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Arisekar U, Shakila RJ, Shalini R, Sivaraman B, Karthy A, Al-Ansari MM, Dahmash Al-Dahmash N, Mythili R, Kim W, Ramkumar S, Kalidass B, Sangma SN. Diffusion of organochlorine (OCPs) and cypermethrin pesticides from rohu (Labeo rohita) internal organs to edible tissues during ice storage: a threat to human health. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2024; 46:126. [PMID: 38483641 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-024-01891-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
The migration of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and cypermethrin residues from internal organs to edible tissues of ice-held Labeo rohita (rohu) was investigated in this study. The liver (246 µg/kg) had the highest level of ∑OCP residues, followed by the gills (226 µg/kg), intestine (167 µg/kg), and muscle tissue (54 µg/kg). The predominant OCPs in the liver and gut were endosulfan (53-66 µg/kg), endrin (45-53 µg/kg), and dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane (DDT; 26-35 µg/kg). The ∑OCP residues in muscle increased to 152 µg/kg when the entire rohu was stored in ice, but they decreased to 129 µg/kg in gill tissues. On days 5 and 9, the total OCPs in the liver increased to 317 µg/kg and 933 µg/kg, respectively. Beyond day 5 of storage, total internal organ disintegration had led to an abnormal increase in OCP residues of liver-like mass. Despite a threefold increase in overall OCP residues by day 9, accumulation of benzene hexachloride (BHC) and heptachlor was sixfold, endrin and DDT were fourfold, aldrin was threefold, and endosulfan and cypermethrin were both twofold. Endosulfan, DDT, endrin, and heptachlor were similarly lost in the gills at a rate of 40%, while aldrin and BHC were also lost at 60 and 30%, respectively. The accumulation of OCP residues in tissues has been attributed to particular types of fatty acid derivatives. The study concluded that while pesticide diffusion to edible tissues can occur during ice storage, the levels observed were well below the allowable limit for endosulfan, endrin, and DDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulaganathan Arisekar
- Department of Fish Quality Assurance and Management, Fisheries College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Fisheries University (TNJFU), Tuticorin, Tamil Nadu, 628008, India.
| | - Robinson Jeya Shakila
- Department of Fish Quality Assurance and Management, Fisheries College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Fisheries University (TNJFU), Tuticorin, Tamil Nadu, 628008, India
| | - Rajendran Shalini
- Department of Fish Quality Assurance and Management, Fisheries College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Fisheries University (TNJFU), Tuticorin, Tamil Nadu, 628008, India.
| | - Balasubramanian Sivaraman
- Department of Fish Quality Assurance and Management, Fisheries College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Fisheries University (TNJFU), Tuticorin, Tamil Nadu, 628008, India
| | - Arjunan Karthy
- Department of Fishing Technology and Fisheries Engineering, Fisheries College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Fisheries University (TNJFU), Tuticorin, Tamil Nadu, 628008, India
| | - Mysoon M Al-Ansari
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nora Dahmash Al-Dahmash
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - R Mythili
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, 600077, India
| | - Woong Kim
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Sugumar Ramkumar
- ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400061, India
| | | | - Shannon N Sangma
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Hazaribagh, Jharkhand, 825405, India
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2
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Araújo da Silva A, Fagnani E, Cristale J. A modified QuEChERS method for determination of organophosphate esters in milk by GC-MS. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 334:138974. [PMID: 37207896 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphate esters (OPEs) are substances that have been detected in several matrices due to their use as flame retardants and plasticizers. Human exposure to OPEs can cause endocrine disruption, hormonal problems, and reproductive disturbance. Ingestion of contaminated food can be a significant route of exposure to OPEs. Food can be contaminated by OPEs in the food chain, during cultivation, and by contact with plasticizers during the production chain of processed foods. In this study, a method for the determination of 10 OPEs in commercial bovine milk was developed. The procedure was based on QuEChERS extraction and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. QuEChERS modification included a freezing-out step after the extraction followed by the concentration of the entire acetonitrile phase before the clean-up step. Calibration linearity, matrix effects, recovery, and precision were evaluated. Significant matrix effects were observed, which could be compensated by the isotopically labeled internal standard quantification and matrix-matched calibration curves. Recoveries ranged from 77 to 105%, with a relative standard deviation ranging from 3 to 38%. The method detection limits (MDLs) were in the range of 0.031-6.7 ng mL-1, while the method quantification limits (MQLs) were within the range from 0.27 to 20 ng mL-1. The proposed method was successfully validated and applied to determine the concentrations of OPEs in bovine milk. The 2-ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate (EHDPHP) was detected in the analyzed milk samples but at levels below the MQL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Araújo da Silva
- School of Technology, University of Campinas (FT-UNICAMP), Rua Paschoal Marmo 1888, 13484-332 Limeira, SP, Brazil
| | - Enelton Fagnani
- School of Technology, University of Campinas (FT-UNICAMP), Rua Paschoal Marmo 1888, 13484-332 Limeira, SP, Brazil
| | - Joyce Cristale
- School of Technology, University of Campinas (FT-UNICAMP), Rua Paschoal Marmo 1888, 13484-332 Limeira, SP, Brazil; Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo (CENA-USP), Av Centenário 303, 13416-000, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
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3
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Mazza FC, de Souza Sampaio NA, von Mühlen C. Hyperspeed method for analyzing organochloride pesticides in sediments using two-dimensional gas chromatography–time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 415:2629-2640. [PMID: 36495323 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04464-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Pesticides are traditionally analyzed using conventional gas chromatography. When fast chromatography is associated with comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC × GC), the resulting method presents high-resolution separation associated with a higher chromatographic speed. In the present work, a method for pesticide analysis in sediment samples was developed using quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe extraction (QuEChERS) and a hyperspeed GC × GC separation. The QuEChERS procedure reported in the literature was extended to incorporate the analytes tetrachloro-m-xylene, decachlorobiphenyl, trans-chlordane, chlordane, endosulfan lactone, and endosulfan ether. To understand the chromatographic method improvement achieved, the recent concept of average theoretical peak time (ATPT) was used. The ATPT improved from that of the traditional GC × GC separation to the proposed method, and the separation speed can be classified as a hyperspeed separation. The limit of detection and quantitation of the compounds in the standard mix ranged from 0.39 to 17.96 µg L-1 and 1.18 to 54.43 µg L-1, respectively. The method showed acceptable RSD% (relative standard deviation) values and little interference of the sediment matrix in the extraction procedure. The developed method was applied to the determination of a mixture of 19 compounds in 16 sediment samples from the Pirapetinga River and Paraíba do Sul River in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Cury Mazza
- Faculty of Technology, State University of Rio de Janeiro-UERJ, Polo Industrial, Rodovia Presidente Dutra, Km 298, Resende, 27537-000, Brazil
| | - Nilo Antônio de Souza Sampaio
- Faculty of Technology, State University of Rio de Janeiro-UERJ, Polo Industrial, Rodovia Presidente Dutra, Km 298, Resende, 27537-000, Brazil
| | - Carin von Mühlen
- Faculty of Technology, State University of Rio de Janeiro-UERJ, Polo Industrial, Rodovia Presidente Dutra, Km 298, Resende, 27537-000, Brazil.
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Arisekar U, Shakila RJ, Shalini R, Jeyasekaran G, Arumugam N, Almansour AI, Keerthana M, Perumal K. Bioaccumulation of organochlorine pesticide residues (OCPs) at different growth stages of pacific white leg shrimp (Penaeus vannamei): First report on ecotoxicological and human health risk assessment. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 308:136459. [PMID: 36150495 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Pesticide residues (PRs) in farmed shrimps are concerning food safety risks. Globally, India is a major exporter of pacific white leg shrimp (P. vannamei). This study was undertaken to analyze PRs in the water, sediments, shrimps, and feed at different growth stages to evaluate the ecotoxicological and human health risks. PRs in the seawater and sediments ranged from not detected (ND) to 0.027 μg/L and 0.006-12.39 μg/kg, and the concentrations were within the maximum residual limits (MRLs) and sediment quality guidelines prescribed by the World Health Organization and Canadian Environment Guidelines, respectively. PRs in shrimps at three growth stages viz. Postlarvae, juvenile, and adults, ranged from ND to 0.522 μg/kg, below the MRLs set by Codex Alimentarius Commission and European Commission. Most of the PRs in water, sediments, and shrimps did not vary significantly (p > 0.05) from days of culture (DOC-01) to DOC-90. The hazard quotient (HQ) and hazard ratio (HR) were found to be < 1, indicating that consumption of shrimps has no noncarcinogenic and carcinogenic risks. PRs in shrimp feed ranged from ND to 0.777 μg/kg and were found to be below the MRLs set by EC, which confirms that the feed fed is safe for aquaculture practices and does not biomagnify in animals. The risk quotient (RQ) and toxic unit (TU) ranged from insignificant level (ISL) to 0.509 and ISL to 0.022, indicating that PRs do not pose acute and chronic ecotoxicity to aquatic organisms. The study suggested no health risk due to PRs in shrimps cultured in India and exported to the USA, China, and Japan. However, regular monitoring of PRs is recommended to maintain a sustainable ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulaganathan Arisekar
- Department of Fish Quality Assurance and Management, Fisheries College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Fisheries University, Tuticorin, 628 008, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Robinson Jeya Shakila
- Department of Fish Quality Assurance and Management, Fisheries College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Fisheries University, Tuticorin, 628 008, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Rajendran Shalini
- Department of Fish Quality Assurance and Management, Fisheries College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Fisheries University, Tuticorin, 628 008, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Natarajan Arumugam
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman I Almansour
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muruganantham Keerthana
- Department of Fisheries and Fishermen Welfare, Department of Fisheries (AD Office), Thoothukudi, 628 008, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Karthikeyan Perumal
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 151W. Woodruff Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
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Comparison of PSA to Moringa Oleifera Seed Protein as Sorbent in QuEChERS: A Response Surface Methodology Optimization for Extraction of Some Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals in Food. J CHEM-NY 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/7161318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This work aimed at optimizing the QuEChERS method with PSA and then comparing it with Moringa Oleifera seed protein as a clean-up sorbent for the extraction of endocrine-disrupting chemicals. The response surface methodology approach was used in the optimization. A design of experiment (DoE) was used to investigate the effect of the sample mass (0.5–3 g), centrifuge speed (3400–4000 rpm) and time (5–20 min), the mass of
and
, and solvent extraction volume (5–10 mL). The analysis was done using GC-ECD and GC × GC TOFMS. The PSA method which was later replaced with Moringa Oleifera seed protein presented optimal values of 3 g of sample, 150 mg PSA, 4000 rpm for 6 min centrifuge conditions, including 2 g NaCl and 2 g
extracted in 10 mL methanol, respectively. Moringa Oleifera seed protein gave better selectivity, and the detection limits ranged between 0.16 and 1.77
with RSD values
respectively. Moreover, recoveries were between 76.2
0.85% and 105.2
2.24%. Application of the developed method in food samples detected some EDCs. This study has shown that Moringa Oleifera seed protein is a promising alternative to PSA in the clean-up of food-related samples using the QuEChERS approach.
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Mergia MT, Weldemariam ED, Eklo OM, Yimer GT. Levels and Trophic Transfer of Selected Pesticides in the Lake Ziway Ecosystem. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2022; 108:830-838. [PMID: 35316353 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-022-03497-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The levels of 30 selected pesticides and trophic biomagnification of DDT were investigated in biota samples of the Lake Ziway in the Rift valley region, Ethiopia. Carbon source and trophic position were calculated by using 13C and 15N stable isotopes, individually, and trophic magnification factors (TMFs) were inferred. Only DDT and its metabolites were quantified in all samples analyzed. The most prominent metabolite was p,p'-DDE with mean concentration ranging from the 0.82-33.69 ng g-1 lipid weight. Moreover, the ratio of DDT/DDD + DDE in all the biota samples was less than 1 signifying historical DDT application. Regression of log [ΣDDT] vs TL (trophic level) among all biota species showed a significant correlation, indicating that DDTs are biomagnifying along with the food web of Lake Ziway with an estimated TMF of 2.75. The concentrations of DDTs and other organochlorine pesticides found in biota from Lake Ziway were, in general, lower than studies found in previous studies carried out in the same lake.
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Mergia MT, Weldemariam ED, Eklo OM, Yimer GT. Pesticide residue levels in surface water, using a passive sampler and in the sediment along the littoral zone of Lake Ziway at selected sites. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-022-04966-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractDiaion® HP-20 resin passive samplers deployed in water and sediment samples collected from Lake Ziway were analyzed for 30 organochlorine, organophosphorus, carboxamide, and pyrethroid pesticide residues. The samples were collected from purposely selected sampling stations in five sites on Lake Ziway. Levels of selected pesticides were determined by GC–MS/MS in all samples. p,p′DDE and boscalid residues were the only detected pesticides in sediment samples. Similarly, only metalaxyl and boscalid residues were recovered from HP-20 resins. The concentration of p,p′DDE and boscalid in sediment ranged from 0.66–7.23 and 0.1–15.26 ng g−1 dry weight respectively. The presence of p,p′DDE but no other metabolites of DDT in all sediment samples indicated that DDT residues in Ziway Lake were aged and probably originated from the weathered agricultural soils of the surrounding region. The highest level of boscalid was recorded at Site 2 (near the floriculture enterprises) both in sediment and in HP-20 resins with a mean concentration of 11.8 ng g−1 dw and 39.6 ng g−1 disk respectively. However, the concertation of metalaxyl was the highest in the HP-20 resins deployed at Site1 and Site 4 (near the intensive small-scale vegetable farm) with a mean concentration of 54.7 ng g−1 disk and 54.3 ng g−1 disk respectively. Generally, most sampling sites of p,p′DDE were found to have a moderate ecological risk based on levels specified in the sediment quality standards. Moreover, the relatively high boscalid and metalaxyl levels in HP-20 deployed in Lake Ziway would be the result of recent intensive pesticide use by floriculture enterprises and small-scale vegetable farmers in the region. A spatial variation on the accumulation of detected pesticides among the sampling sites depends on the anthropogenic activities, around the lake from the point and non-point sources. Although most of the analyzed pesticides were below the detectable limit, further studies and continued monitoring of currently used pesticide residues in the Lake are highly recommended.
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A Useful Method with Appropriate Recovery and High Accuracy in Simultaneous Analysis of 12 Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Cereal-Based Baby Foods Using Gas Chromatography-Electron Capture Detector. NUTRITION AND FOOD SCIENCES RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.52547/nfsr.9.1.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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9
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Sciancalepore G, Pietroluongo G, Centelleghe C, Milan M, Bonato M, Corazzola G, Mazzariol S. Evaluation of per- and poly-fluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) in livers of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) found stranded along the northern Adriatic Sea. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 291:118186. [PMID: 34560576 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Per-and poly-fluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) are a group of chemicals used in a wide variety of commercial products and industrial applications. These chemicals are persistent, can accumulate in humans' and animals' tissues and in the environment, representing an increasing concern due to their moderate to highly toxicity. Their global distribution, persistence and toxicity led to an urgent need to investigate bioaccumulation also in marine species. In 2013 PFAS contamination was detected in a vast area in Veneto region, mainly in Adige and Brenta rivers. In order to investigate any relevant presence of these substances in marine vertebrates constantly living in the area, PFAS were measured in hepatic tissue samples of 20 bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) stranded along the northern Adriatic Sea coastline between 2008 and 2020. Using high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, 17 target PFAS (PFBA, PFPeA, PFHxA, PFHpA, PFOA, PFNA, PFDA, PFUnA, PFDoA, PFTrDA, PFTeDA, PFBS, PFHxS, PFOS, PFDS, PFHpS, PFPeS), were quantified in the samples. PFAS profiles were generally composed of the same five dominant PFAS (PFOS > PFUnA > PFDA ≈ PFDoA ≈ PFTrDA). The greatest PFOS concentration found was 629,73 ng/g wet weight, and PFOS accounted until 71% in the PFAS profiles. No significant differences between sexes were found, while calves showing higher mean values than adults, possibly indicating an increasing ability in the elimination of PFAS with age. Finally, a temporal analysis was carried out considering three different periods of time, but no temporal differences in concentrations were found. The results suggest that long-chain PFAS are widespread in bottlenose dolphins along the North Adriatic Sea. Furthermore, they represent a baseline to investigate the impact of PFAS on marine mammals' conservation and health. Filling an important gap in the knowledge of PFAS accumulation in bottlenose dolphins, this study highlights the relevant role of Environmental and Tissue Banks for retrospective analyses on emergent contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Sciancalepore
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science BCA, University of Padova, Agripolis, Viale Dell'Università, 16, 35020, Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Guido Pietroluongo
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science BCA, University of Padova, Agripolis, Viale Dell'Università, 16, 35020, Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Cinzia Centelleghe
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science BCA, University of Padova, Agripolis, Viale Dell'Università, 16, 35020, Legnaro, PD, Italy.
| | - Massimo Milan
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science BCA, University of Padova, Agripolis, Viale Dell'Università, 16, 35020, Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Marco Bonato
- Department of Biology, Via Ugo Bassi 58/b, 35135, Padova, PD, Italy
| | - Giorgia Corazzola
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science BCA, University of Padova, Agripolis, Viale Dell'Università, 16, 35020, Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Sandro Mazzariol
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science BCA, University of Padova, Agripolis, Viale Dell'Università, 16, 35020, Legnaro, PD, Italy
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Wang JH, Chang CP, Chang CC, Wang CM, Lin CF, Lin JW, Lin WL, Liao HJ, Kao CY, Fan PS, Yang WC, Chang GR. Analysis of persistent organochlorine pesticides in shellfish and their risk assessment from aquafarms in Taiwan. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 172:112811. [PMID: 34403924 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In Taiwan, freshwater clams (Corbicula fluminea) and hard clams (Meretrix lusoria) are the most frequently raised shellfish in land-based pond aquaculture, but research on the accumulation of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in these shellfish is limited. We detected the levels of 14 OCPs in 62 shellfish from Taiwanese aquafarms by performing gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. OCP residues were detected in 4.84% of the samples including readings of 0.04 mg/kg chlordane (in a freshwater clam), 0.03 mg/g p,p'-DDE (in a freshwater clam), and 0.02 mg/g p,p'-DDE (in a hard clam). However, the associated estimated daily intake values were less than the acceptable daily intake levels of chlordane and p,p'-DDE Therefore, the consumption of these shellfish presents no immediate health risks. Our findings contribute to food safety and serve as a reference for OCP screenings for aquatic shellfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiann-Hsiung Wang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chiayi University, 580 Xinmin Road, Chiayi 60054, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Pei Chang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, 1 Section, 542 Chung-Shan Road, Changhua 50008, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chia Chang
- Animal Drugs Inspection Branch, Animal Health Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, 21 Muchang, Ciding Village, Zhunan Township, Miaoli 35054, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Min Wang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chiayi University, 580 Xinmin Road, Chiayi 60054, Taiwan
| | - Chuen-Fu Lin
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, 1, Shuefu Road, Neipu, Pingtung 912301, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Wei Lin
- Bachelor Degree Program in Animal Healthcare, Hungkuang University, 6 Section, 1018 Taiwan Boulevard, Shalu District, Taichung 433304, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Li Lin
- Bachelor Degree Program in Animal Healthcare, Hungkuang University, 6 Section, 1018 Taiwan Boulevard, Shalu District, Taichung 433304, Taiwan; General Education Center, Chaoyang University of Technology, 168 Jifeng Eastern Road, Taichung 413310, Taiwan
| | - Huei-Jyuan Liao
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chiayi University, 580 Xinmin Road, Chiayi 60054, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Yung Kao
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chiayi University, 580 Xinmin Road, Chiayi 60054, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Shan Fan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chiayi University, 580 Xinmin Road, Chiayi 60054, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Cheng Yang
- School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, 4 Section, 1 Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
| | - Geng-Ruei Chang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chiayi University, 580 Xinmin Road, Chiayi 60054, Taiwan.
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11
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Saleh EA, Nassar AMK, Amer HH. Organochlorine pesticide residues in raw and grilled freshwater fish (Oreochromis niloticus) collected from various locations along the Nile basin in Egypt. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2021; 193:673. [PMID: 34564761 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-021-09455-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The current study aimed to assess meat quality of samples of Nile tilapia fish (Oreochromis niloticus), along with examining organochlorine pesticide (OCP) residues in these samples and their potential risks to humans. About 55 samples were collected from eleven sites on the Nile River in Egypt: Damietta, El-Behera, El-Dakahlia, Kafrelsheikh, El-Gharbia, El-Menoufia, Cairo, El-Giza, El-Fayoum, El-Menia, and Aswan Governorates. Fish samples were analyzed fresh and grilled for meat quality characteristics and the presence of OCP residues using the QuEChERS method for extraction and cleanup accompanied by detection using GC-MS (gas chromatography-mass spectrometry) system. Then, risk hazards of OCP residues were calculated. Results showed that all quality criteria of raw and cooked meat samples were within the permissible levels set by the Egyptian Organization for Standardization and Quality (EOS). The detected residues of OCPs in fresh samples were hexachlorocyclohexanes (α-HCH, β-HCH, and δ-HCH), heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide, aldrin, dieldrin, endrin aldehyde, endosulfan, and p,p'-DDE. Endrin aldehyde was detected in all tested sites, while heptachlor epoxide was found in eight (73%) out of the 11 tested locations. After grilling, aldrin, heptachlor epoxide, endosulfan, and endrin aldehyde compounds were found in fish meat. Cooking fish samples reduced the OCP residue amounts by at least 95% of detected amounts in fresh meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebeed A Saleh
- Department of Food Hygiene and Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, El-Behera, Egypt
| | - Atef M K Nassar
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Damanhour University, El-Behera, PO Box 59, Damanhour, Egypt.
| | - Hanaa H Amer
- Department of Food Hygiene and Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, El-Behera, Egypt
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Baumer A, Jäsch S, Ulrich N, Bechmann I, Landmann J, Escher BI. Kinetics of Equilibrium Passive Sampling of Organic Chemicals with Polymers in Diverse Mammalian Tissues. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:9097-9108. [PMID: 34143604 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c01836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Equilibrium passive sampling employing polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) as a sampling phase can be used for the extraction of complex mixtures of organic chemicals from lipid-rich biota. We extended the method to lean tissues and more hydrophilic chemicals by implementing a mass-balance model for partitioning between lipids, proteins, and water in tissues and by accelerating uptake kinetics with a custom-built stirrer that effectively decreased time to equilibrium to less than 8 days even for a homogenized liver tissue with an only 4% lipid content. The partition constants log Klipid/PDMS between tissues and PDMS were derived from measured concentration in PDMS and the mass-balance model and were very similar for 40 neutral chemicals with octanol-water partition constants 1.4 < log Kow < 8.7, that is, log Klipid/PDMS of 1.26 (95% CI, 1.13-1.39) for the adipose tissue, 1.16 (1.00-1.33) for the liver, and 0.58 (0.42-0.73) for the brain. This conversion factor can be applied to interpret chemical analysis and in vitro bioassays after additionally accounting for a small fraction of coextracted lipids of <0.7% of the PDMS weight. PDMS is more widely applicable for passive sampling of mammalian tissues than previously thought, both, in terms of diversity of chemicals and the range of lipid contents of tissues and, therefore, an ideal method for human biomonitoring to be combined with in vitro bioassays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Baumer
- Department of Cell Toxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sandra Jäsch
- Department of Analytical Environmental Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nadin Ulrich
- Department of Analytical Environmental Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ingo Bechmann
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Julia Landmann
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Beate I Escher
- Department of Cell Toxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
- Environmental Toxicology, Centre for Applied Geosciences, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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13
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Hu H, Li T, Bao J, Zhang X, Sun X, Xu K, Liu Q, Guo Y. Determination of Phthalates in Marine Sediments Using Ultrasonic Extraction Followed by Dispersive Solid-Phase Extraction and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. J Chromatogr Sci 2021; 60:207-216. [PMID: 34159372 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmab080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
A simple, rapid and novel method has been developed and validated for determination of 16 phthalates in marine sediment samples by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Freeze dried samples were first ultrasonic extraction by n-hexane:methylene chloride (1:1, v/v) and n-hexane:ethyl acetate (1:1, v/v) and followed by dispersive solid-phase extraction cleanup. The linearity of this method ranged from 1 to 1,000 μg/L, with regression coefficients ranging between 0.9993 and 0.9999. The limits of detection were in ng/g level, ranging between 0.1 and 0.25 ng/g (dry weight). The concentration of the total phthalates in marine sediment samples from Waters of Dongji (Zhoushan, China), Yueqing Bay (Wenzhou, China) and Coastal Waters of Yuhuan (Taizhou, China) ranged from 235.4 to 608.7 μg/kg with diisobutyl phthalate, dibutyl phthalate and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate being the major species, which constitutes of 94.6 and 98.1% of the total phthalates. The recoveries of spiked 16 phthalates at different concentration levels in sediment sample 3 of Waters of Dongji (Zhoushan, China) and sediment sample 3 of Yueqing bay (Wenzhou, China) were in the range of 78-117% and 83-114%, respectively, with relative standard deviations of 2.4-6.8% and 3.4-7.5% (n = 5), respectively. The performance of the proposed method was also compared with traditional Soxhlet extraction and column chromatography cleanup on the same genuine sediment samples and comparable efficiencies were obtained. It is concluded that this method can be successfully applied for the determination of phthalates in different marine sediment samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Hu
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Technology Research for Fisheries Resources of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Tiyu Road 28, Dinghai District, Zhoushan 316021, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Tiejun Li
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Technology Research for Fisheries Resources of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Tiyu Road 28, Dinghai District, Zhoushan 316021, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Jingjiao Bao
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Technology Research for Fisheries Resources of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Tiyu Road 28, Dinghai District, Zhoushan 316021, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoning Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Sericulture, No. 2 Tiansheng Road College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences Southwest University Beibei District, Chongqing 400715, P.R. China
| | - Xiumei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Technology Research for Fisheries Resources of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Tiyu Road 28, Dinghai District, Zhoushan 316021, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Kaida Xu
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Technology Research for Fisheries Resources of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Tiyu Road 28, Dinghai District, Zhoushan 316021, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Qin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Technology Research for Fisheries Resources of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Tiyu Road 28, Dinghai District, Zhoushan 316021, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Yuanming Guo
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Technology Research for Fisheries Resources of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Tiyu Road 28, Dinghai District, Zhoushan 316021, Zhejiang, P.R. China
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14
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Validation of a novel UPLC-MS/MS method for estimation of metformin and empagliflozin simultaneously in human plasma using freezing lipid precipitation approach and its application to pharmacokinetic study. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2021; 200:114078. [PMID: 33901756 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A fast, sensitive one step UPLC ESI-MS/MS method was successfully applied for the simultaneous estimation of two concurrently administrated antidiabetic drugs, Metformin (MET) and Empagliflozin (EMPA) in human plasma. Metformin-d6 (MET-d6) and Empagliflozin-d4 (EMPA-d4) were utilized as internal standards. Extraction of the analytes from the human plasma was performed through acetonitrile precipitation technique followed by freezing the precipitated plasma proteins and lipids to minimize the matrix effect. Chromatographic analysis was developed on Acquity UPLC BEH C18 column (1.7 μm, 2.1 × 50 mm) using isocratic elution mode. A mobile phase of formic acid (0.01 %): acetonitrile (70:30 v/v) with a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min achieved optimum separation. Multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) in positive ion mode, with transitions at (m/z) 130.14 →71.08 for (MET), 451.72 →71.29 for (EMPA), 136.03 →77.02 for (MET-d6), and 455.43 → 75.05 for (EMPA-d4) was used for quantification. The obtained linearity covered the concentration ranges of 10-1500 ng/mL and 2.0-250.0 ng/mL for MET and EMPA, respectively. The run time of the proposed Method didn't exceed 3.0 min allowing faster analysis and determination of larger number of samples per day without affecting accuracy and sensitivity. The presented chromatographic method could be successfully applied in pharmacokinetics studies and therapeutic monitoring of MET and EMPA in patients' plasma administrating fixed dose combination of both drug with high reproducibility and ruggedness.
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15
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Samara F, Alam IA, Yaghmour F. Combined d-SPE-QuECHERS-Cold Bath Extraction and GC/MS for the Determination of 24 Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Stranded Green Sea Turtles, Chelonia Mydas (Linnaeus, 1758). Polycycl Aromat Compd 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2021.1887297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatin Samara
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Isra Arshad Alam
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Fadi Yaghmour
- (Scientific Research Department), Environment and Protected Areas Authority, Hefaiyah Mountain Conservation Centre, Kalba, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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16
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Yusiasih R, Pitoi MM, Endah ES, Ariyani M, Koesmawati TA. Pyrethroid residues in Indonesian cocoa powder: Method development, analysis and risk assessment. Food Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2020.107466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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17
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Abolghasemi MM, Taheri H, Aghaee A. Determination of the scopolamine in Datura innoxia based on quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe (QuEChERS) extraction followed by HPLC-PDA. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2020.1839773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hoda Taheri
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Ahmad Aghaee
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran
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18
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Direct sample introduction GC-MS/MS for quantification of organic chemicals in mammalian tissues and blood extracted with polymers without clean-up. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:7295-7305. [PMID: 32803303 PMCID: PMC7497510 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02864-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Solvent extracts of mammalian tissues and blood contain a large amount of co-extracted matrix components, in particular lipids, which can adversely affect instrumental analysis. Clean-up typically degrades non-persistent chemicals. Alternatively, passive sampling with the polymer polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) has been used for a comprehensive extraction from tissue without altering the mixture composition. Despite a smaller fraction of matrix being co-extracted by PDMS than by solvent extraction, direct analysis of PDMS extracts was only possible with direct sample introduction (DSI) GC-MS/MS, which prevented co-extracted matrix components entering the system. Limits of quantitation (LOQ) ranged from 4 to 20 pg μL−1 ethyl acetate (PDMS extract) for pesticides and persistent organic pollutants (POPs). The group of organophosphorus flame retardants showed higher LOQs up to 107 pg μL−1 due to sorption to active sites at the injection system. Intraday precision ranged between 1 and 10%, while the range of interday precision was between 1 and 18% depending on the analyte. The method was developed using pork liver, brain, and fat as well as blood and was then applied to analyze human post-mortem tissues where polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) as well as dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and DDT metabolites were detected. Graphical abstract ![]()
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19
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Determination of Hexabromocyclododecanes in Fish Using Modified QuEChERS Method with Efficient Extract Clean-Up Prior to Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry. SEPARATIONS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/separations7030044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A modified QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) sample preparation method coupled with liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) was proposed for the determination of α-, β-, and γ-hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) diastereomers in whole-fish homogenate samples. The main modification of the QuEChERS method concerned a clean-up step in which the combination of pH-tuned dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME) with 18.4 M H2SO4 digestion allowed to successfully eliminate the matrix substances from the final extract. For the target HBCDs, good response linearity was obtained with coefficients of determination (R2) >0.998 for the concentration range corresponding to 0.1–50 ng of analyte per g of sample. Limits of quantifications (LOQs) were 0.15–0.25 ng g−1 ww (wet weight), and the recoveries from samples spiked at levels of 0.5 and 5 ng g−1 ranged from 89% to 102% with relative standard deviations <7.5%. The accuracy of the method was verified by analysis of the NIST standard reference material SRM 1947, and a good agreement (90%) was obtained with the certified value for the α-HBCD present in the sample. Finally, the method was applied to the analysis of 293 fish samples collected in water bodies from all over Slovakia, in which the highest concentrations were determined for α-HBCD with the maximum value of 31 ng g−1 ww.
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20
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Hwang SM, Lee HU, Kim JB, Chung MS. Validation of analytical methods for organochlorine pesticide detection in shellfish and cephalopods by GC-MS/MS. Food Sci Biotechnol 2020; 29:1053-1062. [PMID: 32670659 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-020-00748-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This study validated the analysis of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in shellfish and cephalopods using a gas chromatograph equipped with a mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS), and monitored residual pesticide levels. The QuEChERS method was used to analyze OCPs and was validated by checking the linearity, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantitation (LOQ), accuracy, and precision. Octopus minor and Venerupis philippinarum, were purchased from four cities in the South Korean peninsula. The LOD values were 0.10-0.80 ng/g in shellfish and 0.21-0.77 ng/g in cephalopods, while the LOQ values were 0.31-2.41 ng/g in shellfish and 0.63-2.33 ng/g in cephalopods. Accuracy ranged from 83.5 to 117.4% and 79.8 to 118.4%, and precision ranged from 0.3 to 27.5% and 1.2 to 27.9%, in shellfish and cephalopods, respectively, conforming to the Codex Alimentarius Commission guidelines. Although residual OCP levels were below detection limits, the QuEChERS method may be effective for analyzing the OCPs in shellfish and cephalopods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Min Hwang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, 4726 Seodongdae-ro, Daedeok-myeon, Anseong-si, Gyeonggi-do 17546 Korea
| | - Haeng-Un Lee
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, 4726 Seodongdae-ro, Daedeok-myeon, Anseong-si, Gyeonggi-do 17546 Korea
| | - Jung-Bok Kim
- Korea Advanced Food Research Institute, 50 Botdeul-ro, Uiwang-si, Gyeonggi-do 16001 Korea
| | - Myung-Sub Chung
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, 4726 Seodongdae-ro, Daedeok-myeon, Anseong-si, Gyeonggi-do 17546 Korea
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21
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Lourencetti C, Ricci M. Determination of organochlorine priority substances in fish tissue: Optimisation of the clean-up step balancing removal of lipids with analytes' recovery. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1619:460944. [PMID: 32059868 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.460944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Quality-assessed analytical methods are required to determine organic priority substances (PS) in biota for the monitoring of the water status according to the EU Water Framework Directive. Although the literature describes several analytical methods to determine these substances in fish, discussion about the efficiency of the clean-up procedures to remove the lipids in the final organic extract (and decrease the disturbance of co-extractives at the detection step) is scarce. This work highlights the results of the development of an analytical method for organochlorines in fish tissue focused on the optimisation of the clean-up step in order to obtain a final extract with the lowest amount of lipids. The efficiency of the purification of the final extract was assessed by quantifying the removal of co-extractives gravimetrically, by considering the sensitivity of the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method for the analytes and by assessing the analytes' recovery. An analytical method based on accelerated solvent extraction followed by gel permeation chromatography and dual solid phase extraction (as clean-up steps) and quantification via isotope dilution GC-MS was applied to the analysis of seven PS [α-, β-, γ- and δ-hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) isomers, pentachlorobenzene (PeCB), hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and hexachlorobutadiene (HCBD)]. A preliminary validation of the method was carried out with satisfactory results for all analytes in terms of intermediate precision (2.9-9.4%, except 11.8% for β-HCH). Repeatability values were satisfactory for α-, γ-HCH, PeCB and HCB (4.3-6.9%), while the obtained results for β-, δ-HCH and HBCD showed the need for further optimisation. Trueness was within the target performance (recovery range: 96.0-107.5%) for all analytes except β- and δ-HCH. Limits of quantification between 0.5 and 3.3 ng/g wet weight were achieved, depending on the analytes. The proposed method can be employed to determine the mentioned PS in fish tissue with up to approximately 6% lipid content. The presented results show the challenges in establishing an analytical method which aims at balancing the required accuracy with the routine applicability (and a minimised impact on the detection system) as needed in the context of environmental monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Lourencetti
- European Commission Joint Research Centre (JRC), Retieseweg 111, 2440 Geel, Belgium
| | - Marina Ricci
- European Commission Joint Research Centre (JRC), Retieseweg 111, 2440 Geel, Belgium.
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22
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Li W, Zhang ZM, Zhang RR, Jiao HF, Sun AL, Shi XZ, Chen J. Effective removal matrix interferences by a modified QuEChERS based on the molecularly imprinted polymers for determination of 84 polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine pesticides in shellfish samples. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 384:121241. [PMID: 31581008 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Revised: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A modified quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) procedure combined with GC-MS/MS detection approach using a dynamic multiple reaction monitoring (DMRM) mode was successfully applied for the simultaneous analysis of 84 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in shellfish samples. The novel molecular imprinted polymers (MIPs) were synthesized by precipitation polymerization and characterized by Scanning electron microscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller, Fourier transform infrared spectra and adsorption experiment. The MIPs exhibited good adsorption capability to pigment coextractives in shellfish samples without the loss of analytes compared with other sorbents. Under optimal conditions, spiked experiments in sinonovacula, mussel, and clam at 10.0-100.0 μg/kg concentrations showed excellent recoveries ranging from 70% to 120% for all analytes with the relative standard deviations of <10%. The developed method showed good linearity with the correlation coefficient above 0.9980, and the limits of quantification were in the range of 0.01-9.02 μg/kg. The developed QuEChERS procedure combined with GC-MS/MS was successfully applied to 84 PCBs and OCPs residues detection in shellfish samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China
| | - Ze-Ming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China
| | - Rong-Rong Zhang
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China
| | - Hai-Feng Jiao
- College of Biological and Environment Science, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, 315100, PR China
| | - Ai-Li Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Xi-Zhi Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China.
| | - Jiong Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China
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Zaukuu JLZ, Bazar G, Gillay Z, Kovacs Z. Emerging trends of advanced sensor based instruments for meat, poultry and fish quality- a review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2019; 60:3443-3460. [PMID: 31793331 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2019.1691972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Meat and fish chemical composition and sensory attributes are markers of quality that require innovative assessment methods as existing ones are rather technical, laborious, and expensive. Emerging trends of advanced technology instruments have been lauded in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic and food industries for their high sensitivity, customizability, rapidness and affordability. Common among these, are the electronic tongue (e-tongue) and electronic nose (e-nose) but their use for meat and fish quality, remains scanty and scattered. This paper aims to systematically discuss the developing trends, principles and the recent use of e-tongue and e-nose for quality measurements in fish and meat. From over 90 research papers, it was observed that an arsenal of chemometric tools have been pivotal in applying these instruments for rapid quantitative, qualitative and predictive analysis of some physical properties, chemical properties, storability and the authentication of meat and fish. Both instruments require no reagent (waste free analytical procedure) and have been lauded for precision and*accuracy but e-nose may be better suited for meat and fish assessments. Unlike the e-tongue, e-nose requires no liquid sample preparation and portable versions are promising for rapid remote analysis of meat and fish samples that can save cost on transferring carcass to laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Lewis Zinia Zaukuu
- Department of Physics and Control, Faculty of Food Science, Szent István University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - George Bazar
- Department of Nutritional Science and Production Technology, Kaposvár University, Kaposvár, Hungary
| | - Zoltan Gillay
- Department of Physics and Control, Faculty of Food Science, Szent István University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltan Kovacs
- Department of Physics and Control, Faculty of Food Science, Szent István University, Budapest, Hungary
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24
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Pajewska-Szmyt M, Sinkiewicz-Darol E, Bernatowicz-Łojko U, Kowalkowski T, Gadzała-Kopciuch R, Buszewski B. QuEChERS extraction coupled to GC-MS for a fast determination of polychlorinated biphenyls in breast milk from Polish women. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:30988-30999. [PMID: 31452126 PMCID: PMC6828831 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06201-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in breast milk has been determined. Therefore, it was necessary to develop and adapt an analytical method to analyze PCB compounds. The whole procedure was applied to 31 breast milk samples, which were collected from Polish mothers. The QuEChERS method was optimized as a fast and cheap sample preparation method. The procedure allowed us to obtain recovery values between 96.46% and 119.98% with acceptable relative standard deviations (3.36-12.71%). Gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used for final determination. The method was validated using parameters such as linearity, limit of detection and quantification, intra-day precision, and reproducibility. The mean concentration of ∑iPCBs in this study was 30.94 ng/g of lipid. Assigned daily intake of PCBs was lower than the tolerable daily intake, which shows that the analyzed milk is safe to the infants. However, the monitoring of PCBs in milk is still important, and the QuEChERS method with GC-MS can be an effective tool for tracking organic impurities in breast milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martyna Pajewska-Szmyt
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 7 Gagarin St., 87-100 Toruń, Poland
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 4 Wileńska St., 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Elena Sinkiewicz-Darol
- Ludwik Rydygier Provincial Polyclinic Hospital in Toruń, Human Milk Bank, Św. Józefa 53-59, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
- Human Milk Bank Foundation, 128J Podkowy St., 04-937 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Urszula Bernatowicz-Łojko
- Ludwik Rydygier Provincial Polyclinic Hospital in Toruń, Human Milk Bank, Św. Józefa 53-59, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
- Human Milk Bank Foundation, 128J Podkowy St., 04-937 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Kowalkowski
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 7 Gagarin St., 87-100 Toruń, Poland
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 4 Wileńska St., 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Renata Gadzała-Kopciuch
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 7 Gagarin St., 87-100 Toruń, Poland
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 4 Wileńska St., 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Bogusław Buszewski
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 7 Gagarin St., 87-100 Toruń, Poland
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 4 Wileńska St., 87-100 Toruń, Poland
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25
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Özdemir C, Özdemir S, Oz E, Oz F. Determination of organochlorine pesticide residues in pasteurized and sterilized milk using QuEChERS sample preparation followed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.14173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cihat Özdemir
- Department of Food Technology Oltu Vocational College, Ataturk University Erzurum Turkey
| | - Salih Özdemir
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Food Engineering Ataturk University Erzurum Turkey
| | - Emel Oz
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Food Engineering Ataturk University Erzurum Turkey
| | - Fatih Oz
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Food Engineering Ataturk University Erzurum Turkey
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Fernando H, Ju H, Kakumanu R, Bhopale KK, Croisant S, Elferink C, Kaphalia BS, Ansari GAS. Distribution of petrogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in seafood following Deepwater Horizon oil spill. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2019; 145:200-207. [PMID: 31590776 PMCID: PMC6785834 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
A community-based participatory research was utilized to address the coastal community's concern regarding Deepwater Horizon oil contamination of seafood. Therefore, we analyzed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), major toxic constituents of crude oil, in the seafood collected from gulf coast (Louisiana, Alabama and Mississippi) during December 2011-February 2014. PAHs were extracted from edible part of shrimp, oysters, and crabs by the QuEChERS/dsPE procedure and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The total PAHs data were further analyzed using the General Linear Mixed Model procedure of the SAS (Version 9.3, SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC) statistical software. Brown shrimp showed statistically significant differences in PAHs levels with respect to time and locations while white shrimp showed differences at various time points. PAHs levels in oyster and crab samples were not statistically different at the Type I error of 0.05. Overall, the PAHs levels are far below FDA levels of concern for human consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshica Fernando
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Department of Chemistry and Physics, Prairie View A&M University, Prairie View, TX 77446, USA
| | - Hyunsu Ju
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Community Health, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Ramu Kakumanu
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Kamlesh K Bhopale
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Sharon Croisant
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Community Health, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Cornelis Elferink
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Bhupendra S Kaphalia
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - G A Shakeel Ansari
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
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Solid-Phase Extraction Combined with Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction Based on Solidification of Floating Organic Droplet for Simultaneous Determination of Organochlorine Pesticides and Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Fish. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-019-01527-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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28
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Arisekar U, Shakila RJ, Jeyasekaran G, Shalini R, Kumar P, Malani AH, Rani V. Accumulation of organochlorine and pyrethroid pesticide residues in fish, water, and sediments in the Thamirabarani river system of southern peninsular India. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enmm.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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29
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Green determination of brominated flame retardants and organochloride pollutants in fish oils by vortex assisted liquid-liquid microextraction and gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Talanta 2019; 195:251-257. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.11.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Validation Including Uncertainty Estimation of a GC⁻MS/MS Method for Determination of Selected Halogenated Priority Substances in Fish Using Rapid and Efficient Lipid Removing Sample Preparation. Foods 2019; 8:foods8030101. [PMID: 30889899 PMCID: PMC6463197 DOI: 10.3390/foods8030101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A rapid method is proposed for the determination of selected H2SO4 stable organic compounds—eight organochlorines (OCs; hexachloro-1,3-butadiene, pentachlorobenzene, hexachlorobenzene, hexachlorocyclohexane—HCH—isomers, heptachlor) and six polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs; BDE-28, 47, 99, 100, 153, 154)—in fish samples. In the method, a modified QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe) sample preparation using pH-tuned dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME) and H2SO4 digestion fish extract clean-up is followed by gas chromatography–triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (GC–QqQ-MS/MS) analysis. The method was validated in terms of linearity, limits of the method, recovery, accuracy, analysis of standard reference material (NIST SRM 1946), and estimation of combined uncertainty of the measurement (top-down approach). For validation, chub composite samples were used, and subsequently, the method was successfully applied to analysis of real samples of eight fish species. Finally, the method passed the analytical Eco-Scale evaluation as “an acceptable green analysis method”, and showed its advantages (simplicity, rapidity, low cost, high extract clean-up efficiency, good sensitivity) when compared to other reported QuEChERS based methods.
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31
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Perestrelo R, Silva P, Porto-Figueira P, Pereira JAM, Silva C, Medina S, Câmara JS. QuEChERS - Fundamentals, relevant improvements, applications and future trends. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1070:1-28. [PMID: 31103162 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe (QuEChERS) method is a simple and straightforward extraction technique involving an initial partitioning followed by an extract clean-up using dispersive solid-phase extraction (d-SPE). Originally, the QuEChERS approach was developed for recovering pesticide residues from fruits and vegetables, but rapidly gained popularity in the comprehensive isolation of analytes from different matrices. According to PubMed, since its development in 2003 up to November 2018, about 1360 papers have been published reporting QuEChERS as extraction method. Several papers have reported different improvements and modifications to the original QuEChERS protocol to ensure more efficient extractions of pH-dependent analytes and to minimize the degradation of labile analytes. This analytical approach shows several advantages over traditional extraction techniques, requiring low sample and solvent volumes, as well as less time for sample preparation. Furthermore, most of the published studies show that the QuEChERS protocol provides higher recovery rate and a better analytical performance than conventional extraction procedures. This review proposes an updated overview of the most recent developments and applications of QuEChERS beyond its original application to pesticides, mycotoxins, veterinary drugs and pharmaceuticals, forensic analysis, drugs of abuse and environmental contaminants. Their pros and cons will be discussed, considering the factors influencing the extraction efficiency. Whenever possible, the performance of the QuEChERS is compared to other extraction approaches. In addition to the evolution of this technique, changes and improvements to the original method are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Perestrelo
- CQM - Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105, Funchal, Portugal.
| | - Pedro Silva
- CQM - Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105, Funchal, Portugal
| | - Priscilla Porto-Figueira
- CQM - Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105, Funchal, Portugal
| | - Jorge A M Pereira
- CQM - Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105, Funchal, Portugal
| | - Catarina Silva
- CQM - Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105, Funchal, Portugal
| | - Sonia Medina
- CQM - Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105, Funchal, Portugal
| | - José S Câmara
- CQM - Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105, Funchal, Portugal; Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências Exatas e Engenharia, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105, Funchal, Portugal
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Chiesa LM, Nobile M, Ceriani F, Malandra R, Arioli F, Panseri S. Risk characterisation from the presence of environmental contaminants and antibiotic residues in wild and farmed salmon from different FAO zones. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2019; 36:152-162. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2018.1563723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Maria Chiesa
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Nobile
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Ceriani
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Renato Malandra
- ATS Milano-Città metropolitana, Director of Veterinary Unit, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Arioli
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Panseri
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Determination of lipophilic marine toxins in fresh and processed shellfish using modified QuEChERS and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Food Chem 2019; 272:427-433. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.08.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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34
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Buah-Kwofie A, Humphries MS. Validation of a modified QuEChERS method for the analysis of organochlorine pesticides in fatty biological tissues using two-dimensional gas chromatography. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2019; 1105:85-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2018.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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35
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Zhong F, Zhang X, Li G, Tang Z, Han X, Cheng J. A new multistep purification method for simultaneously determining organic ultraviolet absorbents in fish tissue. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2018; 191:16. [PMID: 30539331 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-018-7139-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
More information is required to improve our understanding of the presence of organic ultraviolet absorbents (UVAs) in organisms and the risks posed to biota. Effective removal of lipids in the determination of UVAs in biological samples is a sample-processing bottleneck. In this study, we optimized a multistep purification method for fish tissue samples extracted using an ultrasonic-assisted extraction method. The purification method involved performing Florisil column chromatography, redissolving the extract in ethanol, and then performing dispersive solid-phase extraction using primary and secondary amine, Florisil, and C18 silica sorbents. The purified samples were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The method was effective and reliable, and was used to detect trace concentrations (ng/g) of 12 UVAs in fish tissue samples. The mean recovery range of the UVAs in fish tissue extracts was 65.4-118%, and the method detection limit range was 0.20-2.50 ng/g dw. The validated method was used to analyze 12 UVAs in fish samples from a local supermarket.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuyong Zhong
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental System Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Xianhui Zhang
- Agricultural Product Quality Safety Inspection and Testing Center of Huainan, Huainan, 232007, Anhui, China
| | - Guanghui Li
- China Merchants Ecological Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd., Chongqing, 400067, China
| | - Zhenwu Tang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China.
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental System Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China.
| | - Xue Han
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental System Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Jiali Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Trace Element Nutrition of National Health Commission, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100021, China.
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36
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Air-assisted liquid-liquid microextraction integrated with QuEChERS for determining endocrine-disrupting compounds in fish by high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Food Chem 2018; 260:174-182. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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37
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Al-Thaiban H, Al-Tamimi N, Helaleh M. Development of QuEChERS Method for the Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Smoked Meat Products Using GC-MS from Qatar. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2018; 2018:9206237. [PMID: 30116652 PMCID: PMC6079466 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9206237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A simple and fast method for the determination of PAHs in smoked meat samples was described. The QuEChERS (Z-Sep) procedure was used for sample preparation. Gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer with electron ionization (EI) was used to separate and detect the PAHs. All 16 common PAHs were analyzed successfully. Matrix-matched calibration was applied. Spiked samples were performed at 1 ng/g (n=10) and 10 ng/g (n=10) for two days. Overall recoveries of PAHs were within 74 to 117%, with RSDs within 1.15 to 37.57% and 1 and 10 ng/g wet weight for first and second day, respectively. In most of the analyzed smoked meat samples, there were no exceeded levels compared to the maximum levels declared by Commission Regulation (EU) number 835/2011. The method can be recommended for routine analysis for laboratories having a large number of samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussain Al-Thaiban
- Anti Doping Lab-Qatar, Toxicology Multipurpose laboratory, P.O. Box 27775, Doha, Qatar
| | - Nada Al-Tamimi
- Anti Doping Lab-Qatar, Toxicology Multipurpose laboratory, P.O. Box 27775, Doha, Qatar
| | - Murad Helaleh
- Anti Doping Lab-Qatar, Toxicology Multipurpose laboratory, P.O. Box 27775, Doha, Qatar
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38
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Zheng B, Hu H, Zhang X, Guo Y, Zhang X, Xue L, Xiang X, Zhang L. Sample Pretreatment Method for Determination of Indicator Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Seafood using Ultrasonic Extraction Followed by Dispersive Solid-Phase Extraction and Gas Chromatography – Electron Capture Detection. J Chromatogr Sci 2018; 56:555-563. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmy022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zheng
- Department of Marine Biological Resource Development and Utilization, Zhejiang Marine Development Research Institute, Zhoushan, China
| | - Hongmei Hu
- Department of Marine and Fishery Environment, Key Laboratory of Mariculture and Enhancement of Zhejiang Province, Marine Fishery Institute of Zhejiang Province, Zhoushan, China
| | - Xiaoning Zhang
- Department of Mathematics, Sciences & Technology, Paine College, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Yuanming Guo
- Department of Marine and Fishery Environment, Key Laboratory of Mariculture and Enhancement of Zhejiang Province, Marine Fishery Institute of Zhejiang Province, Zhoushan, China
| | - Xiaojun Zhang
- Department of Marine and Fishery Environment, Key Laboratory of Mariculture and Enhancement of Zhejiang Province, Marine Fishery Institute of Zhejiang Province, Zhoushan, China
| | - Lijian Xue
- Department of Marine and Fishery Environment, Key Laboratory of Mariculture and Enhancement of Zhejiang Province, Marine Fishery Institute of Zhejiang Province, Zhoushan, China
| | - Xingwei Xiang
- Department of Marine Biological Resource Development and Utilization, Zhejiang Marine Development Research Institute, Zhoushan, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Marine and Fishery Environment, Key Laboratory of Mariculture and Enhancement of Zhejiang Province, Marine Fishery Institute of Zhejiang Province, Zhoushan, China
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39
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Stremel TRDO, Domingues CE, Zittel R, Silva CP, Weinert PL, Monteiro FC, Campos SX. Development, validation and matrix effect of a QuEChERS method for the analysis of organochlorine pesticides in fish tissue. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2018; 53:246-254. [PMID: 29278983 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2017.1410414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to develop and validate a method to determine OCPs in fish tissues, minimizing the consumption of sample and reagents, by using a modified QuEChERS along with ultrasound, d-SPE and gas chromatography with an electron capture detector (GC-ECD), refraining the pooling. Different factorial designs were employed to optimize the sample preparation phase. The validation method presented a recovery of around 77.3% and 110.8%, with RSD lower than 13% and the detection limits were between 0.24 and 2.88 μgkg-1, revealing good sensitiveness and accuracy. The method was satisfactorily applied to the analysis of tissues from different species of fish and OCPs residues were detected. The proposed method was shown effective to determine OCPs low concentrations in fish tissues, using small sample mass (0.5 g), making the sample analyses viable without the need for grouping (pool).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana R De O Stremel
- a Department of Chemistry , Research Group on Environmental and Sanitary Analytical Chemistry (QAAS), Ponta Grossa State University (UEPG) , Ponta Grossa , Paraná , Brazil
| | - Cinthia E Domingues
- a Department of Chemistry , Research Group on Environmental and Sanitary Analytical Chemistry (QAAS), Ponta Grossa State University (UEPG) , Ponta Grossa , Paraná , Brazil
| | - Rosimara Zittel
- a Department of Chemistry , Research Group on Environmental and Sanitary Analytical Chemistry (QAAS), Ponta Grossa State University (UEPG) , Ponta Grossa , Paraná , Brazil
| | - Cleber P Silva
- a Department of Chemistry , Research Group on Environmental and Sanitary Analytical Chemistry (QAAS), Ponta Grossa State University (UEPG) , Ponta Grossa , Paraná , Brazil
| | - Patricia L Weinert
- b Department of Chemistry , Ponta Grossa State University (UEPG) , Ponta Grossa , Paraná , Brazil
| | - Franciele C Monteiro
- c Department of Chemistry , Graduate Program in Chemistry, Ponta Grossa State University (UEPG) , Ponta Grossa , Paraná , Brazil
| | - Sandro X Campos
- a Department of Chemistry , Research Group on Environmental and Sanitary Analytical Chemistry (QAAS), Ponta Grossa State University (UEPG) , Ponta Grossa , Paraná , Brazil
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Tölgyessy P, Nagyová S. Rapid Sample Preparation Method with High Lipid Removal Efficiency for Determination of Sulphuric Acid Stable Organic Compounds in Fish Samples. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-018-1241-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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41
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Scott PD, Coleman HM, Khan S, Lim R, McDonald JA, Mondon J, Neale PA, Prochazka E, Tremblay LA, Warne MSJ, Leusch FDL. Histopathology, vitellogenin and chemical body burden in mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki) sampled from six river sites receiving a gradient of stressors. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 616-617:1638-1648. [PMID: 29079092 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.10.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
There are over 40,000 chemical compounds registered for use in Australia, and only a handful are monitored in the aquatic receiving environments. Their effects on fish species in Australia are largely unknown. Mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki) were sampled from six river sites in Southeast Queensland identified as at risk from a range of pollutants. The sites selected were downstream of a wastewater treatment plant discharge, a landfill, two agricultural areas, and two sites in undeveloped reaches within or downstream of protected lands (national parks). Vitellogenin analysis, histopathology of liver, kidney and gonads, morphology of the gonopodium, and chemical body burden were measured to characterize fish health. Concentrations of trace organic contaminants (TrOCs) in water were analyzed by in vitro bioassays and chemical analysis. Estrogenic, anti-estrogenic, anti-androgenic, progestagenic and anti-progestagenic activities and TrOCs were detected in multiple water samples. Several active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), industrial compounds, pesticides and other endocrine active compounds were detected in fish carcasses at all sites, ranging from <4-4700ng/g wet weight, including the two undeveloped sites. While vitellogenin protein was slightly increased in fish from two of the six sites, the presence of micropollutants did not cause overt sexual endocrine disruption in mosquitofish (i.e., no abnormal gonads or gonopodia). A correlation between lipid accumulation in the liver with total body burden warrants further investigation to determine if exposure to low concentrations of TrOCs can affect fish health and increase stress on organs such as the liver and kidneys via other mechanisms, including disruption of non-sexual endocrine axes involved in lipid regulation and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip D Scott
- Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith School of Environment, Griffith University, Queensland 4222, Australia
| | - Heather M Coleman
- School of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Stuart Khan
- School of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Richard Lim
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - James A McDonald
- School of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Julie Mondon
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Integrative Ecology, Deakin University, Victoria 3280, Australia
| | - Peta A Neale
- Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith School of Environment, Griffith University, Queensland 4222, Australia
| | - Erik Prochazka
- Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith School of Environment, Griffith University, Queensland 4222, Australia
| | - Louis A Tremblay
- Cawthron Institute, 98 Halifax St. East, Nelson 7042, New Zealand; School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, PO Box 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Michael St J Warne
- Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith School of Environment, Griffith University, Queensland 4222, Australia; Water Quality and Investigations, Department of Science, Information Technology and Innovation, Queensland Government, Queensland 4001, Australia
| | - Frederic D L Leusch
- Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith School of Environment, Griffith University, Queensland 4222, Australia.
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42
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Garcia CV, Gotah A. Application of QuEChERS for Determining Xenobiotics in Foods of Animal Origin. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2017; 2017:2603067. [PMID: 29435383 PMCID: PMC5757139 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2603067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The use of pesticides and veterinary drugs results in the appearance of residues of xenobiotics in foods. Thus, several methods have been developed for monitoring them; however, most are tedious and expensive. By contrast, the QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe) methodology involves a microextraction that yields small samples and has been applied for the analysis of various xenobiotics including pesticides, antibiotics, and mycotoxins. QuEChERS has shown advantages over other techniques including fast sample preparation, reduced needs for reagents and labware, and versatility. This approach allows the simultaneous determination of pesticides with various polarities and volatilities and can be easily modified for the analysis of a wide range of xenobiotics in various matrices including animal products rich in fat. Nevertheless, to attain high recoveries, the extraction, cleanup, and concentration steps have to be optimized according to the target compounds and matrix. Hence, QuEChERS is a promising and environmentally friendly methodology for the high-throughput routine analysis of xenobiotics in animal products. This review focuses on the application of QuEChERS to foods of animal origin and describes recent developments for the optimization of the analysis of veterinary drugs, pesticides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and other compounds of concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coralia V. Garcia
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Ahmed Gotah
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
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43
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Kurth D, Krauss M, Schulze T, Brack W. Measuring the internal concentration of volatile organic compounds in small organisms using micro-QuEChERS coupled to LVI–GC–MS/MS. Anal Bioanal Chem 2017; 409:6041-6052. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0532-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Shao G, Agar J, Giese RW. Cold-induced aqueous acetonitrile phase separation: A salt-free way to begin quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, safe. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1506:128-133. [PMID: 28558907 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.05.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cooling a 1:1 (v/v) solution of acetonitrile and water at -16° C is known to result in two clear phases. We will refer to this event as "cold-induced aqueous acetonitrile phase separation (CIPS)". On a molar basis, acetonitrile is 71.7% and 13.6% in the upper and lower phases, respectively, in our study. The phase separation proceeds as a descending cloud of microdroplets. At the convenient temperature (typical freezer) employed here the lower phase is rather resistant to solidification, although it emerges from the freezer as a solid if various insoluble matter is present at the outset. In a preliminary way, we replaced the initial (salting-out) step of a representative QuEChERS procedure with CIPS, applying this modified procedure ("CIPS-QuEChERS") to a homogenate of salmon (and partly to beef). Three phases resulted, where only the upper, acetonitrile-rich phase is a liquid (that is completely clear). The middle phase comprises ice and precipitated lipids, while the lower phase is the residual matrix of undissolved salmon or meat. Treating the upper phase from salmon, after isolation, with anhydrous MgSO4 and C18-Si (typical QuEChERS dispersive solid phase extraction sorbents), and injecting into a GC-MS in a nontargeted mode, gives two-fold more preliminary hits for chemicals, and also number of spiked pesticides recovered, relative to that from a comparable QuEChERS method. In part, this is because of much higher background signals in the latter case. Further study of CIPS-QuEChERS is encouraged, including taking advantage of other QuERChERS conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Shao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Barnett Institute, Bouve College, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jeffrey Agar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Barnett Institute, Bouve College, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Roger W Giese
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Barnett Institute, Bouve College, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Multiresidue determination of estrogens in different dairy products by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1496:58-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Wang J, Gong Z, Zhang T, Feng S, Wang J, Zhang Y. Simultaneous determination of 106 pesticides in nuts by LC-MS/MS using freeze-out combined with dispersive solid-phase extraction purification. J Sep Sci 2017; 40:2398-2405. [PMID: 28374572 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201700092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
As a result of the low water content and high fat matrices in nuts, it is very difficult to simultaneously determine multi-pesticides in trace levels. Here, a sample pretreatment method was developed in which, microwave-assisted solvent extraction was firstly used to extract pesticides, and then a two-step cleanup method was conducted combining freeze-out with dispersive solid-phase extraction to remove the lipidic matrix. By this way, 106 pesticides were simultaneously determined in the complicated nut sample by using an ultra-high pressure liquid chromatography coupled with a tandem mass spectrometer. Average recoveries were 75.3-119.3% with relative standard deviations < 14% at three concentration levels. The limits of detection and quantification were in the ranges of 0.3-3.0 and 1.0-10.0 μg/kg, respectively. Furthermore, the method was successfully applied to the determination of pesticides in 180 commercial nut samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals, Ministry of Education & Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China.,Technical Center of Xinjiang Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Urumqi, China
| | - Zhiguo Gong
- Technical Center of Xinjiang Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Urumqi, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals, Ministry of Education & Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
| | - Shun Feng
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jide Wang
- Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals, Ministry of Education & Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Qu Z, Bai X, Zhang T, Yang Z. Ultrasound-assisted extraction and solid-phase extraction for the simultaneous determination of five amide herbicides in fish samples by gas chromatography with electron capture detection. J Sep Sci 2017; 40:1142-1149. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201601092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Qu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Central South University; Changsha Hunan P.R. China
| | - Xiuzhi Bai
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Central South University; Changsha Hunan P.R. China
| | - Ting Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Central South University; Changsha Hunan P.R. China
| | - Zhaoguang Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Central South University; Changsha Hunan P.R. China
- Center for Environment and Water Resources; Central South University; Changsha Hunan P.R. China
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CUI Y, WANG Z, CONG J, WANG L, LIU Y, WANG X, XIE J. Determination of Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Fish Tissues from Shanghai Seafood Markets Using a Modified QuEChERS Method. ANAL SCI 2017; 33:973-977. [DOI: 10.2116/analsci.33.973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yunyun CUI
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University
| | - Zhengquan WANG
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture
| | - Jian CONG
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University
| | - Liping WANG
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University
| | - Yuan LIU
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University
| | - Xichang WANG
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture
| | - Jing XIE
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic-Product Processing & Preservation
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Wang XC, Shu B, Li S, Yang ZG, Qiu B. QuEChERS followed by dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction based on solidification of floating organic droplet method for organochlorine pesticides analysis in fish. Talanta 2017; 162:90-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2016.09.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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