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Nilsson JM, Balgoma D, Pettersson C, Lennernäs H, Heindryckx F, Hedeland M. Ammonium bicarbonate buffers combined with hybrid surface technology columns improve the peak shape of strongly tailing lipids. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1316:342811. [PMID: 38969401 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.342811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lipids such as phosphatidic acids (PAs) and cardiolipins (CLs) present strongly tailing peaks in reversed phase liquid chromatography, which entails low detectability. They are usually analyzed by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC), which hampers high-throughput lipidomics. Thus, there is a great need for improved analytical methods in order to obtain a broader coverage of the lipidome in a single chromatographic method. We investigated the effect of ammonium bicarbonate (ABC) on peak asymmetry and detectability, in comparison with ammonium formate (AFO) on both a conventional BEH C18 column and an HST-CSH C18 column. RESULTS The combination of 2.5 mM ABC buffer pH 8 with an HST-CSH C18 column produced significantly improved results, reducing the asymmetry factor at 10 % peak height of PA 16:0/18:1 from 8.4 to 1.6. Furthermore, on average, there was up to a 54-fold enhancement in the peak height of its [M - H]- ion compared to AFO and the BEH C18 column. We confirmed this beneficial effect on other strongly tailing lipids, with accessible phosphate moieties e.g., cardiolipins, phosphatidylinositol phosphate, phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate, phosphorylated ceramide and phosphorylated sphingosine. Furthermore, we found an increased detectability of phospho- and sphingolipids up to 28 times in negative mode when using an HST-CSH C18 column. The method was successfully applied to mouse liver samples, where previously undetected endogenous phospholipids could be analyzed with improved chromatographic separation. SIGNIFICANCE In conclusion, the use of 2.5 mM ABC substantially improved the peak shape of PAs and enhanced the detectability of the lipidome in negative mode on an RPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS system on both BEH C18 and HST-CSH C18 columns. This method provides a wider coverage of the lipidome with one single injection for future lipidomic applications in negative mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny M Nilsson
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University, Box 574, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - David Balgoma
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University, Box 574, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden; Instituto de Biomedicina y Genética Molecular (IBGM), CSIC-Universidad de Valladolid, C/ Sanz y Forés 3, 47003, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Curt Pettersson
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University, Box 574, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hans Lennernäs
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University, Box 591, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Femke Heindryckx
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University, Box 571, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mikael Hedeland
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University, Box 574, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden.
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2
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Hachem M, Ahmmed MK, Nacir-Delord H. Phospholipidomics in Clinical Trials for Brain Disorders: Advancing our Understanding and Therapeutic Potentials. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:3272-3295. [PMID: 37981628 PMCID: PMC11087356 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03793-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Phospholipidomics is a specialized branch of lipidomics that focuses on the characterization and quantification of phospholipids. By using sensitive analytical techniques, phospholipidomics enables researchers to better understand the metabolism and activities of phospholipids in brain disorders such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. In the brain, identifying specific phospholipid biomarkers can offer valuable insights into the underlying molecular features and biochemistry of these diseases through a variety of sensitive analytical techniques. Phospholipidomics has emerged as a promising tool in clinical studies, with immense potential to advance our knowledge of neurological diseases and enhance diagnosis and treatment options for patients. In the present review paper, we discussed numerous applications of phospholipidomics tools in clinical studies, with a particular focus on the neurological field. By exploring phospholipids' functions in neurological diseases and the potential of phospholipidomics in clinical research, we provided valuable insights that could aid researchers and clinicians in harnessing the full prospective of this innovative practice and improve patient outcomes by providing more potent treatments for neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayssa Hachem
- Department of Chemistry and Healthcare Engineering Innovation Center, Khalifa University of Sciences and Technology, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Mirja Kaizer Ahmmed
- Department of Fishing and Post-Harvest Technology, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chattogram, Bangladesh
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Houda Nacir-Delord
- Department of Chemistry, Khalifa University of Sciences and Technology, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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3
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Peterka O, Maccelli A, Jirásko R, Vaňková Z, Idkowiak J, Hrstka R, Wolrab D, Holčapek M. HILIC/MS quantitation of low-abundant phospholipids and sphingolipids in human plasma and serum: Dysregulation in pancreatic cancer. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1288:342144. [PMID: 38220279 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.342144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
A new hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography - mass spectrometry method is developed for low-abundant phospholipids and sphingolipids in human plasma and serum. The optimized method involves the Cogent Silica type C hydride column, the simple sample preparation by protein precipitation, and the removal of highly abundant lipid classes using the postcolumn valve directed to waste during two elution windows. The method allows a highly confident and sensitive identification of low-abundant lipid classes in human plasma (246 lipid species from 24 lipid subclasses) based on mass accuracy and retention dependencies in both polarity modes. The method is validated for quantitation using two internal standards (if available) for each lipid class and applied to human plasma and serum samples obtained from patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), healthy controls, and NIST SRM 1950. Multivariate data analysis followed by various statistical projection methods is used to determine the most dysregulated lipids. Significant downregulation is observed for lysophospholipids with fatty acyl composition 16:0, 18:0, 18:1, and 18:2. Distinct trends are observed for phosphatidylethanolamines (PE) in relation to the bonding type of fatty acyls, where most PE with acyl bonds are upregulated, while ether/plasmenyl PE are downregulated. For the sphingolipid category, sphingolipids with very long N-acyl chains are downregulated, while sphingolipids with shorter N-acyl chains were upregulated in PDAC. These changes are consistently observed for various classes of sphingolipids, ranging from ceramides to glycosphingolipids, indicating a possible metabolic disorder in ceramide biosynthesis caused by PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondřej Peterka
- University of Pardubice, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Studentská 573, 532 10, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Alessandro Maccelli
- University of Pardubice, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Studentská 573, 532 10, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Robert Jirásko
- University of Pardubice, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Studentská 573, 532 10, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Vaňková
- University of Pardubice, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Studentská 573, 532 10, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Idkowiak
- University of Pardubice, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Studentská 573, 532 10, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Hrstka
- Research Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Denise Wolrab
- University of Pardubice, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Studentská 573, 532 10, Pardubice, Czech Republic; University of Vienna, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Währinger Strasse 38, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michal Holčapek
- University of Pardubice, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Studentská 573, 532 10, Pardubice, Czech Republic.
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4
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Jiang Y, Li W, Wang Z, Lu J. Lipid-Based Nanotechnology: Liposome. Pharmaceutics 2023; 16:34. [PMID: 38258045 PMCID: PMC10820119 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16010034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Over the past several decades, liposomes have been extensively developed and used for various clinical applications such as in pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and dietetic fields, due to its versatility, biocompatibility, and biodegradability, as well as the ability to enhance the therapeutic index of free drugs. However, some challenges remain unsolved, including liposome premature leakage, manufacturing irreproducibility, and limited translation success. This article reviews various aspects of liposomes, including its advantages, major compositions, and common preparation techniques, and discusses present U.S. FDA-approved, clinical, and preclinical liposomal nanotherapeutics for treating and preventing a variety of human diseases. In addition, we summarize the significance of and challenges in liposome-enabled nanotherapeutic development and hope it provides the fundamental knowledge and concepts about liposomes and their applications and contributions in contemporary pharmaceutical advancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhao Jiang
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Track, Skaggs Pharmaceutical Sciences Center, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, R. Ken Coit College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; (Y.J.); (W.L.); (Z.W.)
| | - Wenpan Li
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Track, Skaggs Pharmaceutical Sciences Center, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, R. Ken Coit College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; (Y.J.); (W.L.); (Z.W.)
| | - Zhiren Wang
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Track, Skaggs Pharmaceutical Sciences Center, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, R. Ken Coit College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; (Y.J.); (W.L.); (Z.W.)
| | - Jianqin Lu
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Track, Skaggs Pharmaceutical Sciences Center, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, R. Ken Coit College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; (Y.J.); (W.L.); (Z.W.)
- Clinical and Translational Oncology Program, NCI-Designated University of Arizona Comprehensive Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
- BIO5 Institute, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
- Southwest Environmental Health Sciences Center, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
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5
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Medina J, Borreggine R, Teav T, Gao L, Ji S, Carrard J, Jones C, Blomberg N, Jech M, Atkins A, Martins C, Schmidt-Trucksass A, Giera M, Cazenave-Gassiot A, Gallart-Ayala H, Ivanisevic J. Omic-Scale High-Throughput Quantitative LC-MS/MS Approach for Circulatory Lipid Phenotyping in Clinical Research. Anal Chem 2023; 95:3168-3179. [PMID: 36716250 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c02598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Lipid analysis at the molecular species level represents a valuable opportunity for clinical applications due to the essential roles that lipids play in metabolic health. However, a comprehensive and high-throughput lipid profiling remains challenging given the lipid structural complexity and exceptional diversity. Herein, we present an 'omic-scale targeted LC-MS/MS approach for the straightforward and high-throughput quantification of a broad panel of complex lipid species across 26 lipid (sub)classes. The workflow involves an automated single-step extraction with 2-propanol, followed by lipid analysis using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography in a dual-column setup coupled to tandem mass spectrometry with data acquisition in the timed-selective reaction monitoring mode (12 min total run time). The analysis pipeline consists of an initial screen of 1903 lipid species, followed by high-throughput quantification of robustly detected species. Lipid quantification is achieved by a single-point calibration with 75 isotopically labeled standards representative of different lipid classes, covering lipid species with diverse acyl/alkyl chain lengths and unsaturation degrees. When applied to human plasma, 795 lipid species were measured with median intra- and inter-day precisions of 8.5 and 10.9%, respectively, evaluated within a single and across multiple batches. The concentration ranges measured in NIST plasma were in accordance with the consensus intervals determined in previous ring-trials. Finally, to benchmark our workflow, we characterized NIST plasma materials with different clinical and ethnic backgrounds and analyzed a sub-set of sera (n = 81) from a clinically healthy elderly population. Our quantitative lipidomic platform allowed for a clear distinction between different NIST materials and revealed the sex-specificity of the serum lipidome, highlighting numerous statistically significant sex differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Medina
- Metabolomics Platform, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Quartier UNIL-CHUV, Rue du Bugnon 19, Lausanne CH-1005, Switzerland
| | - Rebecca Borreggine
- Metabolomics Platform, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Quartier UNIL-CHUV, Rue du Bugnon 19, Lausanne CH-1005, Switzerland
| | - Tony Teav
- Metabolomics Platform, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Quartier UNIL-CHUV, Rue du Bugnon 19, Lausanne CH-1005, Switzerland
| | - Liang Gao
- Department of Biochemistry and Precision Medicine TRP, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore.,Singapore Lipidomics Incubator, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
| | - Shanshan Ji
- Singapore Lipidomics Incubator, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
| | - Justin Carrard
- Division of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Birsstrasse 320B, Basel CH-4052, Switzerland
| | - Christina Jones
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Niek Blomberg
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333ZA, Netherlands
| | - Martin Jech
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, 355 River Oaks Pkwy, San Jose, California 95134, United States
| | - Alan Atkins
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, 355 River Oaks Pkwy, San Jose, California 95134, United States
| | - Claudia Martins
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, 355 River Oaks Pkwy, San Jose, California 95134, United States
| | - Arno Schmidt-Trucksass
- Division of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Birsstrasse 320B, Basel CH-4052, Switzerland
| | - Martin Giera
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333ZA, Netherlands
| | - Amaury Cazenave-Gassiot
- Department of Biochemistry and Precision Medicine TRP, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore.,Singapore Lipidomics Incubator, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
| | - Hector Gallart-Ayala
- Metabolomics Platform, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Quartier UNIL-CHUV, Rue du Bugnon 19, Lausanne CH-1005, Switzerland
| | - Julijana Ivanisevic
- Metabolomics Platform, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Quartier UNIL-CHUV, Rue du Bugnon 19, Lausanne CH-1005, Switzerland
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6
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Sousa BC, Klein ZG, Taylor D, West G, Huipeng AN, Wakelam MJO, Lopez-Clavijo AF. Comprehensive lipidome of human plasma using minimal sample manipulation by liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2023:e9472. [PMID: 36652341 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The present work shows comprehensive chromatographic methods and MS conditions that have been developed based on the chemical properties of each lipid subclass to detect low-abundance molecular species. This study shows that the developed methods can detect low- and/or very-low-abundant lipids like phosphatidic acid (PA) in the glycerophospholipid (GP) method; dihydroceramide (dhCer) and dihydrosphingosine/sphinganine (dhSPB) in the sphingolipid (SP) method; and lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), LPI, LPG and sphingosine-1-phosphate (SPBP) in the lysolipid method. METHODS An optimised method for the extraction of lysolipids in plasma is used in addition to Folch extraction. Then, four chromatographic methods coupled with mass spectrometry using targeted and untargeted approaches are described here. Three of the methods use a tertiary pumping system to enable the inclusion of a gradient for analyte separation (pumps A and B) and an isocratic wash (pump C). This wash solution elutes interfering compounds that could cause background signal in the subsequent injections, reducing column lifetime. RESULTS Semi-quantitative values for 37 lipid subclasses are reported for a plasma sample (NIST SRM 1950). Furthermore, the methods presented here enabled the identification of 338 different lipid molecular species for GPs (mono- and diacyl-phospholipds), SPs, sterols and glycerolipids. The methods have been validated, and the reproducibility is presented here. CONCLUSIONS The comprehensive analysis of the lipidome addressed here of glycerolipids, GPs, sterols and SPs is in good agreement with previously reported results, in the NIST SRM 1950 sample, by other laboratories. Ten lipid subclasses LPS, LPI, alkyl-lysophosphatidic acid/alkenyl-lysophosphatidic acid, alkyl-lysophosphatidylethanolamine/alkenyl-lysophosphatidylethanolamine, dhCer (d18:0), SPB (d18:1), dhSPB (d18:0) and SPBP (d18:2) have been detected using this comprehensive method and are uniquely reported here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bebiana C Sousa
- Lipidomics Facility, Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Zulema Gonzalez Klein
- Lipidomics Facility, Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Diane Taylor
- Lipidomics Facility, Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Greg West
- Lipidomics Facility, Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Aveline Neo Huipeng
- Lipidomics Facility, Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Michael J O Wakelam
- Lipidomics Facility, Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, UK
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7
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Two-dimensional liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry for lipidomics using off-line coupling of hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography with 50 cm long reversed phase capillary columns. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1687:463707. [PMID: 36516490 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Comprehensive characterization of the lipidome remains a challenge requiring development of new analytical approaches to expand lipid coverage in complex samples. In this work, offline two-dimensional liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was investigated for lipidomics from human plasma. Hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography was implemented in the first dimension to fractionate lipid classes. Nine fractions were collected and subjected to a second-dimension separation utilizing 50 cm capillary columns packed with 1.7 µm C18 particles operated on custom-built instrumentation at 35 kpsi. Online coupling with time-of-flight mass spectrometry allowed putative lipid identification from precursor-mass based library searching. The method had good orthogonality (fractional coverage of ∼40%), achieved a peak capacity of approximately 1900 in 600 min, and detected over 1000 lipids from a 5 µL injection of a human plasma extract while consuming less than 3 mL of solvent. The results demonstrate the expected gains in peak capacity when employing long columns and two-dimensional separations and illustrate practical approaches for improving lipidome coverage from complex biological samples.
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8
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Development and validation of a simple and rapid HILIC-MS/MS method for the quantification of low-abundant lysoglycerophospholipids in human plasma. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023; 415:411-425. [PMID: 36370204 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04421-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Lysoglycerophospholipids (Lyso-GPLs) are an essential class of signaling lipids with potential roles in human diseases, such as cancer, central nervous system diseases, and atherosclerosis. Current methods for the quantification of Lyso-GPLs involve complex sample pretreatment, long analysis times, and insufficient validation, which hinder the research of Lyso-GPLs in human studies, especially for Lyso-GPLs with low abundance in human plasma such as lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI), lysophosphatidylglycerol (LPG), lysophosphatidylserine (LysoPS), lyso-platelet-activating factor (LysoPAF), and cyclic phosphatidic acid (cPA). Herein, we report the development and validation of a simple and rapid liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for the quantification of Lyso-GPLs with low abundance in plasma. Protein precipitation using MeOH for Lyso-GPL extraction, quick separation (within 18 min) based on hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC), and sensitive MS detection under dynamic multiple reaction monitoring (dMRM) mode enabled efficient quantification of 22 Lyso-GPLs including 2 cPA, 4 LPG, 11 LPA, 2 LysoPS, and 3 LysoPAF in 50 μL of human plasma. The present method showed good linearity (goodness of fit, 0.99823-0.99995), sensitivity (lower limit of quantification, 0.03-14.06 ng/mL), accuracy (73-117%), precision (coefficient of variation ≤ 28%), carryover (≤ 17%), recovery (80-110%), and stability (83-123%). We applied the method in an epidemiological study and report concentrations of 18 Lyso-GPLs in 567 human plasma samples comparable to those of previous studies. Significant negative associations of LysoPAF C18, LysoPAF C18:1, and LysoPAF C16 with homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) level were observed; this indicates possible roles of LysoPAF in glucose homeostasis. The application of the present method will improve understanding of the roles of circulating low-abundant Lyso-GPLs in health and diseases.
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9
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Romsdahl TB, Cocuron JC, Pearson MJ, Alonso AP, Chapman KD. A lipidomics platform to analyze the fatty acid compositions of non-polar and polar lipid molecular species from plant tissues: Examples from developing seeds and seedlings of pennycress ( Thlaspi arvense). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1038161. [PMID: 36438089 PMCID: PMC9682148 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1038161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The lipidome comprises the total content of molecular species of each lipid class, and is measured using the analytical techniques of lipidomics. Many liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) methods have previously been described to characterize the lipidome. However, many lipidomic approaches may not fully uncover the subtleties of lipid molecular species, such as the full fatty acid (FA) composition of certain lipid classes. Here, we describe a stepwise targeted lipidomics approach to characterize the polar and non-polar lipid classes using complementary LC-MS methods. Our "polar" method measures 260 molecular species across 12 polar lipid classes, and is performed using hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) on a NH2 column to separate lipid classes by their headgroup. Our "non-polar" method measures 254 molecular species across three non-polar lipid classes, separating molecular species on their FA characteristics by reverse phase (RP) chromatography on a C30 column. Five different extraction methods were compared, with an MTBE-based extraction chosen for the final lipidomics workflow. A state-of-the-art strategy to determine and relatively quantify the FA composition of triacylglycerols is also described. This lipidomics workflow was applied to developing, mature, and germinated pennycress seeds/seedlings and found unexpected changes among several lipid molecular species. During development, diacylglycerols predominantly contained long chain length FAs, which contrasted with the very long chain FAs of triacylglycerols in mature seeds. Potential metabolic explanations are discussed. The lack of very long chain fatty acids in diacylglycerols of germinating seeds may indicate very long chain FAs, such as erucic acid, are preferentially channeled into beta-oxidation for energy production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor B. Romsdahl
- Mass Spectrometry Facility, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
- Department of Biological Sciences & BioDiscovery Institute, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States
| | | | | | - Ana Paula Alonso
- Department of Biological Sciences & BioDiscovery Institute, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States
- BioAnalytical Facility, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States
| | - Kent D. Chapman
- Department of Biological Sciences & BioDiscovery Institute, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States
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10
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Huang X, Feng B, Liu M, Liu Z, Li S, Zeng W. Preclinical detection of lysophosphatidic acid: A new window for ovarian cancer diagnostics. Talanta 2022; 247:123561. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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11
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Zhao GH, Hu YY, Zeng X, Zhang M, Zhou Z, Qin L, Yin FW, Zhou DY, Shahidi F. sA direct and facile simultaneous quantification of non-polar and polar lipids in different species of marine samples using normal-phase HPLC–CAD. J Food Compost Anal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2022.104813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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12
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Lioupi A, Virgiliou C, Walter TH, Smith KM, Rainville P, Wilson ID, Theodoridis G, Gika HG. Application of a hybrid zwitterionic hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography column in metabolic profiling studies. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1672:463013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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13
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Ultrahigh-performance supercritical fluid chromatography for intraclass separation of lipids: Investigation of general principles. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1670:462975. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.462975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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14
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Application of hybrid surface technology for improving sensitivity and peak shape of phosphorylated lipids such as phosphatidic acid and phosphatidylserine. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1669:462921. [PMID: 35272103 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.462921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The use of hybrid surface technology (HST), applied to the metal surfaces of an ACQUITY™ UPLC™ system and column, designed to mitigate the chelation, poor peak shape and analyte loss seen with acidic phospholipids was investigated. Compared to a conventional system significant improvements in both sensitivity, recovery and peak shape were obtained following UPLC on a CSH C18 column when the HST was used for the analysis of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), phosphatidic acid (PA), lysophosphatidylserine (LPS), phosphatidylserine (PS), phosphatidylinositol-monophosphates (PIP), ceramide phosphate (CerP) and sphingoid base phosphate (SPBP). The benefits in chromatographic performance provided by the HST were seen particularly at low concentrations of these analytes. The HST system and column reduced peak tailing by 65-80% and peak width by 70-86% for LPA and PA. Moreover, increased signal intensities of up to 12.7 times were observed for LPA with the HST approach compared to the equivalent untreated LC system and column. The application of this methodology to the analysis of chicken egg PA and brain porcine PS extracts were accompanied by similar improvements in data quality.
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15
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Plumb RS, Isaac G, Rainville PD, Hill J, Gethings LA, Johnson KA, Lauterbach J, Wilson ID. High Throughput UHPLC-MS-Based Lipidomics Using Vacuum Jacketed Columns. J Proteome Res 2021; 21:691-701. [PMID: 34968064 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.1c00836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Reversed-phase UHPLC-MS is extensively employed for both the profiling of biological fluids and tissues to characterize lipid dysregulation in disease and toxicological studies. With conventional LC-MS systems the chromatographic performance and throughput are limited due to dispersion from the fluidic connections as well as radial and longitudinal thermal gradients in the LC column. In this study vacuum jacketed columns (VJC), positioned at the source of the mass spectrometer, were applied to the lipidomic analysis of plasma extracts. Compared to conventional UHPLC, the VJC-based methods offered greater resolution, faster analysis, and improved peak intensity. For a 5 min VJC analysis, the peak capacity increased by 66%, peak tailing reduced by up to 34%, and the number of lipids detected increased by 30% compared to conventional UHPLC. The narrower peaks, and thus increased resolution, compared to the conventional system resulted in a 2-fold increase in peak intensity as well a significant improvement in MS and MS/MS spectral quality resulting in a 22% increase in the number of lipids identified. When applied to mouse plasma samples, reproducibility of the lipid intensities in the pooled QC ranged from 1.8-12%, with no related drift in tR observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert S Plumb
- Scientific Operations, Waters Corporation, IMMERSE, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Giorgis Isaac
- Scientific Operations, Waters Corporation, IMMERSE, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Paul D Rainville
- Scientific Operations, Waters Corporation, IMMERSE, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Jason Hill
- Global Research, Waters Corporation, IMMERSE, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Lee A Gethings
- Scientific Operations, Waters Corporation, Stamford Avenue, Wilmslow, SK9 4AX, U.K
| | - Kelly A Johnson
- Global Research, Waters Corporation, IMMERSE, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Joshua Lauterbach
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Ian D Wilson
- Computational & Systems Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College, Exhibition Road, London, SW7 2AZ, U.K
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16
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Lin Q, Li P, Fang M, Zhang D, Xia Y. Deep Profiling of Aminophospholipids Reveals a Dysregulated Desaturation Pattern in Breast Cancer Cell Lines. Anal Chem 2021; 94:820-828. [PMID: 34931817 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c03494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Phosphatidylethanolamines (PEs), ether-PEs, and phosphatidylserines (PSs) are glycerophospholipids harboring a primary amino group in their headgroups. They are key components of mammalian cell membranes and play pivotal roles in cell signaling and apoptosis. In this study, a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) workflow for deep profiling of PEs, ether-PEs, and PSs has been developed by integrating two orthogonal derivatizations: (1) derivatization of the primary amino group by 4-trimethylammoniumbutyryl-N-hydroxysuccinimide (TMAB-NHS) for enhanced LC separation and MS detection and (2) the Paternò-Büchi (PB) reaction for carbon-carbon double bond (C═C) derivatization and localization. Significant improvement of the limit of identification down to the C═C location has been achieved for the standards of PSs (3 nM) and ether-PEs (20 nM). This workflow facilitates an identification of more than 200 molecular species of aminophospholipids in the porcine brain, two times more than those identified without TMAB-NHS derivatization. Importantly, we discovered that the n-10 isomers in C16:1 and C18:1 of aminophospholipids showed elevated contribution among other isomers, which correlated well with an increased transcription of the corresponding desaturase (FADS2) in the human breast cancer cell line (MDA-MB-231) relative to that in the normal cell line (HMEC). The abovementioned data suggest that lipid reprograming via forming different C═C location isomers might be an alternative mechanism in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaohong Lin
- Department of Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 10084, China
| | - Pengyun Li
- National Engineering Research Center for the Emergency Drug, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Mengxuan Fang
- Department of Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 10084, China.,School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Donghui Zhang
- Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing 10084, China
| | - Yu Xia
- Department of Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 10084, China
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17
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Silica Hydride: A Separation Material Every Analyst Should Know About. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26247505. [PMID: 34946587 PMCID: PMC8708426 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26247505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This review describes the development, special features and applications of silica hydride-based stationary phases for HPLC. The unique surface of this material is in contrast to ordinary, standard silica, which is the material most frequently used in modern HPLC stationary phases. The standard silica surface contains mainly silanol (Si-OH) groups, while the silica hydride surface is instead composed of silicon-hydrogen groups, which is much more stable, less reactive and delivers different chromatographic and chemical characteristics. Other aspects of this material are described for each of the different bonded moieties available commercially. Some applications for each of these column types are also presented as well as a generic model for method development on silica hydride-based stationary phases.
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18
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Non-targeted Lipidomics Using a Robust and Reproducible Lipid Separation Using UPLC with Charged Surface Hybrid Technology and High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry. Methods Mol Biol 2021. [PMID: 34786683 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1822-6_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Lipids play an important role in the energy storage, cellular signaling, and pathophysiology of diseases such as cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, infections, and diabetes. Due to high importance of diverse lipid classes in human health and disease, manipulating lipid abundance and composition is an important target for metabolic engineering. The extreme structural diversity of lipids in real biological samples is challenging for analytical techniques due to large difference in physicochemical properties of individual lipid species. This chapter describes lipidomic analysis of large sample sets requiring reliable and robust methodology. Rapid and robust methods facilitate the support of longitudinal studies allowing the transfer of methodology between laboratories. We describe a high-throughput reversed-phase LC-MS methodology using Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC®) with charged surface hybrid technology and accurate mass detection for high-throughput non-targeted lipidomics. The methodology showed excellent specificity, robustness, and reproducibility for over 100 LC-MS injections.
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19
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Scholz J, Helmer PO, Nicolai MM, Bornhorst J, Hayen H. Profiling of sphingolipids in Caenorhabditis elegans by two-dimensional multiple heart-cut liquid chromatography - mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1655:462481. [PMID: 34455370 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Sphingolipids exert important functions in cells, ranging from stabilising the cell membrane to bioactive signalling in signal transduction pathways. Changed concentrations of sphingolipids are associated with, among others, neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases. In this work, we present a novel two-dimensional liquid chromatography method (2D-LC) coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) for the identification of ceramides, hexosylceramides and sphingomyelins in the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans). The method utilises a multiple heart-cut approach with a hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) separation in the first dimension. The fractions of the sphingolipid classes were cut out and thereby separated from the abundant glycerolipids, which offers a simplified sample preparation and a high degree of automation as it compensates the alkaline depletion step usually conducted prior to the chromatographic analysis. The fractions were stored in a sample loop and transferred onto the second column with the combination of two six port valves. A reversed phase liquid chromatography was performed as the second dimension and allowed for a separation of the species within a sphingolipid class and according to the fatty acid moiety of the sphingolipid. The segregation of the abundant glycerolipids and the reduced matrix effects allowed for better identification of low abundant species, especially dihydro-sphingolipids with a saturated sphingoid base. In addition, the separation of the three fractions was carried out parallel to the separation and equilibration in the first dimension, which leads to no extension of the analysis time for the 2D-LC compared to the one-dimensional HILIC method. In total 45 sphingolipids were detected in the C. elegans lipid extract and identified via accurate mass and MS/MS fragments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Scholz
- University of Münster, Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Corrensstraße 30, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Patrick O Helmer
- University of Münster, Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Corrensstraße 30, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Merle M Nicolai
- Food Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wuppertal, Gaußstr. 20, 42119, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Julia Bornhorst
- Food Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wuppertal, Gaußstr. 20, 42119, Wuppertal, Germany; TraceAge - DFG Research Unit on Interactions of Essential Trace Elements in Healthy and Diseased Elderly (FOR 2558), Berlin-Potsdam-Jena-Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Heiko Hayen
- University of Münster, Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Corrensstraße 30, 48149 Münster, Germany.
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20
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de Kok NAW, Exterkate M, Andringa RLH, Minnaard AJ, Driessen AJM. A versatile method to separate complex lipid mixtures using 1-butanol as eluent in a reverse-phase UHPLC-ESI-MS system. Chem Phys Lipids 2021; 240:105125. [PMID: 34453926 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2021.105125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Simple, robust and versatile LC-MS based methods add to the rapid assessment of the lipidome of biological cells. Here we present a versatile RP-UHPLC-MS method using 1-butanol as the eluent, specifically designed to separate different highly hydrophobic lipids. This method is capable of separating different lipid classes of glycerophospholipid standards, in addition to phospholipids of the same class with a different acyl chain composition. The versatility of this method was demonstrated through analysis of lipid extracts of the bacterium Escherichia coli and the archaeon Sulfolobus acidocaldarius. In contrast to 2-propanol-based methods, the 1-butanol-based mobile phase is capable of eluting highly hydrophobic analytes such as cardiolipins, tetraether lipids and mycolic acids during the gradient instead of the isocratic purge phase, resulting in an enhanced separation of cardiolipins and extending the analytical range for RPLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels A W de Kok
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.
| | - Marten Exterkate
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.
| | - Ruben L H Andringa
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.
| | - Adriaan J Minnaard
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.
| | - Arnold J M Driessen
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.
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21
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Huang Y, Mu R, Wen D, Grimsby JS, Liang M, Rosenbaum AI. Differences in levels of phosphatidylinositols in healthy and stable Coronary Artery Disease subjects revealed by HILIC-MRM method with SERRF normalization. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0252426. [PMID: 34086718 PMCID: PMC8177664 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantification of endogenous biomarkers in clinical studies requires careful evaluation of a number of assay performance parameters. Comparisons of absolute values from several clinical studies can enable retrospective analyses further elucidating the biology of a given biomarker across various study populations. We characterized the performance of a highly multiplex bioanalytical method for quantification of phosphatidylinositols (PI). Hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) and multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) were employed for targeted multiplex quantification. Odd-chain PI species that are not normally present in human plasma were utilized as surrogate analytes (SA) to assess various assay performance parameters and establish a definitive dynamic linear range for PI lipids. To correct for batch effects, Systematic Error Removal using Random Forest (SERRF) normalization algorithm was employed and used to bridge raw values between two clinical studies, enabling quantitative comparison of their absolute values. A high throughput method was developed, qualified, transferred to an automation platform and applied to sample testing in two clinical trials in healthy volunteers (NCT03001297) and stable Coronary Artery Disease (CAD, NCT03351738) subjects. The method demonstrated acceptable precision and accuracy (±30%) over linear range of 1-1000 nM for SA and 8-fold dilutional linearity for endogenous PI. We determined that mean-adjusted average QC performed best for normalization using SERRF. The comparison of two studies revealed that healthy subject levels of PI are consistently higher across PI species compared to CAD subjects identifying a potential lipid biomarker to be explored in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Huang
- Integrated Bioanalysis, Clinical Pharmacology and Quantitative Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology & Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, South San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Ruipeng Mu
- Integrated Bioanalysis, Clinical Pharmacology and Quantitative Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology & Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, South San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - David Wen
- Integrated Bioanalysis, Clinical Pharmacology and Quantitative Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology & Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, South San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Joseph S. Grimsby
- Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, United States of America
| | - Meina Liang
- Integrated Bioanalysis, Clinical Pharmacology and Quantitative Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology & Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, South San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Anton I. Rosenbaum
- Integrated Bioanalysis, Clinical Pharmacology and Quantitative Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology & Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, South San Francisco, CA, United States of America
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22
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Enhancement of acidic lipid analysis by nanoflow ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1166:338573. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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23
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LI NS, CHEN L, XIAO ZX, YANG YQ, AI KL. Progress in Detection of Biomarker of Ovarian Cancer: Lysophosphatidic Acid. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2040(20)60062-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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24
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Characterizing the phospholipid composition of six edible sea cucumbers by NPLC-Triple TOF-MS/MS. J Food Compost Anal 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2020.103626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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25
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Odenkirk MT, Zin PPK, Ash JR, Reif DM, Fourches D, Baker ES. Structural-based connectivity and omic phenotype evaluations (SCOPE): a cheminformatics toolbox for investigating lipidomic changes in complex systems. Analyst 2020; 145:7197-7209. [PMID: 33094747 PMCID: PMC7695036 DOI: 10.1039/d0an01638a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Since its inception, the main goal of the lipidomics field has been to characterize lipid species and their respective biological roles. However, difficulties in both full speciation and biological interpretation have rendered these objectives extremely challenging and as a result, limited our understanding of lipid mechanisms and dysregulation. While mass spectrometry-based advancements have significantly increased the ability to identify lipid species, less progress has been made surrounding biological interpretations. We have therefore developed a Structural-based Connectivity and Omic Phenotype Evaluations (SCOPE) cheminformatics toolbox to aid in these evaluations. SCOPE enables the assessment and visualization of two main lipidomic associations: structure/biological connections and metadata linkages either separately or in tandem. To assess structure and biological relationships, SCOPE utilizes key lipid structural moieties such as head group and fatty acyl composition and links them to their respective biological relationships through hierarchical clustering and grouped heatmaps. Metadata arising from phenotypic and environmental factors such as age and diet is then correlated with the lipid structures and/or biological relationships, utilizing Toxicological Prioritization Index (ToxPi) software. Here, SCOPE is demonstrated for various applications from environmental studies to clinical assessments to showcase new biological connections not previously observed with other techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie T Odenkirk
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
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26
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Gong M, Wei W, Hu Y, Jin Q, Wang X. Structure determination of conjugated linoleic and linolenic acids. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2020; 1153:122292. [PMID: 32755819 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2020.122292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Conjugated linoleic and linolenic acids (CLA and CLnA) can be found in dairy, ruminant meat and oilseeds, these types of unsaturated fatty acids consist of various positional and geometrical isomers, and have demonstrated health-promoting potential for human beings. Extensive reviews have reported the physiological effects of CLA, CLnA, while little is known regarding their isomer-specific effects. However, the isomers are difficult to identify, owing to (i) the similar retention time in common chromatographic methods; and (ii) the isomers are highly sensitive to high temperature, pH changes, and oxidation. The uncertainties in molecular structure have hindered investigations on the physiological effects of CLA and CLnA. Therefore, this review presents a summary of the currently available technologies for the structural determination of CLA and CLnA, including the presence confirmation, double bond position determination, and the potential stereo-isomer determination. Special focus has been projected to the novel techniques for structure determination of CLA and CLnA. Some possible future directions are also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyue Gong
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Wei Wei
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Yulin Hu
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Qingzhe Jin
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Xingguo Wang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China.
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27
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Abstract
Bacteria are known to add amino acids (aa) to membrane lipids to resist antimicrobials and escape immune responses. This surface lipid aminoacylation process requires diverting aminoacyl-tRNAs from protein synthesis. While widespread in bacteria, no analogous lipid remodeling system had thus far been evidenced in eukaryotes. We uncovered that most fungi tRNA-dependently add aspartate onto ergosterol (ergosteryl-3β-O-l-aspartate [Erg-Asp]), the major sterol found in fungal membranes. Asp addition is catalyzed by an ergosteryl-3β-O-l-aspartate synthase (ErdS) and its removal by a dedicated hydrolase (ErdH). This pathway is conserved across “higher” fungi, including pathogens. Given the central roles of sterols and derivatives in fungi, we propose that the Erg-Asp homeostasis system might impact membrane remodeling, trafficking, antimicrobial resistance, or pathogenicity. Diverting aminoacyl-transfer RNAs (tRNAs) from protein synthesis is a well-known process used by a wide range of bacteria to aminoacylate membrane constituents. By tRNA-dependently adding amino acids to glycerolipids, bacteria change their cell surface properties, which intensifies antimicrobial drug resistance, pathogenicity, and virulence. No equivalent aminoacylated lipids have been uncovered in any eukaryotic species thus far, suggesting that tRNA-dependent lipid remodeling is a process restricted to prokaryotes. We report here the discovery of ergosteryl-3β-O-l-aspartate (Erg-Asp), a conjugated sterol that is produced by the tRNA-dependent addition of aspartate to the 3β-OH group of ergosterol, the major sterol found in fungal membranes. In fact, Erg-Asp exists in the majority of “higher” fungi, including species of biotechnological interest, and, more importantly, in human pathogens like Aspergillus fumigatus. We show that a bifunctional enzyme, ergosteryl-3β-O-l-aspartate synthase (ErdS), is responsible for Erg-Asp synthesis. ErdS corresponds to a unique fusion of an aspartyl-tRNA synthetase—that produces aspartyl-tRNAAsp (Asp-tRNAAsp)—and of a Domain of Unknown Function 2156, which actually transfers aspartate from Asp-tRNAAsp onto ergosterol. We also uncovered that removal of the Asp modifier from Erg-Asp is catalyzed by a second enzyme, ErdH, that is a genuine Erg-Asp hydrolase participating in the turnover of the conjugated sterol in vivo. Phylogenomics highlights that the entire Erg-Asp synthesis/degradation pathway is conserved across “higher” fungi. Given the central roles of sterols and conjugated sterols in fungi, we propose that this tRNA-dependent ergosterol modification and homeostasis system might have broader implications in membrane remodeling, trafficking, antimicrobial resistance, or pathogenicity.
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28
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Lange M, Fedorova M. Evaluation of lipid quantification accuracy using HILIC and RPLC MS on the example of NIST® SRM® 1950 metabolites in human plasma. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:3573-3584. [PMID: 32240327 PMCID: PMC7220885 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02576-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Lipidomics analysis for large-scale studies aiming at the identification and quantification of natural lipidomes is often performed using LC-MS-based data acquisition. However, the choice of suitable LC-MS method for accurate lipid quantification remains a matter of debate. Here, we performed the systematic comparison between two HRAM-MS-based quantification workflows based on HILIC and RPLC MS by quantifying 191 lipids from five lipid classes in human blood plasma using deuterated standards in the "one ISTD-per-lipid class" approach. Lipid quantification was performed considering all necessary isotopic corrections, and obtained correction factors are illustrated. Concentrations of lipids in NIST® SRM® 1950 human blood plasma determined by the two methods were comparable for most of the studied lipid species except for highly unsaturated phosphatidylcholines (PC). A comparison of lipid concentrations to consensus values determined in a previously published multi-laboratory study illustrated possible "overestimation" of concentrations for these highly unsaturated lipids by HILIC MS. We evaluated the influence of lipid loading amounts as well as the difference between quantified lipid and internal standard concentrations on the HILIC MS quantification results. We conclude that both HILIC and RPLC HRAM-MS workflows can be equally used for accurate lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LPE), phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), and sphingomyelin (SM) lipid quantification, despite significant differences in the concentration of highly unsaturated PC lipids which need to be addressed by establishing response factors to account for the differences in degree of lipid unsaturation. Graphical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mike Lange
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, University of Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, University of Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Maria Fedorova
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, University of Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
- Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, University of Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
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29
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Kotapati HK, Bates PD. Normal phase HPLC method for combined separation of both polar and neutral lipid classes with application to lipid metabolic flux. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2020; 1145:122099. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2020.122099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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30
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Xu M, Legradi J, Leonards P. Evaluation of LC-MS and LC×LC-MS in analysis of zebrafish embryo samples for comprehensive lipid profiling. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:4313-4325. [PMID: 32347362 PMCID: PMC7320064 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02661-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In this study, both conventional one-dimensional liquid chromatography (1DLC) and comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography (2DLC) coupled to a high-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometer (HR-TOF MS) were used for full-scale lipid characterization of lipid extracts from zebrafish embryos. We investigated the influence on annotated lipids and different separation mechanisms (HILIC, C18, and PFP), and their different orders arranged in the first and the second dimensions. As a result, the number of lipid species annotated by conventional one-dimensional LC-MS was between 212 and 448. In contrast, the number of individual lipids species annotated by C18×HILIC, HILIC×C18, and HILIC×PFP were 1784, 1059, and 1123, respectively. Therefore, it was evident that the performance of comprehensive 2DLC, especially the C18×HILIC method, considerably exceeded 1DLC. Interestingly, a comparison of the HILIC×C18 and C18×HILIC approaches showed, under the optimized conditions, similar orthogonality, but the effective separation power of the C18×HILIC was much higher. A comparison of the HILIC×C18 and the HILIC×PFP methods demonstrated that the HILIC×PFP separation had superior orthogonality with a small increase on its effective peak capacity, indicating that the HILIC×PFP combination maybe a promising platform for untargeted lipidomics in complex samples. Finally, from the comprehensive lipid profiling respective, the C18×HILIC was selected for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Xu
- Department of Environment and Health, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Jessica Legradi
- Department of Environment and Health, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pim Leonards
- Department of Environment and Health, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Hou B, Zhao Y, He P, Xu C, Ma P, Lam SM, Li B, Gil V, Shui G, Qiang G, Liew CW, Du G. Targeted lipidomics and transcriptomics profiling reveal the heterogeneity of visceral and subcutaneous white adipose tissue. Life Sci 2020; 245:117352. [PMID: 32006527 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The depot-specific differences in lipidome of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) reflect heterogeneity of white adipose tissue (WAT), which plays a central role in its distinct response to outside stimuli. However, the detailed lipidome of depot-specific WAT is largely unknown, especially the minor constitutes including phospholipid and sphingolipid. MATERIALS AND METHODS To investigate this field, we applied a high-coverage targeted lipidomics approach of VAT and SAT in male C57BL/6J mice to compare the basal level of their lipid profiles. Applying microarray and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, we analyzed the transcriptome of twodepot-specific WAT and verified the differences in individual genes. KEY FINDINGS In total, 342 lipid species from 19 lipid classes were identified. Our results showed the composition of TAG and FFA were different in length of chain and saturation. Interestingly, low abundance phospholipid, sphingolipid and cardiolipin were significantly higher in SAT. Lipid correlation network analysis vindicated that TAG and phospholipid formed distinct subnet and had more connections with other lipid species. Enriched ontology analysis of gene screened from LIPID MAPS and microarray suggested the differences were mainly involved in lipid metabolism, insulin resistance and inflammatory response. SIGNIFICANCE Our comprehensive lipidomics and transcriptomics analyses revealed differences in lipid composition and lipid metabolism of two depot-specific WAT, which would offer new insights into the investigation of heterogeneity of visceral and subcutaneous white adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biyu Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Screening Research, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao 266011, China
| | - Ping He
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Screening Research, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Chunyang Xu
- Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100026, China
| | - Peng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Screening Research, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Sin Man Lam
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Bowen Li
- LipidALL Technologies Ltd., Changzhou, China
| | - Victoria Gil
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, 60612, IL, USA
| | - Guanghou Shui
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Guifen Qiang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Screening Research, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Chong Wee Liew
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, 60612, IL, USA.
| | - Guanhua Du
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Screening Research, Beijing 100050, China.
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32
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Sorensen MJ, Miller KE, Jorgenson JW, Kennedy RT. Ultrahigh-Performance capillary liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry at 35 kpsi for separation of lipids. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1611:460575. [PMID: 31607445 PMCID: PMC6980658 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.460575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Improvements in sample preparation, separation, and mass spectrometry continue to expand the coverage in LC-MS based lipidomics. While longer columns packed with smaller particles in theory give higher separation performance compared to shorter columns, the implementation of this technology above commercial limits has been sparse due to difficulties in packing long columns and successfully operating instruments at ultrahigh pressures. In this work, a liquid chromatograph that operates up to 35 kpsi was investigated for the separation and identification of lipid species from human plasma. Capillary columns between 15-50 cm long were packed with 1.7 µm BEH C18 particles and evaluated for their ability to separate lipid isomers and complex lipid extracts from human plasma. Putative lipid class identifications were assigned using accurate mass and relative retention time data of the eluting peaks. Our findings indicate that longer columns packed and operated at 35 kpsi outperform shorter columns packed and run at lower pressures in terms of peak capacity and numbers of features identified. Packing columns with relatively high concentration slurries (200 mg/mL) while sonicating the column resulted in 6-34% increase in peak capacity for 50 cm columns compared to lower slurry concentrations and no sonication. For a given analysis time, 50 cm long columns operated at 35 kpsi provided a 20-95% increase in chromatographic peak capacity compared with 15 cm columns operated at 15 kpsi. Analysis times up to 4 h were evaluated, generating peak capacities up to 410 ± 5 (n = 3, measured at 4σ) and identifying 480 ± 85 lipids (n = 2). Importantly, the results also show a correlation between the peak capacity and the number of lipids identified from a human plasma extract. This correlation indicates that ionization suppression is a limiting factor in obtaining sufficient signal for identification by mass spectrometry. The result also shows that the higher resolution obtained by shallow gradients overcomes possible signal reduction due to broader, more dilute peaks in long gradients for improving detection of lipids in LC-MS. Lastly, longer columns operated at shallow gradients allowed for the best separation of both regional and geometrical isomers. These results demonstrate a system that enables the advantages of using longer columns packed and run at ultrahigh pressure for improving lipid separations and lipidome coverage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Sorensen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Kelsey E Miller
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - James W Jorgenson
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Robert T Kennedy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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33
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Sonnenberg RA, Naz S, Cougnaud L, Vuckovic D. Comparison of underivatized silica and zwitterionic sulfobetaine hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography stationary phases for global metabolomics of human plasma. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1608:460419. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.460419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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34
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The Development of Silica Hydride Stationary Phases for High-Performance Liquid Chromatography from Conception to Commercialization. SEPARATIONS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/separations6020027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of a stationary phase material for high-performance liquid chromatography based on a surface of silica hydride as opposed to silanols on ordinary silica is discussed including synthetic approaches, characterization, and applications. There are several synthetic approaches available to create a silica hydride surface. Modification of the Si–H moiety on the silica surface can be accomplished through the use of a hydrosilation reaction. Both the intermediate silica hydride and the material modified with an organic moiety can be characterized by a number of spectroscopic as well as a variety of other methods. Further insights into the retention mechanism are provided through chromatographic measurements. The ultimate utility of any chromatographic stationary phase material is determined by its success in solving challenging analytical problems. A broad range of applications is reviewed to illustrate the versatility and usefulness of silica hydride-based stationary phases.
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35
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Kulsing C, Nolvachai Y, Boysen RI, Matyska MT, Pesek JJ, Marriott PJ, Hearn MTW. Studies on the Extraction of Several Polyphenols with Different Silica Hydride Stationary Phases. Chromatographia 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-019-03727-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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36
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Targeting Modified Lipids during Routine Lipidomics Analysis using HILIC and C30 Reverse Phase Liquid Chromatography coupled to Mass Spectrometry. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5048. [PMID: 30911033 PMCID: PMC6433904 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41556-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipids are important biomolecules in all biological systems and serve numerous essential cellular functions. The global analysis of complex lipids is very challenging due to the extreme diversity in lipid structures. Variation in linkages and positions of fatty acyl chain(s) on the lipid backbone, functional group modification, occurrence of the molecular species as isomers or isobars are among some of the greatest challenges to resolve in lipidomics. In this work, we describe a routine analytical approach combining two liquid chromatography platforms: hydrophilic interaction (HILIC) and C30 reversed-phase chromatography (C30RP) coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) as complementary high throughput platforms to analyze complex lipid mixtures. Vascular plants (kale leaves and corn roots), rat brain and soil microbes were used as proxies to evaluate the efficiency of the enhanced approach to resolve traditional, as well as, modified lipids during routine lipidomics analysis. We report for the first time, the observation of a modified class of acylphosphatidylglycerol (acylPG) in corn roots by HILIC, and further resolution of the isomers using C30RP chromatography. We also used this approach to demonstrate the presence of high levels of N-monomethyl phosphatidylethanolamine (MMPE) in soil microbes, as well as to determine the regioisomers of lysophospholipids in kale leaves. Additionally, neutral lipids were demonstrated using C30RP chromatography in positive ion mode to resolve triacylglycerol isomers in rat brain. The work presented here demonstrates how the enhanced approach can more routinely permit novel biomarker discovery, or lipid metabolism in a wide range of biological samples.
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Kozlov O, Kadlecová Z, Gilar M, Gondová T, Kalíková K, Tesařová E. Systematic evaluation of selected supercritical fluid chromatography diol‐ and diethylamine‐based columns for application in hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography. SEPARATION SCIENCE PLUS 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/sscp.201900023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oleksandr Kozlov
- Department of Analytical ChemistryFaculty of ScienceP. J. Šafárik University Košice Slovak Republic
| | - Zuzana Kadlecová
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular ChemistryFaculty of ScienceCharles University Prague Czech Republic
| | | | - Taťána Gondová
- Department of Analytical ChemistryFaculty of ScienceP. J. Šafárik University Košice Slovak Republic
| | - Květa Kalíková
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular ChemistryFaculty of ScienceCharles University Prague Czech Republic
| | - Eva Tesařová
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular ChemistryFaculty of ScienceCharles University Prague Czech Republic
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38
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Eldarov CM, Nikitina IV, Kirtbaya AR, Chagovets VV, Ionov OV, Bobrov MY. Blood Lipids Profiling of Preterm Neonates in the First Day of Life for Identification of Early Biomarkers of Sepsis and Pneumonia. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162019020031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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39
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Chocholoušková M, Jirásko R, Vrána D, Gatěk J, Melichar B, Holčapek M. Reversed phase UHPLC/ESI-MS determination of oxylipins in human plasma: a case study of female breast cancer. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 411:1239-1251. [PMID: 30617406 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-1556-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UHPLC/MS) method was optimized and validated for the determination of oxylipins in human plasma using the targeted approach with selected reaction monitoring (SRM) in the negative-ion electrospray ionization (ESI) mode. Reversed phase UHPLC separation on an octadecylsilica column enabled the analysis of 63 oxylipins including numerous isomeric species within 12-min run time. The method was validated (calibration curve, linearity, limit of detection, limit of quantification, carry-over, precision, accuracy, recovery rate, and matrix effect) and applied to 40 human female plasma samples from breast cancer patients and age-matched healthy volunteers (control). Thirty-six oxylipins were detected in human plasma with concentrations above the limit of detection, and 21 of them were quantified with concentrations above the limit of quantitation. The concentrations determined in healthy controls are in a good agreement with previously reported data on human plasma. Quantitative data were statistically evaluated by multivariate data analysis (MDA) methods including principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least square discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). S-plot and box plots showed that 13-HODE, 9-HODE, 13-HOTrE, 9-HOTrE, and 12-HHTrE were the most upregulated oxylipin species in plasma of breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Chocholoušková
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 532 10, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Robert Jirásko
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 532 10, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - David Vrána
- Medical School and Teaching Hospital, Department of Oncology, Palacký University, I.P. Pavlova 6, 775 20, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Gatěk
- Atlas Hospital, Department of Surgery, Tomáš Baťa University in Zlín, nám. T.G. Masaryka 5555, 760 01, Zlín, Czech Republic
| | - Bohuslav Melichar
- Medical School and Teaching Hospital, Department of Oncology, Palacký University, I.P. Pavlova 6, 775 20, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Holčapek
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 532 10, Pardubice, Czech Republic.
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40
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41
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La Barbera G, Antonelli M, Cavaliere C, Cruciani G, Goracci L, Montone CM, Piovesana S, Laganà A, Capriotti AL. Delving into the Polar Lipidome by Optimized Chromatographic Separation, High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry, and Comprehensive Identification with Lipostar: Microalgae as Case Study. Anal Chem 2018; 90:12230-12238. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b03482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia La Barbera
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome, Italy
| | - Michela Antonelli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Cavaliere
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriele Cruciani
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Laura Goracci
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Carmela Maria Montone
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome, Italy
| | - Susy Piovesana
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome, Italy
| | - Aldo Laganà
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Laura Capriotti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome, Italy
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42
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Qualitative and quantitative comparison of cyclic phosphatidic acid and its related lipid species in rat serum using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography with tandem-mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1567:177-184. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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43
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Rampler E, Schoeny H, Mitic BM, El Abiead Y, Schwaiger M, Koellensperger G. Simultaneous non-polar and polar lipid analysis by on-line combination of HILIC, RP and high resolution MS. Analyst 2018; 143:1250-1258. [PMID: 29431763 DOI: 10.1039/c7an01984j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Given the chemical diversity of lipids and their biological relevance, suitable methods for lipid profiling and quantification are demanded to reduce sample complexity and analysis times. In this work, we present a novel on-line chromatographic method coupling hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) dedicated to class-specific separation of polar lipid to reversed-phase chromatography (RP) for non-polar lipid analysis. More specifically, the void volume of the HILIC separation-consisting of non-polar lipids- is transferred to the orthogonal RP column enabling the on-line combination of HILIC with RP without any dilution in the second dimension. In this setup the orthogonal HILIC and RP separations were performed in parallel and the effluents of both columns were combined prior to high-resolution MS detection, offering the full separation space in one analytical run. Rapid separation for both polar and non-polar lipids within only 15 min (including reequilibration time) was enabled using sub-2 μm particles and UHPLC. The method proved to be robust with excellent retention time stability (RSDs < 1%) and LODs in the fmol to pmol (absolute on column) range even in the presence of complex biological matrix such as human plasma. The presented high-resolution LC-MS/MS method leads to class-specific separation of polar lipids and separation of non-polar lipids which is lost in conventional HILIC separations. HILIC-RP-MS is a promising tool for targeted and untargeted lipidomics workflows as three interesting features are combined namely (1) the decreased run time of state of the art shotgun MS methods, (2) the elevated linear dynamic range inherent to chromatographic separation and (3) increased level of identification by separation of polar and non-polar lipid classes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Rampler
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstr. 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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Pesek JJ, Matyska MT, Watanabe S, Makhanov M, Lopez A, Alejo K, Orozco D, Doan L. Evaluation of silica hydride materials for the LC–MS analysis of cathinones and benzylpiperazines. Forensic Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forc.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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45
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Berkecz R, Körmöczi T, Tömösi F, Szegedi V, Horváth J, Kovács N, Janáky T. Plasma phospholipid profiling of a mouse model of anxiety disorder by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry. Biomed Chromatogr 2018; 32:e4202. [PMID: 29399846 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Glycerophospholipids (PLs), as amphipathic small molecules and the main constituents of biological membranes, play an important role in several cellular processes, even though their accurate identification from complex biological samples remains a challenge. In this paper, we report a fast and comprehensive HILIC-ESI-MS method for the analysis of glycerophospholipid classes using high-resolution mass spectrometry in negative mode. The final method enabled the quantitative analysis of 130 endogenous PL species in mouse plasma. The application of the method developed was to find differences of plasma PL composition in a mouse model of anxiety disorder. In the case of four PL classes and 35 PL species, significant differences were observed comparing low anxiety-related behavior with high anxiety-related behavior groups. The most characteristic trend was up-regulation in both the PL classes and PL species, and decreases were only detected in two phosphatidylcholines among 35 species in mice having elevated anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Róbert Berkecz
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Tímea Körmöczi
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Tömösi
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Viktor Szegedi
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - János Horváth
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Nóra Kovács
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Tamás Janáky
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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46
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Ren JL, Zhang AH, Kong L, Wang XJ. Advances in mass spectrometry-based metabolomics for investigation of metabolites. RSC Adv 2018; 8:22335-22350. [PMID: 35539746 PMCID: PMC9081429 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra01574k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolomics is the systematic study of all the metabolites present within a biological system, which consists of a mass of molecules, having a variety of physical and chemical properties and existing over an extensive dynamic range in biological samples. Diverse analytical techniques are needed to achieve higher coverage of metabolites. The application of mass spectrometry (MS) in metabolomics has increased exponentially since the discovery and development of electrospray ionization and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization techniques. Significant advances have also occurred in separation-based MS techniques (gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry, and ion mobility-mass spectrometry), as well as separation-free MS techniques (direct infusion-mass spectrometry, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-mass spectrometry, mass spectrometry imaging, and direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry) in the past decades. This review presents a brief overview of the recent advanced MS techniques and their latest applications in metabolomics. The software/websites for MS result analyses are also reviewed. Metabolomics is the systematic study of all the metabolites present within a biological system, supply functional information and has received extensive attention in the field of life sciences.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Ling Ren
- Sino-America Chinmedomics Technology Collaboration Center
- National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry
- Chinmedomics Research Center of State Administration of TCM
- Laboratory of Metabolomics
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis
| | - Ai-Hua Zhang
- Sino-America Chinmedomics Technology Collaboration Center
- National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry
- Chinmedomics Research Center of State Administration of TCM
- Laboratory of Metabolomics
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis
| | - Ling Kong
- Sino-America Chinmedomics Technology Collaboration Center
- National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry
- Chinmedomics Research Center of State Administration of TCM
- Laboratory of Metabolomics
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis
| | - Xi-Jun Wang
- Sino-America Chinmedomics Technology Collaboration Center
- National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry
- Chinmedomics Research Center of State Administration of TCM
- Laboratory of Metabolomics
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis
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47
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Hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography of hydroxy aromatic carboxylic acid positional isomers. Anal Chim Acta 2017; 996:98-105. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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48
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Hájek R, Jirásko R, Lísa M, Cífková E, Holčapek M. Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Characterization of Gangliosides in Biological Samples. Anal Chem 2017; 89:12425-12432. [PMID: 29058414 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b03523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) coupled to a negative-ion electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS) method has been developed for the identification of a wide range of gangliosides in biological samples. Gangliosides consist of a backbone of sphingoid base and a polar oligosaccharide chain containing at least one sialic acid. Gangliosides are extracted by chloroform-methanol-water mixture, where an upper aqueous layer containing gangliosides and other polar lipid subclasses is further purified by C18 solid-phase extraction. The optimization of chromatographic conditions includes the column selection, mobile-phase composition, pH value, buffer type, and concentration with the goal to achieve the best chromatographic resolution and MS sensitivity. The identification of gangliosides and other polar lipids is based on accurate m/z values of [M-H]- ions and fragment ions as well measured by high-resolution MS. The detailed interpretation of MS/MS spectra enables the generalization of fragmentation pathways, which is then used for the differentiation of a, b, and c series of gangliosides. The structural assignment is further confirmed by agreement with the predicted retention behavior in HILIC mode on the basis of the correlation among the ganglioside retention, the number of saccharide units, and their sequence. The final HILIC/ESI-MS/MS method is applied for the analysis of porcine brain, human kidney, lungs, plasma, and erythrocytes resulting in unambiguous identification of 145 ganglioside species from 19 subclasses, which represents the highest number of reported gangliosides. Moreover, 71 sulfatides and 59 polar phospholipids (phosphatidylserines, phosphatidylinositols, lysophosphatidylinositols, and phosphatidylglycerols) are detected within a 15 min run.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Hájek
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice , Studentská 573, 53210 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Robert Jirásko
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice , Studentská 573, 53210 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Lísa
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice , Studentská 573, 53210 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Cífková
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice , Studentská 573, 53210 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Holčapek
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice , Studentská 573, 53210 Pardubice, Czech Republic
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49
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Taraji M, Haddad PR, Amos RIJ, Talebi M, Szucs R, Dolan JW, Pohl CA. Chemometric-assisted method development in hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2017; 1000:20-40. [PMID: 29289311 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
With an enormous growth in the application of hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC), there has also been significant progress in HILIC method development. HILIC is a chromatographic method that utilises hydro-organic mobile phases with a high organic content, and a hydrophilic stationary phase. It has been applied predominantly in the determination of small polar compounds. Theoretical studies in computer-aided modelling tools, most importantly the predictive, quantitative structure retention relationship (QSRR) modelling methods, have attracted the attention of researchers and these approaches greatly assist the method development process. This review focuses on the application of computer-aided modelling tools in understanding the retention mechanism, the classification of HILIC stationary phases, prediction of retention times in HILIC systems, optimisation of chromatographic conditions, and description of the interaction effects of the chromatographic factors in HILIC separations. Additionally, what has been achieved in the potential application of QSRR methodology in combination with experimental design philosophy in the optimisation of chromatographic separation conditions in the HILIC method development process is communicated. Developing robust predictive QSRR models will undoubtedly facilitate more application of this chromatographic mode in a broader variety of research areas, significantly minimising cost and time of the experimental work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Taraji
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Physical Sciences-Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75, Hobart 7001, Australia
| | - Paul R Haddad
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Physical Sciences-Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75, Hobart 7001, Australia.
| | - Ruth I J Amos
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Physical Sciences-Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75, Hobart 7001, Australia
| | - Mohammad Talebi
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Physical Sciences-Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75, Hobart 7001, Australia
| | - Roman Szucs
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, CT13 9NJ, Sandwich, UK
| | - John W Dolan
- LC Resources, 1795 NW Wallace Rd., McMinnville, OR 97128, USA
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50
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Lísa M, Cífková E, Khalikova M, Ovčačíková M, Holčapek M. Lipidomic analysis of biological samples: Comparison of liquid chromatography, supercritical fluid chromatography and direct infusion mass spectrometry methods. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1525:96-108. [PMID: 29037587 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Lipidomic analysis of biological samples in a clinical research represents challenging task for analytical methods given by the large number of samples and their extreme complexity. In this work, we compare direct infusion (DI) and chromatography - mass spectrometry (MS) lipidomic approaches represented by three analytical methods in terms of comprehensiveness, sample throughput, and validation results for the lipidomic analysis of biological samples represented by tumor tissue, surrounding normal tissue, plasma, and erythrocytes of kidney cancer patients. Methods are compared in one laboratory using the identical analytical protocol to ensure comparable conditions. Ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography/MS (UHPLC/MS) method in hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography mode and DI-MS method are used for this comparison as the most widely used methods for the lipidomic analysis together with ultrahigh-performance supercritical fluid chromatography/MS (UHPSFC/MS) method showing promising results in metabolomics analyses. The nontargeted analysis of pooled samples is performed using all tested methods and 610 lipid species within 23 lipid classes are identified. DI method provides the most comprehensive results due to identification of some polar lipid classes, which are not identified by UHPLC and UHPSFC methods. On the other hand, UHPSFC method provides an excellent sensitivity for less polar lipid classes and the highest sample throughput within 10min method time. The sample consumption of DI method is 125 times higher than for other methods, while only 40μL of organic solvent is used for one sample analysis compared to 3.5mL and 4.9mL in case of UHPLC and UHPSFC methods, respectively. Methods are validated for the quantitative lipidomic analysis of plasma samples with one internal standard for each lipid class. Results show applicability of all tested methods for the lipidomic analysis of biological samples depending on the analysis requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Lísa
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 53210 Pardubice, Czech Republic.
| | - Eva Cífková
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 53210 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Maria Khalikova
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 53210 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Magdaléna Ovčačíková
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 53210 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Holčapek
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 53210 Pardubice, Czech Republic
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