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Jian L, Han J, Wen H, Shen Y, Zhang K, Yu L, Zheng R, Peng X, Zhao L, Sun C. Rapid determination of 111 anti-infective drugs possibly added in cosmetics using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry with scheduled multiple reaction monitoring. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2024; 38:e9778. [PMID: 38782744 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
RATIONALE Illegal addition of anti-infective drugs to cosmetics at low concentrations has been found. The illicit addition of anti-infective drugs encompasses a wide variety of medications. The current sample purification methods are inadequate to detect all these compounds. A sensitive, wide-coverage, and weak-matrix-effect measurement method needs to be established to address this issue. METHODS Samples were extracted using acetonitrile, diluted 25 times, and then analyzed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to detect 111 anti-infective drugs. The method was validated and assessed for matrix effect before being applied to cosmetic products. RESULTS The calibration curves for the analytes exhibited a strong correlation coefficient (r > 0.995). The limit of detection ranged from 0.006 to 0.6 mg/kg. Matrix effects were significantly improved after a 25-fold dilution. The method was successfully applied to various cosmetics. Two of 82 samples tested contained lincomycin and miconazole, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The developed method is quick and reliable to analyze anti-infective drugs in cosmetics, with potential for both qualitative and quantitative analyses. It is a valuable tool for cosmetic research and development, contributing to safer and more effective cosmetic products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longhai Jian
- Cosmetics Department, Shanghai Institute for Food and Drug Control, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Han
- Cosmetics Department, Shanghai Institute for Food and Drug Control, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongliang Wen
- Cosmetics Department, Shanghai Institute for Food and Drug Control, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiting Shen
- Cosmetics Department, Shanghai Institute for Food and Drug Control, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Cosmetics Department, Shanghai Institute for Food and Drug Control, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Yu
- Cosmetics Department, Shanghai Institute for Food and Drug Control, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Zheng
- Cosmetics Department, Shanghai Institute for Food and Drug Control, Shanghai, China
| | - Xingsheng Peng
- Cosmetics Department, Shanghai Institute for Food and Drug Control, Shanghai, China
| | - Liuqing Zhao
- SCIEX Analytical Instrument Trading Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Chunye Sun
- Agilent Technologies (China) Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
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2
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Ma Y, Wei X, Xu J, Ji S, Yang F, Zeng A, Li Y, Cao J, Zhang J, Luo Z, Fu Q. Development of double-layer poly (amino acid) modified electrochemical sensor for sensitive and direct detection of betamethasone in cosmetics. Talanta 2024; 273:125855. [PMID: 38461643 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.125855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Screening for illegal use of glucocorticoids (GCs) in cosmetics by electrochemical methods is extremely challenging due to the poor electrochemical activity of GCs. In this study, poly-L-Serine/poly-Taurine modified electrode (P(Tau)/P(L-Ser)/GCE) was prepared for sensitive and direct determination of betamethasone in cosmetics by a simple two-step in situ electropolymerization reaction. The relevant parameters of preparation and electroanalytical conditions were respectively studied, including the concentration of polymerization solution, the number of scanning circles and the scanning rate. The SEM and EDS mapping demonstrated successful preparation of P(Tau)/P(L-Ser)/GCE. The electro-catalytic properties of the obtained electrodes were investigated using cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry methods, showing a remarkable improvement of sensitivity for the detection of betamethasone due to the synergic effect of both P(L-Ser) and P(Tau). In addition, we investigated the electrochemical reduction of betamethasone on the surface of modified electrode. It was found that the process was controlled by diffusion effect and involved the transfer of two electrons and two protons. Then the electrochemical sensor method based on P(Tau)/P(L-Ser)/GCE was established and delivered a linear response to betamethasone concentration from 0.5 to 20 μg mL-1 with a limit of detection of 32.2 ng mL-1, with excellent recoveries (98.1%-106.8%) and relative standard deviations (<4.8%). Furthermore, the established electrochemical sensor method was compared with conventional HPLC method. The results showed that both of them were comparable. Moreover, the established electrochemical sensor method was with the merits of short analysis time, environmentally friendly, low cost and easy to achieve in-site detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yirong Ma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Xinran Wei
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Jiameng Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Shuhua Ji
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Aiguo Zeng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Yunzhe Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Jiliang Cao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, 518118, China
| | - Jia Zhang
- Shaanxi Hanjiang Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd, Hanzhong, 723000, China
| | - Zhimin Luo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China.
| | - Qiang Fu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China; Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, 518118, China.
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3
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Abilov Z, Ioutsi V, Ovcharov M, Mokrysheva N. Unseen steroids, seen risks: Skin-Cap still contains high-potency glucocorticosteroids 26 years after global scandal. J Am Acad Dermatol 2023:S0190-9622(23)03233-4. [PMID: 38008407 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2023.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zaur Abilov
- Endocrinology Research Centre, Moscow, Russia.
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4
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Shang Y, Meng X, Liu J, Song N, Zheng H, Han C, Ma Q. Applications of mass spectrometry in cosmetic analysis: An overview. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1705:464175. [PMID: 37406420 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry (MS) is a crucial tool in cosmetic analysis. It is widely used for ingredient screening, quality control, risk monitoring, authenticity verification, and efficacy evaluation. However, due to the diversity of cosmetic products and the rapid development of MS-based analytical methods, the relevant literature needs a more systematic collation of information on this subject to unravel the true potential of MS in cosmetic analysis. Herein, an overview of the role of MS in cosmetic analysis over the past two decades is presented. The currently used sample preparation methods, ionization techniques, and types of mass analyzers are demonstrated in detail. In addition, a brief perspective on the future development of MS for cosmetic analysis is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Shang
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Xianshuang Meng
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Juan Liu
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Naining Song
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Hongyan Zheng
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Chao Han
- College of Biology and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Qiang Ma
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China.
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5
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Advances on Hormones in Cosmetics: Illegal Addition Status, Sample Preparation, and Detection Technology. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041980. [PMID: 36838967 PMCID: PMC9959700 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Owing to the rapid development of the cosmetic industry, cosmetic safety has become the focus of consumers' attention. However, in order to achieve the desired effects in the short term, the illegal addition of hormones in cosmetics has emerged frequently, which could induce skin problems and even skin cancer after long-term use. Therefore, it is of great significance to master the illegal addition in cosmetics and effectively detect the hormones that may exist in cosmetics. In this review, we analyze the illegally added hormone types, detection values, and cosmetic types, as well as discuss the hormone risks in cosmetics for human beings, according to the data in unqualified cosmetics in China from 2017 to 2022. Results showed that although the frequency of adding hormones in cosmetics has declined, hormones are still the main prohibited substances in illegal cosmetics, especially facial masks. Because of the complex composition and the low concentration of hormones in cosmetics, it is necessary to combine efficient sample preparation technology with instrumental analysis. In order to give the readers a comprehensive overview of hormone analytical technologies in cosmetics, we summarize the advanced sample preparation techniques and commonly used detection techniques of hormones in cosmetics in the last decade (2012-2022). We found that ultrasound-assisted extraction, solid phase extraction, and microextraction coupled with chromatographic analysis are still the most widely used analytical technologies for hormones in cosmetics. Through the investigation of market status, the summary of sample pretreatment and detection technologies, as well as the discussion of their development trends in the future, our purpose is to provide a reference for the supervision of illegal hormone residues in cosmetics.
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Online coupling of matrix solid-phase dispersion to direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry for high-throughput analysis of regulated chemicals in consumer products. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1239:340677. [PMID: 36628757 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.340677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The current work is the first study on online coupling of matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD) to direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry (DART-MS) bridging with solid-phase analytical derivatization (SPAD) based on a graphene oxide nanosheets (GONs)-coated cotton swab. Proof-of-concept demonstrations were explored for high-throughput analysis of a diversity of regulated chemicals in consumer products such as textiles, toys, and cosmetics. On-demand sorbent combinations were blended with samples, packed into MSPD columns, and mounted on a homemade 3D-printed rack module for automated sample feeding. To achieve good synergy between MSPD and DART-MS, a cotton swab with a conical tip deposited with GONs was attached to the bottom of the MSPD column. The swabs serve as a solid-phase microextraction probe for convenient enrichment of the eluted analytes from MSPD, thermal desorption of the enriched analytes by DART, and sensitive detection by a hybrid quadrupole-Orbitrap mass spectrometer. Furthermore, the utility of an on-swab SPAD strategy was demonstrated for the detection of formaldehyde by use of the derivatizing reagent of dansyl hydrazine, contributing to improved ionization efficiency without compromising the overall coherence of the analytical workflow. The MSPD-DART-MS methodology was systematically optimized and validated, obtaining acceptable recovery (71.7-110.3%), repeatability (11.8-19.3%), and sensitivity (limits of detection and quantitation in the ranges of 6.2-19.5 and 23.7-75.9 μg/kg) for 32 target analytes. The developed protocol streamlined sample extraction, clean-up, desorption, ionization, and detection, highlighting the appealing potential for high-throughput analysis of samples with complex matrices.
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7
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Dong Y, Qiao Y, Yuan Y, Wang H, Sun L, Ren C. Rapid and visual detection of benzoyl peroxide in cosmetics by a colorimetric method. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-022-02617-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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8
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Mass Spectrometric Methods for Non-Targeted Screening of Metabolites: A Future Perspective for the Identification of Unknown Compounds in Plant Extracts. SEPARATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/separations9120415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Phyto products are widely used in natural products, such as medicines, cosmetics or as so-called “superfoods”. However, the exact metabolite composition of these products is still unknown, due to the time-consuming process of metabolite identification. Non-target screening by LC-HRMS/MS could be a technique to overcome these problems with its capacity to identify compounds based on their retention time, accurate mass and fragmentation pattern. In particular, the use of computational tools, such as deconvolution algorithms, retention time prediction, in silico fragmentation and sophisticated search algorithms, for comparison of spectra similarity with mass spectral databases facilitate researchers to conduct a more exhaustive profiling of metabolic contents. This review aims to provide an overview of various techniques and tools for non-target screening of phyto samples using LC-HRMS/MS.
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9
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Simultaneous Determination of 37 Anti-infective Drugs Potentially Illegally Added to Cosmetics that Claimed to have Anti-acne Effects by UHPLC-Q-TOF HRMS. Chromatographia 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-022-04206-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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10
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Chen M, Li M, Zhang W, Bai H, Ma Q. Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent-Based Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction Coupled with Direct Analysis in Real Time Mass Spectrometry: A Green Temperature-Mediated Analytical Strategy. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:10919-10928. [PMID: 36000560 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c03561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Green analytical chemistry (GAC) represents a rapidly growing research field that aims at developing novel analytical approaches with minimal consumption of hazardous reagents and solvents. The current study reports on a GAC methodology exploiting the unique physicochemical properties of natural deep eutectic solvents (NADESs), a supposedly environmentally friendly class of solvents. Based on a temperature-mediated strategy, the NADESs were manipulated to undergo multiple phase transitions for favorable functionality and performance. As proof-of-concept demonstrations, both hydrophobic and hydrophilic NADESs were prepared for the extraction and analysis of eight phthalate esters in aqueous samples (food simulants) and three aflatoxins in oily samples (edible oils), respectively. NADES-based dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) was employed to achieve high-efficiency sample pretreatment. Afterward, the NADESs were transformed from liquids into solids by tuning the peripheral temperature for a convenient phase separation from the sample matrices. The solidified NADES extracts were melted and vaporized at elevated temperatures by transmission-mode direct analysis in real time (DART) for further quadrupole-Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry (Q-Orbitrap HRMS) analysis. The developed protocol was validated, achieving good repeatability with relative standard deviations (RSDs) of less than 9% and satisfactory sensitivity with limits of detection (LODs) and quantitation (LOQs) ranging from 0.1 to 0.8 and 0.2 to 2.0 μg/kg, respectively. The greenness of the analytical methodology was assessed with the calculated scores of 0.66 and 0.57 for the hydrophobic and hydrophilic NADES-based protocols, respectively. The method was applied to marketed samples, highlighting the great potential for green chemical analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Consumer Product Quality Safety Inspection and Risk Assessment for State Market Regulation, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Ming Li
- School of Electrical and Control Engineering, North China University of Technology, Beijing 100144, China
| | - Wenxi Zhang
- Shaanxi Product Quality Supervision and Inspection Institute, Xi'an 710048, China
| | - Hua Bai
- Key Laboratory of Consumer Product Quality Safety Inspection and Risk Assessment for State Market Regulation, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Qiang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Consumer Product Quality Safety Inspection and Risk Assessment for State Market Regulation, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China
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11
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HE J, WEN J, LIU Y, HU J, CAO Y, LAI Y. [Rapid screening and identification of 167 illegally added medicines in herbal tea by ultra high performance liquid chromatography-electrostatic field orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry]. Se Pu 2022; 40:253-265. [PMID: 35243835 PMCID: PMC9403998 DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1123.2021.07006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
An accurate mass database and a method based on ultra high performance liquid chromatography-electrostatic field orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Orbitrap HRMS) were developed. These were applied in the screening and identification of illegally added medicines in herbal tea. Based on investigations, 167 medicines were selected to build an accurate MS database; these medicines included antipyretic analgesics, glucocorticoids, antibiotics, and antihistamines, among other categories. The database was established using Orbitrap HRMS and TraceFinder software. The database carried information on all selected compounds, including the molecular formula, accurate mass of precursor ions and fragment ions, retention time, and mass spectra. The samples were ultrasonically extracted with a 50% (v/v) methanol aqueous solution. The extracted solutions were separated using a Waters XBrigde BEH C18 column (100 mm×2.1 mm, 2.5 μm). As the mobile phases, 0.1% (v/v) formic acid aqueous solution and acetonitrile containing 0.1% (v/v) formic acid were used, with gradient elution. The sample solutions were analyzed by Orbitrap HRMS in the full-scan MS and data-dependent MS/MS acquisition modes (Full MS/dd-MS2). Positive and negative polarity data were simultaneously acquired. Some parameters were optimized to increase the peak intensity and sensitivity of all compounds. The resolutions in the full-MS scan and dd-MS2 scan were set to 70000 and 17500, respectively. In the full-MS mode, scanning was performed in the range of m/z 100 to 1000. In the MS/MS mode, the normalized collision energy (NEC) was set to 20%, 40%, and 60% for each compound. The inclusion list was not used during the measurement, and the dynamic exclusion time was set to 10.0 s. The loop count was set to 5. After acquiring the sample data with these conditions using Orbitrap MS, they were imported into TraceFinder software, through which the sample information was extracted and automatically matched with the information on compounds in the MS database. Screening and identification were conducted by comparing the retention times as well as the exact masses of precursor ions and fragment ions that were experimentally measured. If the errors between the experimentally and theoretically obtained masses of the precursor ions were below 5×10-6 and the deviations in retention times were less than 20 s, then suspicious positive compounds might be identified. Furthermore, if such compounds possess more than one similar fragment ion with a mass tolerance below 5×10-6, and exhibit similar ion distributions in the MS/MS profiles (compared to those in the database), they could be confirmed to be the same. The validation result showed that all compounds had good linear relationships, with correlation coefficients (r) greater than 0.99. Because pefloxacin, norfloxacin, desloratadine, astemizole and clindamycin had background interference, the method was not suitable for their quantification. Following experiments using three spiked concentrations, the recoveries of the rest 162 compounds were found to be in the range of 66.4%-118.1%, and the relative standard deviations (RSDs, n=6), in the range of 0.1%-16.1%. When the limit of detection (LOD) was 0.2 mg/kg, 83 compounds were detected, while when the LOD was 1.0 mg/kg, 167 compounds were detected. All compounds were matched successfully to the standard added sample with the MS database in TraceFinder software. To lower the likelihood of false positive and false negative results, a quality control method was recommended. The method was applied to analyze 245 herbal tea samples, among which 12 positive samples were detected. Thirteen positive compounds were found, including acetaminophen, diclofenac sodium, chlorpheniramine, brompheniramine, dexamethasone, dexamethasone 21-acetate, prednisone, prednisone 21-acetate, metronidazole, erythromycin, ciprofloxacin, amantadine, and dextromethorphan. In particular, amantadine, dextromethorphan, brompheniramine, and ciprofloxacin were newly detected, compared to standard methods. The developed method is rapid and accurate, and will be useful in the high-throughput screening of illegally added medicines in herbal tea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen HE
- 广东省药品检验所, 广东 广州 510663
- Guangdong Institute for Drug Control, Guangzhou 510663, China
| | - Jiaxin WEN
- 广东省药品检验所, 广东 广州 510663
- Guangdong Institute for Drug Control, Guangzhou 510663, China
| | - Yaxiong LIU
- 广东省药品检验所, 广东 广州 510663
- Guangdong Institute for Drug Control, Guangzhou 510663, China
| | - Jiazhe HU
- 广东省药品检验所, 广东 广州 510663
- Guangdong Institute for Drug Control, Guangzhou 510663, China
| | - Yajing CAO
- 广东省药品检验所, 广东 广州 510663
- Guangdong Institute for Drug Control, Guangzhou 510663, China
| | - Yuhong LAI
- 广东省药品检验所, 广东 广州 510663
- Guangdong Institute for Drug Control, Guangzhou 510663, China
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12
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Yang W, Tang Y, Jiang L, Luo P, Wu Y, Cao Y, Wu X, Xiong J. Coupling suspect and non-target analytical methods for screening organic contaminants of concern in agricultural & urban impacted waters: Optimization and application. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 809:151117. [PMID: 34688742 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Long-term exposure of contaminants to emerging concern (CECs) may pose risks to human health and ecosystems, even at low concentrations. Rivers impacted by both agricultural and urban activities experience distinctive environmental pressures due to receiving wastewaters that contain complex organics and their transformation products (TPs). In this study, we developed a regional database composed of 1200 CECs of high concern in Guangxi (South China). Further, we optimized a comprehensive analytical method for simultaneously screening for CECs and their TPs. The optimized screening method was applied to surface waters sampled from 10 different cross sections of a river that is impacted by both agricultural and urban activities. The best results of method optimization were achieved when the screening detection limit (SDL) ranged from 0.05 to 2 ng L-1, and over 90% of the analytes had acceptable recovery rates ranging between 64.7% and 95.6% (RSD < 11%). Of the 1200 CECs contained in the regional database, 168 were detected in at least one sampling site of the studied river via suspect screening, and among them, 36 contaminants were found at all sampling sites. Also, 58 additional contaminants and 39 TPs were tentatively identified via non-target screening, among which 4 TPs were reported for the first time in the aquatic environment. Triazine herbicides and their TPs were identified at most of the sampling sites, with ametryn and atrazine posing relatively high risks in the river ecosystems. Furthermore, 31 known analytes were selected as standards in order to confirm the combined screening method; one false positive occurred in the non-target screening method. According to these results, the suspect screening strategy provides valuable confirmation for the identification of a wide range of CECs in water, while non-target screening can provide a reference for researchers and supplement the regional database, particularly in the study of TPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Yang
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Processing for Non-ferrous Metals and Featured Materials & MOE Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Non-ferrous Metals and Materials, School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Yankui Tang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Processing for Non-ferrous Metals and Featured Materials & MOE Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Non-ferrous Metals and Materials, School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
| | - Lu Jiang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Processing for Non-ferrous Metals and Featured Materials & MOE Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Non-ferrous Metals and Materials, School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Penghong Luo
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Processing for Non-ferrous Metals and Featured Materials & MOE Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Non-ferrous Metals and Materials, School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Yu Wu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Processing for Non-ferrous Metals and Featured Materials & MOE Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Non-ferrous Metals and Materials, School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Yuanyi Cao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Processing for Non-ferrous Metals and Featured Materials & MOE Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Non-ferrous Metals and Materials, School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Xinying Wu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Processing for Non-ferrous Metals and Featured Materials & MOE Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Non-ferrous Metals and Materials, School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Jianghua Xiong
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Processing for Non-ferrous Metals and Featured Materials & MOE Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Non-ferrous Metals and Materials, School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
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13
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Chan CY, Ng SW, Ching CK, Mak TWL. Detection of 28 Corticosteroids in Pharmaceutical and Proprietary Chinese Medicinal Products Using Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. J Chromatogr Sci 2021; 59:548-554. [PMID: 33479748 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmaa140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
With their potent anti-inflammatory effects, corticosteroids are popular adulterants in illicit health products for allergies, dermatitis and pain control. Their illegal supply over the counter is also a common practice for similar conditions. Prolonged, unsupervised usage of corticosteroids often leads to severe adverse effects including Cushing syndrome, adrenal insufficiency and immunosuppression. Confirming clinical suspicion of unsupervised corticosteroid usage is challenging. Apart from evaluating the adrenal function, identifying the concerned drug is the most direct proof of its consumption. While detecting corticosteroids or their metabolites in biological specimens is convincing evidence of their usage, such approach is analytically difficult. More importantly, this approach would not be useful if the patient has stopped taking the drug for some time-a situation that is often encountered clinically. We advocate a more direct approach by measuring corticosteroids in suspicious medicinal products. In the current study, a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for simultaneous detection of 28 corticosteroids in pharmaceutical and proprietary Chinese medicine products was developed and validated for the purpose. The method was applied to 388 cases of suspected unsupervised corticosteroids usage. Among 1,000 products tested, corticosteroids were found in 276 of them and confirmed the clinical suspicion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candace Yim Chan
- Hospital Authority Toxicology Reference Laboratory, Room 1414, Block G, 2-10 Princess Margaret Hospital Road, Lai Chi Kok, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Sau Wah Ng
- Hospital Authority Toxicology Reference Laboratory, Room 1414, Block G, 2-10 Princess Margaret Hospital Road, Lai Chi Kok, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Chor Kwan Ching
- Hospital Authority Toxicology Reference Laboratory, Room 1414, Block G, 2-10 Princess Margaret Hospital Road, Lai Chi Kok, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Tony Wing Lai Mak
- Hospital Authority Toxicology Reference Laboratory, Room 1414, Block G, 2-10 Princess Margaret Hospital Road, Lai Chi Kok, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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14
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Wu W, Liu S, Guo T, Han X, Xia B, Wan Y, Han Q, Zhou Y. Rapid screening of 70 colorants in dyeable foods by using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-hybrid quadrupole-Orbitrap mass spectrometry with customized accurate-mass database and mass spectral library. Food Chem 2021; 356:129643. [PMID: 33812190 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A rapid screening method of 70 colorants for regulatory control in dyeable foods was established using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-hybrid quadrupole-Orbitrap mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q/Orbitrap MS) with customized accurate-mass database and mass spectral library. A rapid, high-throughput, and simple sample pretreatment condition with low reagent consumption and high recovery was developed on the basis of ultrasound-assisted extraction and dispersion solid-phase extraction. Rapid screening was conducted by comparing the experimentally measured exact mass of the parent and fragment ions, the isotope pattern, and the retention time with the accurate-mass database and by matching the acquired MS/MS spectra against the mass spectral library. The performance of the method was evaluated in terms of linearity, limits of detection, limits of quantitation, recovery, repeatability, reproducibility, and matrix effect. The proposed method was applied for simultaneous analysis of 70 colorants in seven kinds of dyeable foods, and it exhibited great potential for broad, sensitive, and reliable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlin Wu
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 93 South Keyuan Road, Gaoxin Distinct, Chengdu 610041, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Chengdu Institute for Food and Drug Control, Chengdu 610045, China
| | - Shiyao Liu
- Chengdu Institute for Food and Drug Control, Chengdu 610045, China
| | - Tianrong Guo
- Chengdu Institute for Food and Drug Control, Chengdu 610045, China
| | - Xiying Han
- Chengdu Institute for Food and Drug Control, Chengdu 610045, China
| | - Bing Xia
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 93 South Keyuan Road, Gaoxin Distinct, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yuping Wan
- Chengdu Institute for Food and Drug Control, Chengdu 610045, China
| | - Quanbin Han
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 93 South Keyuan Road, Gaoxin Distinct, Chengdu 610041, China.
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15
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Zhang M, Liu Y, Chen J, Liu H, Lu X, Wu J, Zhang Y, Lin Y, Liu Q, Wang H, Guo L, Gao R, Xu B, Xie J. Sensitive Untargeted Screening of Nerve Agents and Their Degradation Products Using Liquid Chromatography-High Resolution Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2020; 92:10578-10587. [PMID: 32496758 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c01508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Nerve agents (NAs) are notorious chemical warfare agents that pose a serious threat to national security and public health. The total number of theoretical chemicals of NAs and their degradation products (DPs) exceeds 410 000, according to 1.A.01-1.A.03 in the Schedules of Chemicals of the Chemical Weapons Convention, which poses great challenges for identification and verification. A three-step integrated untargeted screening strategy was developed based on high-resolution mass spectrometry. First, an extensible homemade library for targeted screening of common classical agents was established. Second, a set of in-source collision-induced dissociation mass spectrometry (MS)-alerting ions was extracted and concluded based on fragmentation behavior studies, which included 40 specific alerting ions and 10 types of characteristic structural fragments from total NAs and their DPs. A novel "alerting ion" searching method was developed to rapidly and sensitively screen whether or not nerve agent-related compounds were present and of which type they were. Third, we built a theoretical exact mass database including 202 accurate masses or molecular formulas, which could cover all structural possibilities of the NAs and their DPs. Comprehensively, the elemental composition of pseudomolecular ions, fragment ions, MS/MS spectra, and isotope pattern information were obtained from the full scan MS/data dependent-MS2 experiments and elucidated for identification of the candidates selected in the screening step. This strategy was successfully applied to the identification of unknown chemicals in real samples with good stability and a low limit of detection of 1-10 ng/mL. These procedures are applicable for trace forensic investigations in cases of the alleged use of nerve agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meijuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, and Laboratory of Toxicant Analysis, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Yulong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, and Laboratory of Toxicant Analysis, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Jia Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, and Laboratory of Toxicant Analysis, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Haibo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilians, Beijing 102205, China
| | - Xiaogang Lu
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilians, Beijing 102205, China
| | - Jianfeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, and Laboratory of Toxicant Analysis, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Yajiao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, and Laboratory of Toxicant Analysis, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Ying Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, and Laboratory of Toxicant Analysis, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Qin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, and Laboratory of Toxicant Analysis, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Hongmei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilians, Beijing 102205, China
| | - Lei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, and Laboratory of Toxicant Analysis, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Runli Gao
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilians, Beijing 102205, China
| | - Bin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, and Laboratory of Toxicant Analysis, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Jianwei Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, and Laboratory of Toxicant Analysis, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China
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16
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Liu Y, Wang Z, Zhang Q, Bai H, Cai Y, Yan Z, Lv Q. Optimization of multi-residue method for targeted screening and quantification of 216 harmful chemicals in plastic children's toys by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1603:311-326. [PMID: 31272731 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.06.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report a multi-residue method based on dissolution-precipitation extraction combined with gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) analysis for targeted screening and quantification of 216 harmful chemicals in plastic children's toys. We established a spectrogram database containing the first-order mass spectra of all analytes and their second-order mass spectra at different collision energies. Good separation was attained in less than 60 min. As a simple and low-cost extraction method, dissolution-precipitation exhibited good recoveries for the analytes in the plastic samples. The matrix-matched standard curves were accurate for analyte quantification in specific plastics due to the solvent effects and matrix effects. The limits of quantification range were 0.1 mg/kg to 10 mg/kg. A wide linear range of 0.1-200 mg/kg was also observed, with r2≥0.9924. The average recoveries ranged from 63.9% to 137.6%, and the relative standard deviation (n = 6) varied from 0.6% to 13.2%. Finally, 31 ABS actual toys and 30 PVC actual toys were detected and 20 analytes with contents ranging from 0.4 mg/kg to 172 mg/kg and 30 analytes from 0.8 mg/kg to 141,030 mg/kg were discovered respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahui Liu
- Institute of Industrial and Consumer Product Safety, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China; College of Chemistry & Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Zhijuan Wang
- Institute of Industrial and Consumer Product Safety, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Institute of Industrial and Consumer Product Safety, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Hua Bai
- Institute of Industrial and Consumer Product Safety, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China.
| | - Yaqi Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Zheng Yan
- College of Chemistry & Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Qing Lv
- Institute of Industrial and Consumer Product Safety, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
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17
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Development of a screening and confirmatory method for the analysis of polar endogenous compounds in saliva based on a liquid chromatographic-tandem mass spectrometric system. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1590:88-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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18
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Chen M, Bai H, Zhai J, Meng X, Guo X, Wang C, Wang P, Lei H, Niu Z, Ma Q. Comprehensive screening of 63 coloring agents in cosmetics using matrix solid-phase dispersion and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1590:27-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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19
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Ki NY, Hur J, Kim BH, Kim KH, Moon BJ, Oh HB, Hong J. Rapid screening of sulfonamides in dietary supplements based on extracted common ion chromatogram and neutral loss scan by LC-Q/TOF-mass spectrometry. J Food Drug Anal 2019; 27:164-174. [PMID: 30648569 PMCID: PMC9298626 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2018.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an increasing amount of dietary supplements that are adulterated with diuretics and anti-diabetic drugs; this has become a global problem due to the wide distribution of dietary supplements and the serious negative health effects of the adulterants. In this study, a rapid screening method was developed for detection and confirmation of 35 sulfonamides in supplements by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography quadrupole/ time of flight mass spectrometry. For effective extraction of sulfonamides from dietary supplements, four extraction protocols including HLB and WAX solid-phase extraction, Quick Easy Cheap Effective Rugged and Safe method, and pH-controlled liquid–liquid extraction were evaluated, and pH-controlled liquid–liquid extraction method was shown to be the most effective with high recovery efficiency and low matrix effect. Rapid separation of 35 sulfonamides was achieved with the UHPLC C18 column (150 × 2.1 mm, 1.7 um) within 7 min using ammonium acetate aqueous solution (pH 8) and acetonitrile as the mobile phase. From the MS/MS spectra of sulfonamides, common ions (m/z 77.9650 [SO2N]− and m/z 79.9812 [SO2NH2]−) and neutral molecule loss fragments (HCl and SO2) were observed according to their structural characteristics. Extracted common ion chromatograms and neutral loss scan of these characteristic fragments could effectively apply for rapid screening of sulfonamides in various types of supplements. A reduced mass tolerance window of ±5 ppm was useful for detecting targeted and untargeted sulfonamides and could avoid false positive and false negative results. Overall calibration curves within dynamic range for all targets were shown to be linear with a correlation coefficient R2 > 0.995 and limits of detection ranged from 0.04 to 11.18 ng/g for all sulfonamides. The established method was successfully applied for screening and confirmation of sulfonamides in various supplements. The developed method will be helpful for the identification of sulfonamide diuretics and anti-diabetics in dietary supplements, promoting public health and consumer safety.
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