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Wang X, Liu Y, Jiang JM, Zhang XL, Li M, Hong WJ, Guo LH. Aggregated health risk assessment of perfluoroalkyl acids migrated from convenience food contact materials. J Food Sci 2024; 89:6774-6786. [PMID: 39218817 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.17313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Ingestion of perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) via contaminated food contact materials (FCMs) is an important human exposure source. This study adopts a toxicity equivalent approach to evaluate the collective health risk of multiple PFAAs in FCMs. A comprehensive extraction and analysis of 21 PFAAs in FCMs was performed. Among the analyzed substances, 15 PFAAs were detected. Migration experiment using three food simulants revealed the migration range of seven PFAAs from FCMs into the simulant to be 0.47-46.7 ng/cm2. The hazard quotient results suggest minimal health risk, except for 9% of packaged samples where perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) poses a higher risk. Utilizing PFOA toxic equivalent concentrations, comprehensive risk calculations showed ∼77% of samples potentially posing elevated health risks due to PFAA exposure. This emphasizes the substantial contribution of PFAAs beyond PFOA and underscores the importance of considering them in related assessments. The aggregated risk assessment reflects actual exposure circumstances more accurately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Wang
- College of Energy Environment and Safety Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Environmental and Health Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yao Liu
- Institute of Environmental and Health Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Ming Jiang
- College of Energy Environment and Safety Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Environmental and Health Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xi-Long Zhang
- College of Energy Environment and Safety Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Environmental and Health Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Minjie Li
- College of Energy Environment and Safety Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Environmental and Health Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Jun Hong
- College of Energy Environment and Safety Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Environmental and Health Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liang-Hong Guo
- College of Energy Environment and Safety Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Environmental and Health Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
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2
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Vera P, Canellas E, Dreolin N, Goshawk J, Nerín C. The analysis of the migration of per and poly fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) from food contact materials using ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography coupled to ion-mobility quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC- IMS-QTOF). Talanta 2024; 266:124999. [PMID: 37524039 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Per-poly fluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are a group of synthetic fluorine compounds used in food packaging materials to repel water and fats. This study assessed the chemical migration of PFAS from different food contact materials, including cardboard, recycled cardboard, biopolymer, paper and Teflon trays, from various markets. Migration assays were conducted using Tenax® as a food simulant, which was optimized by subjecting it to three consecutive extractions with 3 mL of ethanol within an hour. The resulting extractions were combined and concentrated to 0.5 mL using a nitrogen stream. The analysis was performed using ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) coupled with ion-mobility (IMS) quadrupole-time-of-flight (QTOF) mass spectrometry, which provided a powerful and novel tool for identifying a library of targets containing collision cross section values (CCS) and increasing confidence in subsequent identifications. Eleven PFAS compounds belonging to the family of perfluorocarboxylic acid, perfluorosulfonic acid and perfluorooctanesulfonamidoacetic acid substances (PFCAs, PFSAs and FOSAAs) were found in packaging samples obtained from China, with migrant concentrations ranging 3.2 and 22.3 μg/kg. In contrast, no detectable levels of PFAS were observed in packaging samples obtained in Spain. All trays tested were deemed to be suitable for use as food contact materials due to the fact that their migrant values were lower than 0.025 mg/kg for PFOA and its salts, and lower than a maximum concentration of 1 mg/kg for PFOA-related compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Vera
- Analytical Chemistry Department, GUIA Group, I3A, EINA, University of Zaragoza, M(a) de Luna 3, 50018, Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Elena Canellas
- Analytical Chemistry Department, GUIA Group, I3A, EINA, University of Zaragoza, M(a) de Luna 3, 50018, Zaragoza, Spain.
| | | | - Jeff Goshawk
- Waters Corporation, Wilmslow, SK9 4AX, United Kingdom.
| | - Cristina Nerín
- Analytical Chemistry Department, GUIA Group, I3A, EINA, University of Zaragoza, M(a) de Luna 3, 50018, Zaragoza, Spain.
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3
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Dueñas-Mas MJ, Ballesteros-Gómez A, de Boer J. Determination of several PFAS groups in food packaging material from fast-food restaurants in France. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 339:139734. [PMID: 37544525 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkylated substances (PFAS) are a large group of toxic compounds which have been widely used in industrial and consumer applications, from where they can migrate into the environment. They can pose a risk to human health because they have been associated with several diseases. To obtain more information on the risk of PFAS in fast food packaging materials, several PFAS (perfluorocarboxylic acids or PFCAs (n = 16), perfluorosulfonic acids or PFSAs (n = 14), and a miscellaneous group constituted by sulfonamides (n = 5) and fluorotelomer phosphate esters or PAPs (n = 5)) were quantified in food contact materials (FCMs) from fast-food restaurants in France. Perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA), 6:2 fluorotelomer sulfonic acid (6:2 FTS) and 6:2/6:2 fluorotelomer phosphate diester (6:2/6:2 diPAP) were detected in all samples. PFCAs with shorter chain lengths (C4-C6) showed the highest concentrations compared to median (C7-C10) and longer chain length PFCAs (C11-C18). However, they had lower detection frequencies (DFs) (except for PFHxA, DF = 100%) with values of 36 and 34% for C4 and C5 PFCAs, respectively. The DF of longer chain length PFCAs was higher, especially those of the median chain length PFCAs (C8-C10, with DF = 79-98%). Analytes from the PFSA group with high DFs (70-98%) were perfluorobutane sulfonic acid (PFBS), perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS), perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS, linear and branched) and 10:2 fluorotelomer sulfonic acid (10:2 FTS), with concentrations similar to some analytes from the PFCA group. 4:2 Fluorotelomer phosphate monoester (4:2 mPAP), 8:2 fluorotelomer phosphate monoester (8:2 mPAP) and 8:2/8:2 fluorotelomer phosphate diester (8:2/8:2 diPAP) were found with the highest concentrations (<0.006-42.7 ng g-1, <0.001-2.7 ng g-1 and <0.001-287 ng g-1, respectively) and the highest DFs (ranged 68-94%). Some correlations between analytes were found, indicating similar degradation routes or a common origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Jesús Dueñas-Mas
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry for Energy and the Environment, Marie Curie Building (Annex), Campus of Rabanales, University of Córdoba, 14014, Córdoba, Spain; Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Dept. Environment & Health, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ana Ballesteros-Gómez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry for Energy and the Environment, Marie Curie Building (Annex), Campus of Rabanales, University of Córdoba, 14014, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Jacob de Boer
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Dept. Environment & Health, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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4
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Schwartz-Narbonne H, Xia C, Shalin A, Whitehead HD, Yang D, Peaslee GF, Wang Z, Wu Y, Peng H, Blum A, Venier M, Diamond ML. Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Canadian Fast Food Packaging. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LETTERS 2023; 10:343-349. [PMID: 37970096 PMCID: PMC10637757 DOI: 10.1021/acs.estlett.2c00926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
A suite of analytical techniques was used to obtain a comprehensive picture of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in selected Canadian food packaging used for fast foods (n = 42). Particle-induced gamma ray emission spectroscopy revealed that 55% of the samples contained <3580, 19% contained 3580-10 800, and 26% > 10 800 μg F/m2. The highest total F (1 010 000-1 300 000 μg F/m2) was measured in molded "compostable" bowls. Targeted analysis of 8 samples with high total F revealed 4-15 individual PFAS in each sample, with 6:2 fluorotelomer methacrylate (FTMAc) and 6:2 fluorotelomer alcohol (FTOH) typically dominating. Up to 34% of the total fluorine was released from samples after hydrolysis, indicating the presence of unknown precursors. Nontargeted analysis detected 22 PFAS from 6 different groups, including degradation products of FTOH. Results indicate the use of side-chain fluorinated polymers and suggest that these products can release short-chain compounds that ultimately can be transformed to compounds of toxicological concern. Analysis after 2 years of storage showed overall decreases in PFAS consistent with the loss of volatile compounds such as 6:2 FTMAc and FTOH. The use of PFAS in food packaging such as "compostable" bowls represents a regrettable substitution of single-use plastic food packaging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chunjie Xia
- O’Neill
School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University, Bloomington 47405, Indiana, United States
| | - Anna Shalin
- Department
of Earth Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3B1, ON, Canada
| | - Heather D. Whitehead
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of Notre Dame, Notre
Dame 46556, Indiana, United States
| | - Diwen Yang
- Department
of Earth Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3B1, ON, Canada
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3H6, ON, Canada
| | - Graham F. Peaslee
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Notre Dame, Notre Dame 46556, Indiana, United
States
| | - Zhanyun Wang
- Institute
of Environmental Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich 8093, Switzerland
- Empa
− Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Technology and Society Laboratory, St. Gallen CH-9014, Switzerland
| | - Yan Wu
- O’Neill
School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University, Bloomington 47405, Indiana, United States
| | - Hui Peng
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3H6, ON, Canada
- School
of the Environment, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3E8, ON, Canada
| | - Arlene Blum
- Green
Science Policy Institute, Berkeley 94709, California, United States
| | - Marta Venier
- O’Neill
School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University, Bloomington 47405, Indiana, United States
| | - Miriam L. Diamond
- Department
of Earth Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3B1, ON, Canada
- School
of the Environment, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3E8, ON, Canada
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5
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Miralles P, Beser MI, Sanchís Y, Yusà V, Coscollà C. Determination of 21 per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances in paper- and cardboard-based food contact materials by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2023; 15:1559-1568. [PMID: 36883520 DOI: 10.1039/d3ay00083d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a new analytical method was developed and validated for the determination of the total content of 21 per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in paper- and cardboard-based food contact materials (FCMs). This method is based on green ultrasound-assisted lixiviation followed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS). The method was validated in various paper- and cardboard-based FCMs, showing good linearity (R2 ≥ 0.99), limits of quantification (1.7-10 μg kg-1), accuracy (74-115%), and precision (RSD < 20%). The eco-friendly characteristics of the proposed analytical method were assessed according to the analytical eco-scale, demonstrating that it can be considered an excellent green analytical method (EcoScale score > 75). Finally, 16 field samples of paper- and cardboard-based FCMs, including pizza boxes, popcorn boxes, paper bags and cardboard boxes for potato fries, ice cream tubs, pastry trays, and cardboard-based packaging for cooked Spanish omelets, fresh grapes, frozen fish, and salads were analyzed, showing that they comply with the current European regulations regarding the studied PFASs. The developed method is currently accredited according to UNE-EN ISO/IEC 17025 by the Spanish National Accreditation Body (ENAC) to be implemented for official control analysis of FCMs in the Public Health Laboratory of Valencia, Generalitat Valenciana (Valencia, Spain).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Miralles
- Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region, FISABIO-Public Health, Av. Catalunya 21, 46020 Valencia, Spain.
| | - María Isabel Beser
- Public Health Laboratory of Valencia, Av. Catalunya 21, 46020 Valencia, Spain
| | - Yovana Sanchís
- Public Health Laboratory of Valencia, Av. Catalunya 21, 46020 Valencia, Spain
| | - Vicent Yusà
- Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region, FISABIO-Public Health, Av. Catalunya 21, 46020 Valencia, Spain.
- Public Health Laboratory of Valencia, Av. Catalunya 21, 46020 Valencia, Spain
| | - Clara Coscollà
- Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region, FISABIO-Public Health, Av. Catalunya 21, 46020 Valencia, Spain.
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6
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Food simulants and real food – What do we know about the migration of PFAS from paper based food contact materials? Food Packag Shelf Life 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fpsl.2022.100992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
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7
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Amziane A, Monteau F, El Djalil Lalaouna A, Alamir B, Le Bizec B, Dervilly G. Optimization and validation of a fast supercritical fluid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method for the quantitative determination of a large set of PFASs in food matrices and human milk. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2022; 1210:123455. [PMID: 36115197 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2022.123455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
An Ultra-High Performance Supercritical Fluid Chromatography coupled with tandem Mass Spectrometry analytical method (UHPSFC-MS/MS) was developed for the determination of 34 perfluoroalkylated substances (PFASs) in food-related matrices. Two parameters (i.e. stationary phase and co-solvent) were selected and optimized using a step-by-step method, while a design of experiment (DoE) method using a central composite design (CCD) was implemented to optimize column temperature, mobile phase flow rate, co-solvent concentration and automated back pressure regulator (ABPR). The Torus 2-PIC column was selected along with ammonium acetate AcoNH4 as additive in the co-solvent. DoE optimization of both peak width and resolution enabled validating an optimized model (desirability 0.613) and setting column temperature at 38.7 °C, AcoNH4 concentration at 8 mM, mobile phase flow rate of 1.9 mL/min and ABPR at 1654 psi. The validated resulting method enabled reaching limits of quantification below 0.2 ng/g (w.w.) for 97 % PFASs in accordance with current EU requirements. The strategy was successfully applied to the characterization of a range (n > 30) of food-related matrices (red meat, poultry meat, eggs, fish and breast milk) collected in Algeria in 2019. PFOA and PFBA were observed as the most frequently detected PFASs, i.e. in 96.96 % and 90.9 % of the samples respectively. The highest concentrations were determined in fishery products up to 4.42 ng/g (w.w.) for PFTeDA and 0.75 ng/g (w.w.) for PFOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Amziane
- Oniris, INRAE, LABERCA, F44300 Nantes, France; CNT, Centre National de Toxicologie, Alger, Algérie; Algiers University I Benyoucef Benkhedda, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacy, Alger, Algeria
| | | | - Abd El Djalil Lalaouna
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Salah Boubnider University, Constantine 3, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacy, Constantine, Algeria
| | - Barkahom Alamir
- CNT, Centre National de Toxicologie, Alger, Algérie; Algiers University I Benyoucef Benkhedda, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacy, Alger, Algeria
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Ganesan S, Chawengkijwanich C, Gopalakrishnan M, Janjaroen D. Detection methods for sub-nanogram level of emerging pollutants - Per and polyfluoroalkyl substances. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 168:113377. [PMID: 35995078 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.113377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are organofluorine compounds has been manufactured for more than five decades and used in different purposes. Among persistent organic pollutants, PFAS are toxic, bioaccumulative in humans, wildlife, and global environment. As per environmental protection agency (EPA) guidelines, the perfluorooctanoate and perfluorooctane sulfonate permissible limit was 0.07 ng/L in drinking water. When the concentration exceeds the acceptable limit, it has negative consequences for humans. In such a case, PFAS monitoring is critical, and a quick detection technique are highly needed. Health departments and regulatory agencies have interests in monitoring of PFAS presences and exposures. For the detection of PFAS, numerous highly precise and sensitive chromatographic methods are available. However, the drawbacks of analytical techniques include timely sample preparations and the lack of on-site applicability. As a result, there is an increasing demand for simple sensor systems for monitoring of PFAS in real field samples. In this review, we first describe the sample pre-treatment and analytical techniques for the detection of PFAS. Second, we broadly discussed available sensor system for the quantification of PFAS in different filed samples. Finally, future trends in PFASs sensor are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunantha Ganesan
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
| | - Chamorn Chawengkijwanich
- Research Network of NANOTEC - CU on Environment, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand; National Nanotechnology Center, National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 12120, Pathumthani, Thailand.
| | - Mohan Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Dao Janjaroen
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand; National Nanotechnology Center, National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 12120, Pathumthani, Thailand.
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9
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Hu Y, Willett WC, Manson JAE, Rosner B, Hu FB, Sun Q. Intake of whole grain foods and risk of coronary heart disease in US men and women. BMC Med 2022; 20:192. [PMID: 35681238 PMCID: PMC9185912 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-022-02396-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological studies have demonstrated a favorable association of whole grain intake with coronary heart disease (CHD) risk, although whether such an inverse association holds true for individual whole grain foods that have various nutritional profiles has not been examined. METHODS We followed 74,244 women from Nurses' Health Study since 1986, 91,430 women from Nurses' Health Study II since 1991, and 39,455 men from the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study since 1984, who did not have a history of cardiovascular disease or cancer at baseline. Intake of seven individual whole grain foods was repeatedly assessed using a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire every 2-4 years since baseline. CHD diagnoses were ascertained through review of medical records or death certificates. RESULTS We documented 9461 CHD cases during an average of 25.8 years' follow-up. In the multivariable-adjusted model, the pooled hazard ratio (HR) (95% CI) of CHD risk corresponding to each one serving/day consumption of total whole grains was 0.93 (0.90-0.95; p trend <0.0001). Higher consumption of most individual whole grain foods was associated with significantly lower risk of CHD. Comparing participants consuming ≥1 serving/day with those consuming < 1 serving/month, the multivariable-adjusted pooled HRs (95% CIs) of CHD were 0.83 (0.78-0.89) for whole grain cold breakfast cereal, 0.92 (0.86-0.99) for dark bread, and 1.08 (0.96-1.22) for popcorn. For other whole grain foods with lower overall intake levels, comparing intake level of ≥2 servings/week with < 1 serving/month, the pooled hazard ratios (95% CIs) were 0.79 (0.74-0.84) for oatmeal, 0.79 (0.71-0.87) for brown rice, 0.84 (0.78-0.90) for added bran, and 0.87 (0.77-0.99) for wheat germ. Cubic spline regression suggested non-linear associations for certain whole grain foods: the risk reduction plateaued approximately over 2 servings/day for total whole grains, 0.5 serving/day for both cold breakfast cereal and dark bread, 0.5 serving/week for oatmeal, 1 serving/week for brown rice, and 2 serving/week for added bran (p for non-linearity <0.01 for all associations). CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that higher consumption of total whole grains, as well as individual whole grain foods except popcorn, were significantly associated with lower CHD risk. The inverse associations may plateau at various intake levels for total whole grain and individual whole grain foods. This study provides further evidence in support of increasing whole grain intake for the prevention of CHD in US populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Hu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Walter C Willett
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine Research, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jo Ann E Manson
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine Research, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine Research, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bernard Rosner
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine Research, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Frank B Hu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine Research, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Qi Sun
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA. .,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA. .,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine Research, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. .,Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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10
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Lerch M, Nguyen KH, Granby K. Is the use of paper food contact materials treated with per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances safe for high-temperature applications? - Migration study in real food and food simulants. Food Chem 2022; 393:133375. [PMID: 35661597 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Migration of per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) from paper food contact materials (FCMs) can pose a consumer risk. However, risk assessment procedures typically do not consider PFAS contribution from FCMs. Moreover, migration studies are often limited to one subclass of PFAS or simplified by using food simulants (FS). To assess the risk comprehensively, migration of three PFAS subclasses (perfluorinated carboxylic acids/ sulfonic acids (PFCAs/PFSAs), polyfluoroalkyl phosphate esters (PAPs), and fluorotelomer alcohols (FTOHs)) from six FCMs were investigated to FS (50% and 20% ethanol) and food (oatmeal porridge, muffins, and tomato soup) under high-temperature conditions. Migration of PFCAs and FTOHs to all food samples was observed. Migration of PFCAs and FTOHs to 50% ethanol was significantly higher than migration to real food whilst FTOHs did not migrate into 20% ethanol. Estimated dietary PFAS exposure for children (1.06 - 5.67 ng/kgbw/day) exceeded EFSA's proposed safety threshold (0.63 ng/kgbw/day), risking consumer health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Lerch
- Technical University of Denmark, National Food Institute, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Khanh Hoang Nguyen
- Technical University of Denmark, National Food Institute, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Kit Granby
- Technical University of Denmark, National Food Institute, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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11
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Vorst K, Saab N, Silva P, Curtzwiler G, Steketee A. Risk assessment of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in food: Symposium proceedings. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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12
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Ramírez Carnero A, Lestido-Cardama A, Vazquez Loureiro P, Barbosa-Pereira L, Rodríguez Bernaldo de Quirós A, Sendón R. Presence of Perfluoroalkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in Food Contact Materials (FCM) and Its Migration to Food. Foods 2021; 10:foods10071443. [PMID: 34206351 PMCID: PMC8306913 DOI: 10.3390/foods10071443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are synthetic chemical compounds widely used in different industry fields including food contact materials (FCM), providing resistance to fat and humidity, and non-stick properties. PFAS enter into the food chain directly from the intake of contaminated food or indirectly from the migration of the FCM into the food. This exposure published in different research highlights a public health concern. Therefore, it is necessary to perform analysis of the content of different FCM and evaluate the migration from the FCM under normal conditions of use and storage. This bibliographical review proves that different perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl compounds are detected in fast food packaging, microwave popcorn bags, and frying pans, among others. Furthermore, it shows the conditions or factors that favor the migration of the PFAS from the FCM into the food.
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Curtzwiler GW, Silva P, Hall A, Ivey A, Vorst K. Significance of Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in Food Packaging. INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT 2021; 17:7-12. [PMID: 32965752 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.4346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Food safety authorities and the food industry are focused on uses of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in various food-contact packaging applications. Not widely known until recently, certain PFAS occur in paper-based packaging materials typically at parts-per-billion to parts-per-million concentrations. These substances are nonintentionally added substances (NIAS) and are attributed to residues from recycled fiber and paperboard used in the manufacture of new food packaging products. Low concentration PFAS detection has generated debate in the food industry and among scientific and governmental organizations about understanding their significance in food-contact products because certain PFAS are intentionally added to some food packaging materials. Distinguishing between both sources of PFAS in food packaging is essential for regulatory compliance purposes. In this paper, we describe ongoing research using contact angle measurement analysis to determine limits of performance (LOP) for perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCAs) (C4, C6, C8, and C10) on the surface of recycled paper packaging materials. We find that the LOP concentrations for PFCAs ranged from 37 ppm (C10) to higher than 1238 ppm (C4). Because there is no economic justification for the presence of PFAS that do not provide functional performance, these LOP concentrations can reliably be considered as NIAS thresholds. This analytical method and the resulting test data are able to differentiate the source of PFAS in food packaging. Future research will broaden the test method to include measurements of fluorotelomer, sulfonamide, and fluoropolymer substances to develop a more comprehensive understanding of PFAS performance and NIAS concentration thresholds. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2021;17:7-12. © 2020 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg W Curtzwiler
- Polymer and Food Protection Consortium, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Paulo Silva
- Polymer and Food Protection Consortium, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Alexander Hall
- Department of Food and Animal Science, Carver Complex Annex, Alabama A&M, Normal, Alabama, USA
| | - Alexandra Ivey
- Polymer and Food Protection Consortium, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Keith Vorst
- Polymer and Food Protection Consortium, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
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Roth K, Imran Z, Liu W, Petriello MC. Diet as an Exposure Source and Mediator of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substance (PFAS) Toxicity. FRONTIERS IN TOXICOLOGY 2020; 2:601149. [PMID: 35296120 PMCID: PMC8915917 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2020.601149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are ubiquitously found in the environment due to their widespread commercial use and high chemical stability. Humans are exposed primarily through ingestion of contaminated water and food and epidemiological studies over the last several decades have shown that PFAS levels are associated with adverse chronic health effects, including cardiometabolic disorders such as hyperlipidemia and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Perhaps the most well-established effects, as demonstrated in animal studies and human epidemiological studies, are the metabolic alterations PFAS exposure can lead to, especially on lipid homeostasis and signaling. This altered lipid metabolism has often been linked to conditions such as dyslipidemia, leading to fatty liver disease and steatosis. Western diets enriched in high fat and high cholesterol containing foods may be an important human exposure route of PFAS and may also act as an important modulator of associated toxicities. In fact, the chemical structure of PFAS resemble fatty acids and may activate some of the same signaling cascades critical for endogenous metabolism. In this review we aim to outline known dietary exposure sources of PFAS, describe the detrimental metabolic health effects associated with PFAS exposure, and focus on studies examining emerging interaction of dietary effects with PFAS exposure that further alter the dysregulated metabolic state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Roth
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Zunaira Imran
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Wanqing Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Michael C. Petriello
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
- *Correspondence: Michael C. Petriello
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Liao Y, Ouyang X, Lu M, Peng J, Huang X. Approach based on multiple monolithic fiber solid-phase microextraction coupled to liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for sensitive determination of perfluoroalkyl acids in fish and seafood. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Thurber H, Curtzwiler GW. Suitability of poly(butylene succinate) as a coating for paperboard convenience food packaging. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOBASED PLASTICS 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/24759651.2020.1785094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Henry Thurber
- Polymer and Food Protection Consortium, Iowa State University , Ames, Iowa, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Iowa State University , Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Greg W. Curtzwiler
- Polymer and Food Protection Consortium, Iowa State University , Ames, Iowa, USA
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University , Ames, Iowa, USA
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Hu Y, Ding M, Sampson L, Willett WC, Manson JE, Wang M, Rosner B, Hu FB, Sun Q. Intake of whole grain foods and risk of type 2 diabetes: results from three prospective cohort studies. BMJ 2020; 370:m2206. [PMID: 32641435 PMCID: PMC7341349 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.m2206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the associations between the intake of total and individual whole grain foods and the risk of type 2 diabetes. DESIGN Prospective cohort studies. SETTING Nurses' Health Study (1984-2014), Nurses' Health Study II (1991-2017), and Health Professionals Follow-Up Study (1986-2016), United States. PARTICIPANTS 158 259 women and 36 525 men who did not have type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, or cancer at baseline. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Self-reports of incident type 2 diabetes by participants identified through follow-up questionnaires and confirmed by a validated supplementary questionnaire. RESULTS During 4 618 796 person years of follow-up, 18 629 participants with type 2 diabetes were identified. Total whole grain consumption was categorized into five equal groups of servings a day for the three cohorts. After adjusting for lifestyle and dietary risk factors for diabetes, participants in the highest category for total whole grain consumption had a 29% (95% confidence interval 26% to 33%) lower rate of type 2 diabetes compared with those in the lowest category. For individual whole grain foods, pooled hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for type 2 diabetes in participants consuming one or more servings a day compared with those consuming less than one serving a month were 0.81 (0.77 to 0.86) for whole grain cold breakfast cereal, 0.79 (0.75 to 0.83) for dark bread, and 1.08 (1.00 to 1.17) for popcorn. For other individual whole grains with lower average intake levels, comparing consumption of two or more servings a week with less than one serving a month, the pooled hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) were 0.79 (0.75 to 0.83) for oatmeal, 0.88 (0.82 to 0.94) for brown rice, 0.85 (0.80 to 0.90) for added bran, and 0.88 (0.78 to 0.98) for wheat germ. Spline regression showed a non-linear dose-response association between total whole grain intake and the risk of type 2 diabetes where the rate reduction slightly plateaued at more than two servings a day (P<0.001 for curvature). For whole grain cold breakfast cereal and dark bread, the rate reduction plateaued at about 0.5 servings a day. For consumption of popcorn, a J shaped association was found where the rate of type 2 diabetes was not significantly raised until consumption exceeded about one serving a day. The association between higher total whole grain intake and lower risk of type 2 diabetes was stronger in individuals who were lean than in those who were overweight or obese (P=0.003 for interaction), and the associations did not vary significantly across levels of physical activity, family history of diabetes, or smoking status. CONCLUSION Higher consumption of total whole grains and several commonly eaten whole grain foods, including whole grain breakfast cereal, oatmeal, dark bread, brown rice, added bran, and wheat germ, was significantly associated with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes. These findings provide further support for the current recommendations of increasing whole grain consumption as part of a healthy diet for the prevention of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Hu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ming Ding
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Laura Sampson
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Walter C Willett
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - JoAnn E Manson
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Molin Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bernard Rosner
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Frank B Hu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Qi Sun
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Ji Y, Cui Z, Li X, Wang Z, Zhang J, Li A. Simultaneous determination of nine perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids by a series of amide acetals derivatization and gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1622:461132. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Susmann HP, Schaider LA, Rodgers KM, Rudel RA. Dietary Habits Related to Food Packaging and Population Exposure to PFASs. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2019; 127:107003. [PMID: 31596611 PMCID: PMC6867167 DOI: 10.1289/ehp4092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are common industrial and consumer product chemicals with widespread human exposures that have been linked to adverse health effects. PFASs are commonly detected in foods and food-contact materials (FCMs), including fast food packaging and microwave popcorn bags. OBJECTIVES Our goal was to investigate associations between serum PFASs and consumption of restaurant food and popcorn in a representative sample of Americans. METHODS We analyzed 2003-2014 serum PFAS and dietary recall data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). We used multivariable linear regressions to investigate relationships between consumption of fast food, restaurant food, food eaten at home, and microwave popcorn and serum levels of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA), perfluorohexanesulfonic acid (PFHxS), and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS). RESULTS Calories of food eaten at home in the past 24 h had significant inverse associations with serum levels of all five PFASs; these associations were stronger in women. Consumption of meals from fast food/pizza restaurants and other restaurants was generally associated with higher serum PFAS concentrations, based on 24-h and 7-d recall, with limited statistical significance. Consumption of popcorn was associated with significantly higher serum levels of PFOA, PFNA, PFDA, and PFOS, based on 24-h and 12-month recall, up to a 63% (95% CI: 34, 99) increase in PFDA among those who ate popcorn daily over the last 12 months. CONCLUSIONS Associations between serum PFAS and popcorn consumption may be a consequence of PFAS migration from microwave popcorn bags. Inverse associations between serum PFAS and food eaten at home-primarily from grocery stores-is consistent with less contact between home-prepared food and FCMs, some of which contain PFASs. The potential for FCMs to contribute to PFAS exposure, coupled with concerns about toxicity and persistence, support the use of alternatives to PFASs in FCMs. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP4092.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herbert P Susmann
- Silent Spring Institute, Newton, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
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Monge Brenes AL, Curtzwiler G, Dixon P, Harrata K, Talbert J, Vorst K. PFOA and PFOS levels in microwave paper packaging between 2005 and 2018. FOOD ADDITIVES & CONTAMINANTS PART B-SURVEILLANCE 2019; 12:191-198. [PMID: 30945614 DOI: 10.1080/19393210.2019.1592238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances are synthetic environmental pollutants previously used for packaging applications as a grease, oil, and water-resistant coating. Exposure reported in previous studies highlighting potential concerns with public health. This study evaluated performance of coated paper packaging used for microwave popcorn, snacks, and sandwich bags for presence of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS). Current paper packaging materials: seven popcorn bags and three snack and sandwich bags were analysed for PFOA and PFOS and compared to concentrations in microwave popcorn bags between 2005 and 2018. Only two microwave popcorn bags had average PFOA content above the limit of quantitation of 5.11 ng g-1 paper. All other sample types had PFOA and PFOS values below the limit of detection (LOD) of 1.53 and 0.63 ng g-1 paper, respectively. Results of this study follow trends from 2005 to 2018 suggesting a reduction in PFOS and PFOA concentrations in microwave packaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Lorena Monge Brenes
- Polymer and Food Protection Consortium, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University , Ames , IA , USA
| | - Greg Curtzwiler
- Polymer and Food Protection Consortium, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University , Ames , IA , USA
| | - Philip Dixon
- Department of Statistics, Iowa State University , Ames , IA , USA
| | - Kamel Harrata
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University , Ames , IA , USA
| | - Joey Talbert
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University , Ames , IA , USA
| | - Keith Vorst
- Polymer and Food Protection Consortium, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University , Ames , IA , USA
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22
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Peters RJ, Groeneveld I, Sanchez PL, Gebbink W, Gersen A, de Nijs M, van Leeuwen SP. Review of analytical approaches for the identification of non-intentionally added substances in paper and board food contact materials. Trends Food Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2018.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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23
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A highly sensitive and selective method for determination of phenoxy carboxylic acids from environmental water samples by dispersive solid-phase extraction coupled with ultra high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Talanta 2019; 191:313-323. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.08.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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24
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Sanchis Y, Coscollà C, Yusà V. Comprehensive analysis of photoinitiators and primary aromatic amines in food contact materials using liquid chromatography High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry. Talanta 2019; 191:109-118. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.08.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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25
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Szczepańska N, Kudłak B, Namieśnik J. Recent advances in assessing xenobiotics migrating from packaging material – A review. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1023:1-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 03/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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26
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Szczepańska N, Kudłak B, Tsakovski S, Yotova G, Nedyalkova M, Simeonov V, Dołęga A, Namieśnik J. Modeling and MANOVA studies on toxicity and endocrine potential of packaging materials exposed to different extraction schemes. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 165:294-305. [PMID: 29777920 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The stability of the linings of packaging that is in contact with the goods stored has been of major concern during decades of the development of packaging materials. In this work, an attempt was undertaken to assess the applicability of using two bioassays (Microtox® and XenoScreen YES/YAS) in estimating the stability of packaging (cans, caps, multilayer material) and the impact of their degradation on the toxicity of some simulated media. The assessment of the impact of packaging storage conditions (temperature, disinfection, preservation, extracting and washing solvents) was planned and performed with i) regression modeling of the experimental effects on the ecotoxicity readings, ii) ANOVA and MANOVA estimation of the experimental conditions as significant factors affecting the toxicity results and iii) FTIR analysis of the packages. It is shown that the effects of temperature and extraction solvents could be quantitatively assessed by the agreement between all methods applied. It can be stated that temperature and acidity as well as the alcohol content in the sensitive media have the greatest impact on the toxicity of the extract and thus on the stability of the internal lining and the extractability of xenobiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Szczepańska
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza Str., Gdańsk 80-233, Poland
| | - Błażej Kudłak
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza Str., Gdańsk 80-233, Poland.
| | - Stefan Tsakovski
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sofia, 1 James Bourchier Blvd, Sofia 1164, Bulgaria
| | - Galina Yotova
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sofia, 1 James Bourchier Blvd, Sofia 1164, Bulgaria
| | - Miroslava Nedyalkova
- Chair of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sofia "St. Kl. Okhridski", 1, J. Bourchier Blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Vasil Simeonov
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sofia, 1 James Bourchier Blvd, Sofia 1164, Bulgaria
| | - Anna Dołęga
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza Str., Gdańsk 80-233, Poland
| | - Jacek Namieśnik
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza Str., Gdańsk 80-233, Poland
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27
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Screening and identification of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in microwave popcorn bags. Food Chem 2017; 230:497-506. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.03.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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28
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Wang X, Zhang R, Zhang H, Wang Y. The occurrence, exposure and risk assessment of perfluoroalkyl acids in food from mainland, China. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2017; 34:1990-1998. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2017.1347282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinxuan Wang
- College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, China
- College of Physics and Energy, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ruobing Zhang
- College of Physics and Energy, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Arts and Science College, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, USA
| | - Hong Zhang
- College of Physics and Energy, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yanping Wang
- College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, China
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29
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Sanchis Y, Yusà V, Coscollà C. Analytical strategies for organic food packaging contaminants. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1490:22-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.01.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Zabaleta I, Bizkarguenaga E, Bilbao D, Etxebarria N, Prieto A, Zuloaga O. Fast and simple determination of perfluorinated compounds and their potential precursors in different packaging materials. Talanta 2016; 152:353-63. [PMID: 26992531 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2016.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
A simple and fast analytical method for the determination of fourteen perfluorinated compounds (PFCs), including three perfluoroalkylsulfonates (PFSAs), seven perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCAs), three perfluorophosphonic acids (PFPAs) and perfluorooctanesulfonamide (PFOSA) and ten potential precursors, including four polyfluoroalkyl phosphates (PAPs), four fluorotelomer saturated acids (FTCAs) and two fluorotelomer unsaturated acids (FTUCAs) in different packaging materials was developed in the present work. In order to achieve this objective the optimization of an ultrasonic probe-assisted extraction (UPAE) method was carried out before the analysis of the target compounds by liquid-chromatography-triple quadrupole-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-QqQ-MS/MS). 7 mL of 1 % acetic acid in methanol and a 2.5-min single extraction cycle were sufficient for the extraction of all the target analytes. The optimized analytical method was validated in terms of recovery, precision and method detection limits (MDLs). Apparent recovery values after correction with the corresponding labeled standard were in the 69-103 % and 62-98 % range for samples fortified at 25 ng/g and 50 ng/g concentration levels, respectively and MDL values in the 0.6-2.2 ng/g range were obtained. The developed method was applied to the analysis of plastic (milk bottle, muffin cup, pre-cooked food wrapper and cup of coffee) and cardboard materials (microwave popcorn bag, greaseproof paper for French fries, cardboard box for pizza and cinema cardboard box for popcorn). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first method that describes the determination of fourteen PFCs and ten potential precursors in packaging materials. Moreover, 6:2 FTCA, 6:2 FTUCA and 5:3 FTCA analytes were detected for the first time in microwave popcorn bags.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Zabaleta
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), P.O. Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain.
| | - E Bizkarguenaga
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), P.O. Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - D Bilbao
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), P.O. Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - N Etxebarria
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), P.O. Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Areatza z/g, E-48620 Plentzia, Spain
| | - A Prieto
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), P.O. Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Areatza z/g, E-48620 Plentzia, Spain
| | - O Zuloaga
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), P.O. Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Areatza z/g, E-48620 Plentzia, Spain
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Moreta C, Tena MT. Determination of plastic additives in packaging by liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1414:77-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Tena M, Martínez-Moral M, Cardozo P. Determination of caffeoylquinic acids in feed and related products by focused ultrasound solid–liquid extraction and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1400:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.04.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Revised: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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