profile, and accurate MS(n) spectra enables more comprehensive and precise confirmation, based on the multiparameter matching by automated library searching against the user-created database. Finally, the applicability of this LC-IT(MS(n))/TOF-based screening procedure for discriminating coeluting isobars, identifying nontarget adulterants, and even tentatively elucidating unexpected species in real samples is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Meiling Wang
- §Hunan Academy of Inspection and Quarantine and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Hunan Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau of China, Changsha 410004, China
| | | | | | - Hua Dai
- §Hunan Academy of Inspection and Quarantine and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Hunan Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau of China, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Zhiqiang Huang
- §Hunan Academy of Inspection and Quarantine and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Hunan Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau of China, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Lingling Shen
- #Guangzhou Branch, Shimadzu (China) Co., Limited,7FL,T. P. Plaza, 9/109 Liuhua Road, Guangzhou 510010, China
| | - Qingsheng Zhang
- ΔNational Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 100050, China
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12
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Determination of pharmaceuticals in bivalves using QuEChERS extraction and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2015; 407:3841-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-8617-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Revised: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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13
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Wei J, Luo Y, Zhang L, Fang S. Determination of 15 sedative residues in mutton by rapid resolution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2015; 95:598-606. [PMID: 24948483 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Revised: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of xenobiotic compounds in animal husbandry has given rise to consumer anxieties regarding residual risk and food safety. Thus, animal tissues have become main samples for residue analysis and food safety for sedatives. In this study, a rapid resolution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (RRLC-MS/MS) method was established for the determination of 15 sedatives residues in mutton. RESULTS After enzymolysis, sedatives residues in mutton were extracted by ammonium hydroxide-acetonitrile (10:90, v/v) and determined by RRLC-MS/MS with quantification by standard curve method. The calibration curves showed good linearity within the concentrations of 0.5-50 µg kg(-1) with the correlation coefficients (r(2)) ranged from 0.9639 to 0.9984. The limits of detection (LODs) and quantification (LOQs) were 0.25-2.5 and 0.5-5 µg kg(-1), respectively. The average recoveries of spikes samples were in the ranges of 74.1-116.8% with relative standard deviations of intra- and inter-day ranged from 2.6% to 11.2% and from 2.1% to 11.4%, respectively. CONCLUSION This method is simple, sensitive and accurate in the determination of sedative residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinmei Wei
- Gansu Agricultural University/Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, 730070, Lanzhou, China
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14
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Simultaneous multi-component quantitation of Chinese herbal injection Yin-zhi-huang in rat plasma by using a single-tube extraction procedure for mass spectrometry-based pharmacokinetic measurement. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2014; 967:245-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2014.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Revised: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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15
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Analysis of Pharmaceutical Compounds in Biota. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-62657-8.00006-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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16
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Huang C, Guo B, Wang X, Li J, Zhu W, Chen B, Ouyang S, Yao S. A generic approach for expanding homolog-targeted residue screening of sulfonamides using a fast matrix separation and class-specific fragmentation-dependent acquisition with a hybrid quadrupole-linear ion trap mass spectrometer. Anal Chim Acta 2012; 737:83-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2012.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2012] [Revised: 05/13/2012] [Accepted: 05/19/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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17
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Development of a multi-residue method using acetonitrile-based extraction followed by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry for the analysis of steroids and veterinary and human drugs at trace levels in soil. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1245:122-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2012] [Revised: 05/07/2012] [Accepted: 05/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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18
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Pharmaceuticals in biota in the aquatic environment: analytical methods and environmental implications. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 404:2611-24. [PMID: 22678760 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-6144-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2012] [Revised: 05/15/2012] [Accepted: 05/23/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The presence of pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment is an ever-increasing issue of concern as they are specifically designed to target specific metabolic and molecular pathways in organisms, and they may have the potential for unintended effects on nontarget species. Information on the presence of pharmaceuticals in biota is still scarce, but the scientific literature on the subject has established the possibility of bioaccumulation in exposed aquatic organisms through other environmental compartments. However, few studies have correlated both bioaccumulation of pharmaceutical compounds and the consequent effects. Analytical methodology to detect pharmaceuticals at trace quantities in biota has advanced significantly in the last few years. Nonetheless, there are still unresolved analytical challenges associated with the complexity of biological matrices, which require exhaustive extraction and purification steps, and highly sensitive and selective detection techniques. This review presents the trends in the analysis of pharmaceuticals in aquatic organisms in the last decade, recent data about the occurrence of these compounds in natural biota, and the environmental implications that chronic exposure could have on aquatic wildlife.
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Chen Q, Zhang Y, Zhang W, Chen Z. Identification and quantification of oleanolic acid and ursolic acid in Chinese herbs by liquid chromatography-ion trap mass spectrometry. Biomed Chromatogr 2011; 25:1381-8. [PMID: 21465498 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2010] [Accepted: 01/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A rapid and sensitive method for the identification and quantification of ursolic acid (UA) and oleanolic acid (OA) in Chinese herbs is described. The method combines liquid chromatography (LC) with ion trap-mass spectrometry (IT-MS) detection. The UA and OA standard solution were directly infused into IT-MS for collecting MS(n) spectra. The major fragment ions of UA and OA were confirmed by MS(n) at m/z 455, 407, 391, 377 and 363 in negative ion mode, and m/z 457, 439, 411 and 393 in positive mode, respectively. The possible main cleavage pathway of fragment ions was studied. UA and OA provided good signals corresponding to the deprotonated molecular ion [M - H](-). The method is reliable and reproducible, and the detection limit is 5 ng/mL. The method was validated in the concentration range of 0.04-40 μg/mL; intra- and inter-day precisions ranged from 0.78 to 2.15%, and the accuracy was 96.5-108.2% for UA and OA. The mean recovery of UA and OA was 97.1-106.2% with RSD less than 1.86%. An LC-IT-MS method was successfully applied to determine the UA and OA in nine Chinese herbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinhua Chen
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Wuhan University, 430072, China
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20
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Guo B, Huang Z, Wang M, Wang X, Zhang Y, Chen B, Li Y, Yan H, Yao S. Simultaneous direct analysis of benzimidazole fungicides and relevant metabolites in agricultural products based on multifunction dispersive solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:4796-807. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2010] [Revised: 05/03/2010] [Accepted: 05/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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