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Román-Hidalgo C, Villar-Navarro M, Martín-Valero MJ, López-Pérez G. Chemical nature evolution of solid supports used in electromembrane extraction procedures: A comparative analysis based on metric tools. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1316:342868. [PMID: 38969413 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.342868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent decades, green chemistry has been focusing on the adaptation of different chemical methods towards environmental friendliness. Sample preparation procedures, which constitute a fundamental step in analytical methodology, have also been modified and implemented in this direction. In particular, electromembrane extraction (EME) procedures, which have traditionally used plastic supports, have been optimized towards greener approaches through the emergence of alternative materials. In this regard, biopolymer-based membranes (such as agarose or chitosan) have become versatile and very promising substitutes to perform these processes. RESULTS Different green metric tools (Analytical Eco-Scale, ComplexGAPI and AGREEprep have been applied to study the evolution of solid supports used in EME from nanostructured tissues and polymer inclusion membranes to agar films and chitosan flat membranes. The main goal is to evaluate the usage of these new biomaterials in the analytical procedure to quantify their environmental impact in the frame of Green Analytical Chemistry (GAC). In addition, both RGB model and BAGI metrics have been employed to study the sustainability of the whole procedure, including not only greenness, but also analytical performance and feasibility aspects. Results obtained after the performance of the mentioned metrics have demonstrated that the most efficient and environmentally friendly analytical methods are based on the use of chitosan supports. This improvement is mainly due to the chemical nature of this biopolymer as well as to the removal of organic solvents. SIGNIFICANCE This work highlights the advantages of biodegradable materials employment in EME procedures to achieve green analytical methodologies. These materials also contribute to raise the figure of merits regarding to the quantification parameters in a wide range of applications compared to classical supports employed in EME, thus enhancing sustainability of procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Román-Hidalgo
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Prof. García González, s/n, 41012, Seville, Spain.
| | - Mercedes Villar-Navarro
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Prof. García González, s/n, 41012, Seville, Spain
| | - María Jesús Martín-Valero
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Prof. García González, s/n, 41012, Seville, Spain
| | - Germán López-Pérez
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Prof. García González, s/n, 41012, Seville, Spain.
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2
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Alawadi M, Fakhari AR, Maghsoudi M, Nojavan S. Dextrin-assisted gel electromembrane extraction of chiral drugs: Improving the extraction efficiency and investigation of enantioselectivity of extraction. Talanta 2024; 274:126016. [PMID: 38599118 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
The present study investigates the use of dextrins (maltodextrin, β-cyclodextrin, and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin) to improve the efficiency of the agarose-based gel electromembrane extraction technique for extracting chiral basic drugs (citalopram, hydroxyzine, and cetirizine). Additionally, it examines the enantioselectivity of the extraction process for these drugs. To achieve these, dextrins were incorporated into either the sample solution, the membrane, or the acceptor solution, and then the extraction procedure was performed. Enantiomers were separated and analyzed using a capillary electrophoresis device equipped with a UV detector. The results obtained under the optimal extraction conditions (sample solution pH: 4.0, acceptor solution pH: 2.0, gel membrane pH: 3.0, agarose concentration: 3 % w/v, stirring rate: 1000 rpm, gel thickness: 4.4 mm, extraction voltage: 62.3 V, and extraction time: 32.1 min) indicated that incorporating dextrins into either the sample solution, membrane or the acceptor solution enhances extraction efficiency by 17.3-23.1 %. The most significant increase was observed when hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin was added to the acceptor solution. The findings indicated that the inclusion of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin in the sample solution resulted in an enantioselective extraction, yielding an enantiomeric excess of 6.42-7.14 %. The proposed method showed a linear range of 5.0-2000 ng/mL for enantiomers of model drugs. The limit of detection and limit of quantification for all enantiomers were found to be < 4.5 ng/mL and <15.0 ng/mL, respectively. Intra- and inter-day RSDs (n = 4) were less than 10.8 %, and the relative errors were less than 3.2 % for all the enantiomers. Finally, the developed method was successfully applied to determine concentrations of enantiomers in a urine sample with relative recoveries of 96.8-99.2 %, indicating good reliability of the developed method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Alawadi
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Pollutants, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Reza Fakhari
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Pollutants, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Majid Maghsoudi
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Pollutants, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Nojavan
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Pollutants, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
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3
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Orlando RM, Dvořák M, Kubáň P. Electroextraction of methylene blue from aqueous environmental samples using paper points coupled with hollow fiber membranes. Talanta 2024; 273:125849. [PMID: 38490026 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.125849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
This article introduces a novel approach by coupling paper points with hollow fiber membrane for electroextraction (PP-HF-EE). The method was innovatively applied to extract methylene blue (MB) from large water volumes (up to 580 mL). A comprehensive study of six key parameters - organic filter, acceptor and donor phase composition, extraction time, applied voltage, and sample volume - was conducted using conventional flatbed scanning and digital image analysis. Our results revealed that extraction performance was primarily influenced by time, with low voltages (50 V) and low-conductivity organic filters (1-decanol) yielding comparable results to higher settings (300 V or 1-pentanol). Under optimized conditions (50 V, 60 min, 1-decanol as the organic filter), analytical performance parameters were assessed, demonstrating acceptable precision (RSD <18% for intra- and inter-day measurements) within a linear range of 5-100 μg L-1 (r = 0.98). PP-HF-EE demonstrated reliability through stable and reproducible electric current measurements during all extraction studies. Utilizing an extremely cost-effective detection system, PP-HF-EE achieved detection limits in the low ppb range, highlighting its potential as a promising variation of electromembrane extraction for environmental sample analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Mathias Orlando
- Laboratory of Microfluidics and Separations, LaMS, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Miloš Dvořák
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v. v. i., Veveří 97, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Kubáň
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v. v. i., Veveří 97, Brno, Czech Republic
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4
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Song C, Zhou C, Hansen FA, Hay AO, Pedersen-Bjergaard S. Optimization of generic conditions for electromembrane extraction of basic substances of moderate or low polarity. J Sep Sci 2024; 47:e2300801. [PMID: 38356234 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202300801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Generic electromembrane extraction (EME) methods were developed and optimized for basic analytes of moderate or low polarity, employing prototype conductive vial EME equipment. Two generic methods, B1 and B2, were devised for mono- and dibasic compounds with distinct polarity windows: 2.0 < log P < 6.0 for B1 and 1.0 < log P < 4.5 for B2. In B1, 10 μL of 2-nitrophenyl octyl ether served as the liquid membrane, while B2 utilized 10 μL of 2-undecanone. Both methods involved the acidification of 125 μL of human plasma samples with 125 μL of sample diluent (0.5 M HCOOH for B1 and 1.0 M HCOOH for B2). The acceptor phase consisted of 250 μL of 100 mM HCOOH. Extraction was conducted for 30 min with agitation at 800 rpm, employing an extraction potential of 100 V for B1 and 50 V for B2. A set of 90 pharmaceutical compounds was employed as model analytes. Both B1 and B2 demonstrated high recoveries (40%-100%) for the majority of model analytes within their respective polarity windows. Intra-day precision was within 2.2% and 9.7% relative standard deviation. Both extraction systems exhibited stability in terms of current, matrix effect values were between 90% and 109%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenchen Song
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chen Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | | | | | - Stig Pedersen-Bjergaard
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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5
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Schüller M, Hansen FA, Pedersen-Bjergaard S. Extraction performance of electromembrane extraction and liquid-phase microextraction in prototype equipment. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1710:464440. [PMID: 37832461 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
In this comparative study, the performance of liquid-phase microextraction and electromembrane extraction in prototype equipment was evaluated for extraction of ninety basic substances from plasma. Using a commercial EME device based on conductive vials enabled a standardized and comprehensive comparison between the two methods. Extractions were performed from a pH-adjusted donor solution, across an organic liquid membrane immobilized in a porous polypropylene membrane, and into an acidic acceptor solution. In LPME, dodecyl acetate was used as the extraction solvent, while 2-nitrophenyl octyl ether was used for EME with an electric field applied across the system. To assess the extraction performance, extraction recovery plots and extraction time curves were constructed and analyzed. These plots provided insights into the efficiency and effectiveness of LPME and EME, allowing users to make better decisions about the most suitable method for a specific bioanalytical application. Both LPME and EME were effective for substances with 2.0 < log P < 4.0, with EME showing faster extraction kinetics. Small (200 µL) and large vials (600 µL) were compared, showing that smaller vials improved kinetics markedly in both techniques. Carrier-mediated extraction showed improved performance for analytes with log P < 2 in EME, however, with some limitations due to system instability. This is, to our knowledge, the first time LPME was performed in the commercial vial-based equipment. An evaluation of vial-based LPME investigating linearity, precision, accuracy, and matrix effects showed promising results. These findings contribute to a general understanding of the performance differences in vial-based LPME and EME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Schüller
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1068 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Frederik André Hansen
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1068 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Stig Pedersen-Bjergaard
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1068 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway; Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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6
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Shahane A, Zhao W, Pakalapati N, Alshogran OY, Caritis SN, Lim G, Shaik IH, Venkataramanan R. Simultaneous quantitation of ketamine, norketamine and dehydronorketamine in human milk using a novel ultra high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) assay. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 234:115502. [PMID: 37311376 PMCID: PMC10527422 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
There is a paucity of data on the transfer of ketamine from maternal blood into human milk. Quantification of ketamine in human milk provides information about the potential exposure of the infant to ketamine and its metabolites from the mother during lactation. A highly specific, reproducible, and sensitive UPLC-MS/MS based analytical method was developed and validated for the quantitation of ketamine and its metabolites (norketamine and dehydronorketamine) in human milk. Samples were subjected to a simple protein precipitation and ketamine-d4 and norketamine-d4 were used as internal standards. Separation of the analytes was achieved using an Acquity UPLC equipped with BEH RP18 1.7 µm, 2.1 × 100 mm column. Mass spectrometric analysis of the analyte ions was carried out using electrospray with positive ionization and multiple reaction monitoring mode. The assay was linear over a concentration range of 1-100 ng/mL for ketamine and norketamine, and 0.1-10 ng/mL for dehydronorketamine. Acceptable intra-day and inter-day accuracy and precision were observed for all the analytes. High recovery of the analytes and minimal matrix effect were observed. Stability of analytes was confirmed at the tested conditions. This assay was successfully used to measure analytes in human milk samples collected from lactating women enrolled in a clinical research study. This is the first validated method that simultaneously quantified ketamine and its metabolites in human milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Shahane
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Wenchen Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Naren Pakalapati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Osama Y Alshogran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Steve N Caritis
- University of Pittsburgh Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, UPMC Magee-Womens Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Grace Lim
- University of Pittsburgh Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, UPMC Magee-Womens Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; University of Pittsburgh Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for Innovation in Pain Care, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Imam H Shaik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Department of Pharmacy and Therapeutics, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
| | - Raman Venkataramanan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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7
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Martín A, Santigosa E, Ramos-Payán M. Green strategies using solvent-free biodegradable membranes in microfluidic devices. Liquid phase microextraction and electromembrane extraction. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1274:341572. [PMID: 37455082 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a novel solvent-free microfluidic method based liquid phase microextraction has been proposed for the first time. A comprehensive study of liquid phase microextraction (LPME) and electromembrane extraction (EME) implemented in microfluidic formats has been carried out to investigate the efficiency of biodegradable membranes (such as agarose) without organic solvent to develop fully environmental microfluidic methods. For this study, non-polar and polar basic compounds (five) were selected as model analytes and different agarose membrane compositions were synthesized and tested with and without organic solvent (solvent-free). Under optimal experimental conditions, the extraction efficiencies obtained using solvent-free LPME-chip devices were similar to the ones obtained using solvent-free EME-chip devices at very low voltages (0.25 V), however, LPME microfluidic format was selected due to its simplicity. The proposed green microfluidic device was successfully applied in urine samples with recoveries between 80 and 93% for all analytes and relative standard deviation below 7% for all analytes. Results were compared with experiments previously conducted using conventional (polypropylene) membranes, observing that solvent-free microfluidic systems based on biodegradable solid support materials have proven to be an attractive alternative and offered the same advantages in terms of membrane stability allowing consecutive extractions compared to supported liquid membranes (SLM) microfluidic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Martín
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Seville, C/Prof. García González s/n, 41012, Seville, Spain
| | - Elia Santigosa
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Seville, C/Prof. García González s/n, 41012, Seville, Spain
| | - María Ramos-Payán
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Seville, C/Prof. García González s/n, 41012, Seville, Spain.
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8
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Abbasi S, Roushani M, Haeri SA, Heydarzadeh S. Solar energy-based electromembrane extraction using agarose gel for the determination of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs from biological samples: An environmentally friendly strategy. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1706:464233. [PMID: 37523910 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents the application of solar energy as a renewable resource in gel electromembrane extraction (G-EME). The extraction driving force (electrical field) generated from solar energy is stored through photovoltaic panels and significantly contributes to reducing the emission of greenhouse gasses. Moreover, the replacement of the polypropylene membrane and organic extracting solvents with biodegradable agarose membrane and the aqueous extracting solutions makes the presented approach compatible with the principles of green chemistry. Naproxen (NAP) and ibuprofen (IBF) were extracted from urine samples to the aqueous acceptor phase containing an anode electrode situated on the other side of the agarose gel membrane. Acceptable linearity was obtained in the concentration ranges of 6-100 and 9-100 μg. L - 1 with detection limits of 2 and 3 μg. L - 1 for NAP and IBF, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahryar Abbasi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Roushani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran
| | - Seyed Ammar Haeri
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran.
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9
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Justo-Vega A, Jinadasa KK, Jayasinghe GDTM, Álvarez-Freire I, Bermejo AM, Bermejo-Barrera P, Moreda-Piñeiro A. Ultrasound assisted membrane-assisted solvent extraction for the simultaneous assessment of some drugs involved in drug-facilitated sexual assaults by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1706:464284. [PMID: 37572537 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
A simple and highly efficient ultrasound assisted membrane-assisted solvent extraction (MASE) pre-treatment method for urine has been developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of twenty-two drugs involved in drug-facilitated sexual assaults (DFSAs) by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. MASE was performed with 4.0 mL of urine (pH adjusted at 12), 400 μL of hexane as an organic solvent inside the polypropylene membrane, and ultrasonication (45 kHz, 120 W) for 10 min. A pre-concentration factor of 40 was achieved after evaporation (N2 stream) and re-dissolution in 100 µL of methanol. Analytes were separated using a Zorbax Eclipse Plus C18 column under gradient elution with aqueous 10 mM NH4HCO3 (pH 8.0) and methanol as mobile phases. Matrix-matched calibrations allowed the assessment of DFSA drugs of quite different octanol-water partition coefficients (Ko/w), from 1.32 101 for pregabalin to 2.45 105 for clomipramine (Log P values from 1.12 (pregabalin) to 5.39 (clomipramine)). The limit of detection (LOD) was between 0.0075 to 0.37 µg L-1, with analytical recoveries ranging from 73 to 103%, and relative standard deviations (RSDs) within the 2-20% range. The applicability of the method was demonstrated after analysing urine samples under forensic investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Justo-Vega
- Trace Element, Spectroscopy and Speciation Group (GETEE), Institute of Materials iMATUS, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Bromatology, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Avenida das Ciencias, s/n., Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
| | - Kamal K Jinadasa
- Trace Element, Spectroscopy and Speciation Group (GETEE), Institute of Materials iMATUS, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Bromatology, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Avenida das Ciencias, s/n., Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
| | - G D Thilini Madurangika Jayasinghe
- Trace Element, Spectroscopy and Speciation Group (GETEE), Institute of Materials iMATUS, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Bromatology, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Avenida das Ciencias, s/n., Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
| | - Iván Álvarez-Freire
- Forensic Sciences Institute "Luís Concheiro" (INCIFOR), Department of Pathologic Anatomy and Forensic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Rúa de San Francisco, s/n, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
| | - Ana María Bermejo
- Forensic Sciences Institute "Luís Concheiro" (INCIFOR), Department of Pathologic Anatomy and Forensic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Rúa de San Francisco, s/n, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
| | - Pilar Bermejo-Barrera
- Trace Element, Spectroscopy and Speciation Group (GETEE), Institute of Materials iMATUS, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Bromatology, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Avenida das Ciencias, s/n., Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
| | - Antonio Moreda-Piñeiro
- Trace Element, Spectroscopy and Speciation Group (GETEE), Institute of Materials iMATUS, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Bromatology, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Avenida das Ciencias, s/n., Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain.
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10
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Rabiee N, Sharma R, Foorginezhad S, Jouyandeh M, Asadnia M, Rabiee M, Akhavan O, Lima EC, Formela K, Ashrafizadeh M, Fallah Z, Hassanpour M, Mohammadi A, Saeb MR. Green and Sustainable Membranes: A review. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 231:116133. [PMID: 37209981 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Membranes are ubiquitous tools for modern water treatment technology that critically eliminate hazardous materials such as organic, inorganic, heavy metals, and biomedical pollutants. Nowadays, nano-membranes are of particular interest for myriad applications such as water treatment, desalination, ion exchange, ion concentration control, and several kinds of biomedical applications. However, this state-of-the-art technology suffers from some drawbacks, e.g., toxicity and fouling of contaminants, which makes the synthesis of green and sustainable membranes indeed safety-threatening. Typically, sustainability, non-toxicity, performance optimization, and commercialization are concerns centered on manufacturing green synthesized membranes. Thus, critical issues related to toxicity, biosafety, and mechanistic aspects of green-synthesized nano-membranes have to be systematically and comprehensively reviewed and discussed. Herein we evaluate various aspects of green nano-membranes in terms of their synthesis, characterization, recycling, and commercialization aspects. Nanomaterials intended for nano-membrane development are classified in view of their chemistry/synthesis, advantages, and limitations. Indeed, attaining prominent adsorption capacity and selectivity in green-synthesized nano-membranes requires multi-objective optimization of a number of materials and manufacturing parameters. In addition, the efficacy and removal performance of green nano-membranes are analyzed theoretically and experimentally to provide researchers and manufacturers with a comprehensive image of green nano-membrane efficiency under real environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navid Rabiee
- School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, 2109, Australia; Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, 6150, Australia; Department of Physics, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, P.O. Box 11155-9161, Iran.
| | - Rajni Sharma
- School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, 2109, Australia
| | - Sahar Foorginezhad
- School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, 2109, Australia; Lulea University of Technology, Department of Energy Science and Mathematics, Energy Science, 97187, Lulea, Sweden
| | - Maryam Jouyandeh
- Center of Excellence in Electrochemistry, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Asadnia
- School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, 2109, Australia.
| | - Mohammad Rabiee
- Biomaterial Group, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Omid Akhavan
- Department of Physics, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, P.O. Box 11155-9161, Iran
| | - Eder C Lima
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Krzysztof Formela
- Department of Polymer Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdánsk University of Technology, G. Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233, Gdánsk, Poland
| | - Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Department of General Surgery and Institute of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors, Carson International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China; Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zari Fallah
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Mazandaran, P. O. Box 47416, 95447, Babolsar, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Hassanpour
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan, 45137-66731, Iran
| | - Abbas Mohammadi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, 81746-73441, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Saeb
- Department of Polymer Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdánsk University of Technology, G. Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233, Gdánsk, Poland
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11
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Shi L, Chen M, Zhao G, Wang X, Fan M, Liu R, Xie F. Environmental Applications of Electromembrane Extraction: A Review. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:705. [PMID: 37623766 PMCID: PMC10456692 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13080705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Electromembrane extraction (EME) is a miniaturized extraction technique that has been widely used in recent years for the analysis and removal of pollutants in the environment. It is based on electrokinetic migration across a supported liquid membrane (SLM) under the influence of an external electrical field between two aqueous compartments. Based on the features of the SLM and the electrical field, EME offers quick extraction, effective sample clean-up, and good selectivity, and limits the amount of organic solvent used per sample to a few microliters. In this paper, the basic devices (membrane materials and types of organic solvents) and influencing factors of EME are first introduced, and the applications of EME in the analysis and removal of environmental inorganic ions and organic pollutants are systematically reviewed. An outlook on the future development of EME for environmental applications is also given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linping Shi
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Science Avenue #100, Zhengzhou 450001, China;
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Fengyang Street #2, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (G.Z.); (X.W.); (M.F.); (R.L.)
| | - Mantang Chen
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Fengyang Street #2, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (G.Z.); (X.W.); (M.F.); (R.L.)
| | - Ge Zhao
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Fengyang Street #2, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (G.Z.); (X.W.); (M.F.); (R.L.)
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Fengyang Street #2, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (G.Z.); (X.W.); (M.F.); (R.L.)
| | - Meijuan Fan
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Fengyang Street #2, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (G.Z.); (X.W.); (M.F.); (R.L.)
| | - Ruihong Liu
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Fengyang Street #2, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (G.Z.); (X.W.); (M.F.); (R.L.)
| | - Fuwei Xie
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Fengyang Street #2, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (G.Z.); (X.W.); (M.F.); (R.L.)
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12
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Martins RO, de Araújo GL, Simas RC, Chaves AR. ELECTROMEMBRANE EXTRACTION (EME): FUNDAMENTALS AND APPLICATIONS. TALANTA OPEN 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talo.2023.100200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
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13
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Román-Hidalgo C, Barreiros L, Villar-Navarro M, López-Pérez G, Martín-Valero MJ, Segundo MA. Electromembrane extraction based on biodegradable materials: Biopolymers as sustainable alternatives to plastics. Trends Analyt Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2023.117048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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14
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Ocaña-González JA, Aranda-Merino N, Pérez-Bernal JL, Ramos-Payán M. Solid supports and supported liquid membranes for different liquid phase microextraction and electromembrane extraction configurations. A review. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1691:463825. [PMID: 36731330 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.463825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Liquid phase microextraction (LPME) and electromembrane microextraction (EME) can be considered as two of the most popular techniques in sample treatment today. Both techniques can be configurated as membrane-assisted techniques to carry out the extraction. These supports provide the required geometry and stability on the contact surface between two phases (donor and acceptor) and improve the reproducibility of sample treatment techniques. These solid support pore space, once is filled with organic solvents, act as a selective barrier acting as a supported liquid membrane (SLM). The SLM nature is a fundamental parameter, and its selection is critical to carry out successful extractions. There are numerous SLMs that have been successfully employed in a wide variety of application fields. The latter is due to the specificity of the selected organic solvents, which allows the extraction of compounds of a very different nature. In the last decade, solid supports and SLM have evolved towards "green" and environmentally friendly materials and solvents. In this review, solid supports implemented in LPME and EME will be discussed and summarized, as well as their applications. Moreover, the advances and modifications of the solid supports and the SLMs to improve the extraction efficiencies, recoveries and enrichment factors are discussed. Hollow fiber and flat membranes, including microfluidic systems, will be considered depending on the technique, configuration, or device used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Antonio Ocaña-González
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Seville, c/Prof. García González s/n, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Noemí Aranda-Merino
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Seville, c/Prof. García González s/n, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Juan Luis Pérez-Bernal
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Seville, c/Prof. García González s/n, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - María Ramos-Payán
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Seville, c/Prof. García González s/n, 41012 Seville, Spain.
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15
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Gel electro-membrane extraction: An overview on recent strategies for extraction efficiency enhancement. Trends Analyt Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2023.116990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
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16
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Román-Hidalgo C, López-Pérez G, Villar-Navarro M, Martín-Valero MJ. Green electromembrane extraction procedure based on biodegradable chitosan films for determination of polyphenolic compounds in food samples: Greenness assessment of the sample preparation approach. Talanta 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.124034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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17
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Rahbarian H, Nojavan S, Maghsoudi M, Tabani H. In-tube gel electromembrane extraction: A green strategy for the extraction of narcotic drugs from biological samples. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1688:463714. [PMID: 36565655 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The development of green and miniature extraction methods is always a major and controversial challenge in the field of sample preparation. In this work, in-tube gel electromembrane extraction (IT-G-EME) was developed as a miniaturized extraction device for the extraction of six narcotic drugs (codeine, oxycodone, hydrocodone, tramadol, thebaine, and noscapine) from biological samples. A transparent capillary tube (∼6 cm) was used as a microextraction unit. The middle part of the tube was filled with a narrow plug (∼3 mm) of the agarose gel (3.0% w/v) as a membrane and the other sides were filled with aqueous extractant solution (pH 2.0, 20 µL) and sample solution (pH 5.0, 200 µL). By applying electrical potential (400 V), the target drugs with positive charge were migrated from sample solution toward the extractant solution through gel membrane during short extraction time (5 min). Then, the enriched analytes in extractant solution was analyzed by HPLC-UV. Under the optimized conditions, the calibration curves were linear within the permissible range of 10.0-1500 ng/mL (r2 ≥ 0.991). Limits of detection and extraction recoveries were in the range of 3.0-4.5 ng/mL and 61.9-86.9%, respectively. On the basis of four replications, the repeatability of the method was also evaluated in terms of intra- and inter-day RSDs (%), which did not exceed from 6.6 and 7.9%, respectively in aqueous media. The figures of merit were also assessed in biological samples. Eventually, the developed method was profitably used for simultaneous determination of narcotic drugs in the real urine and plasma samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanieh Rahbarian
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Pollutants, Shahid Beheshti University, Evin, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Nojavan
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Pollutants, Shahid Beheshti University, Evin, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Majid Maghsoudi
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Pollutants, Shahid Beheshti University, Evin, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hadi Tabani
- Department of Environmental Geology, Research Institute of Applied Sciences (ACECR), Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
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18
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Xiao Q, Ma M, Chen J, Zhang Y, Chen F, Weng H, Xiao A. Preparation of macroporous rigid agarose microspheres by pre-crosslinking with cyclic anhydride. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 222:41-54. [PMID: 36156340 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.09.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a new method for preparing macroporous rigid agarose microspheres was developed by one-step pre-crosslinking method with cyclic anhydride. Three different cyclic anhydrides, namely, maleic anhydride, succinic anhydride, and glutaric anhydride, were used to pre-crosslink agarose. The reaction temperature and the amount of cyclic anhydride in the pre-crosslinking process were optimized to endow agarose with stronger cross-linking. Under the optimal cross-linking condition, macroporous rigid agarose microspheres with homogeneous particle size were successfully obtained by adjusting emulsification method. Cryo-scanning electron microscopy was used to characterize the morphology of cross-linked agarose gel and microspheres. The addition of cyclic anhydride increased the gel aperture of cross-linked agarose microspheres, thereby making the macropores in the microspheres more dense and enhancing the mass transfer in the particles. Under low pressure, the cross-linked agarose microsphere column can effectively separate model proteins at linear flow rates three times higher than the agarose microsphere column. These results indicate that the developed agarose microspheres are a promising high-speed chromatographic medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Xiao
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; National R&D Center for Red Alga Processing Technology, Xiamen, Fujian Province 361021, China; Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen, Fujian Province 361021, China; Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Mingze Ma
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; National R&D Center for Red Alga Processing Technology, Xiamen, Fujian Province 361021, China; Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen, Fujian Province 361021, China; Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Jun Chen
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; National R&D Center for Red Alga Processing Technology, Xiamen, Fujian Province 361021, China; Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen, Fujian Province 361021, China; Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Yonghui Zhang
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; National R&D Center for Red Alga Processing Technology, Xiamen, Fujian Province 361021, China; Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen, Fujian Province 361021, China; Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Fuquan Chen
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; National R&D Center for Red Alga Processing Technology, Xiamen, Fujian Province 361021, China; Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen, Fujian Province 361021, China; Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Huifen Weng
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; National R&D Center for Red Alga Processing Technology, Xiamen, Fujian Province 361021, China; Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen, Fujian Province 361021, China; Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Anfeng Xiao
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; National R&D Center for Red Alga Processing Technology, Xiamen, Fujian Province 361021, China; Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen, Fujian Province 361021, China; Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen 361021, China.
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19
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Green bioanalysis: an innovative and eco-friendly approach for analyzing drugs in biological matrices. Bioanalysis 2022; 14:881-909. [PMID: 35946313 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2022-0095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Green bioanalytical techniques aim to reduce or eliminate the hazardous waste produced by bioanalytical technologies. A well-organized and practical approach towards bioanalytical method development has an enormous contribution to the green analysis. The selection of the appropriate sample extraction process, organic mobile phase components and separation technique makes the bioanalytical method green. UHPLC-MS is the best option, whereas supercritical fluid chromatography is one of the most effective green bioanalytical procedures. Nevertheless, there remains excellent scope for further research on green bioanalytical methods. This review details the various sample preparation techniques that follow green analytical chemistry principles. Furthermore, it presents green solvents as a replacement for conventional organic solvents and highlights the strategies to convert modern analytical techniques to green methods.
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Abbasi H, Abbasi S, Haeri SA, Rezayati S, kalantari F, Heravi MRP. Electromembrane extraction using biodegradable deep eutectic solvents and agarose gel as green and organic solvent-free strategies for the determination of polar and non-polar bases drugs from biological samples: A comparative study. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1222:339986. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.339986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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21
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Evaluation of complexing agents in the gel electro-membrane extraction: An efficient approach for the quantification of zinc (II) ions in water samples. Talanta 2022; 238:123031. [PMID: 34857349 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.123031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In this work, gel electro-membrane extraction (G-EME) combined with flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) was used for the determination of zinc ions (Zn2+) in water samples. For the first time, the effect of the presence of three types of complexing agents such as phenanthroline (Phen), crown ethers (12C4, 15C5, 18C6), and ethylene-diamine-tetra-acetic acid (EDTA) on the extraction efficiency of zinc ions was studied. In addition, the electroendosmosis (EEO) flow as an unwanted actuator was monitored in the presence and absence of complexing agents. By applying 50 V electrical potential across the membrane, the positive charged Zn2+ ions were migrated from a donor phase (pH 5.0) through the agarose gel membrane (pH 5.0, containing a complexing agent) into the acceptor phase (pH 3.0). The obtained results showed that the highest extraction recoveries were obtained when crown ethers, especially 1% (w/v) 18C6 was added to the gel membrane. In addition, EEO flow was decreased in the presence of all complexing agents (except EDTA), probably due to the increase in electrical resistance. Using the optimum conditions, the limit of detection (LOD), the limit of quantification (LOQ), and extraction recovery% (ER%) were 5.0 μg L-1, 15.0 μg L-1, and 92.5%, respectively. In the end, the applicability of the developed approach was successfully evaluated to determine Zn2+ in tap, mineral, and river water samples.
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22
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23
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Eie LV, Pedersen-Bjergaard S, Hansen FA. Electromembrane extraction of polar substances - Status and perspectives. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 207:114407. [PMID: 34634529 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In this article, the scientific literature on electromembrane extraction (EME) of polar substances (log P < 2) is reviewed. EME is an extraction technique based on electrokinetic migration of analyte ions from an aqueous sample, across an organic supported liquid membrane (SLM), and into an aqueous acceptor solution. Because extraction is based on voltage-assisted partitioning, EME is fundamentally suitable for extraction of polar and ionizable substances that are challenging in many other extraction techniques. The article provides an exhaustive overview of papers on EME of polar substances. From this, different strategies to improve the mass transfer of polar substances are reviewed and critically discussed. These strategies include different SLM chemistries, modification of supporting membranes, sorbent additives, aqueous solution chemistry, and voltage/current related strategies. Finally, the future applicability of EME for polar substances is discussed. We expect EME in the coming years to be developed towards both very selective targeted analysis, as well as untargeted analysis of polar substances in biomedical applications such as metabolomics and peptidomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Vårdal Eie
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1068 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Stig Pedersen-Bjergaard
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1068 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway; Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Frederik André Hansen
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1068 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway.
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24
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Sahragard A, Alahmad W, Varanusupakul P. Electrocolorimetric gel-based sensing approach for simultaneous extraction, preconcentration, and detection of iodide and chromium (VI) ions. Talanta 2021; 235:122715. [PMID: 34517583 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A total integrated electrocolorimetric sensing approach consisting of gel-based electromembrane extraction and colorimetric detection in a one-step process was developed. This system was designed using colorimetric reagents preadded to the agarose gel for the determination of the following two model analytes: iodide and hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)]. In this system, when a voltage was applied, the analytes were extracted and transferred from the sample solution (donor phase) to the gel (acceptor phase). The analytes then simultaneously reacted with the colorimetric reagents inside the gel, yielding blue and violet colors for iodide and Cr(VI), respectively. These colors were then analyzed using a portable spectrometer and could also be distinguished with the naked eye. Parameters affecting the extraction efficiency were studied and optimized for both analytes. The gel composition for iodide detection was 4% (w/v) agarose, 5% (v/v) H2O2, and 1% (w/v) starch in 2 mM HCl. The gel composition for Cr(VI) detection was 2% (w/v) agarose and 1% (w/v) DPC in 0.5 mM HNO3. Both analytes were extracted at an applied potential of 50 V, an extraction time of 15 min and a stirring rate of 600 rpm. Under the optimized conditions, the developed systems provided linear responses within 15 min for iodide concentrations ranging from 50 to 250 μg L-1 with a detection limit of 18 μg L-1 and for Cr(VI) concentrations ranging from 30 to 125 μg L-1 with a detection limit of 5 μg L-1. Finally, these systems were successfully applied to the determination of iodide in iodide food supplement samples and Cr(VI) in drinking water samples, showing a negligible matrix effect. This integration could also be extended to other analytes and detection systems to develop sensitive, on-site, and environmentally friendly sensing approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Sahragard
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Waleed Alahmad
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Pakorn Varanusupakul
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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25
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Abbasi S, Haeri SA. Enrichment of psychotropic drugs using rhamnolipid bioaggregates after electromembrane extraction based on an agarose gel using a rotating electrode as a green and organic solvent-free strategy. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1655:462500. [PMID: 34487877 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We here present an efficient approach for the tandem extraction of psychotropic drugs using biodegradable materials. In this regard, gel electromembrane extraction (G-EME) was combined with the emulsification-based microextraction (ME) technique by rhamnolipid bioaggregates as a green extraction approach. The tandem extraction technique consists of two stages: (i) extraction of psychotropic drugs from human urine samples to the acceptor phase situated on the other side of the agarose gel membrane, and (ii) transfer of analytes from the acceptor phase into a colloidal phase of rhamnolipid biosurfactants. The colloidal phase was formed by adding rhamnolipid biosurfactants to the extracted phase of the first step. The colloidal phase was finally injected into a liquid chromatographic system for quantitative analysis. G-EME mechanism is based on electrokinetic migration of charged species toward oppositely charged electrode located in the acceptor solution under the influence of the electric field. After extraction, the analytes were trapped in an emulsion phase floating on the surface of the solution and at the end were injected into the liquid chromatographic system. The method provided good linearity in the ranges of 5-100 and 10-100 μg. L-1 for methamphetamine and amphetamine, respectively with (r2 > 0.992). Also, the detection limits (LODs) were 1 and 5 μg. L-1 for methamphetamine and amphetamine, respectively. The mean extraction recoveries by G-EME-ME for real samples at three spiked concentrations were in the range 95.9-101.1% and complete analytical workflow within only 18 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahryar Abbasi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran
| | - Seyed Ammar Haeri
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran.
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Maghsoudi M, Nojavan S, Hatami E. Development of electrically assisted solvent bar microextraction followed by high performance liquid chromatography for the extraction and quantification of basic drugs in biological samples. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1654:462447. [PMID: 34392124 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a new extraction procedure is introduced based on electrically assisted solvent bar microextraction. In the first step, the analytes are transferred from sample solution to the hollow fiber supported organic solvent. After that, with the aid of an electrical field, the analytes migrated into the aqueous extractant. The proposed approach was used to extract the three basic drugs (including lidocaine, diltiazem, and propranolol) from the plasma and urine samples. Under the optimized condition, (the supported organic solvent: 1-octanol, stirring rate: 300 rpm, pH of sample solution: 12.0, salt concentration: 2.0% (w/v), extraction time: 15 min, aqueous extractant: (30 µL, 100 mM HCl), back-extraction time: 2 min, back-extraction voltage: 100 V), the proposed procedure presented wide linearities with coefficients of determination more than 0.992 over a concentration range of 5.0-1000 ng mL-1. The limit of detection was also determined in the range of 0.5 to 5.0 ng mL-1, repeatability (intra-day) was between 3.3 and 11.1% (n = 4), and reproducibility (inter-day) was between 4.3 and 14.6% (n = 4 days). It was indicated that the proposed approach could effectively extract the analytes from the plasma and urine samples, and the relative recoveries were between 90.2 and 105.6%, indicating the validity of this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Maghsoudi
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Pollutants, Shahid Beheshti University, G. C., Evin, Tehran 1983963113, Iran
| | - Saeed Nojavan
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Pollutants, Shahid Beheshti University, G. C., Evin, Tehran 1983963113, Iran.
| | - Ensieh Hatami
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Pollutants, Shahid Beheshti University, G. C., Evin, Tehran 1983963113, Iran
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Ultrasound-assisted electromembrane extraction of clonazepam from plasma and determination using capillary electrophoresis. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2021; 1181:122928. [PMID: 34536833 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2021.122928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In this work, ultrasound-assisted electromembrane extraction (UA-EME) coupled with capillary electrophoresis (CE) and diode array detection (DAD) was developed for the determination of clonazepam from plasma samples. A comparative study was carried out between conventional EME and UA-EME methods to investigate the influence of the ultrasound waves on the extraction efficiency. The central composite design was used for the optimization of the variables affecting these methods to achieve the best extraction efficiency. Under optimal extraction conditions, the UA-EME provided better extraction recovery in a shorter time (58% in 13 min) than the EME method (42% in 30 min). Ultrasound reduces the extraction time and increased recovery by reducing the thickness of the barrier layer. In addition, this method provided a higher pre-concentration factor (203) and a lower limit of detection (3 ng mL-1) with good repeatability (RSDs were less than 10.11%).
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Melchor-Martínez EM, Jiménez-Rodríguez MG, Martínez-Ruiz M, Peña-Benavides SA, Iqbal HMN, Parra-Saldívar R, Sosa-Hernández JE. Antidepressants surveillance in wastewater: Overview extraction and detection. CASE STUDIES IN CHEMICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2021; 3:100074. [PMID: 38620655 PMCID: PMC7969484 DOI: 10.1016/j.cscee.2020.100074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has been one of the biggest challenges worldwide. The psychological disorders associated with the pandemic causing depression, insomnia, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and anxiety reduce emotional stability. Different antidepressant drugs with several mechanisms of action are used with a prescription. The excretion of the compounds and their metabolites reach municipal wastewaters and enter sewage treatment plants with a low rate of remotion of pharmaceutical compounds and the releasing on the environment. Several effects on aquatic species exposed to antidepressants have been reported as the impact in gene transcription, reproduction cycles, predator defense, and motility. The aim of this work is to resume the common antidepressants detected in wastewater around the world and show the increment of its use during SARS-CoV-2 crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elda M Melchor-Martínez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, CP 64849, Monterrey, NL, Mexico
| | - Mildred G Jiménez-Rodríguez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, CP 64849, Monterrey, NL, Mexico
| | - Manuel Martínez-Ruiz
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, CP 64849, Monterrey, NL, Mexico
| | - Samantha Ayde Peña-Benavides
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, CP 64849, Monterrey, NL, Mexico
| | - Hafiz M N Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, CP 64849, Monterrey, NL, Mexico
| | - Roberto Parra-Saldívar
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, CP 64849, Monterrey, NL, Mexico
| | - Juan Eduardo Sosa-Hernández
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, CP 64849, Monterrey, NL, Mexico
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Green bioanalytical sample preparation: fabric phase sorptive extraction. Bioanalysis 2021; 13:693-710. [PMID: 33890507 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2021-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Fabric phase sorptive extraction (FPSE) is a recently introduced sample preparation technique that has attracted substantial interest of the scientific community dealing with bioanalysis. This technique is based on a permeable and flexible substrate made of fabric, coated with a sol-gel organic-inorganic sorbent. Among the benefits of FPSE are its tunable selectivity, adjustable porosity, minimized sample preparation workflow, substantially reduced organic solvent consumption, rapid extraction kinetics and superior extraction efficiency, many of which are well-known criteria for Green Analytical Chemistry. As such, FPSE has established itself as a leading green sample preparation technology of 21st century. In this review, we discuss the principal steps for the development of an FPSE method, the main method optimization strategies, as well as the applications of FPSE in bioanalysis for the extraction of a wide range of analytes (e.g., estrogens, benzodiazepines, androgens and progestogens, penicillins, anti-inflammatory drugs, parabens etc.).
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Alahmad W, Kraiya C, Varanusupakul P, Tabani H, Varanusupakul P. Gel electromembrane microextraction followed by ion chromatography for direct determination of iodine in supplements and fortified food samples: Green chemistry for food analysis. Food Chem 2021; 358:129857. [PMID: 33940293 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a sensitive, selective, and environmentally friendly analytical method for direct extraction and preconcentration of iodine was developed. Iodine, as an iodate ion or iodide ion, was simultaneously extracted and preconcentrated by gel electromembrane microextraction (G-EME) and analyzed for total iodine by ion chromatography. The total iodine was determined by combining the peak areas of both iodate and iodide ions. Under the optimized conditions, linear calibration for iodine using a mixture of iodate and iodide ions was obtained from 10 to 100 µg L-1 (r2 > 0.996). The detection limit was 7.0 µg L-1. Recoveries of spiked iodine (as iodate) in the samples were greater than 90%. The method was applied for the determination of iodine in dietary supplements and fortified food samples, i.e., iodine-enriched eggs. Our developed method could be directly applied for the determination of iodine in different matrix samples including eggs without a pretreatment step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waleed Alahmad
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Charoenkwan Kraiya
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Electrochemistry and Optical Spectroscopy Center of Excellence, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Hadi Tabani
- Department of Environmental Geology, Research Institute of Applied Sciences (ACECR), Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pakorn Varanusupakul
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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31
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An overview on the recent applications of agarose as a green biopolymer in micro-extraction-based sample preparation techniques. Talanta 2021; 224:121892. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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32
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Simultaneous separation and quantification of acidic and basic dye specimens via a dual gel electro-membrane extraction from real environmental samples. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-021-02167-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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33
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Zeraatkar Moghaddam A, Goharjoo M, Ghiamati E, Khodaei K, Tabani H. Gel electro-membrane extraction of propranolol and atenolol from blood serum samples: Effect of graphene-based nanomaterials on extraction efficiency of gel membrane. Talanta 2021; 222:121557. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Maghsoudi M, Nojavan S, Alexovič M, Tabani H. Two-phase agarose gel-electromembrane extraction: Effect of organic solvent as an acceptor phase in electroendosmosis flow phenomenon. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 195:113862. [PMID: 33388641 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a new mode of gel electromembrane extraction (G-EME) namely as "Two-phase G-EME", is suggested for the sensitive quantification of five basic drugs (desipramine, clomipramine, trimipramine, citalopram and clozapine) in biological samples. Compared to classical G-EME which is based on aqueous-gel-aqueous layout, herein, the aqueous acceptor phase (AP) was replaced with organic solvent. Briefly, negative electrode was immersed into the organic AP (with low conductivity) and positive electrode into the aqueous donor phase (DP). Based on our results, this simple adjustment significantly reduced electroendosmosis (EEO) flow phenomenon which is considered as the main issue in G-EME. In the workflow, target analytes were extracted from the 7.0 mL sample, across the fabricated agarose gel membrane, to the 100 μL of the AP under the optimized extraction conditions (organic solvent type: acetonitrile; pH of gel membrane: 5.0, pH of sample solution: 4.0, voltage: 45 V and extraction time: 22 min). Then, the organic AP with analytes was analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) instrument with flame-ionization detector (FID). The methodology offered limits of detection (LODs) and recoveries in the range of 1.0-1.5 ng mL-1 and 48.5-89.0 %, respectively. Finally, we note that two-phase G-EME assembly was able to extract analytes-of-interest in the convenient and safe manner from the hazardous and difficult-to-process biological specimens such as human serum and urine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Maghsoudi
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Pollutants, Shahid Beheshti University, G. C., P.O. Box 19396-4716, Evin, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Nojavan
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Pollutants, Shahid Beheshti University, G. C., P.O. Box 19396-4716, Evin, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Michal Alexovič
- Department of Medical and Clinical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of P.J. Šafárik in Košice, SK-04011, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Hadi Tabani
- Department of Environmental Geology, Research Institute of Applied Sciences (ACECR), Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
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35
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Asadi S, Nojavan S, Behpour M, Mahdavi P. Electromembrane extraction based on agarose gel for the extraction of phenolic acids from fruit juices. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2020; 1159:122401. [PMID: 33126069 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2020.122401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Extraction of polar acidic compounds is a challenging task in electromembrane extraction. In this study, gel-electromembrane extraction was employed for the extraction of phenolic acids as the polar acidic compounds from fruit juices. For this aim, the extraction of phenolic acids from the juice samples (4 mL, pH = 6.0) was carried out across the agarose gel membrane (concentration of agarose; 3% (w/v), pH of gel; 10.0, and thickness of membrane: 3 mm) into the acceptor solution (100 μL, pH = 12.0). Also, this extraction process was conducted by applying the optimum potential (25 V) for 15 min to the extraction system. Under the optimized condition, acceptable linearity (R2 ≥ 0.993) over a concentration range of 10.0-2500 ng mL-1 was achieved. The limits of detection were between 3.0 and 15.2 ng mL-1, while the corresponding repeatabilities ranged from 5.3 to 11.4% (n = 4). The recoveries achieved for the extraction of target compounds were ranged from 26.8 to 74.4%. The proposed method was used for the extraction of phenolic acids from orange, apple and kiwi juices, and the obtained relative recoveries in the range of 78.0-104.2% and RSDs in the range of 6.3 to 11.3% indicated successful extraction of phenolic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakine Asadi
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Pollutants, Shahid Beheshti University, G. C., P.O. Box, 5 19396-4716, Evin, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Nojavan
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Pollutants, Shahid Beheshti University, G. C., P.O. Box, 5 19396-4716, Evin, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Majid Behpour
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Pollutants, Shahid Beheshti University, G. C., P.O. Box, 5 19396-4716, Evin, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parisa Mahdavi
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Pollutants, Shahid Beheshti University, G. C., P.O. Box, 5 19396-4716, Evin, Tehran, Iran
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36
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Pourahadi A, Nojavan S, Hosseiny Davarani SS. Gel-electromembrane extraction of peptides: Determination of five hypothalamic agents in human plasma samples. Talanta 2020; 217:121025. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Gel electromembrane extraction using rotating electrode: A new strategy for mass transfer enhancement of basic drugs from real human urine samples. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2020; 1152:122258. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2020.122258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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38
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Fashi A, Cheraghi M, Ebadipur H, Ebadipur H, Zamani A, Badiee H, Pedersen-Bjergaard S. Exploiting agarose gel modified with glucose-fructose syrup as a green sorbent in rotating-disk sorptive extraction technique for the determination of trace malondialdehyde in biological and food samples. Talanta 2020; 217:121001. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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39
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Mahdavi P, Nojavan S, Asadi S. An investigation on the effect of filtration and dilution of biological samples on electromembrane extraction efficiency: Determination of basic drugs in plasma and urine samples. SEPARATION SCIENCE PLUS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/sscp.202000058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Mahdavi
- Department of analytical chemistry and pollutants Shahid Beheshti University Tehran Tehran Iran
| | - Saeed Nojavan
- Department of analytical chemistry and pollutants Shahid Beheshti University Tehran Tehran Iran
| | - Sakine Asadi
- Department of analytical chemistry and pollutants Shahid Beheshti University Tehran Tehran Iran
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40
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Behpour M, Nojavan S, Asadi S, Shokri A. Combination of gel-electromembrane extraction with switchable hydrophilicity solvent-based homogeneous liquid-liquid microextraction followed by gas chromatography for the extraction and determination of antidepressants in human serum, breast milk and wastewater. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1621:461041. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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41
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Aly AA, Górecki T. Green Approaches to Sample Preparation Based on Extraction Techniques. Molecules 2020; 25:E1719. [PMID: 32283595 PMCID: PMC7180442 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25071719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Preparing a sample for analysis is a crucial step of many analytical procedures. The goal of sample preparation is to provide a representative, homogenous sample that is free of interferences and compatible with the intended analytical method. Green approaches to sample preparation require that the consumption of hazardous organic solvents and energy be minimized or even eliminated in the analytical process. While no sample preparation is clearly the most environmentally friendly approach, complete elimination of this step is not always practical. In such cases, the extraction techniques which use low amounts of solvents or no solvents are considered ideal alternatives. This paper presents an overview of green extraction procedures and sample preparation methodologies, briefly introduces their theoretical principles, and describes the recent developments in food, pharmaceutical, environmental and bioanalytical chemistry applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alshymaa A. Aly
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada;
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Menia Governorate 61519, Egypt
| | - Tadeusz Górecki
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada;
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42
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Khan WA, Arain MB, Yamini Y, Shah N, Kazi TG, Pedersen-Bjergaard S, Tajik M. Hollow fiber-based liquid phase microextraction followed by analytical instrumental techniques for quantitative analysis of heavy metal ions and pharmaceuticals. J Pharm Anal 2020; 10:109-122. [PMID: 32373384 PMCID: PMC7192972 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2019.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hollow-fiber liquid-phase microextraction (HF-LPME) and electromembrane extraction (EME) are miniaturized extraction techniques, and have been coupled with various analytical instruments for trace analysis of heavy metals, drugs and other organic compounds, in recent years. HF-LPME and EME provide high selectivity, efficient sample cleanup and enrichment, and reduce the consumption of organic solvents to a few micro-liters per sample. HF-LPME and EME are compatible with different analytical instruments for chromatography, electrophoresis, atomic spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and electrochemical detection. HF-LPME and EME have gained significant popularity during the recent years. This review focuses on hollow fiber based techniques (especially HF-LPME and EME) of heavy metals and pharmaceuticals (published 2017 to May 2019), and their combinations with atomic spectroscopy, UV-VIS spectrophotometry, high performance liquid chromatography, gas chromatography, capillary electrophoresis, and voltammetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wajid Ali Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, 23200, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Balal Arain
- Department of Chemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, 23200, KPK, Pakistan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Karachi, 75270, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Yadollah Yamini
- Department of Chemistry, Tarbiat Modares University, P. O. Box 14115-175, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasrullah Shah
- Department of Chemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, 23200, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Tasneem Gul Kazi
- National Center of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, 76080, Sindh, Pakistan
| | | | - Mohammad Tajik
- Department of Chemistry, Tarbiat Modares University, P. O. Box 14115-175, Tehran, Iran
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43
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Gel electromembrane extraction: Study of various gel types and compositions toward diminishing the electroendosmosis flow. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2019.104520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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44
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Rahimi A, Nojavan S, Tabani H. Inside gel electromembrane extraction: A novel green methodology for the extraction of morphine and codeine from human biological fluids. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 184:113175. [PMID: 32097772 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In this work, a new mode of gel-electromembrane extraction (G-EME), called "inside" gel-EME (IG-EME) is proposed for the extraction of morphine and codeine as model basic drugs from complex biological samples. Here, an aqueous media that was captured inside the agarose gel membrane, acted as both gel membrane and the acceptor phase (AP) at the same time. In this regard, the membrane served as the separation filter (membrane) and supported liquid acceptor phase (SLAP) as well. With this new development, unwanted changes of the AP volume during the extraction, which is a common issue in the G-EME (due to electroendosmosis (EEO) phenomenon), was addressed properly. Briefly, the setup involved insertion of negative electrode inside the gel membrane and positive electrode into the donor phase (DP). Following that, the IG-EME was easily performed using optimal conditions (pH of the DP: 6.0; membrane composition (agarose concentration: 1% (w/v) in aqueous media with pH 3.0, and 15 mm thickness); voltage: 25 V; and extraction time: 30 min). After extraction, the agarose gel was withdrawn and centrifuged for 5 min with 12000 rpm, to disrupt its framework to release the "trapped aqueous AP" apart from the gel structure. The separated AP was finally injected into the HPLC-UV for the analysis. The limits of detection (LODs) and recoveries in this proposed method were obtained 1.5 ng mL-1 and 67.7 %-73.8 %, respectively. The system feasibility was examined by the quantification of model drugs in the real plasma and urine samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atyeh Rahimi
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Pollutants, Shahid Beheshti University, G. C., Evin, Tehran 1983963113, Iran
| | - Saeed Nojavan
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Pollutants, Shahid Beheshti University, G. C., Evin, Tehran 1983963113, Iran.
| | - Hadi Tabani
- Department of Environmental Geology, Research Institute of Applied Sciences (ACECR), Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
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Mahdavi P, Nojavan S, Asadi S. Sugaring-out assisted electromembrane extraction of basic drugs from biological fluids: Improving the efficiency and stability of extraction system. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1608:460411. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.460411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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46
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Xia L, Yang J, Su R, Zhou W, Zhang Y, Zhong Y, Huang S, Chen Y, Li G. Recent Progress in Fast Sample Preparation Techniques. Anal Chem 2019; 92:34-48. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b04735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Xia
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Jiani Yang
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Rihui Su
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Wanjun Zhou
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yanshu Zhang
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yanhui Zhong
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Simin Huang
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yanlong Chen
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Gongke Li
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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47
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Tabani H, Shokri A, Tizro S, Nojavan S, Varanusupakul P, Alexovič M. Evaluation of dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction by coupling with green-based agarose gel-electromembrane extraction: An efficient method to the tandem extraction of basic drugs from biological fluids. Talanta 2019; 199:329-335. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.02.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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48
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Román-Hidalgo C, López-Pérez G, Martín-Valero MJ, Bello-López MÁ. Chitosan tailor-made membranes as biopolymeric support for electromembrane extraction. Talanta 2019; 199:290-295. [PMID: 30952260 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.02.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
A chitosan membrane composed by 60% (w/w) chitosan and 40% (w/w) Aliquat®336 has been proposed as a new biopolymeric support for electromembrane extraction. The new support has been characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy, resulting a 30-35 µm thickness. Amoxicillin, nicotinic acid, hippuric acid, salicylic acid, anthranilic acid, ketoprofen, naproxen and ibuprofen have been successfully extracted using the proposed support. Better enrichment factors were obtained for the acidic polar analytes than for the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory compounds (ranging from 118 for hippuric acid and 20 for ibuprofen). Electromembrane extraction was developed applying a DC voltage of 100 V, 1-octanol as supported liquid membrane and 20 min of extraction. The target analytes have also been satisfactorily extracted from human urine samples, providing high extraction efficiencies. The chitosan membrane is presented as a promising alternative for supporting liquid membrane compared to commonly used materials for this purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Román-Hidalgo
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad de Sevilla, c/Prof. García González, s/n, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Germán López-Pérez
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad de Sevilla, c/Prof. García González, s/n, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - María Jesús Martín-Valero
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad de Sevilla, c/Prof. García González, s/n, 41012 Seville, Spain.
| | - Miguel Ángel Bello-López
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad de Sevilla, c/Prof. García González, s/n, 41012 Seville, Spain.
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49
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Carasek E, Merib J, Mafra G, Spudeit D. A recent overview of the application of liquid-phase microextraction to the determination of organic micro-pollutants. Trends Analyt Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Novel mixed hemimicelles based on nonionic surfactant–imidazolium ionic liquid and magnetic halloysite nanotubes as efficient approach for analytical determination. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 410:7357-7371. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-1348-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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