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Ncongwane TB, Ndinteh DT, Smit E. Automated silylation of flavonoids using 3D printed microfluidics prior to chromatographic analysis: system development. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023; 415:7151-7160. [PMID: 37804326 PMCID: PMC10684624 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04981-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids are a class of secondary plant metabolites with low molecular weights. Most flavonoids are highly polar and unsuitable for gas chromatographic analyses. Derivatization is commonly used to make them amenable to gas chromatography by altering their physicochemical properties. Although highly effective, derivatization techniques introduce extra preparation steps and often use hazardous chemicals. The aim of this study was to automate derivatization (specifically, silylation) by developing 3D printed microfluidic devices in which derivatization of flavonoids can occur. A microfluidic device was designed and 3D printed using clear polypropylene. Quercetin and other flavonoids (TED 13 and ZTF 1016) isolated from plant extracts were silylated with N-tert-butyldimethylsilyl-N-methyltrifluoroacetamide (MTBSTFA) at room temperature both in batch and in continuous flow. All the samples were analyzed using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, gas chromatography combined with mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and high-resolution accurate mass spectrometry (HR-MS). Interestingly, the HR-MS results showed that the flow method was about 25 times more efficient than the batch method for quercetin samples. The TED 13 flavonoid was completely derivatized in the flow method compared to the batch method where the reaction was incomplete. Similar results were observed for ZTF 1016, where the flow method resulted in a four times derivatized compound, while the compound was only derivatized once in batch. In conclusion, 3D printed microfluidic devices have been developed and used to demonstrate a semi-automated, inexpensive, and more efficient natural product derivatization method based on continuous flow chemistry as an alternative to the traditional batch method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thabang Bernette Ncongwane
- Center for Natural Products Research, Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, PO Box 524, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Derek Tantoh Ndinteh
- Center for Natural Products Research, Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, PO Box 524, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Elize Smit
- Center for Natural Products Research, Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, PO Box 524, Johannesburg, South Africa.
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2
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Řezanka T, Kyselová L, Murphy DJ. Archaeal lipids. Prog Lipid Res 2023; 91:101237. [PMID: 37236370 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2023.101237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The major archaeal membrane glycerolipids are distinguished from those of bacteria and eukaryotes by the contrasting stereochemistry of their glycerol backbones, and by the use of ether-linked isoprenoid-based alkyl chains rather than ester-linked fatty acyl chains for their hydrophobic moieties. These fascinating compounds play important roles in the extremophile lifestyles of many species, but are also present in the growing numbers of recently discovered mesophilic archaea. The past decade has witnessed significant advances in our understanding of archaea in general and their lipids in particular. Much of the new information has come from the ability to screen large microbial populations via environmental metagenomics, which has revolutionised our understanding of the extent of archaeal biodiversity that is coupled with a strict conservation of their membrane lipid compositions. Significant additional progress has come from new culturing and analytical techniques that are gradually enabling archaeal physiology and biochemistry to be studied in real time. These studies are beginning to shed light on the much-discussed and still-controversial process of eukaryogenesis, which probably involved both bacterial and archaeal progenitors. Puzzlingly, although eukaryotes retain many attributes of their putative archaeal ancestors, their lipid compositions only reflect their bacterial progenitors. Finally, elucidation of archaeal lipids and their metabolic pathways have revealed potentially interesting applications that have opened up new frontiers for biotechnological exploitation of these organisms. This review is concerned with the analysis, structure, function, evolution and biotechnology of archaeal lipids and their associated metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Řezanka
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Kyselová
- Research Institute of Brewing and Malting, Lípová 511, 120 44 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Denis J Murphy
- School of Applied Sciences, University of South Wales, Pontypridd, CF37 1DL, United Kingdom.
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3
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Vrkoslav V, Horká P, Jindřich J, Buděšínský M, Cvačka J. Silver Ion High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry: A Tool for Analyzing Cuticular Hydrocarbons. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28093794. [PMID: 37175204 PMCID: PMC10179885 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28093794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Aliphatic hydrocarbons (HCs) are usually analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) or matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry. However, analyzing long-chain HCs by GC is difficult because of their low volatility and the risk of decomposition at high temperatures. MALDI cannot distinguish between isomeric HCs. An alternative approach based on silver ion high-performance liquid chromatography (Ag-HPLC) is shown here. The separation of HC standards and cuticular HCs was accomplished using two ChromSpher Lipids columns connected in series. A gradient elution of the analytes was optimized using mobile phases prepared from hexane (or isooctane) and acetonitrile, 2-propanol, or toluene. HCs were detected by atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry (APCI-MS). Good separation of the analytes according to the number of double bonds, cis/trans geometry, and position of double bonds was achieved. The retention times increased with the number of double bonds, and trans isomers eluted ahead of cis isomers. The mobile phase significantly affected the mass spectra of HCs. Depending on the mobile phase composition, deprotonated molecules, molecular ions, protonated molecules, and various solvent-related adducts of HCs were observed. The optimized Ag-HPLC/APCI-MS was applied for characterizing cuticular HCs from a flesh fly, Neobellieria bullata, and cockroach, Periplaneta americana. The method made it possible to detect a significantly higher number of HCs than previously reported for GC or MALDI-MS. Unsaturated HCs were frequently detected as isomers differing by double-bond position(s). Minor HCs with trans double bonds were found beside the prevailing cis isomers. Ag-HPLC/APCI-MS has great potential to become a new tool in chemical ecology for studying cuticular HCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimír Vrkoslav
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo Náměstí 542/2, 160 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Horká
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo Náměstí 542/2, 160 00 Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030/8, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jindřich Jindřich
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030/8, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Miloš Buděšínský
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo Náměstí 542/2, 160 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Cvačka
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo Náměstí 542/2, 160 00 Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030/8, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
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Ma X. Recent Advances in Mass Spectrometry-Based Structural Elucidation Techniques. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196466. [PMID: 36235003 PMCID: PMC9572214 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mass spectrometry (MS) has become the central technique that is extensively used for the analysis of molecular structures of unknown compounds in the gas phase. It manipulates the molecules by converting them into ions using various ionization sources. With high-resolution MS, accurate molecular weights (MW) of the intact molecular ions can be measured so that they can be assigned a molecular formula with high confidence. Furthermore, the application of tandem MS has enabled detailed structural characterization by breaking the intact molecular ions and protonated or deprotonated molecules into key fragment ions. This approach is not only used for the structural elucidation of small molecules (MW < 2000 Da), but also crucial biopolymers such as proteins and polypeptides; therefore, MS has been extensively used in multiomics studies for revealing the structures and functions of important biomolecules and their interactions with each other. The high sensitivity of MS has enabled the analysis of low-level analytes in complex matrices. It is also a versatile technique that can be coupled with separation techniques, including chromatography and ion mobility, and many other analytical instruments such as NMR. In this review, we aim to focus on the technical advances of MS-based structural elucidation methods over the past five years, and provide an overview of their applications in complex mixture analysis. We hope this review can be of interest for a wide range of audiences who may not have extensive experience in MS-based techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Ma
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, 901 Atlantic Dr NW, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
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5
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Modern analytical techniques are improving our ability to follow the fate of spilled oil in the environment. Curr Opin Chem Eng 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coche.2021.100787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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6
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Lengger SK, Weber Y, Taylor KWR, Kopf SH, Berstan R, Bull ID, Mayser JP, Leavitt WD, Blewett J, Pearson A, Pancost RD. Determination of the δ 2 H values of high molecular weight lipids by high-temperature gas chromatography coupled to isotope ratio mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2021; 35:e8983. [PMID: 33068049 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The hydrogen isotopic composition of lipids (δ2 Hlipid ) is widely used in food science and as a proxy for past hydrological conditions. Determining the δ2 H values of large, well-preserved triacylglycerides and other microbial lipids, such as glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether (GDGT) lipids, is thus of widespread interest but has so far not been possible due to their low volatility which prohibits analysis by traditional gas chromatography/pyrolysis/isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC/P/IRMS). METHODS We determined the δ2 H values of large, polar molecules and applied high-temperature gas chromatography (HTGC) methods on a modified GC/P/IRMS system. The system used a high-temperature 7-m GC column, and a glass Y-splitter for low thermal mass. Methods were validated using authentic standards of large, functionalised molecules (triacylglycerides, TGs), purified standards of GDGTs. The results were compared with δ2 H values determined by high-temperature elemental analyser/pyrolysis/isotope ratio mass spectrometry (HTEA/P/IRMS), and subsequently applied to the analysis of GDGTs in a sample from a methane seep and a Welsh peat. RESULTS The δ2 H values of TGs agreed within error between HTGC/P/IRMS and HTEA/IRMS, with HTGC/P/IRMS showing larger errors. Archaeal lipid GDGTs with up to three cyclisations could be analysed: the δ2 H values were not significantly different between methods with standard deviations of 5 to 6 ‰. When environmental samples were analysed, the δ2 H values of isoGDGTs were 50 ‰ more negative than those of terrestrial brGDGTs. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that the HTGC/P/IRMS method developed here is appropriate to determine the δ2 H values of TGs, GDGTs with up to two cyclisations, and potentially other high molecular weight compounds. The methodology will widen the current analytical window for biomarker and food light stable isotope analyses. Moreover, our initial measurements suggest that bacterial and archaeal GDGT δ2 H values can record environmental and ecological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine K Lengger
- Organic Geochemistry Unit, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
- Biogeochemistry Research Centre, School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Science, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Yuki Weber
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, 20 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Kyle W R Taylor
- Elementar UK Ltd, Earl Road, Cheadle Hulme, Stockport, SK8 6PT, UK
| | - Sebastian H Kopf
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Robert Berstan
- Elementar UK Ltd, Earl Road, Cheadle Hulme, Stockport, SK8 6PT, UK
| | - Ian D Bull
- Organic Geochemistry Unit, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Jan-Peter Mayser
- Organic Geochemistry Unit, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
| | - William D Leavitt
- Department of Earth Science, Department of Chemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Jerome Blewett
- Organic Geochemistry Unit, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Ann Pearson
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, 20 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Richard D Pancost
- Organic Geochemistry Unit, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
- School of Earth Sciences and Cabot Institute for the Environment, University of Bristol, Queens Road, Bristol, BS8 1RL, UK
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7
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Multidimensional gas chromatographic‒Mass spectrometric method for separation and identification of triacylglycerols in olive oil. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1629:461474. [PMID: 32823012 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A 'heart-cut' multidimensional gas chromatography‒mass spectrometry (H/C MDGC‒MS) method for separation and identification of triacylglycerols (TAGs) in extra virgin olive oil was developed. A GC configuration, comprising a non-polar first dimension (1D) column (15 m length) and a mid-polarity second dimension (2D) column (9 m length), was employed. Standard TAGs were used to test and demonstrate the H/C MDGC method, for identification of TAG components and to validate the method. Various chromatographic conditions such as column flow and temperature program were evaluated. The 1D separation resulted in overlap of some standard TAG peaks. These overlapped 1D regions of the standard TAGs were H/C to 2D for further separation and resulted in clearly distinguished individual TAG component peaks. The 1D separation of olive oil TAGs displayed three major peaks and four minor peaks. The application of the H/C MDGC method to olive oil TAGs resulted in the separation of each sampled 1D region into two or more TAG peaks. TAG components in olive oil resolved on the 2D column were identified based on characteristic mass fragment ions such as [M-RCO2]+, [RCO+128]+, [RCO+74]+ and RCO+ and comparison of their mass spectra with that of the standard TAGs. Sixteen olive oil TAGs were identified by MS after 2D separation. The repeatability of the H/C method was evaluated in terms of retention time shift and area response in the 2D and found to be <0.02% and <8% RSD respectively.
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8
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Advanced gas chromatography and mass spectrometry technologies for fatty acids and triacylglycerols analysis. Trends Analyt Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2020.115957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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9
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Waktola HD, Kulsing C, Nolvachai Y, Marriott PJ. High temperature multidimensional gas chromatographic approach for improved separation of triacylglycerols in olive oil. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1549:77-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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10
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Novaes FJM, Kulsing C, Bizzo HR, de Aquino Neto FR, Rezende CM, Marriott PJ. Analysis of underivatised low volatility compounds by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with a short primary column. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1536:75-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.08.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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11
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La Nasa J, Degano I, Brandolini L, Modugno F, Bonaduce I. A novel HPLC-ESI-Q-ToF approach for the determination of fatty acids and acylglycerols in food samples. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1013:98-109. [PMID: 29501097 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.12.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
We propose a new analytical method using reverse phase High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled through an electrospray source with a tandem quadrupole-time-of-flight (ESI-Q-ToF) mass spectrometric detector for the full characterization and quantitation of the different classes of fatty acids and acylglycerols in lipid samples in a single chromatographic run. In this work, we optimized the derivatization reaction for free fatty acids with 2-hydrazinoquinoline, which is a low-cost approach, using a full factorial design. This reaction does not involve transesterification, thus enabling the free fatty acids to be separated and successfully quantified in the presence of mono-, di- and triacylglycerols without altering the whole glyceride profile. This new analytical method provides a full profile of fatty acids, mono-, di- and triglycerides within a relatively short chromatographic run (less than 40 min), with low operating back-pressure (less than 110 bar). The derivatization of the free fatty acids allows their detection in positive mode, with limits of detection in the range of 0.2-1.9 ng/g, and a dynamic range of two orders of magnitude. The figures of merit of the procedure are competitive with respect to the literature. The method was validated by characterizing two different types of olive oils. Free fatty acid content was quantified, and the results are consistent with literature data. The method was applied to the characterization of cow milk and an infant formula, after the precipitation of proteins and phospholipids, and proved suitable for the detection of short chain fatty acids, free fatty acids and glycerides highlighting differences in the composition of the two milks. The proposed procedure improves the current methods for the analysis of acylglyceride based materials, such as olive oil, and proved promising for the characterization of lipids in complex matrices, such as milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo La Nasa
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Ilaria Degano
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Leonardo Brandolini
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca Modugno
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Ilaria Bonaduce
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
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12
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Jeong YD, Suh S, Kim JY, In MK, Paeng KJ. Simultaneous Determination of Sildenafil, Tadalafil, and Vardenafil in Pharmaceutical Preparations by High-Temperature Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry. Chromatographia 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-016-3185-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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13
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Fitz BD, Mannion BC, To K, Hoac T, Synovec RE. Evaluation of injection methods for fast, high peak capacity separations with low thermal mass gas chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1392:82-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Revised: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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14
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15
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Horká P, Vrkoslav V, Hanus R, Pecková K, Cvačka J. New MALDI matrices based on lithium salts for the analysis of hydrocarbons and wax esters. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2014; 49:628-638. [PMID: 25044848 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Revised: 04/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Lithium salts of organic aromatic acids (lithium benzoate, lithium salicylate, lithium vanillate, lithium 2,5-dimethoxybenzoate, lithium 2,5-dihydroxyterephthalate, lithium α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamate and lithium sinapate) were synthesized and tested as potential matrices for the matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI)-mass spectrometry analysis of hydrocarbons and wax esters. The analytes were desorbed using nitrogen laser (337.1 nm) and ionized via the attachment of a lithium cation, yielding [M + Li](+) adducts. The sample preparation and the experimental conditions were optimized for each matrix using stearyl behenate and n-triacontane standards. The performance of the new matrices in terms of signal intensity and reproducibility, the mass range occupied by matrix ions and the laser power threshold were studied and compared with a previously recommended lithium 2,5-dihydroxybenzoate matrix (LiDHB) (Cvačka and Svatoš, Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 2003, 17, 2203). Several of the new matrices performed better than LiDHB. Lithium vanillate offered a 2-3 times and 7-9 times higher signal for wax esters and hydrocarbons, respectively. Also, the signal reproducibility improved substantially, making this matrix a suitable candidate for imaging applications. In addition, the diffuse reflectance spectra and solubility of the synthesized compounds were investigated and discussed with respect to the compound's ability to serve as MALDI matrices. The applicability of selected matrices was tested on natural samples of wax esters and hydrocarbons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Horká
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University Centre of Excellence 'Supramolecular Chemistry', Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 2030/8, CZ-128 43, Prague 2, Czech Republic; Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, v.v.i., Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo nám. 2, CZ-166 10, Prague 6, Czech Republic
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16
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Chin ST, Marriott PJ. Multidimensional gas chromatography beyond simple volatiles separation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:8819-33. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc02018a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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17
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Li M, Yang L, Bai Y, Liu H. Analytical Methods in Lipidomics and Their Applications. Anal Chem 2013; 86:161-75. [DOI: 10.1021/ac403554h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key
Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry
of Education, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, College of Chemistry
and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Li Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key
Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry
of Education, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, College of Chemistry
and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yu Bai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key
Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry
of Education, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, College of Chemistry
and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Huwei Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key
Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry
of Education, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, College of Chemistry
and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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18
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Analysis of wax esters by silver-ion high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1302:105-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Revised: 04/17/2013] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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19
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Sutton PA, Wilde MJ, Martin SJ, Cvačka J, Vrkoslav V, Rowland SJ. Studies of long chain lipids in insects by high temperature gas chromatography and high temperature gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1297:236-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Revised: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 05/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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20
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Hu J, Wei F, Dong XY, Lv X, Jiang ML, Li GM, Chen H. Characterization and quantification of triacylglycerols in peanut oil by off-line comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography coupled with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201200567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Hu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops; Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Ministry of Agriculture; Wuhan; P. R. China
| | - Fang Wei
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops; Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Ministry of Agriculture; Wuhan; P. R. China
| | - Xu-Yan Dong
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops; Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Ministry of Agriculture; Wuhan; P. R. China
| | - Xin Lv
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops; Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Ministry of Agriculture; Wuhan; P. R. China
| | - Mu-Lan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops; Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Ministry of Agriculture; Wuhan; P. R. China
| | - Guang-Ming Li
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops; Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Ministry of Agriculture; Wuhan; P. R. China
| | - Hong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops; Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Ministry of Agriculture; Wuhan; P. R. China
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