1
|
Pálešová N, Bláhová L, Janoš T, Řiháčková K, Pindur A, Šebejová L, Čupr P. Exposure to benzotriazoles and benzothiazoles in Czech male population and its associations with biomarkers of liver function, serum lipids and oxidative stress. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2024; 97:523-536. [PMID: 38546760 PMCID: PMC11130049 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-024-02059-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Benzotriazoles and benzothiazoles (BTs) are high-production volume chemicals as well as widely distributed emerging pollutants with potential health risk. However, information about human exposure to BTs and associated health outcomes is limited. OBJECTIVE We aimed to characterise exposure to BTs among Czech men, including possible occupational exposure among firefighters, its predictors, and its associations with liver function, serum lipids and oxidative stress. METHODS 165 participants (including 110 firefighters) provided urine and blood samples that were used to quantify the urinary levels of 8 BTs (high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry), and 4 liver enzymes, cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine. Linear regression was used to assess associations with population characteristics and biomarkers of liver function, serum lipids and oxidative stress. Regression models were adjusted for potential confounding variables and false discovery rate procedure was applied to account for multiplicity. RESULTS The BTs ranged from undetected up to 46.8 ng/mL. 2-hydroxy-benzothiazole was the most predominant compound (detection frequency 83%; median 1.95 ng/mL). 1-methyl-benzotriazole (1M-BTR) was measured in human samples for the first time, with a detection frequency 77% and median 1.75 ng/mL. Professional firefighters had lower urinary 1M-BTR compared to non-firefighters. Urinary 1M-BTR was associated with levels of γ-glutamyl transferase (β = - 17.54%; 95% CI: - 26.127, - 7.962). CONCLUSION This is the first study to investigate BT exposure in Central Europe, including potentially exposed firefighters. The findings showed a high prevalence of BTs in the study population, the relevance of 1M-BTR as a new biomarker of exposure, and an urgent need for further research into associated adverse health outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nina Pálešová
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Bláhová
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Janoš
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Katarína Řiháčková
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Pindur
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Sports Studies, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
- Training Centre of Fire Rescue Service, General Directorate of Fire Rescue Service of the Czech Republic, Ministry of the Interior, Trnkova 85, 628 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ludmila Šebejová
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Čupr
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Grazioso T, Javanmardi H, Pawliszyn J. Sequential thin film microextraction and overcoated thin film microextraction devices for characterization of sparkling wine aroma profiles and partitioning equilibria. Food Chem 2024; 458:140225. [PMID: 38970951 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
Solid Phase Microextraction (SPME) is a commonly used, robust method for characterization of aroma profiles in food matrices. However, challenges such as saturation, swelling, and competition can occur when sampling such complex matrices, resulting in decreased accuracy in the quantitation of polar compounds. In this study, sequential thin film micro-extraction (TFME) was employed to study the aroma profile of sparkling wine, with a focus to evaluate the displacement of polar analytes at extraction times longer than their corresponding equilibrium time. This investigation also describes advancements in the production of TFME devices, specifically the overcoating of hydrophilic-lipophilic balance/polydimethylsiloxane (HLB/PDMS) thin films to increase their matrix compatibility. Sequential thin film micro-extraction and overcoated HLB/PDMS thin films were evaluated for characterization of sparkling wine samples. The results were encouraging, showing that these advancements can decrease competition phenomena and increase the calibration linearity range compared to traditional micro-extraction approaches more commonly used for the characterization of such samples. In addition, multiphase equilibria investigation involving micellar systems enabled by the microextraction technology provides better understanding between wine aroma and its composition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Grazioso
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Hasan Javanmardi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Janusz Pawliszyn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tkalec Ž, Runkel AA, Kosjek T, Horvat M, Heath E. Contaminants of emerging concern in urine: a review of analytical methods for determining diisocyanates, benzotriazoles, benzothiazoles, 4-methylbenzylidene camphor, isothiazolinones, fragrances, and non-phthalate plasticizers. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:95106-95138. [PMID: 37597142 PMCID: PMC10482756 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29070-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
Human biomonitoring (HBM) frameworks assess human exposure to hazardous chemicals. In this review, we discuss and summarize sample preparation procedures and analytical methodology for six groups of chemicals of emerging concern (CECs), namely diisocyanates, benzotriazoles, benzothiazoles, 4-methylbenzylidene camphor, isothiazolinones, fragrances, and non-phthalate plasticizers, which are increasingly detected in urine, however, are not yet widely included in HBM schemes, despite posing a risk to human health. The sample preparation procedures depend largely on the chemical group; however, solid-phase extraction (SPE) is most often used due to the minimized sample handling, lower sample volume, and generally achieving lower limits of quantification (LOQs) compared to other extraction techniques. In terms of sample analysis, LC-based methods generally achieve lower limits of quantification (LOQs) compared to GC-based methods for the selected six groups of chemicals owing to their broader chemical coverage. In conclusion, since these chemicals are expected to be more frequently included in future HBM studies, it becomes evident that there is a pressing need for rigorous quality assurance programs to ensure better comparability of data. These programs should include the reporting of measurement uncertainty and facilitate inter-laboratory comparisons among the reporting laboratories. In addition, high-resolution mass spectrometry should be more commonly employed to enhance the specificity and selectivity of the applied analytical methodology since it is underrepresented in HBM. Furthermore, due to the scarcity of data on the levels of these CECs in urine, large population HBM studies are necessary to gain a deeper understanding of the associated risks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Žiga Tkalec
- Department of Environmental Sciences (O2), Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Agneta Annika Runkel
- Department of Environmental Sciences (O2), Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tina Kosjek
- Department of Environmental Sciences (O2), Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova cesta 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Milena Horvat
- Department of Environmental Sciences (O2), Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova cesta 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ester Heath
- Department of Environmental Sciences (O2), Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova cesta 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Assessment of benzothiazoles, benzotriazoles and benzenesulfonamides in environmental waters using an optimized combination of microextraction by packed sorbent with programmed temperature vaporization-gas chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry. Talanta 2023; 258:124410. [PMID: 36878086 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
This work proposes a new method for the quantification of benzothiazoles (BTs), benzotriazoles (BTRs), and benzenesulfonamides (BSAs) in tap water, river water, and wastewater. The protocol involved the use of microextraction by packed sorbent (MEPS), applied for the first time for the extraction of the target analytes, combined with programmed temperature vaporization-gas chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (PTV-GC-QqQ-MS). Considering the synergism between MEPS extraction and PTV injection, the experimental variables affecting their performance were simultaneously optimized by "experimental design", while principal component analysis (PCA) was used to find the overall optimal working conditions. Response surface methodology was used to gain a comprehensive understanding of the effects of working variables on method performance. The developed method achieved very good linearities and satisfactory intra- and inter-day accuracies and precisions. The protocol permitted the detection of the target molecules with limit of detection (LODs) values between 0.005 and 0.85 μg/L. The green character of the procedure was evaluated using three metrics: "Analytical Eco-Scale", "Green Analytical Procedure Index" (GAPI), and "Analytical Greenness metric for sample preparation (AGREEprep). The satisfactory results obtained with real water samples demonstrate the applicability of the method for monitoring campaigns and exposome studies.
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhao ML, Chen Y, Yang GP, Chen R. Simultaneous determination of benzothiazoles, benzotriazoles, and benzotriazole UV absorbers by solid-phase extraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:45315-45330. [PMID: 36702982 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25503-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Benzotriazoles (BTRs), benzothiazoles (BTHs), and benzotriazole ultraviolet absorbers (BUVs) are common products in plastic rubber and personal care products. Due to their toxicity and bioaccumulation, they have been identified as emerging contaminants (ECs) in the environment. Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and solid-phase extraction (SPE) combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) were used for the enrichment and detection of the contaminants in seawater and sediment, respectively. The conditions of SPE and SPME were optimized in terms of material, temperature, time, pH, ionic strength, extraction solvent, and elution solvent. Although SPME requires a small sample volume, it is not reliable for the extraction efficiency and reproducibility of BTHs, BTRs, and BUVs in seawater. However, the precision of SPE-GC-MS for the determination of BTHs, BTRs, and BUVs was around 10%, with recoveries of 67.40-102.3% and 77.35-101.8% in seawater and sediment, respectively. The limits of detection of 14 contaminants in seawater and sediment were 0.03-0.47 ng/L and 0.01-0.58 ng/g, respectively. Secondly, BTHs, BTRs, and BUVs were detected with low ecological risk when SPE-GC-MS was applied to the analysis of seawater and sediment samples from the Yangtze estuary and its adjacent areas. The SPE-GC-MS was highly precise with lower detection limits relative to previous studies and thus was able to meet the requirements for the detection of BTHs, BTRs, and BUVs in seawater and sediments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Liang Zhao
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, and Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, and Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Gui-Peng Yang
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, and Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
- Institute of Marine Chemistry, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Rong Chen
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, and Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
de Mendonça Ochs S, Souza TM, Sobrinho RDL, de Oliveira RB, Bernardes MC, Netto ADP. Simultaneous evaluation of benzotriazoles, benzothiazoles and benzenesulfonamides in water samples from the impacted urban Jacarepaguá Lagoon System (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) by liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 858:160033. [PMID: 36356777 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Benzotriazoles, benzothiazoles, and benzenesulfonamides are emerging pollutants stable in aquatic media emitted by anthropogenic sources. Selected compounds of these classes were evaluated in the impacted urban Jacarepaguá Lagoon System (JLS) located in a tropical coastal region of Rio de Janeiro City, Brazil that has experienced a rapid expansion of urban occupation and environmental degradation in recent decades, and it represents a pioneering study of these compounds carried out in Brazilian areas. A method of solid phase extraction followed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray tandem mass-spectrometry was implemented to evaluate water samples collected in different water bodies (rivers, lagoons, and channels) of the JLS from March 2017 to May 2018. Limits of quantification (LOQs) ≤ 10.0 ng L-1, method linearity up to 1000 μg L-1, and recoveries between 62 and 121 % at three different levels were obtained. Individual concentrations varied from < LOQ to 5260 ng L-1 (benzotriazole, in May 2018) which also predominated in all river samples. 2-mercaptobenzothiazole predominated in samples taken in lagoons and channels in March 2017, and 2-aminobenzothiazole was never detected. River samples showed total concentrations up to 30 times larger in all sampling campaigns, except March 2017 when the sample taken at Tijuca Lagoon showed the largest total concentration of the compounds studied due to the largest concentration of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (2505 ng L-1) found in this study. Principal component analysis (PCA) using only composition data was unable to distinguish samples from rivers, and lagoons and channels, but a PCA combining composition data and environmental parameters (pH, Eh, dissolved O2 concentration, temperature, salinity, and conductivity) discriminated the samples according to two groups: rivers and lagoons and channels. The Joá Channel flows directly to the open sea and our data allowed a (preliminary) estimation of the total mass flows of the studied compounds to the open sea, which would vary between 1702 g day-1 (March 2017) to 106 g day-1 (May 2018) and allowed a preliminary estimative based on the geometric mean of input of 87.9 kg year-1, indicating the importance of the drainage area to the contamination of the coastal area, and consequently to ocean pollution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soraya de Mendonça Ochs
- FIOCRUZ, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Nacional de Controle de Qualidade em Saúde - INCQS, Departamento de Química, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Rio de Janeiro, RJ CEP 21040-360, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Instituto de Química (PPGQ), Universidade Federal Fluminense, Outeiro de São João Batista, s/n, Valonguinho, Centro, Niterói, RJ CEP 24020-141, Brazil
| | - Thallis Martins Souza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Instituto de Química (PPGQ), Universidade Federal Fluminense, Outeiro de São João Batista, s/n, Valonguinho, Centro, Niterói, RJ CEP 24020-141, Brazil; FIOCRUZ, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos (Bio-Manguinhos), Departamento de Controle de Qualidade, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo de Lima Sobrinho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geoquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ CEP 24020-141, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo B de Oliveira
- INMETRO, Instituto Nacional de Metrologia, Qualidade e Tecnologia, Av. Nossa Senhora das Graças, 50, Xerém, Duque de Caxias, CEP: 25250-020, RJ, Brazil; Departamento de Polícia Federal, Instituto Nacional de Criminalística, SAIS Quadra 07 Lote 23, Setor Policial Sul, CEP 70610-902, DF, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Corrêa Bernardes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Instituto de Química (PPGQ), Universidade Federal Fluminense, Outeiro de São João Batista, s/n, Valonguinho, Centro, Niterói, RJ CEP 24020-141, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geoquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ CEP 24020-141, Brazil
| | - Annibal Duarte Pereira Netto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Instituto de Química (PPGQ), Universidade Federal Fluminense, Outeiro de São João Batista, s/n, Valonguinho, Centro, Niterói, RJ CEP 24020-141, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Alimentos e Nutrição (PPGAN), Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Pasteur, 296, Rio de Janeiro, RJ CEP 22290-240, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Development and validation of a simultaneous method for the analysis of benzothiazoles and organic ultraviolet filters in various environmental matrices by GC-MS/MS. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:6541-6555. [PMID: 35819475 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04212-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
The presence of benzothiazoles (BTHs) and organic ultraviolet filters (UV filters) in aquatic ecosystems has emerged as a significant environmental issue, requiring urgent and efficient determination methods. A new, rapid, and sensitive determination method using gas chromatography triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (GC-MS/MS) was developed for the simultaneous extraction and analysis of 10 commonly used BTHs and 10 organic UV filters in surface water, wastewater, sediment, and sludge. For aqueous samples, solid-phase extraction (SPE) method was employed with optimizing of SPE cartridge type, pH, and elution solvent. For solid samples, ultrasonic extraction-solid-phase extraction purification (UE-SPE) and pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) methods were compared. And extraction conditions for ultrasonic extraction method (extraction solvents and extraction times) and PLE method (extraction temperatures and extraction cycles) were optimized. The limits of quantification for the 20 target compounds in surface water and wastewater were 0.01-2.12 ng/L and 0.05-6.14 ng/L, while those for sediment and sludge with UE-SPE method were 0.04-5.88 ng/g and 0.22-6.61 ng/g, respectively. Among the 20 target compounds, the recoveries ranged from 70 to 130% were obtained for 16, 15, 15, and 15 analytes in the matrix-spiked samples of surface water, wastewater, sediment, and sludge with three levels, respectively. And the precision was also acceptable with relative standard deviation (RSD) below 20% for all analytes. The developed methods were applied for the determination and quantification of target compounds in surface water, sediment, wastewater, and sludge samples collected from two wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and the Pearl River in Guangzhou, China. BTHs were frequently detected in surface water and wastewater, while UV filters were mainly found in sediment and sludge. Benzotriazole (BT) and 2-hydroxybenzothiazole (2-OH-BTH) were the two major BTHs in influent wastewater and surface water, respectively, with concentrations up to 966 and 189 ng/L. As for sediment and sludge, 2-(2'-hydroxy-5'-octylphenyl)-benzotriazole (UV-329) was a predominant chemical, detected at concentrations of 111 and 151 ng/g, respectively.
Collapse
|
8
|
Yang C, He S, Lu S, Liao X, Song Y, Chen ZF, Zhang G, Li R, Dong C, Qi Z, Cai Z. Pollution characteristics, exposure assessment and potential cardiotoxicities of PM 2.5-bound benzotriazole and its derivatives in typical Chinese cities. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 809:151132. [PMID: 34695464 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Benzotriazole and its derivatives (BTRs), classified as high-volume production chemicals, have been widely detected in various environmental media, including the atmosphere, water, soil and dust, as well as organisms. However, studies on the pollution characteristics and health impact of PM2.5 related BTRs are so far limited. This study is the first to demonstrate the regional scale distribution of PM2.5-bound BTRs and their potential cardiotoxicities. Optimized methods of extraction, purification and GC-EI-MS/MS were applied to characterize and analyze PM2.5-bound BTRs from three cities in China during the winter of 2018. The concentration of ∑BTRs in Taiyuan (6.28 ng·m-3) was more than three times that in Shanghai (1.53 ng·m-3) and Guangzhou (1.99 ng·m-3). Benzotriazole (BTR) and 5-methyl-1H-benzotriazole (5TTR) contributed more than 80% of ∑BTRs concentration as the major pollutants among three cities. The correlation analysis indicated that there was a positive correlation between temperature and concentration of BTR and a negative correlation between temperature and concentration of 5TTR. In addition, the risk of BTRs exposure to toddlers should be paid more attention in Taiyuan by the human exposure assessment. Furthermore, toxicity screening by experimental methods indicated that 4-methyl-1H-benzotriazole (4TTR) was the most harmful to cardiomyocytes. The western blot assay showed a ROS-mediated mitochondrial apoptosis signaling pathway was activated after exposure to 4TTR in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs). On the other hand, metabolomics revealed that exposure of 4TTR to NRCMs disturbed mitochondrial energy metabolism by disturbing pantothenate and coenzyme A synthesis pathway. Our study not only clarifies the contamination profiles of PM2.5-bound BTRs in typical Chinese cities but also reveals their cardiotoxicities associated with mitochondrial dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun Yang
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shiyao He
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shimin Lu
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaoliang Liao
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yuanyuan Song
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhi-Feng Chen
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Guoxia Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Ruijin Li
- Institute of Environmental Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Chuan Dong
- Institute of Environmental Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zenghua Qi
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Zongwei Cai
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Naccarato A, Tassone A, Martino M, Elliani R, Sprovieri F, Pirrone N, Tagarelli A. An innovative green protocol for the quantification of benzothiazoles, benzotriazoles and benzosulfonamides in PM 10 using microwave-assisted extraction coupled with solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 285:117487. [PMID: 34090069 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Benzothiazoles (BTHs), benzotriazoles (BTRs), and benzenesulfonamides (BSAs) are chemicals used in several industrial and household applications. Despite these compounds are emerging pollutants, there is still a lack of information about their presence in outdoor air samples. In this paper, we developed a new method for the quantification of BTHs, BTRs, and BSAs in airborne particulate matter (PM10). The extraction of fourteen analytes from PM10 was accomplished by microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) using an environmentally friendly mixture of water and ethanol. SPME was used to analyze the target compounds from the MAE extract by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (SPME-GC-MS/MS), eliminating additional sample clean-up steps. The best working conditions for MAE and SPME were examined multivariately by experimental design techniques. The target compounds were quantified in selected reaction monitoring acquisition mode. The proposed method was carefully validated, and the achieved results were satisfactory in terms of linearity, lower limit of quantification (picograms per cubic meter), intra- and inter-day accuracy (81-118% and 82-114%, respectively), and precision (repeatability and reproducibility in the range 2.3-17% and 7.4-19%, respectively). The application in a real monitoring campaign showed that the developed protocol is a valuable and eco-friendly alternative to the methods proposed so far.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Attilio Naccarato
- CNR-Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research, Division of Rende, UNICAL-Polifunzionale, I-87036, Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Antonella Tassone
- CNR-Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research, Division of Rende, UNICAL-Polifunzionale, I-87036, Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Maria Martino
- CNR-Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research, Division of Rende, UNICAL-Polifunzionale, I-87036, Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Rosangela Elliani
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università della Calabria, Via P. Bucci Cubo 12/C, I-87036, Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Francesca Sprovieri
- CNR-Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research, Division of Rende, UNICAL-Polifunzionale, I-87036, Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Nicola Pirrone
- CNR-Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research, Division of Rende, UNICAL-Polifunzionale, I-87036, Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Antonio Tagarelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università della Calabria, Via P. Bucci Cubo 12/C, I-87036, Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Li YJ, Ding WH. Determination of benzotriazole and benzothiazole derivatives in human urine by eco-friendly deep eutectic solvent-based ultrasound-assisted liquid-liquid microextraction followed by ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 284:117530. [PMID: 34261225 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Benzotriazole (BTRs) and benzothiazole (BTHs) derivatives have been classified as high production volume pollutants of emerging concern. The present work describes a rapid and simple process using an eco-friendly deep eutectic solvent (DES) based-ultrasound-assisted liquid-liquid microextraction (DES-UALLME) technique to effectively extract five BTRs and four BTHs in human urine samples, and then applying ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography and electrospray ionization (+)-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI(+)-QTOF-MS) for their detection and quantification. DESs are a group of novel "green" solvents, and their applications in sample pretreatment are appropriate for the requirements for green chemistry, environmental protection and sustainable development. Furthermore, to overcome the challenges related to different experimental conditions, multivariate experimental design approaches conducted by means of a multilevel categorical design and a Box-Behnken Design were applied to screen and optimize parameters that have significant influences on the extraction efficiency of DES-UALLME. After optimization, the method was validated and shown to possess low limits of quantitation (LOQs; 0.4 - 9 ng mL-1), high precision (3-12%), and high accuracy (mean spiked recoveries; 80-101%). The developed method was then successfully applied for the analysis of BTRs and BTHs in human urine samples. Interestingly, 5,6-dimethyl-1H-benzotriazole (XTR) was detected in almost all of the urine samples, which correlates with its high production and widely applications in industry processes and consumer products in Taiwan. These target analytes could potentially be used as biomarkers to assess exposure of BTRs and BTHs in biomonitoring programs and studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Jou Li
- Department of Chemistry, National Central University, Chung-Li, 320, Taiwan
| | - Wang-Hsien Ding
- Department of Chemistry, National Central University, Chung-Li, 320, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kraševec I, Prosen H. Determination of polar benzotriazoles in aqueous environmental samples by hollow-fibre microextraction method with LC-MS/MS and its comparison to a conventional solid-phase extraction method. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
12
|
Kotowska U, Struk-Sokołowska J, Piekutin J. Simultaneous determination of low molecule benzotriazoles and benzotriazole UV stabilizers in wastewater by ultrasound-assisted emulsification microextraction followed by GC-MS detection. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10098. [PMID: 33980908 PMCID: PMC8114919 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89529-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
A rapid, sensitive, economically and ecologically friendly method based on one-step ultrasound-assisted emulsification microextraction and in situ derivatization followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for simultaneous determination of low molecular benzotriazoles and benzotriazole-based ultraviolet filters was developed. The optimized method allows quantification of benzotriazole, 4-methylbenzotriazole, 5-methylbenzotriazole; 5-chlorobenzotriazole, 2-(2'-hydroxy-3'-tert-butyl-5'-methylphenyl)-5-chlorobenzortriazole and 2-(2'-hydroxy-5'-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)phenyl)benzotriazole in municipal and industrial (dairy) wastewater. The method was validated using real influent and effluent wastewater and samples at various stages of the purification process. Relative recoveries obtained using wastewater as sample matrix were between 77 and 137%, method limits of detection from 0.001 to 0.035 µg/L, method limits of quantification from 0.003 to 0.116 µg/L, the repeatability expressed by the coefficient of variation did not exceed 12%. The use of the method for the determination of tested compounds in municipal and industrial wastewater showed their presence in most of the tested samples, in concentrations from LoD to 6.110 µg/L. The conducted studies of samples from municipal wastewater treatment plant located in north-east Poland showed that the effectiveness of benzotriazole removal by this plant wasfrom 29 to 84%. The load of tested compounds released into the environment by this facility ranges from 2 to 269 mg/day/1000 inhabitants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Urszula Kotowska
- Department of Analytical and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bialystok, Ciołkowskiego 1K Street, 15-245, Białystok, Poland.
| | - Joanna Struk-Sokołowska
- Department of Environmental Engineering Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45E, 15-351, Białystok, Poland
| | - Janina Piekutin
- Department of Environmental Engineering Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45E, 15-351, Białystok, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ao YT, Chen YC, Ding WH. Deep eutectic solvent-based ultrasound-assisted emulsification microextraction for the rapid determination of benzotriazole and benzothiazole derivatives in surface water samples. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 401:123383. [PMID: 32763686 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This work describes a simple and environmental-friendly method for the simultaneous determination of five benzotriazole derivatives (BTRs) and four benzothiazole derivatives (BTs) that are frequently found in surface water. The target analytes were efficiently extracted from water samples using a "green" deep eutectic solvent (DES) as the extraction solvent based- ultrasound-assisted emulsification microextraction (DES-USAEME), and their determination were performed by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography and electrospray ionization (+)-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI(+)-QToF-MS). The DES was composed of a mixture of choline chloride and phenol (molar ratio 1:2). The DES-USAEME factors were optimized by a Box-Behnken Design coupled response surface methodology. The developed method was validated, providing limits of quantitation (LOQs; 02 μg L-1), high precisions (1-8%), and satisfactory mean spiked recoveries (72-104 %). Relatively high total concentrations of the target analytes were found in samples collected from a reservoir (47.2-101.3 μg L-1), which may have been released from tire-wear particles and scrap tires from buses and old tires that were strung alongside the shuttle boats to prevent the boats from coming into contact with each other or from impacting against the dock during docking. This is the first study on the occurrence of BTRs and BTs in reservoir samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ting Ao
- Department of Chemistry, National Central University, Chung-Li 320, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Chih Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Central University, Chung-Li 320, Taiwan
| | - Wang-Hsien Ding
- Department of Chemistry, National Central University, Chung-Li 320, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kim U, Karthikraj R. Solid‐phase microextraction for the human biomonitoring of environmental chemicals: Current applications and future perspectives. J Sep Sci 2020; 44:247-273. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202000830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Un‐Jung Kim
- Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences University of Texas at Arlington Arlington Texas USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Marrubini G, Dugheri S, Cappelli G, Arcangeli G, Mucci N, Appelblad P, Melzi C, Speltini A. Experimental designs for solid-phase microextraction method development in bioanalysis: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1119:77-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
16
|
Ahmad SM, Calado BB, Oliveira MN, Neng NR, Nogueira J. Bar Adsorptive Microextraction Coated with Carbon-based Phase Mixtures for Performance-Enhancement to Monitor Selected Benzotriazoles, Benzothiazoles, and Benzenesulfonamides in Environmental Water Matrices. Molecules 2020; 25:E2133. [PMID: 32370134 PMCID: PMC7248745 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25092133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
: In the present work we propose, for the first time, bar adsorptive microextraction coated with carbon-based phase mixtures, followed by microliquid desorption and high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection (BAμE-μLD/HPLC-DAD) analysis, to enhance the performance of the determination of traces of benzotriazoles (BTRs), benzothiazoles (BTs), and benzenesulfonamide derivatives (BSDs) in environmental water matrices. Assessing six carbon-based sorbents (CA1, CN1, B test EUR, SX PLUS, SX 1, and R) with different selectivity properties allowed us to tailor the best phase mixture (R, 12.5%/CN1, 87.5%) that has convenient porosity, texture, and surface chemistry (pHPZC,mix ~6.5) for trace analysis of benzenesulfonamide, 1-hydroxybenzotriazole, 1H-benzotriazole, 5-methyl-1H-benzotriazole, benzothiazole, and 1,3-benzothiazol-2-ol chemicals in aqueous media. Optimized experimental conditions provided average recoveries ranging from 37.9% to 59.2%, appropriate linear dynamic ranges (5.0 to 120.0 µg L-1; r2 ≥ 0.9964), limits of detection between 1.0 and 1.4 μg L-1, and good precisions (relative standard deviation (RSD) ≤ 9.3%). The proposed methodology (BAμE(R, 12.5%/CN1, 87.5%)-μLD/HPLC-DAD) also proved to be a suitable sorption-based static microextraction alternative to monitor traces of BTRs, BTs, and BSDs in rain, waste, tap, and estuarine water samples. From the data obtained, the proposed approach showed that the BAμE technique with the addition of lab-made devices allows users to adapt the technique to use sorbents or mixtures of sorbents with the best selectivity characteristics whenever distinct classes of target analytes occur simultaneously in the same application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samir M. Ahmad
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; (S.M.A.); (B.B.C.C.); (M.N.O.)
| | - Bruno B.C. Calado
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; (S.M.A.); (B.B.C.C.); (M.N.O.)
| | - Mariana N. Oliveira
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; (S.M.A.); (B.B.C.C.); (M.N.O.)
| | - Nuno R. Neng
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; (S.M.A.); (B.B.C.C.); (M.N.O.)
- Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - J.M.F. Nogueira
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; (S.M.A.); (B.B.C.C.); (M.N.O.)
- Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Recent Applications and Newly Developed Strategies of Solid-Phase Microextraction in Contaminant Analysis: Through the Environment to Humans. SEPARATIONS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/separations6040054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The present review aims to describe the recent and most impactful applications in pollutant analysis using solid-phase microextraction (SPME) technology in environmental, food, and bio-clinical analysis. The covered papers were published in the last 5 years (2014–2019) thus providing the reader with information about the current state-of-the-art and the future potential directions of the research in pollutant monitoring using SPME. To this end, we revised the studies focused on the investigation of persistent organic pollutants (POPs), pesticides, and emerging pollutants (EPs) including personal care products (PPCPs), in different environmental, food, and bio-clinical matrices. We especially emphasized the role that SPME is having in contaminant surveys following the path that goes from the environment to humans passing through the food web. Besides, this review covers the last technological developments encompassing the use of novel extraction coatings (e.g., metal-organic frameworks, covalent organic frameworks, PDMS-overcoated fiber), geometries (e.g., Arrow-SPME, multiple monolithic fiber-SPME), approaches (e.g., vacuum and cold fiber SPME), and on-site devices. The applications of SPME hyphenated with ambient mass spectrometry have also been described.
Collapse
|
18
|
|
19
|
Hidalgo‐Serrano M, Borrull F, Marcé RM, Pocurull E. Presence of benzotriazoles, benzothiazoles and benzenesulfonamides in surface water samples by liquid chromatography coupled to high‐resolution mass spectrometry. SEPARATION SCIENCE PLUS 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/sscp.201800140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Míriam Hidalgo‐Serrano
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Organic ChemistryUniversitat Rovira i Virgili Tarragona Spain
| | - Francesc Borrull
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Organic ChemistryUniversitat Rovira i Virgili Tarragona Spain
| | - Rosa M. Marcé
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Organic ChemistryUniversitat Rovira i Virgili Tarragona Spain
| | - Eva Pocurull
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Organic ChemistryUniversitat Rovira i Virgili Tarragona Spain
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Humic Acids Pyrolyzed onto Silica Microparticles for Solid-Phase Extraction of Benzotriazoles and Benzothiazoles from Environmental Waters. Chromatographia 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-019-03699-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
|
21
|
Grandy JJ, Singh V, Lashgari M, Gauthier M, Pawliszyn J. Development of a Hydrophilic Lipophilic Balanced Thin Film Solid Phase Microextraction Device for Balanced Determination of Volatile Organic Compounds. Anal Chem 2018; 90:14072-14080. [PMID: 30372047 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b04544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan J. Grandy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L3G1, Canada
| | - Varoon Singh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L3G1, Canada
| | - Maryam Lashgari
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L3G1, Canada
| | - Mario Gauthier
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L3G1, Canada
| | - Janusz Pawliszyn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L3G1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Kraševec I, Prosen H. Solid-Phase Extraction of Polar Benzotriazoles as Environmental Pollutants: A Review. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23102501. [PMID: 30274289 PMCID: PMC6222494 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23102501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Polar benzotriazoles are corrosion inhibitors with widespread use; they are environmentally characterized as emerging pollutants in the water system, where they are present in low concentrations. Various extraction methods have been used for their separation from various matrices, ranging from classical liquid–liquid extractions to various microextraction techniques, but the most frequently applied extraction technique remains the solid-phase extraction (SPE), which is the focus of this review. We present an overview of the methods, developed in the last decade, applied for the determination of benzotriazoles in aqueous and solid environmental samples. Several other matrices, such as human urine and plant material, are also considered in the text. The methods are reviewed according to the determined compounds, sample matrices, cartridges and eluents used, extraction recoveries and the achieved limits of quantification. A critical evaluation of the advantages and drawbacks of the published methods is given.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ida Kraševec
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Helena Prosen
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Ye W, Huang H, Yang W, Wang X, Ren C, Hu Q, Li Y, Ren B. Ultrathin polydopamine film coated gold nanoparticles: a sensitive, uniform, and stable SHINERS substrate for detection of benzotriazole. Analyst 2018; 142:3459-3467. [PMID: 28829076 DOI: 10.1039/c7an00675f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
In shell-isolated nanoparticle (NP)-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SHINERS), traditional metal oxide-based shells have inferior chemical inertness, they require strict preparation conditions, and lack specific groups, which lead to their poor selectivity toward target molecules. In this study, ultrathin and compact gold (Au)@polydopamine (PDA) SHINERS NPs were successfully fabricated by a simple self-polymerization technique. High wrapping tendency of PDA, a multifunctional biopolymer, favored the fabrication process. Au@PDA NPs exhibited a typical shell-isolated effect, i.e., Au@PDA NPs with a thick shell (more than 2.3 nm) showed a lower SERS activity, while those with an ultrathin (1.3 nm) shell exhibited higher SERS activity compared to uncoated Au NPs. The Au@PDA SHINERS substrate shows high performance in terms of sensitivity, uniformity, and stability. The relative standard deviations (RSDs) of SERS intensities from ten positions on the same substrate were less than 4%. Their Raman intensities dropped by only 15% over two months. More importantly, the Au@PDA (1.3 nm) SHINERS substrate exhibited high SERS activity for label-free and quantitative detection of benzotriazole (BTA), an important corrosion inhibitor, through utilizing a presumed π-π stacking interaction. A broad linear range from 10-4 to 10-8 M was achieved with a low detection limit (LOD) of 1 nM (0.119 μg L-1). The LOD was not only significantly lower than the maximum allowable level (20 μg L-1) of the Australian government water guide, but also lower than that of some modern methods such as fluorescence, liquid chromatography, and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Furthermore, the substrate showed excellent discrimination against other compounds with a single aromatic ring. It is expected that the Au@PDA SHINERS substrate will offer great potential for analysis application in a complicated environmental system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weichun Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Naccarato A, Elliani R, Cavaliere B, Sindona G, Tagarelli A. Development of a fast and simple gas chromatographic protocol based on the combined use of alkyl chloroformate and solid phase microextraction for the assay of polyamines in human urine. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1549:1-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
25
|
Maceira A, Marcé RM, Borrull F. Occurrence of benzothiazole, benzotriazole and benzenesulfonamide derivates in outdoor air particulate matter samples and human exposure assessment. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 193:557-566. [PMID: 29169131 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.11.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Benzothiazole (BTHs), benzotriazole (BTRs) and benzenesulfonamide (BSAs) derivates are high production volume chemicals and they are used in several industrial and household applications, therefore it is expected their occurrence in various environments, especially water and air. In this study we developed a method based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) combined with pressurised liquid extraction (PLE) to simultaneously determine four BTR, five BTH and six BSA derivates in the particulate matter (PM10) of outdoor air samples collected in quartz fibre filters (QFFs). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time these compounds have been determined in open ambient environments. Under optimised conditions, method recoveries at the lower and upper concentration levels (0.8 and 4.2 ng m-3) ranged from 70 to 120%, except for 1-H-benzothiazole and 2-chlorobenzothiazole, which were about 50%. The repeatability of the method was usually below 20% (n = 3, %RSD) for both concentration levels. This method enables the contaminants to be detected at pg m-3 concentration levels. Several samples from two different sites influenced by local industries showed that BTRs, followed by BTHs, were the most detected compounds, whereas BSAs were hardly found. The most frequently determined compounds were 1-H-benzothiazole, 2-chlorobenzothiazole, 1-H-benzotriazole, 2-hydroxibenzothiazole, 5,6-dimethyl-1-H-benzotriazole and the isomers 4- and 5-methyl-1-H-benzotriazole. With the concentrations found, the human exposure assessment and health risk characterization via ambient inhalation were also evaluated taking into account different subpopulation groups classified by age for the two sampling points.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alba Maceira
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Campus Sescelades, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Marcel;lí Domingo s/n, Tarragona, 43007, Spain
| | - Rosa Maria Marcé
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Campus Sescelades, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Marcel;lí Domingo s/n, Tarragona, 43007, Spain.
| | - Francesc Borrull
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Campus Sescelades, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Marcel;lí Domingo s/n, Tarragona, 43007, Spain; Centre Tecnològic de la Química, Marcel·lí Domingo, s/n, Tarragona, 43007, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Zhao H, Li J, Ma X, Huo W, Xu S, Cai Z. Simultaneous determination of bisphenols, benzophenones and parabens in human urine by using UHPLC-TQMS. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2017.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
27
|
Naccarato A, Gionfriddo E, Elliani R, Pawliszyn J, Sindona G, Tagarelli A. Investigating the robustness and extraction performance of a matrix-compatible solid-phase microextraction coating in human urine and its application to assess 2-6-ring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons using GC-MS/MS. J Sep Sci 2017; 41:929-939. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201700989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Attilio Naccarato
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche; Università della Calabria; Arcavacata di Rende Italy
| | | | - Rosangela Elliani
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche; Università della Calabria; Arcavacata di Rende Italy
| | - Janusz Pawliszyn
- Department of Chemistry; University of Waterloo; Waterloo Ontario Canada
| | - Giovanni Sindona
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche; Università della Calabria; Arcavacata di Rende Italy
| | - Antonio Tagarelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche; Università della Calabria; Arcavacata di Rende Italy
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Determination of benzotriazoles and benzothiazoles in human urine by UHPLC-TQMS. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1070:70-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.10.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
29
|
Reyes-Garcés N, Gionfriddo E, Gómez-Ríos GA, Alam MN, Boyacı E, Bojko B, Singh V, Grandy J, Pawliszyn J. Advances in Solid Phase Microextraction and Perspective on Future Directions. Anal Chem 2017; 90:302-360. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b04502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 402] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Md. Nazmul Alam
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
| | - Ezel Boyacı
- Department of Chemistry, Middle East Technical University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Barbara Bojko
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-067 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Varoon Singh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
| | - Jonathan Grandy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
| | - Janusz Pawliszyn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Dispersive multi-walled carbon nanotubes extraction of benzenesulfonamides, benzotriazoles, and benzothiazoles from environmental waters followed by microwave desorption and HPLC-HESI-MS/MS. Anal Bioanal Chem 2017; 409:6709-6718. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0627-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
31
|
Naccarato A, Elliani R, Sindona G, Tagarelli A. Multivariate optimization of a microextraction by packed sorbent-programmed temperature vaporization-gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method for organophosphate flame retardant analysis in environmental aqueous matrices. Anal Bioanal Chem 2017; 409:7105-7120. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0669-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
32
|
Trabalón L, Nadal M, Borrull F, Pocurull E. Determination of benzothiazoles in seafood species by subcritical water extraction followed by solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry: estimating the dietary intake. Anal Bioanal Chem 2017; 409:5513-5522. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0487-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 06/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
33
|
Asrariyan R, Elhami S. Development of a fast, simple, and sensitive colorimetric method to determine benzothiazole based on the plasmonic response of gold nanoparticles. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-017-0224-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
34
|
Filippou O, Bitas D, Samanidou V. Green approaches in sample preparation of bioanalytical samples prior to chromatographic analysis. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1043:44-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Revised: 08/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
|
35
|
Zhuang S, Lv X, Pan L, Lu L, Ge Z, Wang J, Wang J, Liu J, Liu W, Zhang C. Benzotriazole UV 328 and UV-P showed distinct antiandrogenic activity upon human CYP3A4-mediated biotransformation. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 220:616-624. [PMID: 27743791 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2016] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Benzotriazole ultraviolet stabilizers (BUVSs) are prominent chemicals widely used in industrial and consumer products to protect against ultraviolet radiation. They are becoming contaminants of emerging concern since their residues are frequently detected in multiple environmental matrices and their toxicological implications are increasingly reported. We herein investigated the antiandrogenic activities of eight BUVSs prior to and after human CYP3A4-mediated metabolic activation/deactivation by the two-hybrid recombinant human androgen receptor yeast bioassay and the in vitro metabolism assay. More potent antiandrogenic activity was observed for the metabolized UV-328 in comparison with UV-328 at 0.25 μM ((40.73 ± 4.90)% vs. (17.12 ± 3.00)%), showing a significant metabolic activation. In contrast, the metabolized UV-P at 0.25 μM resulted in a decreased antiandrogenic activity rate from (16.08 ± 0.95)% to (6.91 ± 2.64)%, indicating a metabolic deactivation. Three mono-hydroxylated (OH) and three di-OH metabolites of UV-328 were identified by ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS), which were not reported previously. We further surmised that the hydroxylation of UV-328 occurs mainly at the alicyclic hydrocarbon atoms based on the in silico prediction of the lowest activation energies of hydrogen abstraction from C-H bond. Our results for the first time relate antiandrogenic activity to human CYP3A4 enzyme-mediated hydroxylated metabolites of BUVSs. The biotransformation through hydroxylation should be fully considered during the health risk assessment of structurally similar analogs of BUVSs and other emerging contaminants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shulin Zhuang
- Institute of Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Health Risk Factors for Seafood of Zhejiang Province, Zhoushan 316022, China.
| | - Xuan Lv
- Institute of Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Liumeng Pan
- Institute of Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Liping Lu
- Institute of Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhiwei Ge
- Institute of Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jiaying Wang
- Institute of Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jingpeng Wang
- Institute of Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jinsong Liu
- Zhejiang Province Environmental Monitoring Center, Hangzhou 310005, China
| | - Weiping Liu
- Institute of Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Chunlong Zhang
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Houston-Clear Lake, 2700 Bay Area Blvd., Houston, TX 77058, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Guo X, mulati A, Wu M, Zhang J, Yang L, Zhao F, Zeng B. An ionic liquid doped electrochemical copolymer coating of indole and 3-methylthiophene for the solid-phase microextraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra02372c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(indole-co-3-methylthiophene)-ionic liquid (P(In–3-MeT)/IL) composite film was electrodeposited on a stainless steel wire for SPME.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiafei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education)
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Science
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan
- PR China
| | - Aiziguli mulati
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education)
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Science
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan
- PR China
| | - Mian Wu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education)
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Science
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan
- PR China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education)
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Science
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan
- PR China
| | - Liu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education)
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Science
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan
- PR China
| | - Faqiong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education)
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Science
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan
- PR China
| | - Baizhao Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education)
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Science
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan
- PR China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Li L, Wu M, Feng Y, Zhao F, Zeng B. Doping of three-dimensional porous carbon nanotube-graphene-ionic liquid composite into polyaniline for the headspace solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography determination of alcohols. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 948:48-54. [PMID: 27871609 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In this work, ionic liquid (IL, i.e. 1-hydroxyethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate), carboxyl multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) were used to prepare three-dimensional porous material (MWCNTs-rGO-IL) by one-step self-assembly, then it was co-electrodeposited with polyaniline (PANI) on stainless steel wires by cyclic voltammetry. The resulting coating (PANI-MWCNTs-rGO-IL) was characterized by using FT-IR and scanning electron microscopy etc, and it showed porous structure and had high thermal stability. Furthermore, it was found to be very suitable for the headspace solid-phase microextraction of alcohols (i.e. octanol, nonanol, geraniol, decanol, undecanol and dodecanol). By coupling with gas chromatography, wide linear ranges and low limits of detection (i.e. 2.2-28.3 ng L-1) were obtained for the alcohols. The coating also presented good repeatability and reproducibility; the relative standard deviations for intra-fiber and fiber-to-fiber were less than 5.6% (n = 5) and 7.0% (n = 5) respectively. In addition, the proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of alcohols in tea drinks, and the recoveries for standards added were 85.6-114%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Li
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Mian Wu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Yingying Feng
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Faqiong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Baizhao Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei Province, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Wang C, Chen X, Hu S, Bai X. Development of a novel stirrerliquid/solid microextraction method for the separation and enrichment of trace levels of active compounds in traditional Chinese medicine. J Sep Sci 2016; 39:4290-4298. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201600605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Caiyun Wang
- School of Pharmacy; Shanxi Medical University; Taiyuan China
| | - Xuan Chen
- School of Pharmacy; Shanxi Medical University; Taiyuan China
| | - Shuang Hu
- School of Pharmacy; Shanxi Medical University; Taiyuan China
| | - Xiaohong Bai
- School of Pharmacy; Shanxi Medical University; Taiyuan China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Matrix compatible solid phase microextraction coating, a greener approach to sample preparation in vegetable matrices. Food Chem 2016; 206:67-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Revised: 01/31/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
40
|
Schlittenbauer L, Seiwert B, Reemtsma T. A false positive finding in liquid chromatography/triple quadrupole mass spectrometry analysis by a non-isobaric matrix component: the case of benzotriazole in urine for human biomonitoring. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2016; 30:1560-1566. [PMID: 27321843 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 04/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Multi-residual methods employing liquid chromatography coupled to triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) with selected reaction monitoring (SRM) are attractive also for human biomonitoring (HBM). A new process is determined that can lead to false positive findings by matrix components that are not isobaric to the analyte of interest. METHODS Benzotriazole (1H-BT) was false positively detected in 87 human urine samples analyzed by ultra-high-performance-(UHP)-LC/MS/MS. The quantifier/qualifier ratio (Q/q ratio) did not match. This was further confirmed by negative results with an optimized gradient. Investigations were performed by UHPLC/high-resolution (HR)MS and model compounds to reveal the identity of the disturbing matrix compound and the way that it interfered with 1H-BT detection. RESULTS A formula of C7 H5 NO (m/z 120.0444) was found at the retention time of 1H-BT (m/z 120.0556) belonging to an in-source product ion of a heavier co-eluting compound. Product ion spectra and Q/q ratios of model compounds indicated a benzene sub-structure with a carbonyl and amine functional group in the ortho- or para-position. Finally, folic acid was confirmed as the disturbing urine component, exhibiting an in-source fragment with the nominal mass of 1H-BT and the same product ions as used in the SRM mode for UHPLC/MS/MS monitoring. CONCLUSIONS Interferences in SRM detection need not be due to co-eluting isobaric matrix compounds, but can originate from in-source fragmentation of heavier ions. Rigid quality control measures are recommended for LC/MS/MS analysis, especially for small molecules in complex sample matrices to overcome the selectivity limits of SRM. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linda Schlittenbauer
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Bettina Seiwert
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thorsten Reemtsma
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Hecht ES, Oberg AL, Muddiman DC. Optimizing Mass Spectrometry Analyses: A Tailored Review on the Utility of Design of Experiments. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2016; 27:767-85. [PMID: 26951559 PMCID: PMC4841694 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-016-1344-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2016] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry (MS) has emerged as a tool that can analyze nearly all classes of molecules, with its scope rapidly expanding in the areas of post-translational modifications, MS instrumentation, and many others. Yet integration of novel analyte preparatory and purification methods with existing or novel mass spectrometers can introduce new challenges for MS sensitivity. The mechanisms that govern detection by MS are particularly complex and interdependent, including ionization efficiency, ion suppression, and transmission. Performance of both off-line and MS methods can be optimized separately or, when appropriate, simultaneously through statistical designs, broadly referred to as "design of experiments" (DOE). The following review provides a tutorial-like guide into the selection of DOE for MS experiments, the practices for modeling and optimization of response variables, and the available software tools that support DOE implementation in any laboratory. This review comes 3 years after the latest DOE review (Hibbert DB, 2012), which provided a comprehensive overview on the types of designs available and their statistical construction. Since that time, new classes of DOE, such as the definitive screening design, have emerged and new calls have been made for mass spectrometrists to adopt the practice. Rather than exhaustively cover all possible designs, we have highlighted the three most practical DOE classes available to mass spectrometrists. This review further differentiates itself by providing expert recommendations for experimental setup and defining DOE entirely in the context of three case-studies that highlight the utility of different designs to achieve different goals. A step-by-step tutorial is also provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth S Hecht
- W. M. Keck FTMS Laboratory for Human Health Research, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Ann L Oberg
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - David C Muddiman
- W. M. Keck FTMS Laboratory for Human Health Research, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Wang J, Li Z, Yang Y. Vortex-Assisted Liquid–Liquid Microextraction for the Determination of Chloramine-T in Cosmetics Coupled with High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. ANAL LETT 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2015.1128945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
43
|
Simultaneous determination of trace benzotriazoles and benzothiazoles in water by large-volume injection/gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1422:270-276. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
44
|
García-Gómez D, Bregy L, Nussbaumer-Ochsner Y, Gaisl T, Kohler M, Zenobi R. Detection and Quantification of Benzothiazoles in Exhaled Breath and Exhaled Breath Condensate by Real-Time Secondary Electrospray Ionization-High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry and Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:12519-12524. [PMID: 26390299 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b03809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
2-Subtituted benzothiazoles are widely used industrial chemicals whose occurrence in environmental samples has been shown to be ubiquitous. However, knowledge about human exposure to these compounds and their excretion route is still scarce. Here, we demonstrate for the first time the detection of benzothiazole derivatives in exhaled breath. Real-time analysis of breath was carried out by means of secondary electrospray ionization coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry. This coupling allowed not only the detection of these compounds in breath with a sensitivity in the pptv range but also their robust identification by comparing tandem high-resolution mass spectra from breath and standards. For further confirmation, benzothiazoles were also determined in exhaled breath condensate samples by means of ultra high-performance liquid chromatography. This approach strengthened the identification as a result of excellent matches in retention times and also allowed quantification. An estimated total daily exhalation of ca. 20 μg day(-1) was calculated for the six benzothiazole derivatives found in breath.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diego García-Gómez
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich , CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Bregy
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich , CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Thomas Gaisl
- Pulmonary Division, University Hospital Zurich , CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Malcolm Kohler
- Pulmonary Division, University Hospital Zurich , CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Renato Zenobi
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich , CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Herrero P, Borrull F, Pocurull E, Marcé RM. An overview of analytical methods and occurrence of benzotriazoles, benzothiazoles and benzenesulfonamides in the environment. Trends Analyt Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2014.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
46
|
Abstract
Since the complexity origin of biological samples, the research trends have been directed to the development of new miniaturized sample preparation techniques. This review provides a comprehensive survey of past and present microextraction methods followed by GC analysis for preconcentration and determination of various analytes in urine samples. These techniques have been classified in three general groups, including liquid-, solid- and membrane-based techniques. The principal of different microextraction methods that are located in each general group as well as their various extraction modes and the recent developments introduced for them has been presented. Subsequently, a comparison survey has been carried out among different microextraction techniques and finally a future perspective has been predicted based on the existing literature.
Collapse
|
47
|
Ho TD, Toledo BR, Hantao LW, Anderson JL. Chemical immobilization of crosslinked polymeric ionic liquids on nitinol wires produces highly robust sorbent coatings for solid-phase microextraction. Anal Chim Acta 2014; 843:18-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2014.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Revised: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
|
48
|
Gionfriddo E, Naccarato A, Sindona G, Tagarelli A. Determination of hydrazine in drinking water: Development and multivariate optimization of a rapid and simple solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry protocol. Anal Chim Acta 2014; 835:37-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2014.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Revised: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/25/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|