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Trevelin AM, Vinhal JO, Viana LN, Saint'Pierre TD, Cassella RJ. Disruption of a three-component solution as a novel strategy for Cu and Ni extraction from vegetable oils for their determination by GF AAS. Food Chem 2024; 442:138492. [PMID: 38245986 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
In this work, we propose a novel approach for extracting Cu and Ni from vegetable oils (which can be expanded to other metals). The method is based on the transference of the analytes to an aqueous acid phase due to the disruption of a three-component solution. The extraction was carried out in two steps. In the first step, a three-component solution was prepared comprising the sample, 1-octanol, and HNO3 solution. Next, the homogeneous system was disrupted by adding 1.0 mL of deionized water, and two phases were formed. The aqueous extract deposited in the bottom of the flask was collected with a micropipette, and Cu and Ni were determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GF AAS). The developed method presented limits of quantification (LOQ) of 0.25 and 0.17 ng g-1 for Cu and Ni, respectively, and was successfully applied in the analysis of eleven oil samples from different origins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex M Trevelin
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Outeiro de São João Batista s/n, Centro, Niterói, RJ 24020-141, Brazil
| | - Jonas O Vinhal
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Maranhão (IFMA), Campus Açailândia, Avenida Projetada, s/n, Vila Progresso II, Açailândia, MA 65930-000, Brazil
| | - Laís N Viana
- Departamento de Química, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro, Rua Marquês de São Vicente 225, Gávea, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 22451-900, Brazil
| | - Tatiana D Saint'Pierre
- Departamento de Química, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro, Rua Marquês de São Vicente 225, Gávea, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 22451-900, Brazil
| | - Ricardo J Cassella
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Outeiro de São João Batista s/n, Centro, Niterói, RJ 24020-141, Brazil.
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2
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Bai B, Shen D, Meng S, Guo Y, Feng B, Bo T, Zhang J, Yang Y, Fan S. Separation and Detection of Catechins and Epicatechins in Shanxi Aged Vinegar Using Solid-Phase Extraction and Hydrophobic Deep Eutectic Solvents Combined with HPLC. Molecules 2024; 29:2344. [PMID: 38792205 PMCID: PMC11124522 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29102344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
This research presents a new, eco-friendly, and swift method combining solid-phase extraction and hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents (DES) with high-performance liquid chromatography (SPE-DES-HPLC) for extracting and quantifying catechin and epicatechin in Shanxi aged vinegar (SAV). The parameters, such as the elution solvent type, the XAD-2 macroporous resin dosage, the DES ratio, the DES volume, the adsorption time, and the desorption time, were optimized via a one-way experiment. A central composite design using the Box-Behnken methodology was employed to investigate the effects of various factors, including 17 experimental runs and the construction of three-dimensional response surface plots to identify the optimal conditions. The results show that the optimal conditions were an HDES (tetraethylammonium chloride and octanoic acid) ratio of 1:3, an XAD-2 macroporous resin dosage of 188 mg, and an adsorption time of 11 min. Under these optimal conditions, the coefficients of determination of the method were greater than or equal to 0.9917, the precision was less than 5%, and the recoveries ranged from 98.8% to 118.8%. The environmentally friendly nature of the analytical process and sample preparation was assessed via the Analytical Eco-Scale and AGREE, demonstrating that this method is a practical and eco-friendly alternative to conventional determination techniques. In summary, this innovative approach offers a solid foundation for the assessment of flavanol compounds present in SAV samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoqing Bai
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China; (B.B.); (D.S.); (S.M.); (Y.G.); (T.B.); (J.Z.)
- Xinghuacun College, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Dan Shen
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China; (B.B.); (D.S.); (S.M.); (Y.G.); (T.B.); (J.Z.)
| | - Siyuan Meng
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China; (B.B.); (D.S.); (S.M.); (Y.G.); (T.B.); (J.Z.)
| | - Yanli Guo
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China; (B.B.); (D.S.); (S.M.); (Y.G.); (T.B.); (J.Z.)
| | - Bin Feng
- Inspection and Testing Center of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan 030031, China;
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Food and Drug Safety Prevention and Control, Taiyuan 030031, China
| | - Tao Bo
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China; (B.B.); (D.S.); (S.M.); (Y.G.); (T.B.); (J.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Biotechnology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Jinhua Zhang
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China; (B.B.); (D.S.); (S.M.); (Y.G.); (T.B.); (J.Z.)
- Xinghuacun College, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Yukun Yang
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China; (B.B.); (D.S.); (S.M.); (Y.G.); (T.B.); (J.Z.)
- Xinghuacun College, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Sanhong Fan
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China; (B.B.); (D.S.); (S.M.); (Y.G.); (T.B.); (J.Z.)
- Xinghuacun College, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
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3
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Bodur S, Erarpat S, Tutar ÖF, Bakırdere S. A simple spray assisted extraction/preconcentration of cadmium from sunflower oil, olive oil and hazelnut oil samples prior to flame atomic absorption spectrometry determination. J Food Compost Anal 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2023.105144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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4
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Alsafadi D, Alhesan JA, Mansour A, Oqdeh S. Extraction and Quantification of Bioactive Phenolic Compounds in Olive Oil by Acid Hydrolysis Method. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-022-02432-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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5
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Shishov A, Volodina N, Semenova E, Navolotskaya D, Ermakov S, Bulatov A. Reversed-phase dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction based on decomposition of deep eutectic solvent for the determination of lead and cadmium in vegetable oil. Food Chem 2022; 373:131456. [PMID: 34731809 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
In this work, a reversed-phase dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction procedure based on the decomposition of deep eutectic solvent was suggested for the first time. The procedure was utilized for fast and simple separation of lead and cadmium from vegetable oil samples. The procedure assumed mixing of oil sample and DES based on menthol, formic acid and water. Water as component of DES promoted its decomposition in sample matrix resulting menthol dissolution in the sample phase and dispersion of aqueous formic acid solution. In this procedure menthol acted as a dispersive solvent during DES decomposition for dispersion of aqueous formic acid solution. The metals were determined by the square-wave anodic stripping voltammetry. The limits of detection, were 0.01 µg kg-1 for lead and 0.006 µg kg-1 for cadmium. The RSD was less then 6% for both analytes. The enrichment factor was 36 and 39 for lead and cadmium, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Shishov
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Saint-Petersburg University, Saint Petersburg State University, SPbSU, SPbU, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., St. Petersburg 199034, Russia.
| | - Natalia Volodina
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Saint-Petersburg University, Saint Petersburg State University, SPbSU, SPbU, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Semenova
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Saint-Petersburg University, Saint Petersburg State University, SPbSU, SPbU, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Daria Navolotskaya
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Saint-Petersburg University, Saint Petersburg State University, SPbSU, SPbU, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Sergey Ermakov
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Saint-Petersburg University, Saint Petersburg State University, SPbSU, SPbU, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Andrey Bulatov
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Saint-Petersburg University, Saint Petersburg State University, SPbSU, SPbU, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
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6
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Rezaeinejad S, Hashemi P. Rapid and Sensitive Quantitation of Inorganic Anions in Olive Oil by Coupling Reversed-Phase Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction and Ion Chromatography. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-021-02071-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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7
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Abstract
Oleuropein, a bitter substance that exists in olive leaves, can be hydrolyzed to hydroxytyrosol. These are the main phenolic compounds, and they have beneficial properties to human bodies. In this study, we established a simple and new method to determine oleuropein and hydroxytyrosol quickly by HPLC. HPLC conditions were set as follows: water (A) acetonitrile (B) as mobile phase, gradient elution orders: 90%A–10%B for 0–10 min, 80%A–20%B for 14–30 min, and then change to 90%A–10%B for 30–33 min; detection wavelength: 280 nm. Compared with other detection methods, the method simplified the elution procedure and shortened the time. Additionally, we provided a better drying method and preservation of olive leaves in tea drinking production that were air-dried at room temperature of 25 °C.
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Nagler J, Schriever SC, Romanov A, Vogt-Weisenhorn D, Wurst W, Pfluger PT, Schramm KW. Determination of morphine and norlaudanosoline in murine brain regions by dispersive liquid-liquid micro-extraction and liquid chromatograpy-electrochemical detection. Neurochem Int 2021; 150:105174. [PMID: 34474098 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Morphine can be synthesized endogenously by mammals from dopamine via the intermediate norlaudanosoline. Previously, both compounds have been detected separately in whole brains of mice and brain regions of rats, and in urine of humans. Here, we report a novel method for the analysis of both compounds in single murine brain regions. Initially, a variant of dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction was established by using methanol as an extractant, cyclohexane as solvent, and tributylphosphate as disperser. The extraction method was applied to murine brain regions homogenized with perchloric acid while the subsequent detection was carried out by HPLC with electrochemical detection. In the thalamus of C57Bl/6J mice (n = 3, male, age 4-8 months), morphine and norlaudanosoline could be detected at levels of 19 ± 3.9 and 7.2 ± 2.3 pg/mg, respectively. Overall, we provide a novel method for the simultaneous extraction and detection of both morphine and norlaudanosoline in single murine brain regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Nagler
- Helmholtz Center Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Molecular EXposomics (MEX), Ingolstädter Landstr.1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Sonja C Schriever
- Helmholtz Center Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Research Unit NeuroBioloy of Diabetes (NBD), Ingolstädter Landstr.1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Artem Romanov
- Helmholtz Center Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Institute of Developmental Genetics (IDG), Ingolstädter Landstr.1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Daniela Vogt-Weisenhorn
- Helmholtz Center Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Institute of Developmental Genetics (IDG), Ingolstädter Landstr.1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany; Technichal University Munich Weihenstephan, Developmental Genetics c/o Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg/Munich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wurst
- Helmholtz Center Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Institute of Developmental Genetics (IDG), Ingolstädter Landstr.1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany; Technichal University Munich Weihenstephan, Developmental Genetics c/o Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg/Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Site Munich, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 17, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Paul T Pfluger
- Helmholtz Center Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Research Unit NeuroBioloy of Diabetes (NBD), Ingolstädter Landstr.1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Karl-Werner Schramm
- Helmholtz Center Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Molecular EXposomics (MEX), Ingolstädter Landstr.1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany; Technichal University Munich, Wissenschaftszentrum Weihenstephan für Ernährung, Landnutzung und Umwelt, Department für Biowissenschaftliche Grundlagen, Weihenstephaner Steig 23, 85350, Freising, Germany
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9
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Dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction coupled to liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry for the determination of phenolic compounds in human milk. Food Chem 2020; 327:126996. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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10
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Yu X, Yu L, Ma F, Li P. Quantification of phenolic compounds in vegetable oils by mixed-mode solid-phase extraction isotope chemical labeling coupled with UHPLC-MS/MS. Food Chem 2020; 334:127572. [PMID: 32721834 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In the present work, a rapid, accurate and cost-effective method has been developed for the simultaneous quantification of phenolic compounds in oil using mixed-mode solid-phase extraction (SPE) coupled with chemical labeling UHPLC-MS/MS. Mix-mode SPE weak cation cartridges were selected to enrich and purify phenolic compounds in oil, and hydroxyl moiety was dansylation as stable-isotope internal standard. The major parameters that affected the extraction and chemical labeling efficiency were investigated, and the method was fully validated. The limit of quantifications and the limit of detections were 0.002 µg kg-1 ~ 0.10 µg kg-1 and 0.006 µg kg-1 ~ 0.30 µg kg-1, respectively. The recoveries were 61.2% ~ 129.3% with intra-day and inter-day precision less than 12%. The results for 38 rapeseed oils revealed that 14 phenolic compounds, including canolol, phenolic acids, phenolic alcohols, tyrosol and vanillin from trace levels to relatively high content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Yu
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430062, China; Key Laboratory of Detection for Mycotoxins, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Li Yu
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430062, China; Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Oilseeds Products (Wuhan), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Fei Ma
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430062, China; Key Laboratory of Detection for Mycotoxins, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430062, China; Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Oilseeds Products (Wuhan), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Peiwu Li
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430062, China; Key Laboratory of Detection for Mycotoxins, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430062, China; Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Oilseeds Products (Wuhan), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430062, China; Quality Inspection and Test Center for Oilseeds Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430062, China
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Hassan M, Erbas Z, Alshana U, Soylak M. Ligandless reversed-phase switchable-hydrophilicity solvent liquid–liquid microextraction combined with flame-atomic absorption spectrometry for the determination of copper in oil samples. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.104868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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12
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Carabajal M, Teglia CM, Cerutti S, Culzoni MJ, Goicoechea HC. Applications of liquid-phase microextraction procedures to complex samples assisted by response surface methodology for optimization. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2019.104436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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13
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Song JG, Cao C, Li J, Xu YJ, Liu Y. Development and Validation of a QuEChERS-LC-MS/MS Method for the Analysis of Phenolic Compounds in Rapeseed Oil. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:4105-4112. [PMID: 30907591 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b00029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the determination of phenolic compounds in vegetable oil has aroused broad attention because these compounds have beneficial effects on health. In this work, a novel method based on the quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) method and LC-MS/MS was developed for the analysis of phenolic compounds. A total of 18 mL of acetonitrile, 3 mL of water, and 270 mg of C18 sorbent were utilized in the optimized QuEChERS procedure. The LC-MS/MS analysis was performed in a C18 column under gradient-elution conditions with eluent of acetonitrile and water with 0.1% acetic acid. The QuEChERS approach achieved decent extraction recoveries (75.32-103.93%) for most phenolic compounds. The QuEChERS-LC-MS/MS method was validated in terms of accuracy, precision, sensitivity, and linearity. The proposed method was further evaluated using different prepared rapeseed oils. The result demonstrated that QuEChERS-LC-MS/MS is a rapid and reliable method for determining phenolic compounds in rapeseed oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Ge Song
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province , Jiangnan University , 1800 Lihu Road , Wuxi , Jiangsu 214122 , People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province , Jiangnan University , 1800 Lihu Road , Wuxi , Jiangsu 214122 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jinwei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province , Jiangnan University , 1800 Lihu Road , Wuxi , Jiangsu 214122 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Jiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province , Jiangnan University , 1800 Lihu Road , Wuxi , Jiangsu 214122 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanfa Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province , Jiangnan University , 1800 Lihu Road , Wuxi , Jiangsu 214122 , People's Republic of China
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14
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Bentireche F, Guenane H, Yousfi M. Fatty Acids, the Unsaponifiable Matter, and Polyphenols as Criteria to Distinguish
Pistacia atlantica
Unripe Fruit Oil. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/aocs.12209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatna Bentireche
- Laboratoire des Sciences FondamentalesUniversité Amar Télidj, Route de Ghardaia Laghouat, 03000 Algeria
| | - Hamid Guenane
- Laboratoire des Sciences FondamentalesUniversité Amar Télidj, Route de Ghardaia Laghouat, 03000 Algeria
| | - Mohamed Yousfi
- Laboratoire des Sciences FondamentalesUniversité Amar Télidj, Route de Ghardaia Laghouat, 03000 Algeria
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15
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Tsimidou MZ, Sotiroglou M, Mastralexi A, Nenadis N, García-González DL, Gallina Toschi T. In House Validated UHPLC Protocol for the Determination of the Total Hydroxytyrosol and Tyrosol Content in Virgin Olive Oil Fit for the Purpose of the Health Claim Introduced by the EC Regulation 432/2012 for "Olive Oil Polyphenols". Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24061044. [PMID: 30884804 PMCID: PMC6471533 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24061044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
An ongoing challenge in olive oil analytics is the development of a reliable procedure that can draw the consensus of all interested parties regarding the quantification of concentrations above the required minimum value of 5 mg of bioactive “olive oil polyphenols” per 20 g of the oil, to fulfill the health claim introduced by the European Commission (EC) Regulation 432/2012. An in-house validated ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) protocol fit for this purpose is proposed. It relies on quantification of the total hydroxytyrsol (Htyr) and tyrosol (Tyr) content in the virgin olive oil (VOO) polar fraction (PF) before and after acidic hydrolysis of their bound forms. PF extraction and hydrolysis conditions were as previously reported. The chromatographic run lasts ~1/3 of the time needed under high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) conditions, this was also examined. Eluent consumption for the same piece of information was 6-fold less. Apart from being cost effective, a larger number of samples can be analyzed daily with less environmental impact. Two external curves, detection at 280 nm and correction factors for molecular weight difference are proposed. The method, which is fit for purpose, is selective, robust with satisfactory precision (percentage relative standard deviation (%RSD) values < 11%) and recoveries higher than 87.6% for the target analytes (Htyr, Tyr). Standard operational procedures are easy to apply in the olive oil sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Z Tsimidou
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Technology, School of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTH), 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Michaela Sotiroglou
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Technology, School of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTH), 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Aspasia Mastralexi
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Technology, School of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTH), 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Nikolaos Nenadis
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Technology, School of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTH), 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Diego L García-González
- Instituto de la Grasa (CSIC), Ctra. de Utrera, km. 1, Campus Universitario Pablo de Olavide-Building 46, 41013 Seville, Spain.
| | - Tullia Gallina Toschi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna (UNIBO), Piazza Goidanich, 60, I-47521 Cesena (FC), Italy.
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16
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Alipanahpour Dil E, Asfaram A, Sadeghfar F. Magnetic dispersive micro-solid phase extraction with the CuO/ZnO@Fe3O4-CNTs nanocomposite sorbent for the rapid pre-concentration of chlorogenic acid in the medical extract of plants, food, and water samples. Analyst 2019; 144:2684-2695. [DOI: 10.1039/c8an02484g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
CuO/ZnO@Fe3O4-CNTs-NC was synthesized and used as a sorbent in a MDMSPE method for the determination of chlorogenic acid in the medical extract of plants, food, and water samples.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arash Asfaram
- Medicinal Plants Research Center
- Yasuj University of Medical Sciences
- Yasuj
- Iran
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Wang H, Huang X, Qian H, Lu R, Zhang S, Zhou W, Gao H, Xu D. Vortex-assisted deep eutectic solvent reversed-phase liquid-liquid microextraction of triazine herbicides in edible vegetable oils. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1589:10-17. [PMID: 30591248 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.12.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, four triazine herbicides-namely, simazine, ametryn, prometryn and terbuthylazine-were separated and determined using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with ultraviolet detector (HPLC-UVD). The deep eutectic solvent (DES) formed by tetrabutylammonium chloride ([N4444]Cl, TBA) and ethylene glycol (EG) was selected as the extraction solvent of vortex-assisted reversed-phase liquid-liquid microextraction (VA-RPLLME). The application of the hydrophilic DES expands the range of choice for LLME. The experimental parameters affecting the extraction recoveries, including the amount of the DES, the sample volume and the vortex time, were investigated and optimized by the design of experiments (DoE) methodology. A quadratic model, namely central composite face-centered (CCF) design featuring 20 runs was used instead of the conventional trial and error approach. Under optimum conditions, the limits of determination (LODs) of the method were 0.60-1.50 μg L-1. The enrichment factors for the analytes ranged from 27 to 31. The extraction recoveries were in the range of 84.1-104.9%, and the intra-day, inter-day and intermediate relative standard deviations (RSDs) were less than 8.4%. Finally, the method was applied for the determination of triazine herbicides in vegetable oil samples. The obtained recoveries were in the range of 60.1-107.2% and RSDs were lower than 8.1%. In general, VA-RPLLME can be complementary to the present available methods for the determination of triazine herbicides in vegetable oil samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huazi Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2#, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaodong Huang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2#, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China; Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Vegetable Products (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture, NO.12 Zhongguancun South St., Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Heng Qian
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2#, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Runhua Lu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2#, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Sanbing Zhang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2#, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wenfeng Zhou
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2#, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Haixiang Gao
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2#, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Donghui Xu
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Vegetable Products (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture, NO.12 Zhongguancun South St., Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China.
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18
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Applications and opportunities of experimental design for the dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction method – A review. Talanta 2018; 190:335-356. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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19
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Salt-assisted liquid–liquid extraction coupled with reversed-phase dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction for sensitive HPLC determination of paraquat in environmental and food samples. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-018-9941-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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20
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Habibi H, Mohammadi A, Farhoodi M, Jazaeri S. Application and Optimization of Microwave-Assisted Extraction and Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction Followed by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography for the Determination of Oleuropein and Hydroxytyrosol in Olive Pomace. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-018-1279-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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21
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Fernández E, Vidal L, Canals A. Rapid determination of hydrophilic phenols in olive oil by vortex-assisted reversed-phase dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction and screen-printed carbon electrodes. Talanta 2018; 181:44-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.12.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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22
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Miralles P, Chisvert A, Alonso MJ, Hernandorena S, Salvador A. Determination of free formaldehyde in cosmetics containing formaldehyde-releasing preservatives by reversed-phase dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction and liquid chromatography with post-column derivatization. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1543:34-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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23
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Monasterio RP, Olmo-García L, Bajoub A, Fernández-Gutiérrez A, Carrasco-Pancorbo A. Phenolic Compounds Profiling of Virgin Olive Oils from Different Varieties Cultivated in Mendoza, Argentina, by Using Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:8184-8195. [PMID: 28806514 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b02664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to achieve a preliminary characterization of the profile of the phenolic fraction of virgin olive oils (VOOs) from Maipú (Mendoza, Argentina). Thus, 25 commercial VOO samples from Arauco, Arbequina, Picual, Frantoio, Changlot, Empeltre, Nevadillo, Manzanilla, and Coratina (both monovarietals and blends) were analyzed using LC-ESI-QTOF MS and LC-ESI-IT MS for identification and quantification purposes, respectively. A rapid LC method (15 min) accomplished quantitative information about a total of 40 phenolic compounds, including secoiridoid derivatives, which have not been evaluated before in samples coming from the subregion so-called Maipú (Mendoza province, Argentina). The results make evident that olive oils coming from Mendoza can be considered as important sources of phenolic bioactive compounds, exhibiting similar phenolic compound levels to those shown by oils from other typical world production regions. Moreover, some distinctive features of the Arauco variety (Argentinean autochthonous variety) were pointed out; indeed, a correlation between flavonoids content and botanical variety was established herewith.
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Affiliation(s)
- R P Monasterio
- Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza (IBAM), UNCuyo , CONICET. Alt. Brown 500, Chacras de Coria, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - L Olmo-García
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Granada , Ave. Fuentenueva, s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - A Bajoub
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Granada , Ave. Fuentenueva, s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - A Fernández-Gutiérrez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Granada , Ave. Fuentenueva, s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - A Carrasco-Pancorbo
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Granada , Ave. Fuentenueva, s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
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24
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Olmo-García L, Bajoub A, Monasterio RP, Fernández-Gutiérrez A, Carrasco-Pancorbo A. Metabolic profiling approach to determine phenolic compounds of virgin olive oil by direct injection and liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Food Chem 2017; 231:374-385. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.03.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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25
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Chisvert A, Benedé JL, Peiró M, Pedrón I, Salvador A. Determination of N-nitrosodiethanolamine in cosmetic products by reversed-phase dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction followed by liquid chromatography. Talanta 2017; 166:81-86. [PMID: 28213263 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 01/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A new analytical method for the determination of N-nitrosodiethanolamine (NDELA), a very harmful compound not allowed in cosmetic products, is presented. The method is based on a new approach of dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) useful for extraction of highly polar compounds, called reversed-phase DLLME (RP-DLLME), followed by liquid chromatography-ultraviolet/visible (LC-UV/Vis) determination. The variables involved in the RP-DLLME process were studied to provide the best enrichment factors. Under the optimized conditions, a mixture of 750µL of acetone (disperser solvent) and 125µL of water (extraction solvent) was rapidly injected into 5mL of toluene sample solution. The extracts were injected into the LC-UV/Vis system using ammonium acetate 0.02M as mobile phase. After chromatographic separation, the eluate passed throughout a photolysis unit in order to convert NDELA to nitrite, and then it was merged with a flow stream of Griess Reagent and passed throughout a post-column reactor at 50°C to derivatize nitrite into an azo-dye, which was finally measured spectrophotometrically at 540nm. The method was successfully validated showing good linearity, an enrichment factor of 31.5±0.9, limits of detection and quantification of 1.1 and 3.6ngmL-1, respectively, and a good repeatability (RSD <8%). Finally, the proposed analytical method was applied to the determination of NDELA in commercial cosmetic samples of different nature, specifically three lipophilic creams and a hydrophilic shower gel, with good relative recovery values (87 - 117%) thus showing that matrix effects are negligible. These results were compared with those obtained by applying the ISO 10130 official method, which uses the same detection approach. It was concluded that a great improvement in the sensitivity was achieved, whereas the use of organochlorine solvents is avoided and therefore it can be considered as a greener approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Chisvert
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Juan L Benedé
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - María Peiró
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Isabel Pedrón
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Amparo Salvador
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
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26
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Goudarzi N, Farsimadan S, Arab Chamjangali M, Bagherian GA. Development of coupled ultrasound-assisted and reversed-phase dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction before high-performance liquid chromatography for the sensitive determination of vitamin A and vitamin E in oil samples. J Sep Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201500522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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27
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Tsai CJ, Li JH, Feng CH. Dual dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction for determination of phenylpropenes in oils by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1410:60-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.07.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Revised: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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28
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Hosseini M, Heydari R, Alimoradi M. Reversed-phase vortex-assisted liquid-liquid microextraction: a new sample preparation method for the determination of amygdalin in oil and kernel samples. J Sep Sci 2015; 38:663-9. [PMID: 25521511 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201401172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Revised: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A novel, simple, and rapid reversed-phase vortex-assisted liquid-liquid microextraction coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography has been introduced for the extraction, clean-up, and preconcentration of amygdalin in oil and kernel samples. In this technique, deionized water was used as the extracting solvent. Unlike the reversed-phase dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction, dispersive solvent was eliminated in the proposed method. Various parameters that affected the extraction efficiency, such as extracting solvent volume and its pH, vortex, and centrifuging times were evaluated and optimized. The calibration curve shows good linearity (r(2) = 0.9955) and precision (RSD < 5.2%) in the range of 0.07-20 μg/mL. The limit of detection and limit of quantitation were 0.02 and 0.07 μg/mL, respectively. The recoveries were in the range of 96.0-102.0% with relative standard deviation values ranging from 4.0 to 5.1%. Unlike the conventional extraction methods for plant extracts, no evaporative and re-solubilizing operations were needed in the proposed technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hosseini
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Arak Branch, Arak, Iran
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29
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Bresin B, Piol M, Fabbro D, Mancini MA, Casetta B, Del Bianco C. Analysis of organo-chlorine pesticides residue in raw coffee with a modified “quick easy cheap effective rugged and safe” extraction/clean up procedure for reducing the impact of caffeine on the gas chromatography–mass spectrometry measurement. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1376:167-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Revised: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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30
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Magnetic ionic liquid-based dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction for the determination of triazine herbicides in vegetable oils by liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1373:9-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2014] [Revised: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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31
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Bataglion GA, da Silva FM, Eberlin MN, Koolen HH. Simultaneous quantification of phenolic compounds in buriti fruit (Mauritia flexuosa L.f.) by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. Food Res Int 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2014.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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32
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Miralles P, Chisvert A, Salvador A. Determination of hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol by liquid chromatography for the quality control of cosmetic products based on olive extracts. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2014; 102:157-61. [PMID: 25277667 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2014.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Revised: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
An analytical method for the simultaneous determination of hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol in different types of olive extract raw materials and cosmetic cream samples has been developed. The determination was performed by liquid chromatography with UV spectrophotometric detection. Different chromatographic parameters, such as mobile phase pH and composition, oven temperature and different sample preparation variables were studied. The best chromatographic separation was obtained under the following conditions: C18 column set at 35°C and isocratic elution of a mixture ethanol: 1% acetic acid solution at pH 5 (5:95, v/v) as mobile phase pumped at 1 mL min(-1). The detection wavelength was set at 280 nm and the total run time required for the chromatographic analysis was 10 min, except for cosmetic cream samples where 20 min runtime was required (including a cleaning step). The method was satisfactorily applied to 23 samples including solid, water-soluble and fat-soluble olive extracts and cosmetic cream samples containing hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol. Good recoveries (95-107%) and repeatability (1.1-3.6%) were obtained, besides of limits of detection values below the μg mL(-1) level. These good analytical features, as well as its environmentally-friendly characteristics, make the presented method suitable to carry out both the control of the whole manufacture process of raw materials containing the target analytes and the quality control of the finished cosmetic products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Miralles
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de Química, Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Alberto Chisvert
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de Química, Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Amparo Salvador
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de Química, Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
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33
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Nojavan S, Gorji T, Davarani SSH, Morteza-Najarian A. Solvent selection in ultrasonic-assisted emulsification microextraction: Comparison between high- and low-density solvents by means of novel type of extraction vessel. Anal Chim Acta 2014; 838:51-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2014.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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