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Łuczykowski K, Warmuzińska N, Jaroch K, Kollmann D, Selzner M, Bojko B. Recent solid-phase microextraction-based analytical approaches for the profiling of biliary bile acids in pre-transplant assessments of liver grafts subjected to normothermic ex vivo liver perfusion. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1318:342954. [PMID: 39067930 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.342954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver transplantation is the definitive treatment for end-stage liver failure, but the scarcity of donor organs remains a significant challenge. Leveraging organs from extended criteria donors (ECD) offers a potential avenue to address worldwide shortages, though these organs are more susceptible to post-reperfusion injury. This study explores the use of normothermic ex vivo liver perfusion (NEVLP) as a method for organ preservation - an approach that sustains liver metabolism and facilitates pre-transplant assessments of organ viability via bile analysis. The focal point of this study revolves on the development of analytical methods for determining the bile acid profile throughout the peritransplantation period as a potential indicator of liver function and viability. RESULTS The study optimized and validated a high-throughput analytical method to quantify selected bile acids in bile samples using a thin-film microextraction-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (TFME-LC-MS) platform. Furthermore, it introduced a solid-phase microextraction-microfluidic open interface-mass spectrometry (SPME-MOI-MS) method for rapid direct analysis of bile acid isobar groups. In the animal study, discernible variations in the concentrations of specific bile acids were observed between donors after circulatory death (DCD) and heart-beating donors (HBD), particularly following normothermic perfusion and reperfusion. Noteworthy fluctuations in individual bile acid concentrations were observed throughout the entire organ transplantation process, with taurocholic acid (TCA), glycocholic acid (GCA), and glycochenodeoxycholic acid (GCDCA) emerging as promising indicators of organ quality. The efficacy of the SPME-MOI-MS platform in corroborating these trends highlights its potential for real-time bile acid analysis during liver transplantation procedures. SIGNIFICANCE Our findings underscore the efficacy of NEVLP in tandem with advanced bile acid analysis methods as a reliable strategy for pre-transplant assessments of organ viability, potentially increasing the use of ECD organs and reducing organ shortages. The ability to monitor bile acid profiles in real-time provides crucial insights into liver function and ischemic injury, making significant strides in improving transplant outcomes and patient survival rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Łuczykowski
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Natalia Warmuzińska
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Karol Jaroch
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Dagmar Kollmann
- Department of Surgery, Ajmera Transplant Centre, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada; Department of General Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Selzner
- Department of Surgery, Ajmera Transplant Centre, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Barbara Bojko
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Bydgoszcz, Poland.
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Zheng T, Zheng M, Li S, Liu C, Li X, Wang M. In vivo tracing of cyromazine and three neonicotinoids in cowpea under field conditions by solid-phase microextraction combined with ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1314:342796. [PMID: 38876515 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.342796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excessive pesticide residues in agricultural products could accumulate in organisms through the food chain, causing potential harm to human health. The investigation of dissipation kinetics and residues of pesticides in crops is crucial for the scientific application of pesticides and the mitigation of their adverse effects on human health. In vivo solid-phase microextraction (in vivo SPME) has unique advantages, but the research on field plants is still lacking and the quantitative correction methods need to be further developed. RESULTS A method combining in vivo solid-phase microextraction with ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (in vivo SPME-UPLC-MS/MS) was developed to monitor the presence of acetamiprid, cyromazine, thiamethoxam and imidacloprid in cowpea fruits grown in the field. The sampling rates (Rs) were determined using both in vitro SPME in homogenized cowpea samples and in vivo SPME in intact cowpea fruit samples. The in vivo-Rs values were significantly higher than the in vitro-Rs for the same analyte, which were used for in vivo SPME correction. The accuracy of this method was confirmed by comparison with a QuEChERS-based approach and subsequently applied to trace pesticide residues in field-grown cowpea fruits. The residual concentrations of each pesticide positively correlated with application doses. After 7 days of application at two different doses, all of the pesticides had residual concentrations below China's maximum residue limits. Both experimental data and predictions indicated that a safe preharvest interval for these pesticides is 7 days; however, if the European Union standards are to be met, a safe preharvest interval for cyromazine should be at least 13 days. SIGNIFICANCE This study highlights the advantages of in vivo SPME for simultaneous analysis and tracking of multiple pesticides in crops under field conditions. This technique is environmentally friendly, minimally invasive, highly sensitive, accurate, rapid, user-friendly, cost-effective, and capable of providing precise and timely data for long-term pesticide surveillance. Consequently, it furnishes valuable insights to guide the safe utilization of pesticides in agricultural production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengfei Zheng
- College of Food Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Fruit & Vegetable Processing & Quality Control (Huazhong Agricultural University), Wuhan, 430070, China; Analysis and Test Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Hainan, 571101, China
| | - Meijie Zheng
- College of Food Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Fruit & Vegetable Processing & Quality Control (Huazhong Agricultural University), Wuhan, 430070, China; Analysis and Test Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Hainan, 571101, China
| | - Shuhuai Li
- Analysis and Test Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Hainan, 571101, China
| | - Chunhua Liu
- Analysis and Test Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Hainan, 571101, China
| | - Xiujuan Li
- College of Food Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Ministry of Education), Wuhan, 430070, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Fruit & Vegetable Processing & Quality Control (Huazhong Agricultural University), Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Mingyue Wang
- Analysis and Test Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Hainan, 571101, China.
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Goryński K, Sobczak Ł. Quantification of prohibited substances and endogenous corticosteroids in saliva using traditional, alternative microextraction-based, and novel 3D printed sample-preparation methods coupled with LC-MS. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1291:342236. [PMID: 38280791 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.342236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
Oral fluid has gained significant interest as an alternative matrix for drug testing due to its easy and non-invasive collection. Despite these advantages, achieving suitably low limits of detection remains a clear challenge in the use of oral fluids for drug screening. In this study, we demonstrate that the application of commercially available SPME fibers followed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry can enable the comprehensive detection and confirmation of drugs in oral fluid samples. To this end, we develop and test a sample-preparation protocol for a panel of 46 drugs covering the most popular drugs of abuse and doping agents available worldwide. Human saliva samples were collected using a Salivette® device (CE IVD certified) and sampled using SPME devices coated with a C18 extraction phase. The proposed protocol was validated with respect to its lower limits of quantification (LLOQ), linearity, matrix effects, precision, and extraction recovery. Linearity was confirmed for all compounds (R2 > 0.97), except for testosterone (R2 = 0.953) and metandrostenolon (R2 = 0.958). Furthermore, 4 compounds suffered from matrix effects, with less than 10 % deviation from acceptance criteria. After analytical validation, saliva samples from volunteers were analyzed to determine free concentrations of cortisol at different times after awaking. Finally, a 3D-printed prototype device was designed and successfully applied to extract small molecules, thus demonstrating a new modern low-cost approach for bioanalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Goryński
- Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Seminaryjna 3, 85-326, Bydgoszcz, Poland.
| | - Łukasz Sobczak
- Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jurasza 2, 85-089, Bydgoszcz, Poland
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Goryński K, Sobczak Ł, Kołodziej D. Developing and Evaluating the Greenness of a Reliable, All-in-One Thin-Film Microextraction Protocol for Determining Fentanyl, Methadone, and Zolpidem in Plasma, Urine, and Oral Fluid. Molecules 2024; 29:335. [PMID: 38257248 PMCID: PMC10818652 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29020335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
This paper proposes an all-in-one microextraction-based protocol capable of determining and quantifying fentanyl, methadone, and zolpidem in plasma, urine, and saliva at concentrations below those required by international regulatory organizations. A homemade thin-film microextraction device featuring an octyl-cyanopropyl stationary phase was coupled with LC-MS/MS. The proposed method was developed and validated according to FDA criteria, providing extraction efficiency values ranging from 26.7% to 76.2% with no significant matrix effects (2.6% to 15.5% signal suppression). The developed protocol provided low limits of quantification (mostly equal to 1 ng mL-1) and good reproducibility (intra- and inter-day RSDs of less than 9.6% and 12.0%, respectively) and accuracy (89% to 104% of the test concentration). An assessment of the protocol's environmental impact indicated that attention must be devoted to eliminating the use of toxic reagents and developing its capability for in situ sampling and in-field analysis using portable instruments. The proposed TFME-based protocol provides clinical laboratories with a versatile, one-step tool that enables the simultaneous monitoring of fentanyl, methadone, and zolpidem using the most popular biological matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Goryński
- Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Seminaryjna 3, 85-326 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Łukasz Sobczak
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Jurasza 2, 85-089 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Dominika Kołodziej
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Jurasza 2, 85-089 Bydgoszcz, Poland
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Li K, Gong X, Jin L, Liu M, Hua M. Analysis of 14 β-agonists in pork using an automated wooden tip-based solid-phase microextraction device and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2024; 47:e2300716. [PMID: 38234024 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202300716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
This study introduces a cost-effective, automated ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for the detection of 14 β-agonists in pork using a novel solid-phase microextraction probe composed of polyacrylonitrile and molecularly imprinted polymer. Integrated into an automated extraction device, the probe optimizes extraction prior to analysis while reducing expenses and time compared to traditional solid-phase extraction procedures. The method validation followed the Chinese National Standard (GB/T 27404-2008) and examined limits of detection, limits of quantification, matrix effects, linearity, intraday, and interday precision. Average recovery rates ranged from 71.6% to 82.2%, with relative standard deviations less than 15%. Limits of detection and limits of quantification ranged from 0.09 to 0.39 and 0.27 to 0.99 μg/kg, respectively. The new method identified positive samples more accurately than the current National Standard GB/T 31658.22-2022 and demonstrated its potential for routine assessment and regulatory compliance in the detection of β-agonists in pork.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Li
- Comprehensive Technical Service Center of Weifang Customs, Weifang, China
| | - Xiaoming Gong
- Comprehensive Technical Service Center of Weifang Customs, Weifang, China
| | - Liming Jin
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, Ministry of Education, Dalian Nationalities University, Dalian, China
| | - Mengxiao Liu
- Comprehensive Technical Service Center of Weifang Customs, Weifang, China
| | - Mengmeng Hua
- Comprehensive Technical Service Center of Weifang Customs, Weifang, China
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Woźniczka K, Konieczyński P, Plenis A, Bączek T, Roszkowska A. SPME as a green sample-preparation technique for the monitoring of phytocannabinoids and endocannabinoids in complex matrices. J Pharm Anal 2023; 13:1117-1134. [PMID: 38024858 PMCID: PMC10657972 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2023.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system (ECS), particularly its signaling pathways and ligands, has garnered considerable interest in recent years. Along with clinical work investigating the ECS' functions, including its role in the development of neurological and inflammatory conditions, much research has focused on developing analytical protocols enabling the precise monitoring of the levels and metabolism of the most potent ECS ligands: exogenous phytocannabinoids (PCs) and endogenous cannabinoids (endocannabinoids, ECs). Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) is an advanced, non-exhaustive sample-preparation technique that facilitates the precise and efficient isolation of trace amounts of analytes, thus making it appealing for the analysis of PCs and ECs in complex matrices of plant and animal/human origin. In this paper, we review recent forensic medicine and toxicological studies wherein SPME has been applied to monitor levels of PCs and ECs in complex matrices, determine their effects on organism physiology, and assess their role in the development of several diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Woźniczka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Paweł Konieczyński
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Alina Plenis
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Tomasz Bączek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Anna Roszkowska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
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Zhou W, Wieczorek MN, Pawliszyn J. High throughput and automated solid-phase microextraction and determination by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry for the analysis of mycotoxins in beer. Food Chem 2023; 426:136557. [PMID: 37311300 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
There is high demand for rapid screening of toxics in food analysis. In this study, a new high-throughput and automated solid-phase microextraction (SPME) system was employed for the sample preparation of mycotoxins in beers. Matrix compatible SPME blades with thin coating layer were used, which significantly decreased the matrix effects in beer samples (≤ 12%). This SPME system allows 96 samples to be processed automatically and simultaneously with average preparation time of 57 s per sample. After sample preparation, the 96-well plate with desorption solution was sealed with a thin film and put into the LC-MS sampler for analysis via positive/negative ESI switching mode. The results also showed good sensitivity (limits of detection between 0.02 and 3 ng/mL) with R2≥ 0.9971, reproducibility (intra- and inter-day ≤ 8% and ≤ 13%, respectively), and accuracy (recoveries between 79% and 121%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Martyna N Wieczorek
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada; Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Janusz Pawliszyn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.
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Liu YJ, Bian Y, Zhang Y, Zhang YX, Ren A, Lin SH, Feng XS, Zhang XY. Diuretics in Different Samples: Update on the Pretreatment and Analysis Techniques. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2023:1-33. [PMID: 37130012 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2023.2202260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Diuretics are drugs that promote the excretion of water and electrolytes in the body and produce diuretic effects. Clinically, they are often used in the treatment of edema caused by various reasons and hypertension. In sports, diuretics are banned by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA). Therefore, in order to monitor blood drug concentration, identify drug quality and maintain the fairness of sports competition, accurate, rapid, highly selective and sensitive detection methods are essential. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the pretreatment and detection of diuretics in various samples since 2015. Commonly used techniques to extract diuretics include liquid-liquid extraction, liquid-phase microextraction, solid-phase extraction, solid-phase microextraction, among others. Determination methods include methods based on liquid chromatography, fluorescent spectroscopy, electrochemical sensor method, capillary electrophoresis and so on. The advantages and disadvantages of various pretreatment and analytical techniques are elaborated. In addition, future development prospects of these techniques are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Jie Liu
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yu Bian
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yi-Xin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ai Ren
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shu-Han Lin
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
| | - Xue-Song Feng
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xin-Yuan Zhang
- School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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9
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Zhang C, Wang S, Jin J, Luo H, Wang Y, Chen X. Photoluminescence Sensing of Soluble Lead in Children's Crayons Using Perovskite Nanocrystal In Situ Growth on an Aluminum Hydroxide Layer. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:213. [PMID: 36831979 PMCID: PMC9954079 DOI: 10.3390/bios13020213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a fluorescence sensing approach for lead ion (Pb2+) was developed using in situ growth of methylamine lead bromine (MAPbBr3) perovskite on an aluminum hydroxide (Al(OH)3) thin layer. The Al(OH)3 thin layer could be obtained on a glass slide by liquid phase deposition and is of a large specific surface area and insoluble in water. After sulfhydryl functionalization, the Al(OH)3 thin layer reveals effective adsorption and excellent enrichment ability to Pb2+ and is additionally used as the substrate for the in situ growth of lead halogen perovskite. The fluorescence sensing of Pb2+ could be realized by the fluorescence intensity of lead halogen perovskite on the Al(OH)3 layer. The linear relationship between the fluorescence intensity and the concentration of Pb2+ was found in the range from 80 to 1500 mg/kg. The detection limit of Pb2+ is found to be 40 mg/kg, which is lower than the maximum permission of lead residue in student products (90 mg/kg) stipulated by the National Standard of the People's Republic of China (GB21027-2020). After being grinded and pre-treated, soluble lead in watercolor paint and crayon samples can be extracted by the sulfhydryl functionalization Al(OH)3 layer, then lead halogen perovskite can be generated in situ on the layer to achieve the fluorescence sensing for the determination of soluble lead in the samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhang
- Institute of Analytical Technology and Smart Instruments, College of Environment and Public Healthy, Xiamen Huaxia University, Xiamen 361024, China
| | - Shuya Wang
- Department of Chemistry and the MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jingwen Jin
- Institute of Analytical Technology and Smart Instruments, College of Environment and Public Healthy, Xiamen Huaxia University, Xiamen 361024, China
| | - Hezhou Luo
- SEPL Quality Inspection Technology Service Co., Ltd., Fuzhou 350000, China
| | - Yiru Wang
- Department of Chemistry and the MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Chemistry and the MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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Zhou W, Pawliszyn J. Coated Blade Spray with a Barrier: Improving Negative Electrospray Ionization and Sample Preparation. Anal Chem 2022; 94:15879-15886. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c04003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, OntarioN2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Janusz Pawliszyn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, OntarioN2L 3G1, Canada
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Designing an "all-in-one" microextraction capsule device for the liquid chromatographic-fluorescence determination of doxorubicin and its metabolites in rat plasma. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1680:463432. [PMID: 36041251 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In this study, an "all-in-one" microextraction device was designed and fabricated for the extraction of doxorubicin and its two metabolites from rat plasma prior to their determination by high performance liquid chromatography coupled to fluorescence detector. A sol-gel-based sorbent was synthesized in situ and incorporated within two conjoined porous polypropylene tubes together with a cylindrical magnetic bar in order to avoid the need of an external stirring bar. Among other sorbents investigated, the moderately polar sol-gel poly(tetrahydrofuran) was found to be advantageous due to its high affinity toward the target analytes. Systematic investigation of the critical parameters affecting the adsorption and the desorption step was carried out. Due to the "built-in" filtration mechanism of the porous microextraction capsules, the isolation of the analytes was performed directly in the plasma matrix without any previous sample pretreatment (i.e., protein precipitation, centrifugation, etc.). The proposed method was validated in terms of linearity, accuracy, precision, specificity, sensitivity, and stability according to the FDA guidelines. The limits of detection ranged between 1 - 2 ng mL-1 while the lower limits of quantitation of the analytes were calculated as 10 ng mL-1. The accuracy (% relative error) was found within -9.7 - 15.3% under both intra- and inter-day conditions. The precision was better than 13.4% in all cases. ComplexGAPI index was employed to present the green attributes of the developed protocol from the preparation of the microextraction device to the final determination of the analytes. Finally, the applicability of the fabricated stand-alone extraction device was demonstrated in the analysis of the target analytes in rat plasma after intravenous administration of doxorubicin in order to assess its pharmacokinetic profile.
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Zhou W, Nazdrajić E, Pawliszyn J. Rapid Screening and Quantitation of Drugs of Abuse by Both Positive and Negative Modes via Coated Blade Spray-Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2022; 33:1187-1193. [PMID: 35609124 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.2c00040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Solid-phase microextraction (SPME)-direct mass spectrometry (MS) has proven to be an efficient tool for the rapid screening and quantitation of target compounds at trace levels. However, it is challenging to perform screening using both positive and negative modes in one analytical run without compromising scanning speed and detection sensitivity. To take advantage of the special geometry of a coated blade spray (CBS) blade, which consists of two flat sides coated with the same SPME coating, we developed a CBS-MS method that enables desorption and ionization to be performed in positive ionization mode on one side of a coated blade and negative ionization mode on the other side of the same blade. By simply flipping the blade 180°, MS analysis in both ionization modes on different sides can be completed in 40 s. Combining this approach with an automated Concept 96-blade-based SPME system allowed analysis for one sample in positive and negative modes to be completed in less than 1 min. The workflow was optimized by using a biocompatible polyacrylonitrile as an undercoating layer and a binder of polyacrylonitrile/hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) particles, which enabled the rapid analysis of 20 drugs of abuse in saliva samples in both positive and negative modes. The proposed method provided low limits of quantification (between 0.005 and 10 ng/mL), with calibration linear correlation coefficients ⩾ 0.9925, accuracy between 72% and 126%, and relative precision < 15% for three validation points.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Emir Nazdrajić
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Janusz Pawliszyn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
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Sobczak Ł, Kołodziej D, Goryński K. Modifying current thin-film microextraction (TFME) solutions for analyzing prohibited substances: Evaluating new coatings using liquid chromatography. J Pharm Anal 2022; 12:470-480. [PMID: 35811627 PMCID: PMC9257446 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2021.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
For identifying and quantifying prohibited substances, solid-phase microextraction (SPME) continues to arouse interest as a sample preparation method. However, the practical implementation of this method in routine laboratory testing is currently hindered by the limited number of coatings compatible with the ubiquitous high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) systems. Only octadecyl (C18) and polydimethylsiloxane/divinylbenzene ligands are currently marketed for this purpose. To address this situation, the present study evaluated 12 HPLC-compatible coatings, including several chemistries not currently used in this application. The stationary phases of SPME devices in the geometry of thin film-coated blades were prepared by applying silica particles bonded with various functional ligands (C18, octyl, phenyl-hexyl, 3-cyanopropyl, benzenesulfonic acid, and selected combinations of these), as well as unbonded silica, to a metal support. Most of these chemistries have not been previously used as microextraction coatings. The 48 most commonly misused substances were selected to assess the extraction efficacy of each coating, and eight desorption solvent compositions were used to optimize the desorption conditions. All samples were analyzed using an HPLC system coupled with triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry. This evaluation enables selection of the best-performing coatings for quantifying prohibited substances and investigates the relationship between extraction efficacy and the physicochemical characteristics of the analytes. Ultimately, using the most suitable coatings is essential for trace-level analysis of chemically diverse prohibited substances.
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Zhang XW, Chu YJ, Li YH, Li XJ. Matrix compatibility of typical sol-gel solid-phase microextraction coatings in undiluted plasma and whole blood for the analysis of phthalic acid esters. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:2493-2503. [PMID: 35171297 PMCID: PMC8853384 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-03890-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Sol-gel materials have been widely used for solid-phase microextraction (SPME) coatings due to their outstanding performance; in contrast, sol-gel SPME coatings have seldom been used for in vivo sampling. The main reason is that their matrix compatibility is unclear. In order to promote the application of this type of coating and accelerate the development of in vivo SPME, in this study, the matrix compatibility of several typical sol-gel coatings was assessed in plasma and whole blood using phthalic acid esters as analytes. The service life of five kinds of sol-gel coatings was among 20-35 times in undiluted plasma, while it was 27 times for a homemade commercial polydimethylsiloxane coating, which indicates good matrix compatibility of sol-gel coatings in untreated plasma. The sol-gel hydroxy-terminated silicone oil/methacrylic acid fiber achieved the highest extraction ability among all of the fibers, and it was tested in pig whole blood. It could be continuously used for at least 22 times, demonstrating good potential for in vivo sampling. Subsequently, a direct-immersion SPME/gas chromatography-flame ionization detection method was established for the determination of 5 phthalic acid esters in blood. Compared with other methods reported in the literature, this method is rapid, simple, sensitive, and accurate, and does not need expensive instruments or tedious procedures. A simulation system of animal blood circulation was constructed to verify the practicability of sol-gel SPME coatings in animal vein sampling. The result illustrated the feasibility of that coating for in vivo blood sampling, but a more accurate quantification calibration approach needs to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Ministry of Education), College of Food Science &Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yao-Juan Chu
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Ministry of Education), College of Food Science &Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yu-Hao Li
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Ministry of Education), College of Food Science &Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xiu-Juan Li
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Ministry of Education), College of Food Science &Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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15
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Kołodziej D, Sobczak Ł, Goryński K. Polyamide Noncoated Device for Adsorption-Based Microextraction and Novel 3D Printed Thin-Film Microextraction Supports. Anal Chem 2022; 94:2764-2771. [PMID: 35113529 PMCID: PMC8851416 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c03672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Polyamide noncoated
device for adsorption-based microextraction
(PANDA microextraction) is a brand new, easy to prepare, environmentally
friendly, inexpensive, and efficient sample preparation method created
entirely with the use of 3D printing. The proposed method is based
on the extractive proprieties of the unmodified polyamide and carbon
fiber blends and is compared with the highly selective thin-film microextraction
(TFME). In addition, 3D printing was used to simplify the process
of TFME. Prototype sample preparation devices were evaluated by the
extraction of oral fluid spiked with 38 small molecules with diverse
chemical natures, such as lipophilicity in the log P range of 0.2–7.2. The samples were analyzed by high-performance
liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. The results
indicate that chemically and thermally resistant 3D printed supports
can be successfully used as a cost-saving, environmentally friendly
solution for the preparation of TFME devices, alternative to the conventional
metal supports, with only marginal differences in the extraction yield
(mean = 4.0%, median = 1.8%, range = 0.0–22.3%, n = 38). Even more remarkably, in some cases, the newly proposed PANDA
microextraction method exceeded the reference TFME in terms of the
extraction efficacy and offered excellent sample cleanup as favorable
matrix effects were observed (mean = −8.5%, median = 7.5%,
range = −34.7–20.0%, n = 20). This
innovative approach paves the road to the simplified sample preparation
with the use of emerging extractive 3D printing polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Kołodziej
- Bioanalysis Scientific Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz at Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Jurasza 2, 85-089 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Łukasz Sobczak
- Bioanalysis Scientific Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz at Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Jurasza 2, 85-089 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Goryński
- Bioanalysis Scientific Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz at Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Jurasza 2, 85-089 Bydgoszcz, Poland
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Azizi A, Shahhoseini F, Bottaro CS. Biological matrix compatible porous thin film for quick extraction of drugs of abuse from urine prior to liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. Talanta 2022; 241:123264. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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17
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Kumar A, Sharma C. Advances in the analytical methods for the determination of fluorinated aromatic carboxylic acids in aqueous matrices: A review. J Sep Sci 2021; 45:78-93. [PMID: 34816578 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Fluorobenzoic acids are critically important chemical tracers in hydrothermal, geothermal, leaching, and oilfield applications. Particularly in oilfield applications, these tracers are used to investigate fluid flow paths between injector wells and producer wells, providing valuable information about the enhanced oil recovery process of the oil reservoirs. The detection limit of tracers is a vital subject in field reservoir work because the amount of chemical tracer that must be injected into the injector well is directly related to the amount detected at the producer well after migration and diffusion. The popularity of fluorinated benzoic acids as the tracers is due to their non-toxicity over radioactive tracers and low detection limit, which is determined using analytical techniques. This review focuses on the improvements/developments in extraction techniques such as solid-phase extraction and determination techniques such as gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry, liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry, isotope dilution gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, high-performance liquid chromatography, ion chromatography coupled with electrospray mass spectrometry, and so on for the analysis of fluorinated benzoic acids to achieve the lowest possible limit of concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuj Kumar
- GC-MS Laboratory, Department of Paper Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Saharanpur Campus, Saharanpur, India
| | - Chhaya Sharma
- GC-MS Laboratory, Department of Paper Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Saharanpur Campus, Saharanpur, India
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18
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Benefits of Innovative and Fully Water-Compatible Stationary Phases of Thin-Film Microextraction (TFME) Blades. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26154413. [PMID: 34361565 PMCID: PMC8347298 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Octadecyl (C18) groups are arguably the most popular ligands used for preparation of solid phase microextraction (SPME) devices. However, conventional C18-bonded silica particles are not fully compatible with the nearly 100% aqueous composition of typical biological samples (e.g., plasma, saliva, or urine). This study presents the first evaluation of thin-film SPME devices coated with special water-compatible C18-bonded particles. Device performance was assessed by extracting a mixture of 30 model compounds that exhibited various chemical structures and properties, such as hydrophobicity. Additionally, nine unique compositions of desorption solvents were tested. Thin-film SPME devices coated with C18-bonded silica particles with polar end-capping groups (10 µm) were compared with conventional trimethylsilane end-capped C18-bonded silica particles of various sizes (5, 10, and 45 µm) and characteristics. Polar end-capped particles provided the best extraction efficacy and were characterized by the strongest correlations between the efficacy of the extraction process and the hydrophobicity of the analytes. The results suggest that the original features of octadecyl ligands are best preserved in aqueous conditions by polar end-capped particles, unlike with conventional trimethylsilane end-capped particles that are currently used to prepare SPME devices. The benefits associated with this improved type of coating encourage further implementation of microextractraction as greener alternative to the traditional sample preparation methods.
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Jafari Z, Hadjmohammadi MR. Polyvinylidene difluoride film with embedded poly(amidoamine) modified graphene oxide for extraction of chlorpyrifos and diazinon. Mikrochim Acta 2021; 188:37. [PMID: 33427963 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-020-04694-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
An effective, sensitive, relatively fast, and cost-effective method was developed to determine two types of selected organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) including diazinon and chlorpyrifos in apple, peach, and four different water samples (river, sea, well, and agriculture wastewater samples) through applying poly(amidoamine)@graphene oxide-reinforced polyvinylidene difluoride thin-film microextraction (PAMAM@GO-PVDF-TFME). The extracted analytes were desorbed via organic solvent and determined using high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detection (HPLC-UV). The strong interactions between the sorbent and selected analytes (coordination bonds, intermolecular hydrogen bonding, π-π interactions, and hydrophobic effects) made this TFME capable of high extraction performance and capacity. Several factors involved in the PAMAM@GO-PVDF-TFME experiments such as desorption volume, desorption time, sample pH, extraction time, and stirring rate were screened via Plackett-Burman design and then optimized through Box-Behnken design with the purpose of reaching the highest extraction efficiency. The above method showed a good linear range (0.5-500 μg L-1 and 1-500 μg L-1) with the coefficient of determination better 0.9944, low limits of determination (0.12 and 0.20 μg L-1), good enrichment factors (99 and 98), acceptable extraction recoveries (99 and 98%), and good spiking recoveries (90-98%) under the optimized condition at three different spike levels for chlorpyrifos and diazinon, respectively. The results confirmed that the presented method would be promising for the determination of various types of these pesticides in environmental and beverage samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Jafari
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Mazandaran, Niroo Havayii Boulevard, Babolsar, 47416-95447, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Hadjmohammadi
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Mazandaran, Niroo Havayii Boulevard, Babolsar, 47416-95447, Iran.
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20
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Reyes-Garcés N, Boyacı E, Gómez-Ríos GA, Olkowicz M, Monnin C, Bojko B, Vuckovic D, Pawliszyn J. Assessment of solid phase microextraction as a sample preparation tool for untargeted analysis of brain tissue using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1638:461862. [PMID: 33433374 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This work presents an evaluation of solid-phase microextraction (SPME) SPME in combination with liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) as an analytical approach for untargeted brain analysis. The study included a characterization of the metabolite coverage provided by C18, mixed-mode (MM, with benzene sulfonic acid and C18 functionalities), and hydrophilic lipophilic balanced (HLB) particles as sorbents in SPME coatings after extraction from cow brain homogenate at static conditions. The effects of desorption solvent, extraction time, and chromatographic modes on the metabolite features detected were investigated. Method precision and absolute matrix effects were also assessed. Among the main findings of this work, it was observed that all three tested coating chemistries were able to provide comparable brain tissue information. HLB provided higher responses for polar metabolites; however, as these fibers were prepared in-house, higher inter-fiber relative standard deviations were also observed. C18 and HLB coatings offered similar responses with respect to lipid-related features, whereas MM and C18 provided the best results in terms of method precision. Our results also showed that the use of methanol is essential for effective desorption of non-polar metabolites. Using a reversed-phase chromatographic method, an average of 800 and 1200 brain metabolite features detected in positive and negative modes, respectively, met inter-fibre RSD values below 30% (n=4) after removal of fibre and solvent artefacts from the associated datasets. For features detected using a lipidomics method, a total of 900 and 1800 features detected using C18 fibers in positive and negative mode, respectively, met the same criteria. In terms of absolute matrix effects, the majority of the model metabolites tested showed values between 80 and 120%, which are within the acceptable range. Overall, the findings of this work lay the foundation for further optimization of parameters for SPME-LC-HRMS methods suitable for in vivo and ex vivo brain (and other tissue) untargeted studies, and support the applicability of this approach for non-destructive tissue metabolomics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ezel Boyacı
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | | | - Mariola Olkowicz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Cian Monnin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Concordia University, Montreal QC H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Barbara Bojko
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Dajana Vuckovic
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Concordia University, Montreal QC H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Janusz Pawliszyn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.
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21
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Rickert DA, Singh V, Thirukumaran M, Grandy JJ, Belinato JR, Lashgari M, Pawliszyn J. Comprehensive Analysis of Multiresidue Pesticides from Process Water Obtained from Wastewater Treatment Facilities Using Solid-Phase Microextraction. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:15789-15799. [PMID: 33237731 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c04875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A novel magnetic blade spray-tandem mass spectrometry (MBS-MS/MS) assay was developed and optimized, and its performance was characterized for the analysis of 204 pesticides from wastewater treatment facility (WWTF) process water. These results were compared and experimentally validated with an untargeted, high-resolution MS (HRMS) approach that employed liquid chromatography (LC)-amenable thin-film microextraction (TFME) devices to further elucidate the fate of pesticides through the WWTF process. As a result of our optimizations, we report an optimized workflow with an extraction time of 10 min, 150 μg of magnetic HLB particles, and 5 s of desorption. Excellent linearity was obtained for 168 of the 204 pesticides in deionized water, where 90% of the quantifiable pesticides had a determination coefficient (R2) of 0.99 across 3 orders of magnitude and 80% had limits of quantification below 0.5 ng/mL. We subsequently applied our optimized MBS-MS/MS method for the analysis of samples collected during the various stages of wastewater treatment from two WWTFs in Southern Ontario. This article presents a new streamlined methodology with a fast turnaround time for analyzing a large panel of pesticides, ultimately providing us the opportunity to evaluate the performance of two WWTFs for their efficacy in removing these toxic chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Rickert
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Varoon Singh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Milaan Thirukumaran
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Jonathan J Grandy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - João Raul Belinato
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Maryam Lashgari
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Janusz Pawliszyn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
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22
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Therapeutic drug monitoring of tranexamic acid in plasma and urine of renally impaired patients using solid phase microextraction. Talanta 2020; 225:121945. [PMID: 33592700 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the research was to develop an improved solid phase microextraction (SPME)-based sampling protocol for the therapeutic drug monitoring of tranexamic acid (TXA) from plasma and urine of patients with chronic renal dysfunction (CRD) in order to correct the current dosing schedule to accommodate these patients. A 12-fold improvement in sampling efficiency (25 min for 96 samples -22 s per sample) was achieved with the use of hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB)-coated SPME devices, thereby enabling high throughput profiling of TXA in the plasma and urine of 49 CRD patients undergoing cardiac surgery. A limit of quantification of 10 μg/mL and 25 μg/mL was obtained for plasma and urine respectively while a method accuracy of 103-105% and a precision of less than 8% was achieved. The results from this study were ultimately used by clinicians at the Toronto General Hospital to design a corrective pharmacokinetic dosing schedule for CRD patients. This green method further presents potential application in the clinical field for the fast high throughput monitoring of TXA not only in plasma but also in urine - a biological matrix seldom explored for the analysis of TXA - without the need for solvent-assisted extraction, extensive sample pre-treatment or clean-up, derivatization or excessive pH adjustment to improve amenability for analytical separation.
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23
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Rapid determination of tacrolimus and sirolimus in whole human blood by direct coupling of solid-phase microextraction to mass spectrometry via microfluidic open interface. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1144:53-60. [PMID: 33453797 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.11.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Immunosuppressive drugs are administered to decrease immune system activity (e.g. of patients undergoing solid organ transplant). Concentrations of immunosuppressive drugs (ISDs) in circulating blood must be closely monitored during the period of immunosuppression therapy due to adverse effects that take place when concentration levels fall outside of the very narrow therapeutic concentration range of these drugs. This study presents the rapid determination of four relevant immunosuppressive drugs (tacrolimus, sirolimus, everolimus, and cyclosporine A) in whole human blood by directly coupling solid-phase microextraction to mass spectrometry via the microfluidic open interface (Bio-SPME-MOI-MS/MS). The BioSPME-MOI-MS/MS method offers ≤ 10% imprecision of in-house prepared quality controls over a 10-day period, ≤ 10% imprecision of ClinCal® Recipe calibrators over a three-day period, and single total turnaround time of ∼ 60 min (4.5 min for high throughput). The limits of quantification were determined to be 0.8 ng mL-1 for tacrolimus, 0.7 ng mL-1 sirolimus, 1.0 ng mL-1 for everolimus, and 0.8 ng mL-1 for cyclosporine. The limits of detection were determined to be 0.3 ng mL-1 for tacrolimus, 0.2 ng mL-1 for sirolimus, 0.3 ng mL-1 for everolimus, and 0.3 ng mL-1 for cyclosporine A. The R2 values for all analytes were above 0.9992 with linear dynamic range from 1.0 mL-1 to 50.0 ng mL-1 for tacrolimus, sirolimus, and everolimus while from 2.5 ng mL-1 to 500.0 ng mL-1 for cyclosporine A. To further evaluate the performance of the present method, 95 residual whole blood samples of tacrolimus and sirolimus from patients undergoing immunosuppression therapy were used to compare the Bio-SPME-MOI-MS/MS method against a clinically validated reference method based on chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay, showing acceptable results. Our results demonstrated that Bio-SPME-MOI-MS/MS can be considered as a suitable alternative to existing methods for the determination of immunosuppressive drugs in whole blood providing faster analysis, better selectivity and sensitivity, and a wider dynamic range than current existing approaches.
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Jafari Z, Hadjmohammadi MR. In situ growth of zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 on woven cotton yarn for the thin film microextraction of quercetin in human plasma and food samples. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1131:45-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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25
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Protti M, Mandrioli R, Mercolini L. Quantitative microsampling for bioanalytical applications related to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: Usefulness, benefits and pitfalls. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 191:113597. [PMID: 32927419 PMCID: PMC7456588 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 emergency sparks the need for diagnostic and therapeutic actions. Microsampling is emerging in as an attractive alternative to traditional sampling. Advantages and challenges of the main microsampling techniques are reported. Available microsampling applications of interest for SARS-CoV-2 are described. Most useful information for researchers and clinicians are gathered and provided.
The multiple pathological effects of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, and its total novelty, mean that currently a lot of diagnostic and therapeutic tools, established and tentative alike, are needed to treat patients in a timely, effective way. In order to make these tools more reliable, faster and more feasible, biological fluid microsampling techniques could provide many advantages. In this review, the most important microsampling techniques are considered (dried matrix spots, volumetric absorptive microsampling, microfluidics and capillary microsampling, solid phase microextraction) and their respective advantages and disadvantages laid out. Moreover, currently available microsampling applications of interest for SARS-CoV-2 therapy are described, in order to make them as much widely known as possible, hopefully providing useful information to researchers and clinicians alike.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Protti
- Research Group of Pharmaco-Toxicological Analysis (PTA Lab), Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Roberto Mandrioli
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Corso d'Augusto 237, 47921 Rimini, Italy
| | - Laura Mercolini
- Research Group of Pharmaco-Toxicological Analysis (PTA Lab), Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
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26
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Maciążek-Jurczyk M, Bessonneau V, Ings J, Bragg L, McMaster M, Servos MR, Bojko B, Pawliszyn J. Development of a thin-film solid-phase microextraction (TF-SPME) method coupled to liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry for high-throughput determination of steroid hormones in white sucker fish plasma. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:4183-4194. [PMID: 32361868 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02657-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Steroid hormones (SH) play a number of important physiological roles in vertebrates including fish. Changes in SH concentration significantly affect reproduction, differentiation, development, or metabolism. The objective of this study was to develop an in vitro high-throughput thin-film solid-phase microextraction (TF-SPME)-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for targeted analysis of endogenous SH (cortisol, testosterone, progesterone, estrone (E1), 17β-estradiol (E2), and 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2)) in wild white sucker fish plasma where the concentrations of the analytes are substantially low. A simple TF-SPME method enabled the simultaneous determination of free and total SH concentrations. The use of biocompatible coating allowed direct extraction of these hormones from complex biological samples without prior preparation. The carryover was less than 3%, thereby ensuring reusability of the devices and reproducibility. The results showed that TF-SPME was suitable for the analysis of compounds in the polarity range between 1.28 and 4.31 such as SH at different physicochemical properties. The proposed method was validated according to bioanalytical method validation guidelines. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification(LOQ) for cortisol, testosterone, progesterone, E1, E2, and EE2 were from 0.006 to 0.150 ng/mL and from 0.020 to 0.500 ng/mL, respectively. The recovery for the method was about 85%, and the accuracy and precision of the method for cortisol, testosterone, and progesterone were ≤ 6.0% and ≤ 11.2%, respectively, whereas those for E1, E2, and EE2 were ≤ 15.0% and ≤ 10.2%, respectively. On the basis of this study, TF-SPME demonstrated several important advantages such as simplicity, sensitivity, and robustness under laboratory conditions. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Maciążek-Jurczyk
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada.,Department of Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 41-200, Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Vincent Bessonneau
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Jennifer Ings
- Enviroment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, Ontario, L7S 1A1, Canada
| | - Leslie Bragg
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, N2L 3G1, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark McMaster
- Enviroment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, Ontario, L7S 1A1, Canada
| | - Mark R Servos
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, N2L 3G1, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Barbara Bojko
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada.,Department of Pharmacodynamics and Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-089, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Janusz Pawliszyn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada.
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Cárdenas-Soracá DM, Singh V, Nazdrajić E, Vasiljević T, Grandy JJ, Pawliszyn J. Development of thin-film solid-phase microextraction coating and method for determination of artificial sweeteners in surface waters. Talanta 2020; 211:120714. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.120714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Revised: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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28
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Zhang Z, Zhao H, Shen Q, Qi P, Wang X, Xu H, Di S, Wang Z. High‐throughput determination of fungicides in grapes using thin‐film microextraction coupled with liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2020; 43:1558-1565. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201900900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zong‐hui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Institute of Advanced MaterialsJiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced MaterialsNanjing Tech University Nanjing P. R. China
- Institute of Quality and Standards for Agricultural ProductsZhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Hangzhou P. R. China
| | - Hui‐yu Zhao
- Institute of Quality and Standards for Agricultural ProductsZhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Hangzhou P. R. China
| | - Qian Shen
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Institute of Advanced MaterialsJiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced MaterialsNanjing Tech University Nanjing P. R. China
| | - Pei‐pei Qi
- Institute of Quality and Standards for Agricultural ProductsZhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Hangzhou P. R. China
| | - Xin‐quan Wang
- Institute of Quality and Standards for Agricultural ProductsZhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Hangzhou P. R. China
| | - Hao Xu
- Institute of Quality and Standards for Agricultural ProductsZhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Hangzhou P. R. China
| | - Shan‐shan Di
- Institute of Quality and Standards for Agricultural ProductsZhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Hangzhou P. R. China
| | - Zhi‐wei Wang
- Institute of Quality and Standards for Agricultural ProductsZhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Hangzhou P. R. China
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29
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Matys J, Gieroba B, Jóźwiak K. Recent developments of bioanalytical methods in determination of neurotransmitters in vivo. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 180:113079. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.113079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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30
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Shahhoseini F, Azizi A, Egli SN, Bottaro CS. Single-use porous thin film extraction with gas chromatography atmospheric pressure chemical ionization tandem mass spectrometry for high-throughput analysis of 16 PAHs. Talanta 2020; 207:120320. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.120320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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31
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Azizi A, Shahhoseini F, Modir-Rousta A, Bottaro CS. High throughput direct analysis of water using solvothermal headspace desorption with porous thin films. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1087:51-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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32
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Portable stir membrane device for on-site environmental sampling and extraction. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1606:360359. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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33
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Seidi S, Tajik M, Baharfar M, Rezazadeh M. Micro solid-phase extraction (pipette tip and spin column) and thin film solid-phase microextraction: Miniaturized concepts for chromatographic analysis. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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34
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Mehrani Z, Ebrahimzadeh H, Asgharinezhad AA, Moradi E. Determination of copper in food and water sources using poly m-phenylenediamine/CNT electrospun nanofiber. Microchem J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2019.103975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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35
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Qian M, Zhang X, Zhao H, Ji X, Li X, Wang J, Wu H, Xu J, Li Z. A high‐throughput screening method for determination of multi‐antibiotics in animal feed. J Sep Sci 2019; 42:2968-2976. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201900144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mingrong Qian
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Plant Pest ControlInstitute of Quality and Standard for Agro‐productsZhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Hangzhou P. R. China
| | - Xiaoming Zhang
- College of Chemical EngineeringZhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou P. R. China
| | - Huiyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Plant Pest ControlInstitute of Quality and Standard for Agro‐productsZhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Hangzhou P. R. China
| | - Xiaofeng Ji
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Plant Pest ControlInstitute of Quality and Standard for Agro‐productsZhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Hangzhou P. R. China
| | - Xiaodan Li
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Plant Pest ControlInstitute of Quality and Standard for Agro‐productsZhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Hangzhou P. R. China
| | - Jianmei Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Plant Pest ControlInstitute of Quality and Standard for Agro‐productsZhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Hangzhou P. R. China
| | - Huizhen Wu
- College of Biology and Environmental EngineeringZhejiang Shuren University Hangzhou P. R. China
| | - Jie Xu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Plant Pest ControlInstitute of Quality and Standard for Agro‐productsZhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Hangzhou P. R. China
| | - Zuguang Li
- College of Chemical EngineeringZhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou P. R. China
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36
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Hu B, Zheng B, Rickert D, Gómez-Ríos GA, Bojko B, Pawliszyn J, Yao ZP. Direct coupling of solid phase microextraction with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry: A Case study for detection of ketamine in urine. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1075:112-119. [PMID: 31196416 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.05.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) is a commonly used technique for analysis of various samples. Solid phase microextraction (SPME) is a simple and efficient technique that combines both sampling and sample preparation into one consolidated step, preconcentrating extracted analytes for ultra-sensitive analysis. Historically, SPME has been coupled with chromatography-based techniques for sample separation prior to analysis, however more recently, the chromatographic step has been omitted, with the SPME device directly coupled with the mass spectrometer. In this study, direct coupling of SPME with ESI-MS was developed, and extensively validated to quantitate ketamine from human urine, employing a practical experimental workflow and no extensive hardware modification to the equipment. Among the different fibers evaluated, SPME device coated with C18/benzenesulfonic acid particles was selected for the analysis due to its good selectivity and signal response. Different approaches, including desorption spray, dripping, desorption ESI and nano-ESI were attempted for elution and ionization of the analytes extracted using the SPME fibers. The results showed that the desorption spray and nano-ESI methods offered better signal response and signal duration than the others that were evaluated. The analytical performance of the SPME-nano-ESI-MS setup was excellent, including limit of detection (LOD) of 0.027 ng/mL, limit of quantitation (LOQ) of 0.1 ng/mL, linear range of 0.1-500.0 ng/mL (R2 = 0.9995) and recoveries of 90.8-109.4% with RSD 3.4-10.6% for three validation points at 4.0, 40.0 and 400.0 ng/mL, far better than the performance of conventional methods. The results herein presented, demonstrated that the direct coupling of SPME fibers with ESI-MS-based systems allowed for the simple and ultra-sensitive determination of analytes from raw samples such as human urine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Food Safety and Technology Research Centre and Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology (Incubation) and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Food Biological Safety Control, Shenzhen Research Institute of The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Shenzhen, 518057, China; Institute of Mass Spectrometer and Atmospheric Environment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for On-line Source Apportionment System of Air Pollution, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Bo Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Food Safety and Technology Research Centre and Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology (Incubation) and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Food Biological Safety Control, Shenzhen Research Institute of The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Daniel Rickert
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | | | - Barbara Bojko
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Janusz Pawliszyn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada.
| | - Zhong-Ping Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Food Safety and Technology Research Centre and Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology (Incubation) and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Food Biological Safety Control, Shenzhen Research Institute of The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Shenzhen, 518057, China.
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37
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Electrochemically decorated network-like cobalt oxide nanosheets on nickel oxide nanoworms substrate as a sorbent for the thin film microextraction of diclofenac. Microchem J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2018.12.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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38
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39
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Gorynski K. A critical review of solid-phase microextraction applied in drugs of abuse determinations and potential applications for targeted doping testing. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2018.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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40
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Recent advances in microextraction procedures for determination of amphetamines in biological samples. Bioanalysis 2019; 11:437-460. [DOI: 10.4155/bio-2018-0207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Amphetamine and its related derivatives have stimulant and hallucinogenic properties. Illegal use of these drugs is an increasing global problem resulting in significant public health and legal problems. Deaths have been reported after intake of these drugs due to overdose. It is important to determine the type and concentration of illicit drugs in biological samples. These compounds are found in complex matrices at low concentration levels. The microextraction techniques are dominant sample preparation procedure and they are widely accepted as the most labor-intensive part of the bioanalytical process. For this purpose, a survey of recent published advances in microextraction procedures for quantification of amphetamines in biological samples found in the different databases from 2008 to date will be conducted.
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41
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Enteshari Najafabadi M, Kazemi E, Bagheri H. Gradient extractive phase prepared by controlled rate infusion method: An applicable approach in solid phase microextraction for non-targeted analysis. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1574:130-135. [PMID: 30195859 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to introduce an extractive phase based on gradient concept by continuous changing in chemical functional groups for non-targeted analysis. For this purpose, three different two-component coatings containing (3-aminopropyl)trimethoxysilane (APTES) as polar and either phenyltriethoxysilane (PTES), octyl-trimethoxysilane (OTMS) or methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMS) as nonpolar precursors were formed on the modified stainless steel wires using controlled rate infusion (CRI) method. The presence of polar and/or non-polar functional groups on the surface of substrate was evaluated by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) together with contact angles determined alongside the gradient surface. The morphology and thickness of the prepared fibers were also investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Furthermore, uniform single-component fibers from polar (APTES) and nonpolar (PTES) coatings were fabricated in order to be compared with the gradient sorbent. The gradient phase was implemented as a fiber coating in headspace- or immersed-solid phase microextraction of various compounds including chlorobenzenes, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, chlorophenols and volatile organic compounds (Log Kow range: -0.77 to 4.64). Under the optimized condition, the limits of detection and quantification were obtained in the range of 0.01-0.5 μg L-1 and 0.05-1.5 μg L-1, respectively. The intra-day and inter-day relative standard deviations of 2-10% and 11-17% were achieved, respectively. The method was successfully applied to the extraction of VOCs from real water sample and relative recoveries were between 89 and 105%. The capability and efficiency of the gradient coating appears to be quite appropriate for non-targeted analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Enteshari Najafabadi
- Environmental and Bio-Analytical Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, P.O. Box 11365-9516, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elahe Kazemi
- Environmental and Bio-Analytical Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, P.O. Box 11365-9516, Tehran, Iran
| | - Habib Bagheri
- Environmental and Bio-Analytical Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, P.O. Box 11365-9516, Tehran, Iran.
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42
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Grandy JJ, Singh V, Lashgari M, Gauthier M, Pawliszyn J. Development of a Hydrophilic Lipophilic Balanced Thin Film Solid Phase Microextraction Device for Balanced Determination of Volatile Organic Compounds. Anal Chem 2018; 90:14072-14080. [PMID: 30372047 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b04544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan J. Grandy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L3G1, Canada
| | - Varoon Singh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L3G1, Canada
| | - Maryam Lashgari
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L3G1, Canada
| | - Mario Gauthier
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L3G1, Canada
| | - Janusz Pawliszyn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L3G1, Canada
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43
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Ghani M, Ghoreishi SM, Azamati M. Magnesium-aluminum-layered double hydroxide-graphene oxide composite mixed-matrix membrane for the thin-film microextraction of diclofenac in biological fluids. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1575:11-17. [PMID: 30253913 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Herein, the applicability of Mg-Al-layered double hydroxide-graphene oxide (LDH/GO) mixed-matrix membrane (MMM) for microextraction purposes is reported for the first time. The LDH/GO MMM was used as sorbent for the thin film microextraction (TFME) of diclofenac in human body fluids. The prepared LDH/GO composite has been incorporated into a mechanically stable polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) membrane. The contribution of GO in LDH/GO composites significantly improved the extraction efficiency of the TFME sorbent. After elution with methanol, diclofenac was quantified by high performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detection (HPLC-UV). Plackett-Burman design was used for screening the experimental factors of interest and specify the significant variables affecting the extraction efficiency. The effective factors were optimized using Box-Behnken design (BBD). Under the optimum conditions, limits of detections (LODs) were 0.14, 0.23 and 0.57 μg L-1 in water, urine and plasma samples, respectively. Limits of quantifications (LOQs) were 0.46, 0.76 and 1.8 μg L-1 in water, urine and plasma samples, respectively. Relative standard deviations (RSDs) at a spiked concentration of 10 μg L-1 were 6.7, 6.9 and 7.1% (as intra-day RSD) in water, urine and plasma samples, respectively. The linear dynamic ranges (LDRs) were in the range of 0.5-200 μg L-1. The applicability of the method was investigated by the extraction and determination of diclofenac in different biological fluids including urine and plasma samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Ghani
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
| | - Sayed Mehdi Ghoreishi
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran.
| | - Mostafa Azamati
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran
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Effect of Transport Parameters and Device Geometry on Extraction Kinetics and Efficiency in Direct Immersion Solid-phase Microextraction. Anal Chem 2018; 90:11548-11555. [PMID: 30146870 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b02855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
An alternative strategy to increase mass transfer entails geometry optimization of the extraction systems including design of solid-phase microextraction (SPME) probes. In this work, a computational model was employed to elucidate practical aspects such as efficiency and kinetics of extraction by employing several new geometries. Extraction of a model analyte at static conditions with the configurations, such as thin-film, fiber, coated tip, and nanoparticles, was numerically simulated to obtain an in-depth understanding of the advantages and limitations of each geometry in microextraction and exhaustive modes. The attained results associated with the equilibration time dependency on shape were in good agreement with previously reported experimental observations. They demonstrate that the mass-transfer is highly dependent on the size and shape of the coatings and increases with a decrease in size of the devices particularly rapidly below 10 μm caused by radial diffusion effect. Nevertheless, extractions performed using octadecyl-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles demonstrated that higher enrichment factors are achievable with the use of a fewer number of particles in comparison to factors achieved via exhaustive extraction, where a larger number of particles must be employed, confirming theoretical predictions. The conclusions reached are valid for any extraction method. The results obtained herein are very useful toward the design and optimization of future extraction technologies and approaches.
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45
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Roszkowska A, Tascon M, Bojko B, Goryński K, Dos Santos PR, Cypel M, Pawliszyn J. Equilibrium ex vivo calibration of homogenized tissue for in vivo SPME quantitation of doxorubicin in lung tissue. Talanta 2018; 183:304-310. [PMID: 29567180 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.02.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The fast and sensitive determination of concentrations of anticancer drugs in specific organs can improve the efficacy of chemotherapy and minimize its adverse effects. In this paper, ex vivo solid-phase microextraction (SPME) coupled to LC-MS/MS as a method for rapidly quantitating doxorubicin (DOX) in lung tissue was optimized. Furthermore, the theoretical and practical challenges related to the real-time monitoring of DOX levels in the lung tissue of a living organism (in vivo SPME) are presented. In addition, several parameters for ex vivo/in vivo SPME studies, such as extraction efficiency of autoclaved fibers, intact/homogenized tissue differences, critical tissue amount, and the absence of an internal standard are thoroughly examined. To both accurately quantify DOX in solid tissue and minimize the error related to the lack of an internal standard, a calibration method at equilibrium conditions was chosen. In optimized ex vivo SPME conditions, the targeted compound was extracted by directly introducing a 15 mm (45 µm thickness) mixed-mode fiber into 15 g of homogenized tissue for 20 min, followed by a desorption step in an optimal solvent mixture. The detection limit for DOX was 2.5 µg g-1 of tissue. The optimized ex vivo SPME method was successfully applied for the analysis of DOX in real pig lung biopsies, providing an averaged accuracy and precision of 103.2% and 12.3%, respectively. Additionally, a comparison between SPME and solid-liquid extraction revealed good agreement. The results presented herein demonstrate that the developed SPME method radically simplifies the sample preparation step and eliminates the need for tissue biopsies. These results suggest that SPME can accurately quantify DOX in different tissue compartments and can be potentially useful for monitoring and adjusting drug dosages during chemotherapy in order to achieve effective and safe concentrations of doxorubicin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Roszkowska
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Marcos Tascon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Barbara Bojko
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada; Department of Pharmacodynamics and Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Torun, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Goryński
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada; Department of Pharmacodynamics and Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Torun, Poland
| | - Pedro Reck Dos Santos
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network and Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Marcelo Cypel
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network and Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Janusz Pawliszyn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada.
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46
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Alam MN, Pawliszyn J. Effect of Binding Components in Complex Sample Matrices on Recovery in Direct Immersion Solid-Phase Microextraction: Friends or Foe? Anal Chem 2018; 90:2430-2433. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b05436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Md. Nazmul Alam
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Janusz Pawliszyn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
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47
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Reyes-Garcés N, Alam MN, Pawliszyn J. The effect of hematocrit on solid-phase microextraction. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1001:40-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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48
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Tascon M, Alam MN, Gómez-Ríos GA, Pawliszyn J. Development of a Microfluidic Open Interface with Flow Isolated Desorption Volume for the Direct Coupling of SPME Devices to Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2018; 90:2631-2638. [PMID: 29388761 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b04295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Technologies that efficiently integrate the sampling and sample preparation steps with direct introduction to mass spectrometry (MS), providing simple and sensitive analytical workflows as well as capabilities for automation, can generate a great impact in a vast variety of fields, such as in clinical, environmental, and food-science applications. In this study, a novel approach that facilitates direct coupling of Bio-SPME devices to MS using a microfluidic design is presented. This technology, named microfluidic open interface (MOI), which operates under the concept of flow-isolated desorption volume, consists of an open-to-ambient desorption chamber (V ≤ 7 μL) connected to an ionization source. Subsequently, compounds of interest are transported to the ionization source by means of the self-aspiration process intrinsic of these interfaces. Thus, any ionization technology that provides a reliable and constant suction, such as electrospray ionization (ESI), atmospheric-pressure chemical ionization (APCI), or inductively coupled plasma ionization (ICP), can be hyphenated to MOI. Using this setup, the desorption chamber is used to release target compounds from the coating, while the isolation of the flow enables the ionization source to be continuously fed with solvent, all without the necessity of employment of additional valves. As a proof of concept, the design was applied to an ESI-MS/MS system for experimental validation. Furthermore, numerical simulations were undertaken to provide a detailed understanding of the fluid flow pattern inside the interface, then used to optimize the system for better efficiency. The analytical workflow of the developed Bio-SPME-MOI-MS setup consists of the direct immersion of SPME fibers into the matrix to extract/enrich analytes of interest within a short period of time, followed by a rinsing step with water to remove potentially adhering proteins, salts, and/or other interfering compounds. Next, the fiber is inserted into the MOI for desorption of compounds of interest. Finally, the volume contained in the chamber is drained and moved toward the electrospray needle for ionization and direct introduction to MS. Aiming to validate the technology, the fast determination of selected immunosuppressive drugs (e.g., tacrolimus, cyclosporine, sirolimus, and everolimus) from 100 μL of whole blood was assessed. Limits of quantitation in the subppb range were obtained for all studied compounds. Good linearity (r2 ≥ 0.99) and excellent precision, with (8%) and without (14%) internal standard correction, were attained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Tascon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo , Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Md Nazmul Alam
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo , Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | | | - Janusz Pawliszyn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo , Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
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Coated blade spray: shifting the paradigm of direct sample introduction to MS. Bioanalysis 2018; 10:257-271. [DOI: 10.4155/bio-2017-0153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Coated blade spray (CBS) is a solid-phase microextraction-based technology that can be directly coupled to MS to enable the rapid qualitative and quantitative analysis of complex matrices. The goal of this mini review is to concisely introduce CBS's operational fundamentals and to consider how it correlates/contrasts with existing direct-to-MS technologies suitable for bioanalytical applications. In addition, we provide a fair comparison of CBS to other existing solid-phase microextraction-to-MS approaches, as well as an overview of recent CBS applications/strategies that have been developed to analyze diverse compounds present in biofluids.
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50
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Boyacı E, Bojko B, Reyes-Garcés N, Poole JJ, Gómez-Ríos GA, Teixeira A, Nicol B, Pawliszyn J. High-throughput analysis using non-depletive SPME: challenges and applications to the determination of free and total concentrations in small sample volumes. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1167. [PMID: 29348436 PMCID: PMC5773572 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19313-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In vitro high-throughput non-depletive quantitation of chemicals in biofluids is of growing interest in many areas. Some of the challenges facing researchers include the limited volume of biofluids, rapid and high-throughput sampling requirements, and the lack of reliable methods. Coupled to the above, growing interest in the monitoring of kinetics and dynamics of miniaturized biosystems has spurred the demand for development of novel and revolutionary methodologies for analysis of biofluids. The applicability of solid-phase microextraction (SPME) is investigated as a potential technology to fulfill the aforementioned requirements. As analytes with sufficient diversity in their physicochemical features, nicotine, N,N-Diethyl-meta-toluamide, and diclofenac were selected as test compounds for the study. The objective was to develop methodologies that would allow repeated non-depletive sampling from 96-well plates, using 100 µL of sample. Initially, thin film-SPME was investigated. Results revealed substantial depletion and consequent disruption in the system. Therefore, new ultra-thin coated fibers were developed. The applicability of this device to the described sampling scenario was tested by determining the protein binding of the analytes. Results showed good agreement with rapid equilibrium dialysis. The presented method allows high-throughput analysis using small volumes, enabling fast reliable free and total concentration determinations without disruption of system equilibrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezel Boyacı
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada.,Department of Chemistry, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
| | - Barbara Bojko
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada.,Department of Pharmacodynamics and Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-067, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Nathaly Reyes-Garcés
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Justen J Poole
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Germán Augusto Gómez-Ríos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Alexandre Teixeira
- Unilever U.K., Safety and Environmental Assurance Centre, Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook Bedford, MK441LQ, United Kingdom
| | - Beate Nicol
- Unilever U.K., Safety and Environmental Assurance Centre, Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook Bedford, MK441LQ, United Kingdom
| | - Janusz Pawliszyn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada.
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