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Zhao L, Li L, Liu Z, Wang X, Yang R, Luo Z, Fang X, Luan Y. Aptamer functionalized magnetic hydrophobic polymer with synergetic effect for enhanced adsorption of alternariol from wheat. Food Chem 2024; 435:137556. [PMID: 37774612 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
A new adsorbent based on aptamer functionalized magnetic hydrophobic polymer (MHbPA) was developed for specific and efficient adsorption of alternariol (AOH). Through the synergistic effect of aptamer-AOH affinity and hydrophobic interaction of polymer, enhanced adsorption properties had been realized, in which AOH aptamer was the first selected through capture-SELEX with good specificity and affinity, and the targeting polymer was designed based on the hydrophobicity of AOH to increase the interaction. The proposed MHbPA demonstrated a high adsorption capacity of 187.6 ng/mg for AOH. The adsorption behavior was considered as Langmuir adsorption model and pseudo-secondary kinetic adsorption model. Notably, the adsorption of AOH in wheat powder samples could be accomplished within 10 mins with acceptable recoveries. The as designed adsorbent with synergistic effect provides new insights into the development of enhanced pretreatment materials for mycotoxin monitoring in complex food matrices with specific aptamer and targeting polymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Zhao
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology of BAAFS, Agricultural Product Quality and Safety Risk Assessment Laboratory of the Department of Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Linsen Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Beijing Institute of Food Inspection and Research (Beijing Municipal Center for Food Safety Monitoring and Risk Assessment), Beijing 100085, China
| | - Xinjie Wang
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology of BAAFS, Agricultural Product Quality and Safety Risk Assessment Laboratory of the Department of Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Ruiqi Yang
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology of BAAFS, Agricultural Product Quality and Safety Risk Assessment Laboratory of the Department of Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Zhaofeng Luo
- The Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province for Aptamers and Theranostic;Aptamer Selection Center, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China
| | - Xiaona Fang
- The Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province for Aptamers and Theranostic;Aptamer Selection Center, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China
| | - Yunxia Luan
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology of BAAFS, Agricultural Product Quality and Safety Risk Assessment Laboratory of the Department of Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China.
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Ji C, Sun X, Fang Y, Li P. Determination of Aflatoxin B 1 in Grains by Aptamer Affinity Column Enrichment and Purification Coupled with High Performance Liquid Chromatography Detection. Foods 2024; 13:640. [PMID: 38472753 DOI: 10.3390/foods13050640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a highly teratogenic and carcinogenic secondary metabolite produced by Aspergillus. It is commonly detected in agricultural products such as cereals, peanuts, corn, and feed. Grains have a complex composition. These complex components severely interfere with the effective extraction and separation of AFB1, and also cause problems such as matrix interference and instrument damage, thus posing a great challenge in the accurate analysis of AFB1. In this study, an aptamer affinity column for AFB1 analysis (AFB1-AAC) was prepared for the enrichment and purification of AFB1 from grain samples. AFB1-AAC with an AFB1-specific aptamer as the recognition element exhibited high affinity and specificity for AFB1. Grain samples were enriched and purified by AFB1-AAC, and subsequently analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography with post-column photochemical derivatization-fluorescence detection (HPLC-PCD-FLD). The average recoveries of AFB1 ranged from 88.7% to 99.1%, with relative standard deviations (RSDs) of 1.4-5.6% (n = 3) at the spiked levels of 5.0-20.0 μg kg-1. The limit of detection (LOD) for AFB1 (0.02 μg kg-1) was much below the maximum residue limits (MRLs) for AFB1. This novel method can be applied to the determination of AFB1 residues in peanut, corn, and rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Ji
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xinyang Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yong Fang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Peng Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, China
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Munjanja BK, Nomngongo PN, Mketo N. Mycotoxins in Vegetable Oils: A Review of Recent Developments, Current Challenges and Future Perspectives in Sample Preparation, Chromatographic Determination, and Analysis of Real Samples. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2023; 55:316-329. [PMID: 38133964 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2023.2286642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Mycotoxins are toxic compounds that are formed as secondary metabolites by some fungal species that contaminate crops during pre- and postharvest stages. Exposure to mycotoxins can lead to adverse health effects in humans, such as carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, and teratogenicity. Hence, there is a need to develop analytical methods for their determination in vegetable oils that possess high sensitivity and selectivity. In the current review (116 references), the recent developments, current challenges, and perspectives in sample preparation techniques and chromatographic determination are summarized. It is impressive that current sample preparation techniques such as dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME), quick, easy, cheap, rugged, and safe method (QuEChERS) and solid phase extraction (SPE) have exhibited high extraction recoveries and minimal matrix effects. However, a few studies have reported signal suppression or enhancement. Regarding chromatographic techniques, high sensitivity and selectivity have been reported by liquid chromatography coupled to fluorescence detection, tandem mass spectrometry, or high-resolution mass spectrometry. Furthermore, current challenges and perspectives in this field are tentatively proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basil K Munjanja
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Africa, Roodepoort, South Africa
| | - Philiswa N Nomngongo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Nomvano Mketo
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Africa, Roodepoort, South Africa
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Wang Y, Zhang C, Wang J, Knopp D. Recent Progress in Rapid Determination of Mycotoxins Based on Emerging Biorecognition Molecules: A Review. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:73. [PMID: 35202100 PMCID: PMC8874725 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14020073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by fungal species, which pose significant risk to humans and livestock. The mycotoxins which are produced from Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Fusarium are considered most important and therefore regulated in food- and feedstuffs. Analyses are predominantly performed by official laboratory methods in centralized labs by expert technicians. There is an urgent demand for new low-cost, easy-to-use, and portable analytical devices for rapid on-site determination. Most significant advances were realized in the field bioanalytical techniques based on molecular recognition. This review aims to discuss recent progress in the generation of native biomolecules and new bioinspired materials towards mycotoxins for the development of reliable bioreceptor-based analytical methods. After brief presentation of basic knowledge regarding characteristics of most important mycotoxins, the generation, benefits, and limitations of present and emerging biorecognition molecules, such as polyclonal (pAb), monoclonal (mAb), recombinant antibodies (rAb), aptamers, short peptides, and molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs), are discussed. Hereinafter, the use of binders in different areas of application, including sample preparation, microplate- and tube-based assays, lateral flow devices, and biosensors, is highlighted. Special focus, on a global scale, is placed on commercial availability of single receptor molecules, test-kits, and biosensor platforms using multiplexed bead-based suspension assays and planar biochip arrays. Future outlook is given with special emphasis on new challenges, such as increasing use of rAb based on synthetic and naïve antibody libraries to renounce animal immunization, multiple-analyte test-kits and high-throughput multiplexing, and determination of masked mycotoxins, including stereoisomeric degradation products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanru Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (Y.W.); (C.Z.)
| | - Cui Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (Y.W.); (C.Z.)
| | - Jianlong Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (Y.W.); (C.Z.)
| | - Dietmar Knopp
- Chair for Analytical Chemistry and Water Chemistry, Institute of Hydrochemistry, Technische Universitat München, Elisabeth-Winterhalter-Weg 6, D-81377 München, Germany
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Mukunzi D, Habimana JDD, Li Z, Zou X. Mycotoxins detection: view in the lens of molecularly imprinted polymer and nanoparticles. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:6034-6068. [PMID: 35048762 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2027338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are tailor-made functional composites which selectively recognize and bind the target molecule of interest. MIP composites are products of the massively cross-linked polymer matrices, generated via polymerization, with bio-inspired recognition cavities that are morphologically similar in size, shape and spatial patterns to the target conformation. These features have enabled researchers to expand the field of molecular recognition, more specifically for target with peculiar requirements. Nevertheless, MIPs alone are characterized with weak sensitivity. Besides, nanoparticles (NPs) are remarkably sensitive but also suffer from poor selectivity. Intriguingly, the combination of the two results in a highly sensitive and selective MIP composite. For instance, the conjugation of different functional NPs with MIPs can generate new flexible target capture tools, either a dynamic sensor or a novel drug delivery system. In this regard, although the technology is considered an established and feasible approach, it is still perceived as a burgeoning technology for various fields, which makes it unceasingly worthy reviewing. Therefore, in this review, we attempt to give an update on various custom-made biosensors based on MIPs in combination with various NPs for the detection of mycotoxins, the toxic secondary metabolites of fungi. We first summarize the classification, prevalence, and toxicological characteristics of common mycotoxins. Next, we provide an overview of MIP composites and their characterization, and then segment the role of NPs with respect to common types of MIP-based sensors. At last, conclusions and outlook are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Mukunzi
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jean de Dieu Habimana
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaobo Zou
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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Kang X, Deng L, Quan T, Gao M, Zhang K, Xia Z, Gao D. Selective extraction of quinolizidine alkaloids from Sophora flavescens Aiton root using tailor-made deep eutectic solvents and magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.118282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Li X, Ma W, Ma Z, Zhang Q, Li H. Recent progress in determination of ochratoxin a in foods by chromatographic and mass spectrometry methods. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:5444-5461. [PMID: 33583259 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1885340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Ochratoxin A is a highly toxic mycotoxin and has posed great threat to human health. Due to its serious toxicity and wide contamination, great efforts have been made to develop reliable determination methods. In this review, analytical methods are comprehensively summarized in terms of sample preparation strategy and instrumental analysis. Detailed method is described according to the food commodities in the order of cereal, wine, coffee, beer, cocoa, dried fruit and spice. This review mainly focuses on the recent advances, especially reported in the last decade. At last, challenges and perspectives are also discussed to achieve better advancement and promote practical application in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianjiang Li
- Food Safety Laboratory, Division of Metrology in Chemistry, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyong Ma
- Beijing State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Qinghe Zhang
- Food Safety Laboratory, Division of Metrology in Chemistry, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, China
| | - Hongmei Li
- Food Safety Laboratory, Division of Metrology in Chemistry, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, China
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Chi J, Zhu D, Chen Y, Huang G, Lin X. Online specific recognition of mycotoxins using aptamer-grafted ionic affinity monolith with mixed-mode mechanism. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1639:461930. [PMID: 33556780 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.461930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Herein, a facile and practical aptamer-grafted ionic affinity monolith with mixed-mode mechanism was explored as a versatile platform for online specific recognition of polar and non-polar mycotoxins. The mixed-mode mechanism including molecular affinity adsorption (between aptamers and targets), hydrophilic interaction and ionic interaction (between stationary phase and targets) were adopted and provided a better flexibility in adjusting separation selectivity to reduce nonspecific adsorption with respect to the single mode. Preparation and characterization of aptamer-based affinity monoliths were investigated, The characterization of pore size distribution, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area and the specificity and cross-reaction were also evaluated. As a result, the hydrophilic nature and negative charge on affinity monolith were obtained. Multiple interactions including aptamer affinity binding, hydrophilic interaction (HI) and ion exchange (IE) could be adopted for online selective extraction. Specific recognitions of polar ochratoxin A (OTA), non-polar zearalenone (ZEN) and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) was fulfilled with LODs as 0.03, 0.05 and 0.05 μg/L, respectively. Applied to real cereals, good recoveries of the fortified OTA, AFB1 and ZEN were achieved as 92.6 ± 1.3% ~ 95.6 ± 1.3% (n=3), 93.9 ± 2.3% ~ 98.2 ± 3.4% (n=3) and 92.7 ± 2.0% ~ 96.9 ± 3.5% (n=3) in corn, wheat and rice, respectively. The results displayed that Apt-MCs with hydrophilic and ionic interaction mixed-mode mechanism were efficient enough and competent for the online recognition of mycotoxins in cereals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxin Chi
- Institute of analytical technology and smart instruments, Xiamen Huaxia University, Xiamen, 361024, China
| | - Dandan Zhu
- Institute of Food Safety and Environment Monitoring, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Yiqiong Chen
- Institute of Food Safety and Environment Monitoring, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Guihua Huang
- Institute of analytical technology and smart instruments, Xiamen Huaxia University, Xiamen, 361024, China..
| | - Xucong Lin
- Institute of Food Safety and Environment Monitoring, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China..
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Martinez L, He L. Detection of Mycotoxins in Food Using Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy: A Review. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:295-310. [PMID: 35014285 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c01349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Mycotoxins are toxic metabolites produced by fungi that contaminate many important crops worldwide. Humans are commonly exposed to mycotoxins through the consumption of contaminated food products. Mycotoxin contamination is unpredictable and unavoidable; it occurs at any point in the food production system under favorable conditions, and they cannot be destroyed by common heat treatments, because of their high thermal stability. Early and fast detection plays an essential role in this unique challenge to monitor the presence of these compounds in the food chain. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is an advanced spectroscopic technique that integrates Raman spectroscopic molecular fingerprinting and enhanced sensitivity based on nanotechnology to meet the requirement of sensitivity and selectivity, but that can also be performed in a cost-effective and straightforward manner. This Review focuses on the SERS methodologies applied to date for qualitative and quantitative analysis of mycotoxins based on a variety of SERS substrates, as well as our perspectives on current limitations and future trends for applying this technique to mycotoxin analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lourdes Martinez
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts United States
| | - Lili He
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts United States
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Delaunay N, Combès A, Pichon V. Immunoaffinity Extraction and Alternative Approaches for the Analysis of Toxins in Environmental, Food or Biological Matrices. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12120795. [PMID: 33322240 PMCID: PMC7764248 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12120795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The evolution of instrumentation in terms of separation and detection allowed a real improvement of the sensitivity and analysis time. However, the analysis of ultra-traces of toxins in complex samples requires often a step of purification and even preconcentration before their chromatographic analysis. Therefore, immunoaffinity sorbents based on specific antibodies thus providing a molecular recognition mechanism appear as powerful tools for the selective extraction of a target molecule and its structural analogs to obtain more reliable and sensitive quantitative analysis in environmental, food or biological matrices. This review focuses on immunosorbents that have proven their efficiency in selectively extracting various types of toxins of various sizes (from small mycotoxins to large proteins) and physicochemical properties. Immunosorbents are now commercially available, and their use has been validated for numerous applications. The wide variety of samples to be analyzed, as well as extraction conditions and their impact on extraction yields, is discussed. In addition, their potential for purification and thus suppression of matrix effects, responsible for quantification problems especially in mass spectrometry, is presented. Due to their similar properties, molecularly imprinted polymers and aptamer-based sorbents that appear to be an interesting alternative to antibodies are also briefly addressed by comparing their potential with that of immunosorbents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Delaunay
- Department of Analytical, Bioanalytical Sciences and Miniaturization (LSABM), CBI ESPCI Paris, PSL University, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France; (N.D.); (A.C.)
| | - Audrey Combès
- Department of Analytical, Bioanalytical Sciences and Miniaturization (LSABM), CBI ESPCI Paris, PSL University, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France; (N.D.); (A.C.)
| | - Valérie Pichon
- Department of Analytical, Bioanalytical Sciences and Miniaturization (LSABM), CBI ESPCI Paris, PSL University, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France; (N.D.); (A.C.)
- Department of Chemistry, Sorbonne University, 75005 Paris, France
- Correspondence:
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11
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Separation and quantification of aflatoxins in grains using modified dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction combined with high-performance liquid chromatography. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-019-00342-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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12
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Xue Z, Zhang Y, Yu W, Zhang J, Wang J, Wan F, Kim Y, Liu Y, Kou X. Recent advances in aflatoxin B1 detection based on nanotechnology and nanomaterials-A review. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1069:1-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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13
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Regan B, Boyle F, O'Kennedy R, Collins D. Evaluation of Molecularly Imprinted Polymers for Point-of-Care Testing for Cardiovascular Disease. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 19:E3485. [PMID: 31395843 PMCID: PMC6720456 DOI: 10.3390/s19163485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Molecular imprinting is a rapidly growing area of interest involving the synthesis of artificial recognition elements that enable the separation of analyte from a sample matrix and its determination. Traditionally, this approach can be successfully applied to small analyte (<1.5 kDa) separation/ extraction, but, more recently it is finding utility in biomimetic sensors. These sensors consist of a recognition element and a transducer similar to their biosensor counterparts, however, the fundamental distinction is that biomimetic sensors employ an artificial recognition element. Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) employed as the recognition elements in biomimetic sensors contain binding sites complementary in shape and functionality to their target analyte. Despite the growing interest in molecularly imprinting techniques, the commercial adoption of this technology is yet to be widely realised for blood sample analysis. This review aims to assess the applicability of this technology for the point-of-care testing (POCT) of cardiovascular disease-related biomarkers. More specifically, molecular imprinting is critically evaluated with respect to the detection of cardiac biomarkers indicative of acute coronary syndrome (ACS), such as the cardiac troponins (cTns). The challenges associated with the synthesis of MIPs for protein detection are outlined, in addition to enhancement techniques that ultimately improve the analytical performance of biomimetic sensors. The mechanism of detection employed to convert the analyte concentration into a measurable signal in biomimetic sensors will be discussed. Furthermore, the analytical performance of these sensors will be compared with biosensors and their potential implementation within clinical settings will be considered. In addition, the most suitable application of these sensors for cardiovascular assessment will be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Regan
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland.
| | - Fiona Boyle
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Richard O'Kennedy
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
- Research Complex, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - David Collins
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
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14
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Arak H, Karimi Torshizi MA, Hedayati M, Rahimi S. Comparative evaluation of aflatoxin and mineral binding activity of molecular imprinted polymer designed for dummy template using in vitro and in vivo models. Toxicon 2019; 166:66-75. [PMID: 31125619 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2019.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The amelioration of aflatoxicosis in ducklings was examined by feeding molecular imprinted polymer (MIP) synthesized to target the aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) analog molecule [5, 7-dimethoxycoumarin (DMC)] as a smart and novel toxin binder in comparison to a commercial toxin binder (CTB). MIP was characterized with some techniques, such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) that showed morphology and thermal resistance of MIP, respectively. The SEM showed that more pores and big cavities were formed in the network of the MIP. TGA plots of MIP showed dehydration at temperatures of about 31 °C-200 °C and gradual decomposition until 300 °C. The in vitro and in vivo ability of MIP and CTB to adsorb some minerals (Ca, Cu, Mg, P and Zn) was evaluated. The in vivo efficacy of MIP as an aflatoxins (AFs) binder in duckling exposed to aflatoxin-contaminated feed from 4 to 18 d of age was also compared to that of the CTB. A total of 240 4-d-old ducklings were assigned to experimental diets. Each diet was replicated four times with 10 birds in each pen, and the initial body weight classes were considered as blocks. The experimental treatment diets included: 1- Control (basal diet without any additive or AFs), 2- MIP (5 g/kg diet), 3- CTB (5 g/kg diet), 4- AFs (0.2 mg/kg diet), 5- AFs + MIP (0.2 mg/kg + 5 g/kg diet), and 6- AFs + CTB (0.2 mg/kg + 5 g/kg diet). In vitro study may clearly reflect the possibility of adsorbing minerals by CTB as compared to MIP whilst the results were not confirmed by in vivo study and it seems that reduction in plasma levels of minerals is related to the adverse effects of AFs. Livers showed histopathological alterations, with bile-duct proliferation of all aflatoxin fed ducklings. Macroscopic study indicated liver of birds fed diets containing AFs showed abnormal signs including yellowish, friable and rounded shape without protective effect of MIP and CTB. The results obtained from in vivo study indicate the partial alleviation of the adverse effects of AFs in ducklings by dietary supplementation of MIP and CTB (5 g/kg) on plasma albumin, Zn, Mg and Ca.
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Affiliation(s)
- Homa Arak
- Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, 14115-336, Iran
| | | | - Mehdi Hedayati
- Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1985717413, Iran
| | - Shaban Rahimi
- Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, 14115-336, Iran
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Nolan P, Auer S, Spehar A, Elliott CT, Campbell K. Current trends in rapid tests for mycotoxins. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2019; 36:800-814. [PMID: 30943116 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2019.1595171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
There are an ample number of commercial testing kits available for mycotoxin analysis on the market today, including enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, membrane-based immunoassays, fluorescence polarisation immunoassays and fluorometric assays. It can be observed from the literature that not only are developments and improvements ongoing for these assays but there are also novel assays being developed using biosensor technology. This review focuses on both the currently available methods and recent innovative methods for mycotoxin testing. Furthermore, it highlights trends that are influencing assay developments such as multiplexing capabilities and rapid on-site analysis, indicating the possible detection methods that will shape the future market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philana Nolan
- a Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences , Queen's University Belfast , Belfast , UK
| | | | | | - Christopher T Elliott
- a Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences , Queen's University Belfast , Belfast , UK
| | - Katrina Campbell
- a Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences , Queen's University Belfast , Belfast , UK
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16
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Wang P, Sun X, Su X, Wang T. Advancements of molecularly imprinted polymers in the food safety field. Analyst 2018; 141:3540-53. [PMID: 26937495 DOI: 10.1039/c5an01993a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Molecularly imprinted technology (MIT) has been widely employed to produce stable, robust and cheap molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) materials that possess selective binding sites for recognition of target analytes in food, such as pesticides, veterinary drugs, mycotoxins, illegal drugs and so on. Because of high selectivity and specificity, MIPs have drawn great attention in the food safety field. In this review, the recent developments of MIPs in various applications for food safety, including sample preparation, chromatographic separation, sensing, immunoassay etc., have been summarized. We particularly discuss the advancements and limitations in these applications, as well as attempts carried out for their improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peilong Wang
- Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agriculture Products, China Agricultural Academy of Science, Beijing 100081, P.R. China.
| | - Xiaohua Sun
- Institute of Chemistry, China Academy of Science, Beijing 100190, P.R. China and Institute of New Energy, State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China
| | - Xiaoou Su
- Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agriculture Products, China Agricultural Academy of Science, Beijing 100081, P.R. China.
| | - Tie Wang
- Institute of Chemistry, China Academy of Science, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
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17
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Armutcu C, Uzun L, Denizli A. Determination of Ochratoxin A traces in foodstuffs: Comparison of an automated on-line two-dimensional high-performance liquid chromatography and off-line immunoaffinity-high-performance liquid chromatography system. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1569:139-148. [PMID: 30054130 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.07.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Automated on-line two-dimensional high-performance liquid chromatography method (2D-HPLC) is proposed to determine Ochratoxin A (OTA) in food samples as an alternative to OTA immunoaffinity column (IAC). An on-line 2D-HPLC system is designed for the analysis of OTA using an affinity-based monolithic column in the first dimension and reversed-phase C18 column in the second dimension. Initially, optimal OTA separation efficiency is determined through traditional HPLC system consisting of a P(HEMAPA) monolithic column coupled with HPLC system. Secondly, after providing optimum conditions, OTA determination was investigated through the 2D-HPLC system. According to results, 2D-HPLC system showed good linearity in the range 0.5 to 20 ng/mL with limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) values of 21.2 pg/mL and 64.3 pg/mL, respectively. The P(HEMAPA)-4 monolithic column displayed good recovery of OTA ranging from 104.34% to 107.33%. Relative standard deviations (RSD) varied in the range 0.21% to 1.31% thus indicating the efficiency of P(HEMAPA)-4 monolithic column developed for OTA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Canan Armutcu
- Hacettepe University, Department of Chemistry, Beytepe, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Lokman Uzun
- Hacettepe University, Department of Chemistry, Beytepe, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Adil Denizli
- Hacettepe University, Department of Chemistry, Beytepe, Ankara, Turkey.
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18
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Zhong M, Wang YH, Wang L, Long RQ, Chen CL. Preparation and application of magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers for the isolation of chelerythrine from Macleaya cordata. J Sep Sci 2018; 41:3318-3327. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201800245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Hunan Institute of Science and Technology; Yueyang Hunan P. R. China
| | - Yan-Hong Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Hunan Institute of Science and Technology; Yueyang Hunan P. R. China
| | - Lu Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Hunan Institute of Science and Technology; Yueyang Hunan P. R. China
| | - Rui-Qing Long
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Hunan Institute of Science and Technology; Yueyang Hunan P. R. China
| | - Chun-Lin Chen
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Ningbo P. R. China
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19
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Poly (methacrylic acid-co-diethenyl-benzene) monolithic microextraction column and its application to simultaneous enrichment and analysis of mycotoxins. Talanta 2018; 178:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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20
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Huertas-Pérez JF, Arroyo-Manzanares N, García-Campaña AM, Gámiz-Gracia L. Solid phase extraction as sample treatment for the determination of Ochratoxin A in foods: A review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2018; 57:3405-3420. [PMID: 26744990 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2015.1126548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a mycotoxin produced by two main types of fungi, Aspergillus and Penicillium species. OTA is a natural contaminant found in a large number of different matrices and is considered as a possible carcinogen for humans. Hence, low maximum permitted levels in foods have been established by competent authorities around the world, making essential the use of very sensitive analytical methods for OTA detection. Sample treatment is a crucial step of analytical methodology to get clean and concentrated extracts, and therefore low limits of quantification. Solid phase extraction (SPE) is a useful technique for rapid and selective sample preparation. This sample treatment enables the concentration and purification of analytes from the sample solution or extract by sorption on a solid sorbent. This review is focused on sample treatment procedures based on SPE prior to the determination of OTA in food matrices, published from 2010.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Fernando Huertas-Pérez
- a Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences , University of Granada , Campus Fuentenueva s/n, Granada , Spain
| | - Natalia Arroyo-Manzanares
- a Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences , University of Granada , Campus Fuentenueva s/n, Granada , Spain
| | - Ana M García-Campaña
- a Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences , University of Granada , Campus Fuentenueva s/n, Granada , Spain
| | - Laura Gámiz-Gracia
- a Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences , University of Granada , Campus Fuentenueva s/n, Granada , Spain
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21
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Liu H, Luan Y, Lu A, Li B, Yang M, Wang J. An oligosorbent-based aptamer affinity column for selective extraction of aflatoxin B2 prior to HPLC with fluorometric detection. Mikrochim Acta 2017; 185:71. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-017-2591-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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22
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Wan H, Zhang B, Bai XL, Zhao Y, Xiao MW, Liao X. Extraction of ochratoxin A in red wine with dopamine-coated magnetic multi-walled carbon nanotubes. J Sep Sci 2017; 40:4022-4031. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201700697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Wan
- Chengdu Institute of Biology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chengdu China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Chengdu Institute of Biology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chengdu China
- Shanghai Institute of Technology; Shanghai China
| | - Xiao-Lin Bai
- Chengdu Institute of Biology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chengdu China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Chengdu Institute of Biology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chengdu China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
| | - Meng-Wei Xiao
- Chengdu Institute of Biology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chengdu China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
| | - Xun Liao
- Chengdu Institute of Biology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chengdu China
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23
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Ma W, Tang B, Row KH. Exploration of a ternary deep eutectic solvent of methyltriphenylphosphonium bromide/chalcone/formic acid for the selective recognition of rutin and quercetin in Herba Artemisiae Scopariae. J Sep Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201700505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wanwan Ma
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Inha University; Incheon Korea
| | - Baokun Tang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Inha University; Incheon Korea
| | - Kyung Ho Row
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Inha University; Incheon Korea
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24
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Asadi M. Syringe-to-syringe dispersive liquid-phase microextraction solidified floating organic drop combined with high-performance liquid chromatography for the separation and quantification of ochratoxin A in food samples. J Sep Sci 2017; 40:3094-3099. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201700307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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25
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Multiclonal plastic antibodies for selective aflatoxin extraction from food samples. Food Chem 2017; 221:829-837. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.11.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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26
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Patiño-Ropero MJ, Díaz-Álvarez M, Martín-Esteban A. Molecularly imprinted core-shell magnetic nanoparticles for selective extraction of triazines in soils. J Mol Recognit 2016; 30. [DOI: 10.1002/jmr.2593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Revised: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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27
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Selective tools for the solid-phase extraction of Ochratoxin A from various complex samples: immunosorbents, oligosorbents, and molecularly imprinted polymers. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 408:6983-99. [PMID: 27585915 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-9886-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The evolution of instrumentation in terms of separation and detection has allowed a real improvement of the sensitivity and the analysis time. However, the analysis of ultra-traces of toxins such as ochratoxin A (OTA) from complex samples (foodstuffs, biological fluids…) still requires a step of purification and of preconcentration before chromatographic determination. In this context, extraction sorbents leading to a molecular recognition mechanism appear as powerful tools for the selective extraction of OTA and of its structural analogs in order to obtain more reliable and sensitive quantitative analyses of these compounds in complex media. Indeed, immunosorbents and oligosorbents that are based on the use of immobilized antibodies and of aptamers, respectively, and that are specific to OTA allow its selective clean-up from complex samples with high enrichment factors. Similar molecular recognition mechanisms can also be obtained by developing molecularly imprinted polymers, the synthesis of which leads to the formation of cavities that are specific to OTA, thus mimicking the recognition site of the biomolecules. Therefore, the principle, the advantages, the limits of these different types of extraction tools, and their complementary behaviors will be presented. The introduction of these selective tools in miniaturized devices will also be discussed.
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28
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Nestora S, Merlier F, Prost E, Haupt K, Rossi C, Tse Sum Bui B. Solid-phase extraction of betanin and isobetanin from beetroot extracts using a dipicolinic acid molecularly imprinted polymer. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1465:47-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.08.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2016] [Revised: 08/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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29
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Determination of type A trichothecenes in coix seed by magnetic solid-phase extraction based on magnetic multi-walled carbon nanotubes coupled with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 408:6823-31. [PMID: 27475443 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-9809-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic solid-phase extraction (m-SPE) is a promising sample preparation approach due to its convenience, speed, and simplicity. For the first time, a rapid and reliable m-SPE approach using magnetic multi-walled carbon nanotubes (m-MWCNTs) as the adsorbent was proposed for purification of type A trichothecenes including T-2 toxins (T2), HT-2 toxins (HT-2), diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS), and neosolaniol (NEO) in coix seed. The m-MWCNTs were synthesized by assembling the magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4) with MWCNTs by sonication through an aggregation wrap mechanism, and characterized by transmission electron microscope. Several key parameters affecting the performance of the procedure were extensively investigated including extraction solutions, desorption solvents, and m-MWCNT amounts. Under the optimal sample preparation conditions followed by analysis with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS), high sensitivity (limit of quantification in the range of 0.3-1.5 μg kg(-1)), good linearity (R (2) > 0.99), satisfactory recovery (73.6-90.6 %), and acceptable precision (≤2.5 %) were obtained. The analytical performance of the developed method has also been successfully evaluated in real coix seed samples. Graphical Abstract Flow chart of determination of type A trichothecenes in coix seed by magnetic solid-phase extraction coupled with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.
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30
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Bazin I, Tria SA, Hayat A, Marty JL. New biorecognition molecules in biosensors for the detection of toxins. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 87:285-298. [PMID: 27568847 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.06.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Biological and synthetic recognition elements are at the heart of the majority of modern bioreceptor assays. Traditionally, enzymes and antibodies have been integrated in the biosensor designs as a popular choice for the detection of toxin molecules. But since 1970s, alternative biological and synthetic binders have been emerged as a promising alternative to conventional biorecognition elements in detection systems for laboratory and field-based applications. Recent research has witnessed immense interest in the use of recombinant enzymatic methodologies and nanozymes to circumvent the drawbacks associated with natural enzymes. In the area of antibody production, technologies based on the modification of in vivo synthesized materials and in vitro approaches with development of "display "systems have been introduced in the recent years. Subsequently, molecularly-imprinted polymers and Peptide nucleic acid (PNAs) were developed as an attractive receptor with applications in the area of sample preparation and detection systems. In this article, we discuss all alternatives to conventional biomolecules employed in the detection of various toxin molecules We review recent developments in modified enzymes, nanozymes, nanobodies, aptamers, peptides, protein scaffolds and DNazymes. With the advent of nanostructures and new interface materials, these recognition elements will be major players in future biosensor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Bazin
- École des Mines d'Alès, 6 Avenuede Clavières, 30100 Alès Cedex, France.
| | - Scherrine A Tria
- École des Mines d'Alès, 6 Avenuede Clavières, 30100 Alès Cedex, France
| | - Akhtar Hayat
- BAE (Biocapteurs-Analyses-Environnement), Universite de Perpignan Via Domitia, 52 Avenue Paul Alduy, Perpignan Cedex 66860, France; Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Biomedical Materials (IRCBM), COMSATS Institute of Information Technology (CIIT), Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Jean-Louis Marty
- BAE (Biocapteurs-Analyses-Environnement), Universite de Perpignan Via Domitia, 52 Avenue Paul Alduy, Perpignan Cedex 66860, France
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31
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Ayadi H, Mekhalif T, Salmi Z, Carbonnier B, Djazi F, Chehimi MM. Molecularly imprinted PVC beads for the recognition of proteins. J Appl Polym Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/app.43694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Ayadi
- Département de Chimie; Université des Frères Mentouri; Route Ain El-Bey Constantine 25000 Algeria
- Laboratoire de Recherche sur la Physicochimie des Surfaces et Interfaces, Université 20 Août 1955; Skikda 21000 Algeria
| | - Tahar Mekhalif
- Laboratoire de Recherche sur la Physicochimie des Surfaces et Interfaces, Université 20 Août 1955; Skikda 21000 Algeria
| | - Zakaria Salmi
- Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, ITODYS; UMR CNRS 7086, 15 rue J-A de Baïf Paris 75013 France
| | | | - Fayçal Djazi
- Laboratoire de Recherche sur la Physicochimie des Surfaces et Interfaces, Université 20 Août 1955; Skikda 21000 Algeria
| | - Mohamed M. Chehimi
- Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, ITODYS; UMR CNRS 7086, 15 rue J-A de Baïf Paris 75013 France
- Université Paris Est, UMR 7182 CNRS, UPEC; Thiais 94320 France
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32
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Microfabricated biosensor for the simultaneous amperometric and luminescence detection and monitoring of Ochratoxin A. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 79:835-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2015] [Revised: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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33
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Turner NW, Bramhmbhatt H, Szabo-Vezse M, Poma A, Coker R, Piletsky SA. Analytical methods for determination of mycotoxins: An update (2009-2014). Anal Chim Acta 2015; 901:12-33. [PMID: 26614054 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2015.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Revised: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Mycotoxins are a problematic and toxic group of small organic molecules that are produced as secondary metabolites by several fungal species that colonise crops. They lead to contamination at both the field and postharvest stages of food production with a considerable range of foodstuffs affected, from coffee and cereals, to dried fruit and spices. With wide ranging structural diversity of mycotoxins, severe toxic effects caused by these molecules and their high chemical stability the requirement for robust and effective detection methods is clear. This paper builds on our previous review and summarises the most recent advances in this field, in the years 2009-2014 inclusive. This review summarises traditional methods such as chromatographic and immunochemical techniques, as well as newer approaches such as biosensors, and optical techniques which are becoming more prevalent. A section on sampling and sample treatment has been prepared to highlight the importance of this step in the analytical methods. We close with a look at emerging technologies that will bring effective and rapid analysis out of the laboratory and into the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas W Turner
- Department of Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, UK.
| | - Heli Bramhmbhatt
- Department of Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, UK
| | - Monika Szabo-Vezse
- Department of Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, UK; Toximet Ltd., ToxiMet Limited, 130 Abbott Drive, Kent Science Park, Sittingbourne, Kent, ME9 8AZ, UK
| | - Alessandro Poma
- Department of Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, UK; Department of Chemistry, University College London, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Raymond Coker
- Toximet Ltd., ToxiMet Limited, 130 Abbott Drive, Kent Science Park, Sittingbourne, Kent, ME9 8AZ, UK
| | - Sergey A Piletsky
- Department of Chemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
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Man-Made Synthetic Receptors for Capture and Analysis of Ochratoxin A. Toxins (Basel) 2015; 7:4083-98. [PMID: 26473924 PMCID: PMC4626722 DOI: 10.3390/toxins7104083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Contemporary analytical methods have the sensitivity required for Ochratoxin A detection and quantification, but direct application of these methods on real samples can be rarely performed because of matrix complexity. Thus, efficient sample pre-treatment methods are needed. Recent years have seen the increasing use of artificial recognition systems as a viable alternative to natural receptors, because these materials seem to be particularly suitable for applications where selectivity for Ochratoxin A is essential. In this review, molecularly imprinted polymers, aptamers and tailor-made peptides for Ochratoxin A capture and analysis with particular attention to solid phase extraction applications will be discussed.
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35
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Sun GY, Zhong DD, Li XJ, Luo YQ, Ba H, Liu ZS, Aisa HA. Effect of minimizing amount of template by addition of macromolecular crowding agent on preparation of molecularly imprinted monolith. Anal Bioanal Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-8902-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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36
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Soleri R, Demey H, Tria S, Guiseppi-Elie A, IBN Had Hassine A, Gonzalez C, Bazin I. Peptide conjugated chitosan foam as a novel approach for capture-purification and rapid detection of hapten – Example of ochratoxin A. Biosens Bioelectron 2015; 67:634-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2014.09.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Revised: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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37
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Wei S, Liu Y, Yan Z, Liu L. Molecularly imprinted solid phase extraction coupled to high performance liquid chromatography for determination of aflatoxin M1 and B1 in foods and feeds. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra16784h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecularly imprinted solid phase extraction for determination of aflatoxin M1 and B1 in foods and feeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoulian Wei
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Zhaoqing University
- Zhaoqing 526061
- P. R. China
| | - Yong Liu
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Zhaoqing University
- Zhaoqing 526061
- P. R. China
| | - Zijun Yan
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Zhaoqing University
- Zhaoqing 526061
- P. R. China
| | - Ling Liu
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Zhaoqing University
- Zhaoqing 526061
- P. R. China
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38
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Xie L, Sheng P, Kong W, Zhao X, Ou-Yang Z, Yang M. Solid-phase extraction using molecularly imprinted polymer for determination of ochratoxin A in human urine. WORLD MYCOTOXIN J 2015. [DOI: 10.3920/wmj2013.1633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A rapid, selective and reliable sample preparation technique employing solid-phase extraction (SPE) based on molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) for the determination of ochratoxin A (OTA) in human urine was described. After sample adjustment to pH 2.5 with 0.1 M HCl, the urine sample was loaded onto the MIP-SPE column, and after a wash step, OTA was eluted for measurement by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with fluorescence detection. Key parameters which affected the MIP-SPE extraction efficiency were optimized as was the detection method. Under the optimised conditions, the limits of detection and quantification for OTA in urine were 0.2 ng/ml and 0.6 ng/ml, respectively. The recoveries for OTA in urine, spiked at the 0.6, 6.0 and 60 ng/ml levels, ranged from 92.0 to 98.9%. Sixty urine samples were analysed, of which four were found to contain OTA at concentrations ranging from 0.022 to 0.083 ng/ml; the positive results were confirmed by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. OTA determination in urine is a good indicator for human exposure to the mycotoxin, and this is the first report on OTA contamination in Chinese people.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Xie
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Malianwa North Road 151, Beijing 100193, China P.R
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China P.R
| | - P. Sheng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China P.R
| | - W. Kong
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Malianwa North Road 151, Beijing 100193, China P.R
| | - X. Zhao
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Malianwa North Road 151, Beijing 100193, China P.R
- Chinese Academy of Medicinal Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Hainan Branch Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Wanning 571533, China P.R
| | - Z. Ou-Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China P.R
| | - M. Yang
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Malianwa North Road 151, Beijing 100193, China P.R
- Chinese Academy of Medicinal Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Hainan Branch Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Wanning 571533, China P.R
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Gao B, Guan P, Hu X, Qian L, Wang Q, Yang L, Wang D. The performance optimization and specific adsorption of L-phenylalanine imprinted polymers using 1-vinyl-3-carboxymethylimidazolium chloride as functional monomer. Des Monomers Polym 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/15685551.2014.971398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Gao
- The Key Laboratory of Space Applied Physics and Chemistry, School of Natural and Applied Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Ping Guan
- The Key Laboratory of Space Applied Physics and Chemistry, School of Natural and Applied Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Xiaoling Hu
- The Key Laboratory of Space Applied Physics and Chemistry, School of Natural and Applied Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Liwei Qian
- The Key Laboratory of Space Applied Physics and Chemistry, School of Natural and Applied Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Qiaoli Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Space Applied Physics and Chemistry, School of Natural and Applied Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Longfei Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Space Applied Physics and Chemistry, School of Natural and Applied Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Dan Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Space Applied Physics and Chemistry, School of Natural and Applied Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
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Whitcombe MJ, Kirsch N, Nicholls IA. Molecular imprinting science and technology: a survey of the literature for the years 2004-2011. J Mol Recognit 2014; 27:297-401. [PMID: 24700625 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.2347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 275] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Revised: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 12/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we present a survey of the literature covering the development of molecular imprinting science and technology over the years 2004-2011. In total, 3779 references to the original papers, reviews, edited volumes and monographs from this period are included, along with recently identified uncited materials from prior to 2004, which were omitted in the first instalment of this series covering the years 1930-2003. In the presentation of the assembled references, a section presenting reviews and monographs covering the area is followed by sections describing fundamental aspects of molecular imprinting including the development of novel polymer formats. Thereafter, literature describing efforts to apply these polymeric materials to a range of application areas is presented. Current trends and areas of rapid development are discussed.
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Lai X, Ruan C, Liu R, Liu C. Application of ionic liquid-based dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction for the analysis of ochratoxin A in rice wines. Food Chem 2014; 161:317-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Revised: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 04/06/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Preparation of monolithic molecularly imprinted polymer sol–gel packed tips for high-throughput bioanalysis: Extraction and quantification of l-tyrosine in human plasma and urine samples utilizing liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2014; 967:168-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2014.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Revised: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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43
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Yang J, Li J, Jiang Y, Duan X, Qu H, Yang B, Chen F, Sivakumar D. Natural occurrence, analysis, and prevention of mycotoxins in fruits and their processed products. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2014; 54:64-83. [PMID: 24188233 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2011.569860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Mycotoxins are small toxic chemical products formed as the secondary metabolites by fungi that readily contaminate foods with toxins in the field or after harvest. The presence of mycotoxins, such as aflatoxins, ochratoxin A, and patulin, in fruits and their processed products is of high concern for human health due to their properties to induce severe acute and chronic toxicity at low-dose levels. Currently, a broad range of detection techniques used for practical analysis and detection of a wide spectrum of mycotoxins are available. Many analytical methods have been developed for the determination of each group of these mycotoxins in different food matrices, but new methods are still required to achieve higher sensitivity and address other challenges that are posed by these mycotoxins. Effective technologies are needed to reduce or even eliminate the presence of the mycotoxins in fruits and their processed products. Preventive measures aimed at the inhibition of mycotoxin formation in fruits and their processed products are the most effective approach. Detoxification of mycotoxins by different physical, chemical, and biological methods are less effective and sometimes restricted because of concerns of safety, possible losses in nutritional quality of the treated commodities and cost implications. This article reviewed the available information on the major mycotoxins found in foods and feeds, with an emphasis of fruits and their processed products, and the analytical methods used for their determination. Based on the current knowledge, the major strategies to prevent or even eliminate the presence of the mycotoxins in fruits and their processed products were proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyi Yang
- a Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences , People's Republic of China
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Rapid and simultaneous in situ assessment of aflatoxins and stilbenes using silica plate imprinting mass spectrometry imaging. PLoS One 2014; 9:e90901. [PMID: 24595464 PMCID: PMC3942477 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A fast and direct combination of techniques for simultaneous mycotoxin and phytoalexin identification in peanut skin and kernel is described. Silica Plate Imprinting Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry Imaging (SPILDI-MSI) is a powerful technique that exhibits great advantages, such as solvent-free and matrix-free characteristics, as well as no sample preparation or separation steps. It also permits accurate identification of mycotoxins and phytoalexins with unique fingerprint profiles in just a few seconds. Results are expressed as chemical images of the 4 identified types of aflatoxins (B1, B2, G1 and G2) and a stilbenoid (resveratrol). Also, SPILDI-MSI allows the comparison between the spatial distribution of aflatoxins and resveratrol found in kernel and skin. This novel application has proven to be useful for instantaneous qualitative assessment of aflatoxins and stilbenoids both in the peanut skin and kernel and offers precise tracking of fungal contamination in nuts and other foodstuffs.
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Pardo A, Mespouille L, Dubois P, Blankert B, Duez P. Molecularly Imprinted Polymers: Compromise between Flexibility and Rigidity for Improving Capture of Template Analogues. Chemistry 2014; 20:3500-9. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201303216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Revised: 11/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Ma G, Chen L. Development of magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers based on carbon nanotubes - application for trace analysis of pyrethroids in fruit matrices. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1329:1-9. [PMID: 24418237 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.12.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Revised: 12/26/2013] [Accepted: 12/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The sensitive and efficient magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers (MMIPs) were successfully synthesized using carbon nanotubes as matrix and Fe3O4 particles as magnetic ingredient. Tetraethyl orthosilicate was used as modification material of the carbon nanotubes. Cyhalothrin, methacrylic acid and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate were used as template molecule, functional monomer and cross-linker, respectively. Azo-isobutyronitrile and polyvinylpyrrolidone were used as initiator and dispersant, respectively. The MMIPs were used for the separation of pyrethroids including beta-cyfluthrin, cyhalothrin, cyphenothrin and permethrin in fruit samples followed by high performance liquid chromatography analysis. The polymers were characterized with Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller method, transmission electron microscopy and a physical property measurement system. The isothermal absorption experiment, kinetics absorption experiment and selectivity of MMIPs were studied in detail. Scatchard analysis revealed that two kinds of different binding sites existed in MMIPs. The maximum adsorption capacities of two binding sites were 65.21 and 189.83mgg(-1), and dissociation constants were 7.11 and 30.40μgmL(-1), respectively. The kinetic property of MMIPs was well fitted to the second-order equation. The selectivity experiment indicated that MMIPs had higher selectivity toward cyhalothrin and its structural analogs than reference compound. The feasibility of detecting pyrethroids from real samples was testified in spiked fruit samples with different concentrations (0.025, 0.25 and 2.5mgkg(-1)). The LODs of beta-cyfluthrin, cyhalothrin, cyphenothrin and permethrin were 0.0072, 0.0035, 0.0062 and 0.0068mgkg(-1), respectively. Precisions of intra-day and inter-day ranging from 2.6% to 4.3% and 4.2% to 5.6% were obtained, respectively. This method was applied to determine pyrethroids in different fruit samples including apple, pear, orange, grape and peach, and satisfied recoveries (82.4-101.7%) were obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guifu Ma
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Ligang Chen
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, China.
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Characterization of oligosorbents and application to the purification of ochratoxin A from wheat extracts. Anal Bioanal Chem 2013; 406:1233-40. [PMID: 24309623 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-013-7509-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Revised: 11/06/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to optimize the preparation of an anti-ochratoxin A (OTA) oligosorbent (OS), a solid-phase extraction sorbent based on OTA aptamers covalently immobilized on sepharose. Different syntheses were carried out by modifying the side of the oligonucleotide chain bound to the sepharose, the length of the spacer arm between the aptamer and the sepharose and the amount of the aptamers introduced during the covalent grafting. Indeed, the capacity of OSs prepared using 3'- or 5'-amino-modified sequences with a C6 or a C12 was studied. In the best conditions, the concentration of aptamers sequence used during their grafting was increased and a capacity close to 40 nmol g(-1) of OS was reached. The potential of the resulting OSs was also studied in pure media. For this, their selectivity was checked by comparing them to a control sorbent prepared without immobilizing aptamers. Extraction recoveries close to 100% were obtained on all OSs, while no retention was observed on the control sorbent. OS does not demonstrate any cross-reactivity towards OTA metabolites, i.e., ochratoxin B and ochratoxin hydroquinone. The oligosorbent was finally applied to the clean-up of OTA from wheat sample extracts. Extraction recoveries were not affected by matrix interferences and the resulting chromatogram clearly highlights the selectivity of the sorbent that allows the removal of matrix components thus improving the reliability of the quantitation of OTA in real samples.
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Mashhadizadeh MH, Amoli-Diva M, Pourghazi K. Magnetic nanoparticles solid phase extraction for determination of ochratoxin A in cereals using high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1320:17-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.10.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2013] [Revised: 10/13/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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49
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Molecularly imprinted polymer-based solid phase clean-up for analysis of ochratoxin A in ginger and LC-MS/MS confirmation. Food Control 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2013.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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50
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Dima SO, Meouche W, Dobre T, Nicolescu TV, Sarbu A. Diosgenin-selective molecularly imprinted pearls prepared by wet phase inversion. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2013.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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