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Gijo E. Application of tools and techniques of quality by design in pharmaceutical process. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PRODUCTIVITY AND PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.1108/ijppm-09-2020-0472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PurposeThe purpose of this article is to demonstrate the application of the tools and techniques of Quality by Design (QbD) approach in an Indian pharmaceutical drug product manufacturing company and to understand the challenges, managerial implications and lessons learned while implementing this initiative.Design/methodology/approachThis work adopts the Action Research methodology for impurity reduction in a drug product manufacturing company in India by using the tools and techniques of QbD approach. Various QbD tools like Design of experiments, process capability evaluation and control charts were effectively utilized for the study.FindingsAs a part of QbD implementation in the organization, a specific drug product was identified and the impurity level in the product was studied. Significant variables impacting the impurity were identified and the optimum levels for the significant variables were identified through design of experiments. The solutions were implemented and the impurity levels were reduced significantly.Research limitations/implicationsEven though the article is based on a single case study related to tools and techniques of QbD in a single organization in India, the identified problem is a generic product quality related issue for any pharmaceutical drug product manufacturing company. Hence the findings of this research are applicable to pharmaceutical drug manufacturing industry in general.Originality/valueThis article illustrates the systematic usage of various tools and techniques of QbD methodology in a pharmaceutical drug product manufacturing company. The usage of Design of Experiments for process optimization and application of other tools and techniques are ready references for the practitioners and novice users in the field.
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Obradović D, Komsta Ł, Stavrianidi AN, Shpigun OA, Pokrovskiy OI, Vujić Z. Retention mechanisms of imidazoline and piperazine-related compounds in non-aqueous hydrophilic interaction and supercritical fluid chromatography based on chemometric design and analysis. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1678:463340. [PMID: 35905682 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The experimental design methodology based on central composite design of experiments was applied to compare the retention mechanisms in supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) and non-aqueous hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (NA-HILIC). The selected set consists of 26 compounds that belong to imidazoline and serotonin receptor ligands. The different chemometric tools (multiple linear regression, principal component analysis, parallel factor analysis) were used to examine the retention, as well as to identify the most significant retention mechanisms. The retention mechanism was investigated on two different stationary phases (diol, and mixed-mode diol). In NA-HILIC, the mobile phase contains acetonitrile as a main component, and methanolic solution of ammonium formate (+ 0.1% of formic acid) as a modifier. The same mobile phase modifier was used in SFC, with a difference in the main component of the mobile phase which was CO2. The retention behaviour differs significantly between HILIC and SFC conditions. The retention pattern in HILIC mode was more partition-like, while in SFC the solute-sorbent interactions allowed retention. The retention mechanism between mixed-mode diol and the diol phases varies depending on the applied chromatographic mode, e.g., in HILIC the type of stationary phase significantly affects the elution order, while in SFC this was not the case. The HILIC retention behaviour was influenced by the number of tertiary amines-aliphatic, and N atom-centred fragments in tested compounds. On the other hand, the number of pyrrole and pyridine rings in the structure of the compound showed correlation with their SFC retention, simultaneously increasing the molecular weight and rapid elution of larger compounds. It was found that temperature surprisingly plays a major role in SFC mode. The increase in temperature reduces the relative contribution of enthalpy factors to total retention, so the separation in SFC was more entropy-controlled. For further pharmaceutical research and optimization, the SFC would be considered more beneficial compared to HILIC since it gives good selectivity in separation of chosen impurities.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Obradović
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, Belgrade 11000, Serbia.
| | - Ł Komsta
- Chair and Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczwsjiego 4, Lublin 20-090, Poland
| | - A N Stavrianidi
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/3 Leninskie Gory, GSP-1, Moscow 119991, Russia; A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 31 Leninsky Prospect, GSP-1, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - O A Shpigun
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/3 Leninskie Gory, GSP-1, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - O I Pokrovskiy
- N.S. Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, 31 Leninsky Prospect, GSP-1, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Z Vujić
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, Belgrade 11000, Serbia
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Arce MM, Castro D, Sarabia LA, Ortiz MC, Sanllorente S. Procedure to explore a ternary mixture diagram to find the appropriate gradient profile in liquid chromatography with fluorescence detector. Application to determine four primary aromatic amines in napkins. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1676:463252. [PMID: 35752150 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this work is to develop a tool to search for a gradient profile with ternary or binary mixtures in liquid chromatography, that can provide well-resolved chromatograms in the shortest time for multianalyte analysis. This approach is based exclusively on experimental data and does not require a retention time model of the compounds to be separated. The methodology has been applied for the quantification of four primary aromatic amines (PAAs) using HPLC with fluorescence detector (FLD). Aniline (ANL), 2,4-diaminotoluene (TDA), 4,4'-methylenedianiline (MDA) and 2-aminobiphenyl (ABP) have been selected since their importance in food contact materials (FCM). In order to achieve that, partial least squares (PLS) models have been fitted to relate CMP (control method parameters) and CQA (critical quality attributes). Specifically, PLS models have been fitted using 30 experiments for each one of the four CQA (resolution between peaks and total elution time), considering 33 predictor variables (the composition of the methanol and acetonitrile in the mobile phase and the time of each one of the 11 isocratic segments of the gradient). These models have been used to predict new candidate gradients, and then, some of those predictions (the ones with resolutions above 1.5, in absolute value, and final time lower than 20 min) have been experimentally validated. Detection capability of the method has been evaluated obtaining 1.8, 189.4, 28.8 and 3.0 µg L-1 for ANL, TDA, MDA and ABP, respectively. Finally, the application of chemometric tools like PARAFAC2 allowed the accurate quantification of ANL, TDA, MDA and ABP in paper napkins in the presence of other interfering substances coextracted in the sample preparation process. ANL has been detected in the three napkins analysed in quantities between 33.5 and 619.3 µg L-1, while TDA is present in only two napkins in quantities between 725.9 and 1908 µg L-1. In every case, the amount of PAAs found, exceeded the migration limits established in European regulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Arce
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos, Plaza Misael Bañuelos s/n, Burgos 09001, Spain
| | - D Castro
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos, Plaza Misael Bañuelos s/n, Burgos 09001, Spain
| | - L A Sarabia
- Departamento de Matemáticas y Computación, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos, Plaza Misael Bañuelos s/n, Burgos 09001, Spain
| | - M C Ortiz
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos, Plaza Misael Bañuelos s/n, Burgos 09001, Spain.
| | - S Sanllorente
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos, Plaza Misael Bañuelos s/n, Burgos 09001, Spain
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Molenaar SR, Savova MV, Cross R, Ferguson PD, Schoenmakers PJ, Pirok BW. Improving retention-time prediction in supercritical-fluid chromatography by multivariate modelling. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1668:462909. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.462909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Parr MK, Botrè F. Supercritical fluid chromatography mass spectrometry as an emerging technique in doping control analysis. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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West C, Lesellier E. Selection of SFC stationary and mobile phases. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-88487-7.00008-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
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Khater S, Ferguson P, Grand-Guillaume-Perrenoud A. Method development approaches for small-molecule analytes. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-88487-7.00005-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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Ferguson P, Hicks M. The state-of-the-art and future perspectives for SFC. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-88487-7.00013-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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Fouad MA, Elsabour SA, Elkady EF, Elshazly HM. Design of experiment (DOE), multiple response optimization and utilizing the desirability function in the simultaneous HPLC separation of five antihypertensive drugs. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-021-02316-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Hakiem AFA, Hamdy AK, Ali HRH, Gomaa M, Aboraia AS. In depth investigation of the retention behavior of structurally related β-blockers on RP-HPLC column: Quality by design and quantitative structure-property relationship complementary approaches for optimization and validation. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2021; 1166:122549. [PMID: 33545562 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2021.122549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The persistent introduction of new β-blockers motivates the demand for optimizing RP-HPLC well-designed analytical procedures that could be applied to this structurally related and commonly prescribed pharmacological group in order to reduce time and chemicals consumption in quality control units. Betoxolol HCl (BEX) and Carvidolol (CAR) were selected as representative examples to conduct predictive studies based on two complementary approaches, Quality by design (QBD) and Quantitative structure property relationship (QSPR). In concern QBD, a Box-Behnken design was adopted at variable chromatographic parameters to achieve the most proper conditions that might be applied for efficient analysis of the majority of group members. On the other hand, the retention time was chosen as the target property in the QSPR study that was conducted onto seven β. blockers (the two investigated drugs in addition to five other β. blockers) to find the best correlated molecular descriptors to the retention behavior. Both external and internal validation studies have comparable quality with training levels. Hence a simple selection algorithm of conventional features provides robust confirmatory predictive QBD and QSPR models. Derringer's desirability function as as a multi-criteria approach was applied for getting the optimum chromatographic analysis conditions. Efficient analysis of BET and CAR was achieved at column temperatures of 26.00 and 27.50 °C, respectively using acetonitrile and phosphate buffer (pH 4.55) 70:30 v/v as a mobile phase with a flow rate of 1.00 mL/min, and UV detection at 220 nm. The method was validated in accordance to ICH guidelines, and had exhibited acceptable precision, accuracy, linearity, and robustness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Faried Abdel Hakiem
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed K Hamdy
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
| | - Hassan Refat Hassan Ali
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Gomaa
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Safwat Aboraia
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
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Si‐Hung L, Bamba T. A review of retention mechanism studies for packed column supercritical fluid chromatography. ANALYTICAL SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 2:47-67. [PMID: 38715740 PMCID: PMC10989630 DOI: 10.1002/ansa.202000144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
The packed column supercritical fluid chromatography has risen as a promising alternative separation technique to the conventional liquid chromatography and gas chromatography. Although the packed column supercritical fluid chromatography has many advantages compared to other chromatographic techniques, its separation mechanism is not fully understood due to the complex combination effects of many chromatographic parameters on separation quality and the lacking of global strategies for studying separation mechanisms. This review aims to provide recent information regarding the chromatographic behaviors and the effects of the parameters on the separation, discuss the results, and point out the remaining bottlenecks in the packed column supercritical fluid chromatography retention mechanism studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Si‐Hung
- Division of Metabolomics, Medical Institute of BioregulationKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Takeshi Bamba
- Division of Metabolomics, Medical Institute of BioregulationKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
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12
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Haddad PR, Taraji M, Szücs R. Prediction of Analyte Retention Time in Liquid Chromatography. Anal Chem 2020; 93:228-256. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c04190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul R. Haddad
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science, School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia 7001
| | - Maryam Taraji
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science, School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia 7001
- The Australian Wine Research Institute, P.O. Box 197, Adelaide, South Australia 5064, Australia
- Metabolomics Australia, P.O. Box 197, Adelaide, South Australia 5064, Australia
| | - Roman Szücs
- Pfizer R&D UK Limited, Ramsgate Road, Sandwich CT13 9NJ, U.K
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská Dolina CH2, Ilkovičova 6, SK-84215 Bratislava, Slovakia
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Wu Q, Patocka J, Nepovimova E, Kuca K. Jatropha gossypiifolia L. and its biologically active metabolites: A mini review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 234:197-203. [PMID: 30695706 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Jatropha gossypiifolia L. (Euphorbiaceae) is popularly known as bellyache bush or black physic nut and is widely used in local / traditional medicine due to the various biological activities attributed to its different parts, including its leaves, roots, and latex. AIM OF THE STUDY In this review, we aim to update and discuss the chemistry, specific pharmacology, and toxicological activities of Jatropha gossypiifolia and its bioactive metabolites. MATERIALS AND METHODS The Web of Science, PubMed, Google Scholar, SciFinder, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Science Direct databases were searched with the name "Jatropha gossypiifolia" and the term "bioactive metabolites". All studies on the chemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology of the plant up to December 2018 were included in this review. RESULTS Jatropha gossypiifolia leaves are considered to have anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and insecticidal properties. The root and stem have anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties. The seeds and fruits can be used against influenza and as a sedative, analgesic or anti-diarrheal agents. The latex is bactericidal and molluscicidal. Topical application of latex is used to treat wounds and bites of venomous animals. The diluted form is usually used for the treatment of diarrhoea by indigenous peoples. CONCLUSIONS The main pharmacological activities of Jatropha gossypiifolia include anti-inflammatory, antineoplastic, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticholinesterase, and antihypertensive activities. Species of Jatropha are notably known for their toxic potential, and their toxicity is primarily related to the latex and seed contents. However, the potential mechanisms of these pharmacological activities have not been fully explored. We hope this review will help to further inform the potential utilization of Jatropha gossypiifolia in complementary and alternative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua Wu
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
| | - Jiri Patocka
- Faculty of Health and Social Studies, Department of Radiology and Toxicology, University of South Bohemia České Budějovice, České Budějovice, Czech Republic; Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
| | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology (MJIIT), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, 54100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Faraji M. Determination of some red dyes in food samples using a hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent-based vortex assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction coupled with high performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1591:15-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Sun M, Ruiz Barbero S, Johannsen M, Smirnova I, Gurikov P. Retention characteristics of silica materials in carbon dioxide/methanol mixtures studied by inverse supercritical fluid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1588:127-136. [PMID: 30658911 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.12.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2018] [Revised: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In this work, inverse supercritical fluid chromatography was applied to characterize the surface of four silica materials (three commercial Kromasils and one silica aerogel) from chromatographic retention data. Retention factors at various pressures (150-300 bar), temperatures (25-60 °C) and modifier concentrations (5-20 vol.% methanol in CO2) for a set of representative 17 solutes were correlated with the solute properties by the linear solvation energy relationships (LSER). Two types of the LSER models were identified based on different criteria. Firstly, a generally valid model with two descriptors concerning dipolarity/polarizability and solute hydrogen-bonding acceptor ability was constructed. Secondly, a group of specific models for each particular silica material was proposed. According to the statistical analysis of the modeling results, the acid-basic interactions were demonstrated to have a major contribution to the retention for all studied silicas. The intensity of these interactions decreases with increasing methanol concentration in the mobile phase, possibly due to the mixed mechanism of competitive adsorption of the modifier on silanol groups and modification of mobile phase property. Moreover, retention factors measured under constant conditions (p, T, methanol concentration) for a pair of the materials were found to be proportional in logarithmic scale implying the transferability of the adsorption free energies and the adsorption constants across four studied silica materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaotian Sun
- Institute of Thermal Separation Processes, Hamburg University of Technology, Eißendorfer Straße 38, 21073 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Sheila Ruiz Barbero
- Institute of Thermal Separation Processes, Hamburg University of Technology, Eißendorfer Straße 38, 21073 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Monika Johannsen
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Process Engineering, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Hungary
| | - Irina Smirnova
- Institute of Thermal Separation Processes, Hamburg University of Technology, Eißendorfer Straße 38, 21073 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Pavel Gurikov
- Institute of Thermal Separation Processes, Hamburg University of Technology, Eißendorfer Straße 38, 21073 Hamburg, Germany
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Wang H, Huang X, Qian H, Lu R, Zhang S, Zhou W, Gao H, Xu D. Vortex-assisted deep eutectic solvent reversed-phase liquid-liquid microextraction of triazine herbicides in edible vegetable oils. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1589:10-17. [PMID: 30591248 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.12.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, four triazine herbicides-namely, simazine, ametryn, prometryn and terbuthylazine-were separated and determined using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with ultraviolet detector (HPLC-UVD). The deep eutectic solvent (DES) formed by tetrabutylammonium chloride ([N4444]Cl, TBA) and ethylene glycol (EG) was selected as the extraction solvent of vortex-assisted reversed-phase liquid-liquid microextraction (VA-RPLLME). The application of the hydrophilic DES expands the range of choice for LLME. The experimental parameters affecting the extraction recoveries, including the amount of the DES, the sample volume and the vortex time, were investigated and optimized by the design of experiments (DoE) methodology. A quadratic model, namely central composite face-centered (CCF) design featuring 20 runs was used instead of the conventional trial and error approach. Under optimum conditions, the limits of determination (LODs) of the method were 0.60-1.50 μg L-1. The enrichment factors for the analytes ranged from 27 to 31. The extraction recoveries were in the range of 84.1-104.9%, and the intra-day, inter-day and intermediate relative standard deviations (RSDs) were less than 8.4%. Finally, the method was applied for the determination of triazine herbicides in vegetable oil samples. The obtained recoveries were in the range of 60.1-107.2% and RSDs were lower than 8.1%. In general, VA-RPLLME can be complementary to the present available methods for the determination of triazine herbicides in vegetable oil samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huazi Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2#, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaodong Huang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2#, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China; Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Vegetable Products (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture, NO.12 Zhongguancun South St., Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Heng Qian
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2#, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Runhua Lu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2#, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Sanbing Zhang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2#, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wenfeng Zhou
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2#, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Haixiang Gao
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2#, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Donghui Xu
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Vegetable Products (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture, NO.12 Zhongguancun South St., Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China.
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Current trends in supercritical fluid chromatography. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 410:6441-6457. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-1267-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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19
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Parr MK, Schmidt AH. Life cycle management of analytical methods. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 147:506-517. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Revised: 06/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Sahu PK, Ramisetti NR, Cecchi T, Swain S, Patro CS, Panda J. An overview of experimental designs in HPLC method development and validation. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 147:590-611. [PMID: 28579052 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Chemometric approaches have been increasingly viewed as precious complements to high performance liquid chromatographic practices, since a large number of variables can be simultaneously controlled to achieve the desired separations. Moreover, their applications may efficiently identify and optimize the significant factors to accomplish competent results through limited experimental trials. The present manuscript discusses usefulness of various chemometric approaches in high and ultra performance liquid chromatography for (i) methods development from dissolution studies and sample preparation to detection, considering the progressive substitution of traditional detectors with tandem mass spectrometry instruments and the importance of stability indicating assays (ii) method validation through screening and optimization designs. Choice of appropriate types of experimental designs so as to either screen the most influential factors or optimize the selected factors' combination and the mathematical models in chemometry have been briefly recalled and the advantages of chemometric approaches have been emphasized. The evolution of the design of experiments to the Quality by Design paradigm for method development has been reviewed and the Six Sigma practice as a quality indicator in chromatography has been explained. Chemometric applications and various strategies in chromatographic separations have been described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prafulla Kumar Sahu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Quality Assurance, Raghu College of Pharmacy, Dakamarri, Bheemunipatnam Mandal, Visakhapatnam, 531162, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Nageswara Rao Ramisetti
- Analytical Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Tarnaka, Hyderabad, 500007, Telangana, India.
| | - Teresa Cecchi
- Chemistry Department, ITT MONTANI, Via Montani 7, 63900, Fermo, FM, Italy.
| | - Suryakanta Swain
- Department of Pharmaceutics, SIMS College of Pharmacy, Mangaladas Nagar, Vijayawada Road, Guntur, 522 001, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Chandra Sekhar Patro
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Quality Assurance, Raghu College of Pharmacy, Dakamarri, Bheemunipatnam Mandal, Visakhapatnam, 531162, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Jagadeesh Panda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Quality Assurance, Raghu College of Pharmacy, Dakamarri, Bheemunipatnam Mandal, Visakhapatnam, 531162, Andhra Pradesh, India
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