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Serrano Heredia SM, Sánchez-Martín J, Romero Gil V, Arroyo-López FN, Benítez-Cabello A, Carrasco Jiménez E, Valero Díaz A. Tracking Microbial Diversity and Hygienic-Sanitary Status during Processing of Farmed Rainbow Trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss). Foods 2023; 12:3718. [PMID: 37893611 PMCID: PMC10606590 DOI: 10.3390/foods12203718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Aquaculture is becoming a strategic sector for many national economies to supply the increasing demand for fish from consumers. Fish culture conditions and processing operations can lead to an increase in microbial contamination of farmed fish that may shorten the shelf-life of fish products and byproducts, and ready-to-eat fishery products. The objective of this study was to evaluate the hygienic-sanitary status of water, environment, and processing of fresh-farmed rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fillets produced in a local fish farm in Andalusia, Spain. To achieve this, a longitudinal study was carried out by collecting environmental (air and food-contact surfaces), water from fish ponds, and rainbow trout samples. Thereby, seven sampling visits were performed between February 2021 and July 2022, where foodborne pathogens and spoilage microorganisms, together with physicochemical parameters, were analysed in the collected samples. Further, microbial identification of microbiota was achieved through a culture-dependent technique using blast analysis of 16S RNA gene sequencing. The results showed that Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella were not detected in the analysed samples. Regarding the hygienic-sanitary status of the fish farm, the slaughtering bath, the eviscerating machine and the outlet water from fish ponds presented the highest counts of coliforms, Enterobacteriaceae, and Aerobic Mesophilic Bacteria. Staphylococcus aureus and sulphite-reducing Clostridium were identified in the conveyor belts, fish flesh, and viscera. The 16S RNA identification confirmed the presence of viable spoilage bacteria such as Citrobacter gillenii, Macrococcus caseolyticus, Hafnia paralvei, Lactococcus lactis, Lactococcus cremoris, Klebsiella, Escherichia coli, Morganella morganii, and Shewanella. Three of these genera (Citrobacter, Hafnia, and Pseudomonas) were present in all types of samples analysed. The results evidenced potential transmission of microbial contamination from contaminated packaging belts and boxes, evisceration and filleting machines to flesh and viscera samples, thus the establishment of control measures should be implemented in fish farm facilities to extend the shelf-life of farmed fishery products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salud María Serrano Heredia
- Department of Food Science and Technology, UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes (ENZOEM), CeiA3, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus Rabanales, 14014 Córdoba, Spain; (S.M.S.H.); (J.S.-M.); (V.R.G.); (A.V.D.)
| | - Javier Sánchez-Martín
- Department of Food Science and Technology, UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes (ENZOEM), CeiA3, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus Rabanales, 14014 Córdoba, Spain; (S.M.S.H.); (J.S.-M.); (V.R.G.); (A.V.D.)
| | - Verónica Romero Gil
- Department of Food Science and Technology, UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes (ENZOEM), CeiA3, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus Rabanales, 14014 Córdoba, Spain; (S.M.S.H.); (J.S.-M.); (V.R.G.); (A.V.D.)
| | - Francisco Noé Arroyo-López
- Food Biotechnology Department, Instituto de la Grasa (CSIC), C\Utrera Km 1, Campus Universitario Pablo de Olavide, Building 46, 41013 Seville, Spain; (F.N.A.-L.); (A.B.-C.)
| | - Antonio Benítez-Cabello
- Food Biotechnology Department, Instituto de la Grasa (CSIC), C\Utrera Km 1, Campus Universitario Pablo de Olavide, Building 46, 41013 Seville, Spain; (F.N.A.-L.); (A.B.-C.)
| | - Elena Carrasco Jiménez
- Department of Food Science and Technology, UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes (ENZOEM), CeiA3, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus Rabanales, 14014 Córdoba, Spain; (S.M.S.H.); (J.S.-M.); (V.R.G.); (A.V.D.)
| | - Antonio Valero Díaz
- Department of Food Science and Technology, UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes (ENZOEM), CeiA3, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus Rabanales, 14014 Córdoba, Spain; (S.M.S.H.); (J.S.-M.); (V.R.G.); (A.V.D.)
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In Vitro Evaluation of Postbiotics Produced from Bacterial Isolates Obtained from Rainbow Trout and Nile Tilapia against the Pathogens Yersinia ruckeri and Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida. Foods 2023; 12:foods12040861. [PMID: 36832935 PMCID: PMC9957526 DOI: 10.3390/foods12040861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of antibiotics in aquaculture leads to the proliferation of multidrug-resistant bacteria, and an urgent need for developing new alternatives to prevent and control disease has, thus, arisen. In this scenario, postbiotics represent a promising tool to achieve this purpose; thus, in this study, isolation and selection of bacteria to further produce and evaluate their postbiotics antibacterial activity against fish pathogens was executed. In this respect, bacterial isolates from rainbow trout and Nile tilapia were obtained and tested in vitro against Yersinia ruckeri and Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida. From 369 obtained isolates, 69 were selected after initial evaluation. Afterwards, additional screening was carried out by spot-on-lawn assay to finally select twelve isolates; four were identified as Pediococcus acidilactici, seven as Weissella cibaria, and one as Weissella paramesenteroides by matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization, time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Selected bacteria were used to obtain postbiotic products to test their antagonistic activity through coculture challenge and broth microdilution assays. The influence of incubation time prior to postbiotic production on antagonistic behavior was also recorded. Two isolates identified as W. cibaria were able to significantly reduce (p < 0.05) A. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida's growth in the coculture challenge up to 4.49 ± 0.05 Log CFU/mL, and even though the reduction in Y. ruckeri was not as effective, some inhibition on the pathogen's growth was reported; at the same time, most of the postbiotic products obtained showed more antibacterial activity when obtained from broth cultures incubated for 72 h. Based on the results obtained, the preliminary identification of the isolates that expressed the highest inhibitory activity was confirmed by partial sequencing as W. cibaria. Through our study, it can be concluded that postbiotics produced by these strains are useful to inhibit the growth of the pathogens and could, thereby, be applicable in further research to develop suitable tools as feed additives for disease control and prevention in aquaculture.
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Ranjan A, Arora J, Chauhan A, Basniwal RK, Kumari A, Rajput VD, Prazdnova EV, Ghosh A, Mukerjee N, Mandzhieva SS, Sushkova S, Minkina T, Jindal T. Advances in characterization of probiotics and challenges in industrial application. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 2022:1-44. [PMID: 36200338 DOI: 10.1080/02648725.2022.2122287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
An unbalanced diet and poor lifestyle are common reasons for numerous health complications in humans. Probiotics are known to provide substantial benefits to human health by producing several bioactive compounds, vitamins, short-chain fatty acids and short peptides. Diets that contain probiotics are limited to curd, yoghurt, kefir, kimchi, etc. However, exploring the identification of more potential probiotics and enhancing their commercial application to improve the nutritional quality would be a significant step to utilizing the maximum benefits. The complex evolution patterns among the probiotics are the hurdles in their characterization and adequate application in the industries and dairy products. This article has mainly discussed the molecular methods of characterization that are based on the analysis of ribosomal RNA, whole genome, and protein markers and profiles. It also has critically emphasized the emerging challenges in industrial applications of probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuj Ranjan
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Jayati Arora
- Amity Institute of Environmental Sciences, Amity University, Noida, India
| | - Abhishek Chauhan
- Amity Institute of Environmental Toxicology Safety and Management, Amity University, Noida, India
| | - Rupesh Kumar Basniwal
- Amity Institute of Advanced Research and Studies (M&D), Amity University, Noida, India
| | - Arpna Kumari
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Vishnu D Rajput
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Evgeniya V Prazdnova
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Arabinda Ghosh
- Microbiology Division, Department of Botany, Gauhati University, Guwahati, India
| | - Nobendu Mukerjee
- Department of Microbiology, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Centenary College, Kolkata, India
- Department of Health Sciences, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Saglara S Mandzhieva
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Svetlana Sushkova
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Tatiana Minkina
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Tanu Jindal
- Amity Institute of Environmental Toxicology Safety and Management, Amity University, Noida, India
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4
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Allaith SA, Abdel-aziz ME, Thabit ZA, Altemimi AB, Abd El-Ghany K, Giuffrè AM, Al-Manhel AJA, Ebrahim HS, Mohamed RM, Abedelmaksoud TG. Screening and Molecular Identification of Lactic Acid Bacteria Producing β-Glucan in Boza and Cider. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2022; 8:350. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8080350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this study was screening and molecular identification of Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) producing β-glucan from different species isolated from boza and cider compared to a standard strain for Lactobacillus rhamnosus NRRL 1937 (LGG). From 48 unknown isolates, four LAB strains were selected. Based on the NCBI database, their nomenclature was A3, B6, and C9 for Limosilactobacillus fermentum SH1, SH2, and SH3 along with D6 for Leuconostoc mesenteroides SH4. Also, their similarity values were 100%, 99.8%, 100%, and 100%, respectively. The potential of Exopolysaccharide (EPS) (as β-glucan) production for selected LAB strains by gtf gene, conventional PCR and gene expression using both LGG as a control and LAB 16S rRNA gene as a house-keeping gene was investigated. In addition, EPS (mg/100 mL), cell mass (mg/100 mL), pH, total carbohydrate%, total protein% and β-glucan% by the HPLC for all selected LAB isolates were studied. All results of genetic and chemical tests proved the superiority of B6 treatment for L. fermentum SH2. The results showed the superiority of B6 treatment in gtf gene expression (14.7230 ± 0.070-fold) followed by C9 and A3 treatments, which were 10.1730 ± 0.231-fold and 8.6139 ± 0.320-fold, respectively. while D6 treatment recorded the lowest value of gene expression (0.8566 ± 0.040-fold) compared to the control LGG (one-fold). The results also demonstrated that B6 treatment was superior to the other treatments in terms of EPS formation, with a value of 481 ± 1.00 mg/100 mL, followed by the C9 treatment at 440 ± 2.00 mg/100 mL, compared to the LGG (control) reaching 199.7 ± 3.51 mg/100 mL. Also, the highest % of quantitative and qualitative β-glucan in EPS was observed in B6 followed by C9, D6 and A3 which were 5.56 ± 0.01%, 4.46 ± 0.01%, 0.25 ± 0.008% and 0.12 ± 0.008%, respectively compared to control (0.31 ± 0.01%). Finally, the presented results indicate the importance of screening the local LAB isolates to obtain a superior strain for β-glucan production which will be introduced in a subsequent study under optimum conditions.
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Spilsbury F, Foysal MJ, Tay A, Gagnon MM. Gut Microbiome as a Potential Biomarker in Fish: Dietary Exposure to Petroleum Hydrocarbons and Metals, Metabolic Functions and Cytokine Expression in Juvenile Lates calcarifer. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:827371. [PMID: 35942316 PMCID: PMC9356228 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.827371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome of fish contains core taxa whose relative abundances are modulated in response to diet, environmental factors, and exposure to toxicogenic chemicals, influencing the health of the host fish. Recent advances in genomics and metabolomics have suggested the potential of microbiome analysis as a biomarker for exposure to toxicogenic compounds. In this 35-day laboratory study, 16S RNA sequencing and multivariate analysis were used to explore changes in the gut microbiome of juvenile Lates calcarifer exposed to dietary sub-lethal doses of three metals: vanadium (20 mg/kg), nickel (480 mg/kg), and iron (470 mg/kg), and to two oils: bunker C heavy fuel oil (HFO) (1% w/w) and Montara, a typical Australian medium crude oil (ACO) (1% w/w). Diversity of the gut microbiome was significantly reduced compared to negative controls in fish exposed to metals, but not petroleum hydrocarbons. The core taxa in the microbiome of negative control fish comprised phyla Proteobacteria (62%), Firmicutes (7%), Planctomycetes (3%), Actinobacteria (2%), Bacteroidetes (1%), and others (25%). Differences in the relative abundances of bacterial phyla of metal-exposed fish were pronounced, with the microbiome of Ni-, V-, and Fe-exposed fish dominated by Proteobacteria (81%), Firmicutes (68%), and Bacteroidetes (48%), respectively. The genus Photobacterium was enriched proportionally to the concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in oil-exposed fish. The probiotic lactic acid bacterium Lactobacillus was significantly reduced in the microbiota of fish exposed to metals. Transcription of cytokines IL-1, IL-10, and TNF-a was significantly upregulated in fish exposed to metals but unchanged in oil-exposed fish compared to negative controls. However, IL-7 was significantly downregulated in fish exposed to V, Ni, Fe, and HFOs. Fish gut microbiome exhibits distinctive changes in response to specific toxicants and shows potential for use as biomarkers of exposure to V, Ni, Fe, and to PAHs present in crude oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Spilsbury
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
| | - Md Javed Foysal
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Alfred Tay
- Helicobacter Research Laboratory, The Marshall Centre, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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Standish I, McCann R, Puzach C, Leis E, Bailey J, Dziki S, Katona R, Lark E, Edwards C, Keesler B, Reichley S, King S, Knupp C, Harrison C, Loch T, Phillips K. Development of duplex qPCR targeting Carnobacterium maltaromaticum and Vagococcus salmoninarum. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2022; 45:667-677. [PMID: 35195301 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In November 2018, Vagococcus salmoninarum was identified as the causative agent of a chronic coldwater streptococcosis epizootic in broodstock brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) at the Iron River National Fish Hatchery in Wisconsin, USA. By February 2019, the epizootic spread to adjacent raceways containing broodstock lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush), whereby fish were found to be coinfected with Carnobacterium maltaromaticum and V. salmoninarum. To differentiate these two pathogens and determine the primary cause of the lake trout morbidity, a quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) was developed targeting the C. maltaromaticum phenylalanyl-tRNA synthase alpha subunit (pheS) gene. The qPCR was combined with a V. salmoninarum qPCR, creating a duplex qPCR assay that simultaneously quantitates C. maltaromaticum and V. salmoninarum concentrations in individual lake trout tissues, and screens presumptive isolates from hatchery inspections and wild fish from national fish hatchery source waters throughout the Great Lakes basin. Vagococcus salmoninarum and C. maltaromaticum were co-detected in broodstock brook trout from two tribal hatcheries and C. maltaromaticum was present in wild fish in source waters of several national fish hatcheries. This study provides a powerful new tool to differentiate and diagnose two emerging Gram-positive bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Standish
- La Crosse Fish Health Center, United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Onalaska, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Rebekah McCann
- La Crosse Fish Health Center, United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Onalaska, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Corey Puzach
- La Crosse Fish Health Center, United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Onalaska, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Eric Leis
- La Crosse Fish Health Center, United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Onalaska, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Jennifer Bailey
- La Crosse Fish Health Center, United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Onalaska, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Sara Dziki
- La Crosse Fish Health Center, United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Onalaska, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Ryan Katona
- La Crosse Fish Health Center, United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Onalaska, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Ellen Lark
- La Crosse Fish Health Center, United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Onalaska, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Carey Edwards
- Iron River National Fish Hatchery, United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Iron River, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Brandon Keesler
- Iron River National Fish Hatchery, United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Iron River, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Stephen Reichley
- Clear Springs Foods, Buhl, Idaho, USA
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Global Center for Aquatic Food Security, Mississippi State University, Starkville, Mississippi, USA
| | | | - Christopher Knupp
- College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Courtney Harrison
- College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Thomas Loch
- College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Kenneth Phillips
- La Crosse Fish Health Center, United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Onalaska, Wisconsin, USA
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Liu Y, Lv H, Xu L, Zhang K, Mei Y, Chen J, Wang M, Guan Y, Pang H, Wang Y, Tan Z. The Effect of Dietary Lactic Acid Bacteria on Intestinal Microbiota and Immune Responses of Crucian Carp (Carassius auratus) Under Water Temperature Decrease. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:847167. [PMID: 35509308 PMCID: PMC9058164 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.847167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Temperature changes have a great impact on fish feeding, intestinal microorganisms, metabolism, and immune function. Therefore, it is necessary to develop effective methods to enhance the survival rates and growth of fish under water temperature changes. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are promising immunostimulatory feed additive, as demonstrated by their beneficial effects in several fish species. This study investigated the short-term effects of dietary LAB on intestinal microbiota composition and immune responses of crucian carp (Carassius auratus) when water temperature decreased from 30 ± 1°C to 18 ± 1°C. Lactococcus (L.) lactis 1,209 and L. lactis 1,242 with potential probiotics isolated from the intestine of Qinghai naked carp (Gymnocypris przewalskii) were selected as feed additives for the crucian carp feeding experiment. A total of 225 commercially available healthy crucian carp (250 ± 10 g) of similar age were kept in 30°C water for a week and then immediately transferred to 18 ± 1°C water, assigned to three dietary treatments for a 16-day feeding trial randomly: (1) HC, diets without additives (the control group); (2) HT, diets with 106 CFU/ml L. lactis 1,209; and (3) HL, with 106 CFU/ml L. lactis 1,242. Each group was set up with 3 replicates and each with 25 fish. The results showed that the mortality rate of crucian carp in HC, HT, and HL group was 50, 27, and 33%, respectively. High-throughput sequencing results displayed that the composition of the intestinal microorganism varied dynamically in response to different treatments and water temperature decrease. Among them, compared with the HC group, a higher abundance of Firmicutes and Proteobacteria, and a lower of Actinobacteria appeared in HT and HL. The cytokines heat shock protein 70 (HSP-70) in crucian carp intestinal tract significantly decreased when water temperature decreased (p < 0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Liu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Ion-Beam Bioengineering, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Ion-Beam Bioengineering, School of Agricultural, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Haoxin Lv
- School of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Liping Xu
- Xining Vegetable Technical Service Center, Xining, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Xining Vegetable Technical Service Center, Xining, China
| | - Yan Mei
- Xining Vegetable Technical Service Center, Xining, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Henan Key Laboratory of Ion-Beam Bioengineering, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Min Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Ion-Beam Bioengineering, School of Agricultural, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yifei Guan
- Henan Key Laboratory of Ion-Beam Bioengineering, School of Agricultural, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huili Pang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Ion-Beam Bioengineering, School of Agricultural, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanping Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Ion-Beam Bioengineering, School of Agricultural, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhongfang Tan
- Henan Key Laboratory of Ion-Beam Bioengineering, School of Agricultural, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zhongfang Tan,
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Bhatnagar A, Saluja S. Role of Zingiber officinale and autochthonous probiotic Bacillus coagulans in feeds of Catla catla (Hamilton, 1822) for growth promotion, immunostimulation, histoprotection, and control of DNA damage. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2021; 47:2081-2100. [PMID: 34799793 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-021-01030-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Experiment was conducted to assess the impact of ginger (Zingiber officinale) as a dietary supplement with probiotic bacterium Bacillus coagulans on growth performance, hematological parameters, and non-specific immune parameters in Catla catla. An attempt was also made to investigate their effects on histology and extent of DNA damage against pathogenic bacterium Aeromonas hydrophila in C. catla. Ten dietary treatments were designed in triplicate in which five groups of fingerlings fed on diets containing different incorporation level of dried ginger at 0 g kg-1 (C1; basal diet 1 with duckweed as major protein source), 1 g kg-1 (G1), 5 g kg-1 (G2), 10 g kg-1 (G3), and 15 g kg-1 (G4) and other five groups of fingerlings fed on diets (G5-G9) containing different incorporation level of dried ginger at 0, 1, 5, 10, and 15 g kg-1 along with probiotic bacterium B. coagulans @ 3000 CFU ml-1 for 90 days. Results clearly revealed significantly (P < 0.05) high values of weight gain, growth % gain in body weight, specific growth rate (SGR), RBC and WBC count, phagocytic activity, respiratory burst activity, serum protein, and serum bactericidal activity in group of fingerlings fed on ginger supplemented diets which further improved with the inclusion of probiotic with best results in treatment G8. Histopathological study and COMET assay reflected that Z. officinale and probiotics protect extent of DNA damage and the digestive organs from the detrimental effects of pathogenic bacteria affirming their positive role and harmonious effects of probiotic bacterium with Z. officinale-supplemented diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Bhatnagar
- Department of Zoology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, 136119, Haryana, India.
| | - Sonal Saluja
- Department of Zoology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, 136119, Haryana, India
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9
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Huang YH, Chen YH, Chen JH, Hsu PS, Wu TH, Lin CF, Peng CC, Wu MC. A potential probiotic Leuconostoc mesenteroides TBE-8 for honey bee. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18466. [PMID: 34531482 PMCID: PMC8446051 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97950-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An isolated bacterium TBE-8, was identified as Leuconostoc mesenteroides according to the sequences of 16S rDNA and the 16S-23S rDNA intergenic spacer region. The probiotic properties of the L. mesenteroides TBE-8 strain were characterized and revealed that TBE-8 could utilize various carbohydrates, exhibited high tolerance to sucrose's osmotic pressure and acidic conditions, and could mitigate the impact of the bee pathogen Paenibacillus larvae. In addition, we found that the TBE-8 broth increased the expression of the nutrition-related genes major royal jelly protein 1 and vitellogenin in bees by approximately 1400- and 20-fold, respectively. The expression of genes encoding two antibacterial peptides, hymenoptaecin and apidaecin, in the bee abdomen was significantly increased by 17- and 7-fold in bees fed with the TBE-8 fermented broth. Furthermore, we fed four-frame bee colonies with 50% sucrose syrup containing TBE-8 and can detect the presence of approximately 2 × 106 16S rDNA copies of TBE-8 in the guts of all bees in 24 h, and the retention of TBE-8 in the bee gut for at least 5 days. These findings indicate that the L. mesenteroides TBE-8 has high potential as a bee probiotic and could enhance the health of bee colonies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Han Huang
- Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsin Chen
- Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Hung Chen
- Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Shou Hsu
- Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Miaoli District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Hsien Wu
- Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Miaoli District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Chuen-Fu Lin
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chung Peng
- Department of Biotechnology, National Formosa University, Yunlin, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Cheng Wu
- Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Iorizzo M, Albanese G, Testa B, Ianiro M, Letizia F, Succi M, Tremonte P, D’Andrea M, Iaffaldano N, Coppola R. Presence of Lactic Acid Bacteria in the Intestinal Tract of the Mediterranean Trout ( Salmo macrostigma) in Its Natural Environment. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:667. [PMID: 34357039 PMCID: PMC8306010 DOI: 10.3390/life11070667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowledge of the composition of the gut microbiota in freshwater fish living in their natural habitat has taxonomic and ecological importance. Few reports have been produced on the composition of the gut microbiota and on the presence of LAB in the intestines of freshwater fish that inhabit river environments. In this study, we investigated the LAB community that was present in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of Mediterranean trout (Salmo macrostigma) that colonized the Biferno and Volturno rivers of the Molise region (Italy). The partial 16S rRNA gene sequences of these strains were determined for the species-level taxonomic placement. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that the isolated LABs belonged to seven genera (Carnobacterium, Enterococcus, Lactobacillus, Lactiplantibacillus, Vagococcus, Lactococcus, and Weissella). The study of the enzymatic activities showed that these LABs could contribute to the breakdown of polysaccharides, proteins, and lipids. In future studies, a greater understanding of how the LABs act against pathogens and trigger the fish immune response may provide practical means to engineer the indigenous fish microbiome and enhance disease control and fish health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bruno Testa
- Department of Agriculture, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, Via De Sanctis, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (M.I.); (G.A.); (M.I.); (F.L.); (M.S.); (P.T.); (M.D.); (N.I.); (R.C.)
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11
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Hydrolysis of raw fish proteins extracts by Carnobacterium maltaromaticum strains isolated from Argentinean freshwater fish. BIOTECHNOLOGY REPORTS (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 29:e00589. [PMID: 33489790 PMCID: PMC7811128 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2021.e00589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Carnobacterium and Vagococcus genera were identified from Paraná River freshwater fishes. Low acidifying and antilisterial Carnobacterium strains were selected. Proteolysis of raw fish extract by C. maltaromaticum strains was confirmed. C. maltaromaticum strains may be used as functional cultures to develop novel LPFP.
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from freshwater fish (hatcheries and captures) from Paraná river (Argentina) were analyzed by using culture-dependent approaches. The species belonging to Carnobacterium (C.) divergens, C. inhibens, C. maltaromaticum, C. viridans and Vagococcus (V.) salmoninarum were identify as predominant by RAPD-PCR and 16 s rRNA gene sequencing. C. maltaromaticum (H-17, S-30, B-42 and S-44) grew in raw fish extract and slightly reduced the medium pH (5.81–5.91). These strains exhibited moderate fish sarcoplasmic protein degradation (≤ 73 %) releasing small peptides and free amino acids, being alanine, glycine, asparagine and arginine concentrations increased in a higher extent (17.84, 1.47, 1.26 and 0.47 mg/100 mL, respectively) by S-44 strain at 96 h incubation. Interestingly C. maltaromaticum H-17 was able to inhibit Listeria monocytogenes. Results suggest that these strains would contribute to the development of new safe and healthy fishery products with improved nutritional and sensory characteristics.
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12
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Stupar J, Holøymoen IG, Hoel S, Lerfall J, Rustad T, Jakobsen AN. Diversity and Antimicrobial Activity towards Listeria spp. and Escherichia coli among Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Ready-to-Eat Seafood. Foods 2021; 10:foods10020271. [PMID: 33572838 PMCID: PMC7911464 DOI: 10.3390/foods10020271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Biopreservation is a food preservation technology using microorganisms and/or their inherent antimicrobial metabolites to inhibit undesirable microorganisms. The aim of the present study was to explore the diversity and antimicrobial activity of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains (n = 99) isolated from ready-to-eat (RTE) seafood (cold-smoked salmon (CSS), gravlax, and sushi) towards two strains of Listeria monocytogenes (CCUG 15527, F11), Listeria innocua (CCUG 15531) and Escherichia coli (CCUG 38079). The LAB strains were assigned to five different genera (Carnobacterium spp., Lactobacillus spp., Leuconostoc spp., Weissella spp., and Enterococcus sp.) by sequencing a 1150 bp stretch of the 16S rRNA gene. A significant association between the seafood source and the distribution of LAB genera was found (p < 0.001), of which Leuconostoc spp. were most prevalent in sushi and Carnobacterium sp. and Lactobacillus sp. were most frequently isolated from CSS and gravlax. Antimicrobial activity among the LAB was significantly affected by LAB genera (F= 117.91, p < 0.001, one-way ANOVA), product of origin (F = 3.47, p < 0.05), and target (F = 4.64, p = 0.003). LAB isolated from sushi demonstrated a significantly higher antimicrobial effect than LAB from CSS and gravlax (p < 0.05). In general, a significantly higher antimicrobial activity was found towards Listeria spp. than E. coli (p < 0.05). However, Leuconostoc spp. demonstrated similar antimicrobial effects towards E. coli and Listeria spp., except for L. monocytogenes F11 being more sensitive (p < 0.05). This study suggested that seafood-derived LAB strains could be selected for technological application in RTE seafood systems.
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13
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Bacterial Populations in International Artisanal Kefirs. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8091318. [PMID: 32872546 PMCID: PMC7565184 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8091318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Artisanal kefir is a traditional fermented dairy product made using kefir grains. Kefir has documented natural antimicrobial activity and health benefits. A typical kefir microbial community includes lactic acid bacteria (LAB), acetic acid bacteria, and yeast among other species in a symbiotic matrix. In the presented work, the 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to reveal bacterial populations and elucidate the diversity and abundance of LAB species in international artisanal kefirs from Fusion Tea, Britain, the Caucuses region, Ireland, Lithuania, and South Korea. Bacterial species found in high abundance in most artisanal kefirs included Lactobacillus kefiranofaciens, Lentilactobacillus kefiri,Lactobacillus ultunensis, Lactobacillus apis, Lactobacillus gigeriorum, Gluconobacter morbifer, Acetobacter orleanensis, Acetobacter pasteurianus, Acidocella aluminiidurans, and Lactobacillus helveticus. Some of these bacterial species are LAB that have been reported for their bacteriocin production capabilities and/or health promoting properties.
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14
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Standish I, Erickson S, Leis E, Baumgartner W, Loch T, Knupp C, McCann R, Puzach C, Katona R, Lark E, Bailey J, Buening J, Edwards C, Phillips K. Vagococcus salmoninarum I-A chronic coldwater streptococcosis in broodstock brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) in Wisconsin, USA. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2020; 43:305-316. [PMID: 32030789 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In 2018, Vagococcus salmoninarum was isolated from two lots of broodstock "coaster" brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) containing ~1,500 fish at the Iron River National Fish Hatchery, at which time it was identified as the causative agent of a chronic coldwater streptococcosis epizootic. Clinical signs included exophthalmia, lethargy, erratic swimming and loss of equilibrium. Female fish experienced disproportionately higher morbidity and mortality than male co-inhabitants, and routinely retained eggs following spawning. The most consistent gross clinical sign was heart pallor and turbid pericardial effusion. An attempted treatment using florfenicol was ineffective at halting the epizootic, which spanned more than a year and resulted in >50% mortality before remaining fish were culled. As there is no previous documentation of V. salmoninarum at this hatchery or in this species, it is still unclear what circumstances led to this epizootic. The inability to treat this chronic disease led to the loss of valuable broodstock, hampering ongoing fishery conservation efforts in the Great Lakes Basin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Standish
- United States Fish and Wildlife Service, La Crosse Fish Health Center, Onalaska, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Sara Erickson
- United States Fish and Wildlife Service, La Crosse Fish Health Center, Onalaska, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Eric Leis
- United States Fish and Wildlife Service, La Crosse Fish Health Center, Onalaska, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Wes Baumgartner
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Pathobiology and Population Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
| | - Thomas Loch
- College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Christopher Knupp
- College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Rebekah McCann
- United States Fish and Wildlife Service, La Crosse Fish Health Center, Onalaska, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Corey Puzach
- United States Fish and Wildlife Service, La Crosse Fish Health Center, Onalaska, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Ryan Katona
- United States Fish and Wildlife Service, La Crosse Fish Health Center, Onalaska, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Ellen Lark
- United States Fish and Wildlife Service, La Crosse Fish Health Center, Onalaska, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Jennifer Bailey
- United States Fish and Wildlife Service, La Crosse Fish Health Center, Onalaska, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Jorge Buening
- United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Iron River National Fish Hatchery, Iron River, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Carey Edwards
- United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Iron River National Fish Hatchery, Iron River, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Kenneth Phillips
- United States Fish and Wildlife Service, La Crosse Fish Health Center, Onalaska, Wisconsin, USA
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Siddik MAB, Chaklader MR, Foysal MJ, Howieson J, Fotedar R, Gupta SK. Influence of fish protein hydrolysate produced from industrial residues on antioxidant activity, cytokine expression and gut microbial communities in juvenile barramundi Lates calcarifer. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 97:465-473. [PMID: 31866445 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.12.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the supplemental effects of tuna hydrolysate (TH) in poultry by-product meal (PBM) and dietary fishmeal (FM) diets on antioxidant enzymatic activities, gut microbial communities and expression of cytokine genes in the distal intestine of juvenile barramundi, Lates calcarifer. Fish were fed with fermented (FPBM + TH) as well as non-fermented PBM (PBM + TH) and FM (FMBD + TH) diets with 10% TH supplementation for 10 weeks. A basal diet prepared without TH supplementation served as control. The results showed that the activity of glutathione peroxidase was significantly higher in FPBM + TH than the control, while the malondialdehyde and catalase activities were unchanged. FPBM + TH diet significantly (P < 0.05) upregulated the pro-inflammatory cytokines including IL-1β and TNF-α while considerable downregulation (P < 0.05) was observed in the mRNA expression levels of anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL-10 in the distal intestine of fish. The 16SrRNA analysis using V3-V4 region evidenced the ability of FPBM + TH to modulate the distal intestinal gut microbiome, augmenting the richness of Firmicutes and Fusobacteriaat at phylum level and Bacillus, Lactococcus and Cetobacterium at genus level. All these results have shown that fermented PBM with TH supplementation could improve the antioxidant capacity and inflammatory responses of juvenile barramundi while influencing the microbial communities at both phylum and genera levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad A B Siddik
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, 1 Turner Avenue, Bentley, WA, 6102, Australia; Department of Fisheries Biology and Genetics, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Patuakhali, 8602, Bangladesh.
| | - Md Reaz Chaklader
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, 1 Turner Avenue, Bentley, WA, 6102, Australia
| | - Md Javed Foysal
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, 1 Turner Avenue, Bentley, WA, 6102, Australia; Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Janet Howieson
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, 1 Turner Avenue, Bentley, WA, 6102, Australia
| | - Ravi Fotedar
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, 1 Turner Avenue, Bentley, WA, 6102, Australia
| | - Sanjay K Gupta
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Ranchi, Jhankhand, India
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16
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Reuben RC, Roy PC, Sarkar SL, Rubayet Ul Alam ASM, Jahid IK. Characterization and evaluation of lactic acid bacteria from indigenous raw milk for potential probiotic properties. J Dairy Sci 2019; 103:1223-1237. [PMID: 31759592 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-17092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Raw milk contains wide microbial diversity, composed mainly of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), which are used as probiotics in both human and animal husbandry. We isolated, characterized, and evaluated LAB from indigenous Bangladeshi raw milk to assess probiotic potential, including antagonistic activity (against Escherichia coli O157: H7, Enterococcus faecalis, Salmonella Typhimurium, Salmonella Enteritidis, and Listeria monocytogenes), survivability in simulated gastric juice, tolerance to phenol and bile salts, adhesion to ileum epithelial cells, auto- and co-aggregation, hydrophobicity, α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, and antibiotic susceptibility tests. The 4 most promising LAB strains showed probiotic potential and were identified as Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus plantarum (which produced plantaricin EF), Lactobacillus fermentum, and Lactobacillus paracasei. These strains inhibited all pathogens tested at various degrees, and competitively excluded pathogens with viable counts of 3.0 to 6.0 log cfu/mL. Bacteriocin, organic acids, and low-molecular-weight substances were mainly responsible for antimicrobial activity by the LAB strains. All 4 LAB strains were resistant to oxacillin and 3 were resistant to vancomycin and streptomycin, with multiple antibiotic resistance indices >0.2. After further in vivo evaluation, these LAB strains could be considered probiotic candidates with application in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C Reuben
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore-7408, Bangladesh; Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Nasarawa State Polytechnic, PMB 109 Lafia, Nigeria
| | - P C Roy
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore-7408, Bangladesh
| | - S L Sarkar
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore-7408, Bangladesh
| | - A S M Rubayet Ul Alam
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore-7408, Bangladesh
| | - I K Jahid
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore-7408, Bangladesh.
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Isolation, Molecular Characterization and Probiotic Potential of Lactic Acid Bacteria in Saudi Raw and Fermented Milk. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2018:7970463. [PMID: 30147735 PMCID: PMC6083559 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7970463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Probiotic bacteria can confer health benefits to the human gastrointestinal tract. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are candidate probiotic bacteria that are widely distributed in nature and can be used in the food industry. The objective of this study is to isolate and characterize LAB present in raw and fermented milk in Saudi Arabia. Ninety-three suspected LAB were isolated from thirteen different types of raw and fermented milk from indigenous animals in Saudi Arabia. The identification of forty-six selected LAB strains and their genetic relatedness was performed based on 16S rDNA gene sequence comparisons. None of the strains exhibited resistance to clinically relevant antibiotics or had any undesirable hemolytic activity, but they differed in their other probiotic characteristics, that is, tolerance to acidic pH, resistance to bile, and antibacterial activity. In conclusion, the isolates Lactobacillus casei MSJ1, Lactobacillus casei Dwan5, Lactobacillus plantarum EyLan2, and Enterococcus faecium Gail-BawZir8 are most likely the best with probiotic potentials. We speculate that studying the synergistic effects of bacterial combinations might result in a more effective probiotic potential. We suspect that raw and fermented milk products from animals in Saudi Arabia, especially Laban made from camel milk, are rich in LAB and have promising probiotic potential.
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18
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Dulski T, Zakęś Z, Ciesielski S. Characterization of the gut microbiota in early life stages of pikeperch Sander lucioperca. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2018; 92:94-104. [PMID: 29124770 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study characterized the gastrointestinal microbiome of nine juvenile farmed pikeperch Sander lucioperca using a metagenomics approach based on bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Potential changes in the gut microbiota during 2 months of S. lucioperca juvenile life were investigated. Results revealed that gut microbiota was dominated by Proteobacteria (95-92%), while other phyla Firmicutes (1-1·5%) and Actinobacteria (0·9-1·5%) were less abundant. At the family level, fish-gut microbiota were dominated by Enterobacteriaceae, which constituted c. 83% of all DNA sequence reads. Such a situation was present in all of the examined fish except one, which showed a different proportion of particular microbial taxa than the other fish. In this fish, a higher relative abundance (%) of Fusobacteria (21·0%), Bacteroidetes (9·5%) and Firmicutes (7·5%) was observed. There were no significant differences in the gut microbiome structure at different stages of development in the examined fish. This may indicate that Proteobacteria inhabiting the gut microbiota at an early stage of life are a necessary component of the pikeperch microbiome that may support proper nutrition of the fish. The information obtained on the gut microbiome could be useful in determining juvenile S. lucioperca health and improving rearing conditions by welfare monitoring in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Dulski
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Słoneczna 45G street, 10-709, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Z Zakęś
- Department of Aquaculture, The Stanislaw Sakowicz Inland Fisheries Institute, ul. Oczapowskiego 10, 10-719, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - S Ciesielski
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Słoneczna 45G street, 10-709, Olsztyn, Poland
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19
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Nursyirwani N, Asmara W, Wahyuni AETH, Triyanto T, Fauzi M, Muchlisin ZA. Phenotype and genotype of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from the tiger grouper Epinephelus fuscoguttatus alimentary tract. F1000Res 2017; 6:1984. [PMID: 29259771 PMCID: PMC5717476 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.12734.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have been isolated successfully from the tiger grouper
Epinephelusfuscoguttatus intestine. However, their genus or species have not been identified. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to characterize the three isolated LAB (KSBU-12C, KSBU-5Da, and KSBU-9) based on their phenotype and genotype. The LAB phenotype was examined by observing morphological features including cell morphology, spore production and motility. The physiological tests were performed in 6.5% NaCl at the temperatures of 10
oC and 45
oC, and the biochemical tests were evaluated based on the production of enzymes catalase, oxidase and arginine dehydrolase, following the Standard Analytical Profile Index, API 50 CH kit. The genotype was examined based on 16S rDNA gene sequence analysis , and the products were analyzed using the BLAST (Basic Local Alignment Search Tool) NCBI database. The three isolates (KSBU-5Da, KSBU-12C, and KSBU-9) were categorized into the genus
Enterococcus. 16S rDNA sequence analysis indicated that the isolates had 99% similarity to
E. hirae ATCC 9790, registered in GenBank with accession number
NR_075022.1. It was concluded that the three LAB isolates taken from the tiger grouper
Epinephelus fuscoguttatus are
E. hirae.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Widya Asmara
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | | | - Triyanto Triyanto
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Fauzi
- Faculty of Fishery and Marine Science, Universitas Riau, Pekanbaru, Indonesia
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Gajardo K, Jaramillo-Torres A, Kortner TM, Merrifield DL, Tinsley J, Bakke AM, Krogdahl Å. Alternative Protein Sources in the Diet Modulate Microbiota and Functionality in the Distal Intestine of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar). Appl Environ Microbiol 2017; 83:e02615-16. [PMID: 27986728 PMCID: PMC5311410 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02615-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate whether alternative dietary protein sources modulate the microbial communities in the distal intestine (DI) of Atlantic salmon, and whether alterations in microbiota profiles are reflected in modifications in host intestinal function and health status. A 48-day feeding trial was conducted, in which groups of fish received one of five diets: a reference diet in which fishmeal (diet FM) was the only protein source and four experimental diets with commercially relevant compositions containing alternative ingredients as partial replacements of fishmeal, i.e., poultry meal (diet PM), a mix of soybean meal and wheat gluten (diet SBMWG), a mix of soy protein concentrate and poultry meal (diet SPCPM), and guar meal and wheat gluten (diet GMWG). Samples were taken of DI digesta and mucosa for microbial profiling using high-throughput sequencing and from DI whole tissue for immunohistochemistry and expression profiling of marker genes for gut health. Regardless of diet, there were significant differences between the microbial populations in the digesta and the mucosa in the salmon DI. Microbial richness was higher in the digesta than the mucosa. The digesta-associated bacterial communities were more affected by the diet than the mucosa-associated microbiota. Interestingly, both legume-based diets (SBMWG and GMWG) presented high relative abundance of lactic acid bacteria in addition to alteration in the expression of a salmon gene related to cell proliferation (pcna). It was, however, not possible to ascertain the cause-effect relationship between changes in bacterial communities and the host's intestinal responses to the diets.IMPORTANCE The intestine of cultivated Atlantic salmon shows symptoms of compromised function, which are most likely caused by imbalances related to the use of new feed ingredients. Intestinal microbiota profiling may become in the future a valuable endpoint measurement in order to assess fish intestinal health status and effects of diet. The present study aimed to gain information about whether alternative dietary protein sources modulate the microbial communities in the Atlantic salmon intestine and whether alterations in microbiota profiles are reflected in alterations in host intestinal function and health status. We demonstrate here that there are substantial differences between the intestinal digesta and mucosa in the presence and abundance of bacteria. The digesta-associated microbiota showed clear dependence on the diet composition, whereas mucosa-associated microbiota appeared to be less affected by diet composition. Most important, the study identified bacterial groups associated with diet-induced gut dysfunction that may be utilized as microbial markers of gut health status in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Gajardo
- Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Oslo, Norway
| | - Alexander Jaramillo-Torres
- Aquaculture and Fish Nutrition Research Group, School of Biological Sciences, Plymouth University, Plymouth, United Kingdom
| | - Trond M Kortner
- Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Oslo, Norway
| | - Daniel L Merrifield
- Aquaculture and Fish Nutrition Research Group, School of Biological Sciences, Plymouth University, Plymouth, United Kingdom
| | | | - Anne Marie Bakke
- Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Oslo, Norway
| | - Åshild Krogdahl
- Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Oslo, Norway
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21
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Giatsis C, Sipkema D, Ramiro-Garcia J, Bacanu GM, Abernathy J, Verreth J, Smidt H, Verdegem M. Probiotic legacy effects on gut microbial assembly in tilapia larvae. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33965. [PMID: 27670882 PMCID: PMC5037425 DOI: 10.1038/srep33965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The exposure of fish to environmental free-living microbes and its effect on early colonization in the gut have been studied in recent years. However, little is known regarding how the host and environment interact to shape gut communities during early life. Here, we tested whether the early microbial exposure of tilapia larvae affects the gut microbiota at later life stages. The experimental period was divided into three stages: axenic, probiotic and active suspension. Axenic tilapia larvae were reared either under conventional conditions (active suspension systems) or exposed to a single strain probiotic (Bacillus subtilis) added to the water. Microbial characterization by Illumina HiSeq sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons showed the presence of B. subtilis in the gut during the seven days of probiotic application. Although B. subtilis was no longer detected in the guts of fish exposed to the probiotic after day 7, gut microbiota of the exposed tilapia larvae remained significantly different from that of the control treatment. Compared with the control, fish gut microbiota under probiotic treatment was less affected by spatial differences resulting from tank replication, suggesting that the early probiotic contact contributed to the subsequent observation of low inter-individual variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos Giatsis
- Aquaculture and Fisheries Group, Wageningen University, De Elst 1, 6708 WD Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Detmer Sipkema
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Javier Ramiro-Garcia
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of System and Synthetic Biology, Stippeneng 4, Wageningen 6708 WE, The Netherlands
- TI Food and Nutrition (TIFN) P.O. Box 557, 6700 AN, Wageningen 6703 HB, The Netherlands
| | - Gianina M. Bacanu
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jason Abernathy
- USDA-ARS, Hagerman Fish Culture Experiment Station, 3059F National Fish Hatchery Road, Hagerman, Idaho 83332, USA
| | - Johan Verreth
- Aquaculture and Fisheries Group, Wageningen University, De Elst 1, 6708 WD Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hauke Smidt
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marc Verdegem
- Aquaculture and Fisheries Group, Wageningen University, De Elst 1, 6708 WD Wageningen, The Netherlands
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García-Hernández Y, Pérez-Sánchez T, Boucourt R, Balcázar JL, Nicoli JR, Moreira-Silva J, Rodríguez Z, Fuertes H, Nuñez O, Albelo N, Halaihel N. Isolation, characterization and evaluation of probiotic lactic acid bacteria for potential use in animal production. Res Vet Sci 2016; 108:125-32. [PMID: 27663381 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2016.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Revised: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In livestock production, lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are the most common microorganisms used as probiotics. For such use, these bacteria must be correctly identified and characterized to ensure their safety and efficiency. In the present study, LAB were isolated from broiler excreta, where a fermentation process was used. Nine among sixteen isolates were identified by biochemical and molecular (sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene) methods as Lactobacillus crispatus (n=1), Lactobacillus pentosus (n=1), Weissella cibaria (n=1), Pediococcus pentosaceus (n=2) and Enterococcus hirae (n=4). Subsequently, these bacteria were characterized for their growth capabilities, lactic acid production, acidic pH and bile salts tolerance, cell surface hydrophobicity, antimicrobial susceptibility and antagonistic activity. Lactobacillus pentosus strain LB-31, which showed the best characteristics, was selected for further analysis. This strain was administered to broilers and showed the ability of modulating the immune response and producing beneficial effects on morpho-physiological, productive and health indicators of the animals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - José L Balcázar
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Scientific and Technological Park of the University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Jacques R Nicoli
- Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - João Moreira-Silva
- Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Héctor Fuertes
- Faculty of Veterinary, Universidad Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | | | - Nabil Halaihel
- Faculty of Veterinary, Universidad Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
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A high-resolution map of the gut microbiota in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar): A basis for comparative gut microbial research. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30893. [PMID: 27485205 PMCID: PMC4971465 DOI: 10.1038/srep30893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut health challenges, possibly related to alterations in gut microbiota, caused by plant ingredients in the diets, cause losses in Atlantic salmon production. To investigate the role of the microbiota for gut function and health, detailed characterization of the gut microbiota is needed. We present the first in-depth characterization of salmon gut microbiota based on high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene's V1-V2 region. Samples were taken from five intestinal compartments: digesta from proximal, mid and distal intestine and of mucosa from mid and distal intestine of 67.3 g salmon kept in seawater (12-14 °C) and fed a commercial diet for 4 weeks. Microbial richness and diversity differed significantly and were higher in the digesta than the mucosa. In mucosa, Proteobacteria dominated the microbiota (90%), whereas in digesta both Proteobacteria (47%) and Firmicutes (38%) showed high abundance. Future studies of diet and environmental impacts on gut microbiota should therefore differentiate between effects on mucosa and digesta in the proximal, mid and the distal intestine. A core microbiota, represented by 22 OTUs, was found in 80% of the samples. The gut microbiota of Atlantic salmon showed similarities with that of mammals.
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Koyanagi T, Nakagawa A, Kiyohara M, Matsui H, Tsuji A, Barla F, Take H, Katsuyama Y, Tokuda K, Nakamura S, Minami H, Enomoto T, Katayama T, Kumagai H. Tracing microbiota changes in yamahai-moto, the traditional Japanese sake starter. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2015; 80:399-406. [PMID: 26479869 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2015.1095067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Sake is made from steamed rice, malted rice, and water. Sake production begins with the preparation of a small-scale starter (moto); the quality of moto significantly influences the flavor and richness of sake. In the traditional starter, yamahai-moto, the growth of naturally occurring lactic acid bacteria represses the putrefactive micro-organisms, whereas in the modern starter, sokujo-moto, this is achieved by adding lactic acid. In this study, the successive change in bacterial flora of yamahai-moto was analyzed by pyrosequencing 16S ribosomal RNA genes. Lactobacillus was dominant throughout the process (93-98%). Nitrate-reducing bacteria that have been generally assumed to be the first colonizers of yamahai-moto were scarcely found in the early stage, but Lactobacillus acidipiscis dominated. Lactobacillus sakei drastically increased in the middle stage. This is the first report, though one case study, to show how the early stage microbiota in Japanese yamahai-moto is varyingly controlled without nitrate-reducing bacteria using next-generation sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Koyanagi
- a Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology , Ishikawa Prefectural University , Nonoichi , Japan.,b Department of Food Science , Ishikawa Prefectural University , Nonoichi , Japan
| | - Akira Nakagawa
- a Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology , Ishikawa Prefectural University , Nonoichi , Japan
| | - Masashi Kiyohara
- a Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology , Ishikawa Prefectural University , Nonoichi , Japan
| | - Hiroshi Matsui
- a Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology , Ishikawa Prefectural University , Nonoichi , Japan
| | - Atsushi Tsuji
- c Industrial Research Institute of Ishikawa , Kanazawa , Japan
| | - Florin Barla
- b Department of Food Science , Ishikawa Prefectural University , Nonoichi , Japan
| | - Harumi Take
- c Industrial Research Institute of Ishikawa , Kanazawa , Japan
| | - Yoko Katsuyama
- c Industrial Research Institute of Ishikawa , Kanazawa , Japan
| | | | - Shizuo Nakamura
- c Industrial Research Institute of Ishikawa , Kanazawa , Japan
| | - Hiromichi Minami
- a Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology , Ishikawa Prefectural University , Nonoichi , Japan
| | - Toshiki Enomoto
- b Department of Food Science , Ishikawa Prefectural University , Nonoichi , Japan
| | - Takane Katayama
- e Graduate School of Biostudies , Kyoto University , Kyoto , Japan
| | - Hidehiko Kumagai
- a Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology , Ishikawa Prefectural University , Nonoichi , Japan
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25
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Fang C, Ma M, Ji H, Ren T, Mims SD. Alterations of digestive enzyme activities, intestinal morphology and microbiota in juvenile paddlefish, Polyodon spathula, fed dietary probiotics. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2015; 41:91-105. [PMID: 25403154 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-014-0008-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The effects of dietary supplementation of probiotics on digestive enzymes activities, intestinal morphology and microbiota in juvenile paddlefish (Polyodon spathula) were studied. A total of 400 fish were reared in two cages and fed with a basal diet (control group, CG) or diet supplemented with commercial probiotics (treatment group, TG) for 80 days. Enzymes activities analysis indicated that protease and α-amylase activities increased (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05) in TG. Light microscopy observation demonstrated the decrease of wall thickness and muscularis thickness in foregut (P < 0.01), the increase of those in hindgut (P < 0.05), the increase of folds height in foregut (P < 0.01) and midgut in TG (P < 0.05). DGGE results of PCR-amplified 16S rRNA confirmed that the richness and diversity of intestinal microbial species increased in TG. The similarity between the commercial bacteria product and intestinal microbiota of TG were higher than the microbiota from CG. The quantities of bacterium, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Fusobacteria, present an increasing trend from foregut to hindgut both in two groups. To our knowledge, this is the first in vivo study to reveal the effect of dietary probiotics on intestinal digestive enzymes activities, morphology and microbiota in paddlefish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Fang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, People's Republic of China
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26
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Sequeiros C, Garcés ME, Vallejo M, Marguet ER, Olivera NL. Potential aquaculture probiont Lactococcus lactis TW34 produces nisin Z and inhibits the fish pathogen Lactococcus garvieae. Arch Microbiol 2014; 197:449-58. [PMID: 25549984 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-014-1076-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Revised: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Bacteriocin-producing Lactococcus lactis TW34 was isolated from marine fish. TW34 bacteriocin inhibited the growth of the fish pathogen Lactococcus garvieae at 5 AU/ml (minimum inhibitory concentration), whereas the minimum bactericidal concentration was 10 AU/ml. Addition of TW34 bacteriocin to L. garvieae cultures resulted in a decrease of six orders of magnitude of viable cells counts demonstrating a bactericidal mode of action. The direct detection of the bacteriocin activity by Tricine-SDS-PAGE showed an active peptide with a molecular mass ca. 4.5 kDa. The analysis by MALDI-TOF-MS detected a strong signal at m/z 2,351.2 that corresponded to the nisin leader peptide mass without the initiating methionine, whose sequence STKDFNLDLVSVSKKDSGASPR was confirmed by MS/MS. Sequence analysis of nisin structural gene confirmed that L. lactis TW34 was a nisin Z producer. This nisin Z-producing strain with probiotic properties might be considered as an alternative in the prevention of lactococcosis, a global disease in aquaculture systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Sequeiros
- Centro Nacional Patagónico (CENPAT-CONICET), Blvd. Brown Nº 2915, U9120ACD, Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina,
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Bağder Elmacı S, Tokatlı M, Dursun D, Özçelik F, Şanlıbaba P. Phenotypic and genotypic identification of lactic acid bacteria isolated from traditional pickles of the Çubuk region in Turkey. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2014; 60:241-51. [PMID: 25404550 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-014-0363-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A total of 152 lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were isolated from pickles produced in the Ankara-Çubuk region. These isolates were clustered into eight groups on the basis of their phenotypic characteristics including cell morphology, CO2 production from glucose, growth at 10 and 45 °C, growth in 6.5 % NaCl, and growth at pH 9.6. API 50 CH carbohydrate fermentation test, 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequence analysis, and sodium dodecyl sulfate-acrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) whole-cell protein profile analysis were also performed for precise identification of the isolates at the species level. Molecular identification revealed that the most prevalent LAB species involved in pickle fermentation were Pediococcus ethanolidurans (46 isolates, 30.3 %), Lactobacillus brevis (37 isolates, 24.3 %), Lactobacillus plantarum (37 isolates, 24.3 %), and Lactobacillus buchneri (15 isolates, 9.9 %). Other LAB were found in minor frequencies such as Pediococcus parvulus (8 isolates, 5.3 %), Lactobacillus namurensis (6 isolates, 3.9 %), Lactobacillus diolivorans (1 isolate, 0.7 %), Lactobacillus parabrevis (1 isolate, 0.7 %), and Enterococcus casseliflavus (1 isolate, 0.7 %). When results of phenotypic and genotypic identification methods were compared, differences in the species distribution of LAB associated with pickles were defined between the API and the 16S rRNA sequencing. The API 50 CHL test coincided with the 16S rRNA results in 71 out of the 152 tested isolates, indicating that API gave unreliable identification results. A clear correlation could not be found between the results of whole-cell SDS profiles and 16S rRNA sequencing. Therefore, molecular characterization by 16S rRNA sequencing was considered to be the most reliable method for identifying isolates. The results presented in this work provide insight in to the LAB population associated with traditional Çubuk pickles and constitute a LAB strain resource for further studies involving the development of starter cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simel Bağder Elmacı
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Food Engineering, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey,
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28
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In vitro evaluation of the fermentative, antioxidant, and anti-inflammation properties of Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis BF3 and Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. mesenteroides BF7 isolated from Oncorhynchus keta intestines in Rausu, Japan. J Funct Foods 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2014.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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Pyrosequencing Analysis of Microbiota inKaburazushi, a Traditional Medieval Sushi in Japan. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 77:2125-30. [DOI: 10.1271/bbb.130550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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30
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Bessmeltseva M, Viiard E, Simm J, Paalme T, Sarand I. Evolution of bacterial consortia in spontaneously started rye sourdoughs during two months of daily propagation. PLoS One 2014; 9:e95449. [PMID: 24748058 PMCID: PMC3991677 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The evolution of bacterial consortia was studied in six semi-solid rye sourdoughs during long-term backslopping at different temperatures. Each rye sourdough was started spontaneously in a laboratory (dough yield 200), propagated at either 20°C or 30°C, and renewed daily at an inoculation rate of 1∶10 for 56 days. The changes in bacterial diversity over time were followed by both DGGE coupled with partial 16S rRNA gene sequencing and pyrosequencing of bar-coded 16S rRNA gene amplicons. Four species from the genus Lactobacillus (brevis, crustorum, plantarum, and paralimentarius) were detected in different combinations in all sourdoughs after 56 propagation cycles. Facultative heterofermentative lactic acid bacteria dominated in sourdoughs fermented at 30°C, while both obligate and facultative heterofermentative LAB were found to dominate in sourdoughs fermented at 20°C. After 56 propagation cycles, Kazachstania unispora (formerly Saccharomyces unisporus) was identified as the only yeast species that dominated in sourdoughs fermented at 20°C, while different combinations of strains from four yeast species (Kazachstania unispora, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida krusei and Candida glabrata) were detected in sourdoughs propagated at 30°C. The evolution of bacterial communities in sourdoughs fermented at the same temperature did not follow the same time course and changes in the composition of dominant and subdominant bacterial communities occurred even after six weeks of backslopping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Bessmeltseva
- Competence Center of Food and Fermentation Technologies, Tallinn, Estonia
- Department of Food Processing, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Ene Viiard
- Competence Center of Food and Fermentation Technologies, Tallinn, Estonia
- Department of Food Processing, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Jaak Simm
- Centre for Biology of Integrated Systems, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Toomas Paalme
- Competence Center of Food and Fermentation Technologies, Tallinn, Estonia
- Department of Food Processing, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Inga Sarand
- Competence Center of Food and Fermentation Technologies, Tallinn, Estonia
- Department of Food Processing, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
- Department of Gene Technology, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
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31
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Chen YS, Wu HC, Lo HY, Hsu WH, Lin WC, Lin BY. Isolation, Identification and Characterization of Lactic Acid Bacteria FromShao-jiou-luo(Fermented Zoned Cerith), a Traditional Fermented Food in Taiwan. JOURNAL OF AQUATIC FOOD PRODUCT TECHNOLOGY 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/10498850.2012.670191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Ramos M, Weber B, Gonçalves J, Santos G, Rema P, Ozório R. Dietary probiotic supplementation modulated gut microbiota and improved growth of juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2013; 166:302-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2013.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Revised: 06/19/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Identification, technological and safety characterization of Lactobacillus sakei and Lactobacillus curvatus isolated from Argentinean anchovies (Engraulis anchoita). SPRINGERPLUS 2013; 2:257. [PMID: 23807916 PMCID: PMC3685713 DOI: 10.1186/2193-1801-2-257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2012] [Accepted: 05/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the identification and characterization of Lactobacillus previously isolated from fresh anchovies (Engraulis anchoita) are investigated. 16S rDNA partial sequencing assigned all the isolates to belong to the Lactobacillus sakei/curvatus group. Fourteen out of 15 isolates were identified as L. sakei by phenotypic traits: they exhibited catalase activity and fermented melibiose, although only 10 of them hydrolyzed arginine. These results were confirmed by multiplex PCR-based restriction enzyme analysis with HindIII and by restriction fragment length polymorphic (RFLP) analysis of the 16S-23S rDNA intergenic spacer region with TaqI. Among identified isolates, four L. sakei strains and the sole L. curvatus strain showing sensitivity to chloramphenicol, erythromycin and tetracycline and exhibiting high tolerance to NaCl (10-18%) were unable to produce neither dextran nor biogenic amines. Based on technological and safety features, L. sakei SACB704 and L. curvatus SACB03a naturally present in fresh anchovies may be promising strains for the development of a starter culture to accelerate and control the fermentation of salt fermented anchovy-based products.
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Chen YS, Wu HC, Li YH, Leong KH, Pua XH, Weng MK, Yanagida F. Diversity of lactic acid bacteria in sian-sianzih (fermented clams), a traditional fermented food in Taiwan. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2012; 92:321-327. [PMID: 21800326 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.4578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2011] [Revised: 06/07/2011] [Accepted: 06/23/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sian-sianzih (fermented clams) is a popular traditional fermented food in Taiwan. The lactic acid bacteria (LAB) microflora in sian-sianzih have not been studied in detail. In this study, LAB from sian-sianzih were isolated, characterized and identified. RESULTS A total of 186 cultures of LAB were isolated from seven sian-sianzih samples and 29 cultures were isolated from its main raw substrate: clams. The identification results revealed up to 11 distinct bacterial species belonging to five genera in sian-sianzih, and three species belonging to two genera in clams. The most common bacterial genera in sian-sianzih were Lactobacillus and Weissella, followed by Leuconostoc, Pediococcus and Lactococcus. A regional similarity in LAB, with differences in diversity, was observed in the current study. On the other hand, Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis was the most common species found in raw clam samples. The results also suggested that greater LAB diversity could be observed in wild clams than in cultured ones. Furthermore, antibacterial activities of the isolates were determined, and one Weisella hellenica strain showed inhibitory activity against the indicator strain Lactobacilluas sakei JCM 1157(T) . A sensory assessment of seven sian-sianzih samples was also performed and the results indicated that diversity of LAB has a great effect on its aroma and taste formation. CONCLUSION The results demonstrate that various LAB species are distributed in sian-sianzih and have a great effect on the flavor of sian-sianzih.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-sheng Chen
- Department of Biotechnology, Ming Chuan University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
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35
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Changes in microbiota population during fermentation of narezushi as revealed by pyrosequencing analysis. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2012; 76:48-52. [PMID: 22232244 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.110424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Modern Japanese sushi is derived from an archetype, narezushi, which is made by the fermentation of salted fish with rice. Several studies have demonstrated that lactic acid bacteria are dominantly present in narezushi, but no studies have addressed how microbial composition changes during fermentation. In this study, we examined changes in the microbial population in aji (horse mackerel)-narezushi during fermentation by pyrosequencing the 16S ribosomal RNA gene (rDNA). Ribosomal Database Project Classifier analysis revealed that among the 53 genera present, the Lactobacillus population drastically increased during fermentation, while the populations of other bacteria remained unchanged. Basic Local Alignment Search Tool analysis revealed that L. plantarum and L. brevis were the major species. Comparison with other fermented food microbiota indicated high product-dependency of the bacterial composition, which might have been due to the starter-free fermentation process.
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36
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Samuel A, Miranda JM, Guarddon M, Nebot CG, Calo-Mata MP, Cepeda A, Franco CM. Molecular characterization of lactic acid bacteria isolated from beef and stored using vacuum-packaging and advanced vacuum skin packaging systems Caracterización molecular de bacterias ácido-lácticas aisladas a partir de carne de ternera envasada al vacío de modo tradicional y mediante un sistema avanzado. CYTA - JOURNAL OF FOOD 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/19476337.2011.604136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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37
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Koyanagi T, Kiyohara M, Matsui H, Yamamoto K, Kondo T, Katayama T, Kumagai H. Pyrosequencing survey of the microbial diversity of ‘narezushi’, an archetype of modern Japanese sushi. Lett Appl Microbiol 2011; 53:635-40. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-765x.2011.03155.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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38
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Pérez-Sánchez T, Balcázar JL, García Y, Halaihel N, Vendrell D, de Blas I, Merrifield DL, Ruiz-Zarzuela I. Identification and characterization of lactic acid bacteria isolated from rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), with inhibitory activity against Lactococcus garvieae. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2011; 34:499-507. [PMID: 21535012 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2011.01260.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
A study was conducted to evaluate the probiotic properties of endogenous rainbow trout microbiota against pathogenic Lactococcus garvieae. A total of 335 bacterial strains were isolated from rainbow trout and screened for antagonistic activity against L. garvieae using an agar spot assay. Antagonistic strains were grouped by PCR amplification of repetitive bacterial DNA elements (rep-PCR) and identified by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. The results revealed that the antagonistic strains belonged to the genera Lactobacillus, Lactococcus and Leuconostoc. Further probiotic characteristics, such as specific growth rate, doubling time, resistance to biological barriers, antibiotic resistance, hydrophobicity and production of antimicrobial substances, were also studied. These strains were able to survive low pH and high bile concentrations, showed good adherence characteristics and a broad spectrum of antibiotic resistance. The antagonistic efficacy was maintained after sterile filtration and was sensitive to proteinase K, indicating that proteinaceous extracellular inhibitory compounds were at least partially responsible for pathogen antagonism. Based on these results, these strains should be further studied to explore their probiotic effects in challenge experiments in vivo. This study shows clear evidence that the indigenous trout-associated microbiota may provide a defensive barrier against L. garvieae.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Pérez-Sánchez
- Laboratory of Fish Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.
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NANDA DHIRAJK, TOMAR SUDHIRK, SINGH RAMESHWAR, MAL GORAKH, SINGH PRASHANT, ARORA DILIPK, JOSHI BK, CHAUDHARY REETI, KUMAR DINESH. Phenotypic and genotypic characterisation of Lactobacilli isolated from camel cheese produced in India. INT J DAIRY TECHNOL 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-0307.2011.00695.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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40
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The title of the article: effects on growth and digestive enzyme activities of the Hepialus gonggaensis larvae caused by introducing probiotics. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-010-0486-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Pérez T, Balcázar JL, Ruiz-Zarzuela I, Halaihel N, Vendrell D, de Blas I, Múzquiz JL. Host-microbiota interactions within the fish intestinal ecosystem. Mucosal Immunol 2010; 3:355-60. [PMID: 20237466 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2010.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Teleost fish are in direct contact with the aquatic environment, and are therefore in continual contact with a complex and dynamic microbiota, some of which may have implications for health. Mucosal surfaces represent the main sites in which environmental antigens and intestinal microbiota interact with the host. Thus, the gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALT) must develop mechanisms to discriminate between pathogenic and commensal microorganisms. Colonization of intestinal mucosal surfaces with a normal microbiota has a positive effect on immune regulatory functions of the gut, and disturbance in these immune regulatory functions by an imbalanced microbiota may contribute to the development of diseases. Significant attention has therefore been recently focused on the role of probiotics in the induction or restoration of a disturbed microbiota to its normal beneficial composition. Given this, this article explores the fascinating relationship between the fish immune system and the bacteria that are present in its intestinal microbiota, focusing on the bacterial effect on the development of certain immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Pérez
- Laboratory of Fish Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
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42
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Belfiore C, Björkroth J, Vihavainen E, Raya R, Vignolo G. Characterization of Leuconostoc strains isolated from fresh anchovy (Engraulis anchoita). J GEN APPL MICROBIOL 2010; 56:175-80. [DOI: 10.2323/jgam.56.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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43
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Isolation of Vibrio alginolyticus and Vibrio splendidus from captive-bred seahorses with disease symptoms. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2009; 97:207-10. [DOI: 10.1007/s10482-009-9398-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2009] [Accepted: 11/05/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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44
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WENG P, WU Z, SHEN X, LIU P. A NEW CLEANER PRODUCTION TECHNIQUE OF PICKLE MUSTARD TUBER AT LOW SALINITY BY LACTIC ACID BACTERIA. J FOOD PROCESS ENG 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4530.2009.00528.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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45
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Tanganurat W, Quinquis B, Leelawatcharamas V, Bolotin A. Genotypic and phenotypic characterization of Lactobacillus plantarum strains isolated from Thai fermented fruits and vegetables. J Basic Microbiol 2009; 49:377-85. [PMID: 19219901 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.200800185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Ten Lactobacillus strains originally isolated from Thai fruits and vegetables fermentation were characterized by various phenotypic and genotypic methods. The phenotypic analysis using the method of carbohydrate fermentation patterns (API50CHL) revealed that the isolates belonged to the L. plantarum species. This was further confirmed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) revealed a strongly clonal population structure and a low genotypic diversity in this collection. However, the analyzed L. plantarum population demonstrated a higher level of diversification after API50CHL that reflects the role of available carbohydrate sources in bacterial evolution. Our results support the postulate that a combination of conventional biochemical and genotyping methods allows a thorough characterization and identification of isolates. We propose that genotypic characterization could be complemented by biochemical characterization to discriminate L. plantarum strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winee Tanganurat
- Department of Biotechnology, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
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46
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Yu J, Sun Z, Liu W, Zhang J, Sun T, Bao Q, Zhang H. Rapid identification of lactic acid bacteria isolated from home-made fermented milk in Tibet. J GEN APPL MICROBIOL 2009; 55:181-90. [PMID: 19590145 DOI: 10.2323/jgam.55.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Fermented milk is a very delicious and nutritional food distributed in the international markets. Rapid preliminary identification of lactic acid bacteria to the species level is an important issue for the fermentation industry. One hundred seventy-one strains of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were isolated from twenty-nine kurut samples and fifteen traditional fermented mongolian cattle milk (FMCM) samples in Tibet, China. All of the strains were isolated and divided into bacilli or cocci by phenotype, and then differentiated by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis using a set of restriction enzymes, AluI, HaeIII, BsmaI, TspRI and HinfI. Restriction pattern analyses indicated that the lactobacilli could be clearly identified at the species level and the LAB cocci at the genera level by the five restriction enzymes. Further studies on 16S rDNA sequences of representative and undefined strains showed that the combination of RFLP analysis of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for amplifying 16S rDNA and 16S rDNA sequence analysis is rapid, easy to perform, and effective for large-scale preliminary identification of LAB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yu
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, PRC
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47
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Prashant, Tomar SK, Singh R, Gupta SC, Arora DK, Joshi BK, Kumar D. Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of lactobacilli from Churpi cheese. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1051/dst/2009029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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48
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49
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Loch TP, Xu W, Fitzgerald SM, Faisal M. Isolation of a Carnobacterium maltaromaticum- like bacterium from systemically infected lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis). FEMS Microbiol Lett 2009; 288:76-84. [PMID: 18793198 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2008.01338.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein we report on the first isolation of a Carnobacterium maltaromaticum-like bacterium from kidneys and swim bladders of lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) caught from Lakes Michigan and Huron, Michigan. Isolates were Gram-positive, nonmotile, facultatively anaerobic, asporogenous rods that did not produce catalase, cytochrome oxidase, or H2S, and did not grow on acetate agar. Except for carbohydrate fermentation, many phenotypic characteristics of lake whitefish isolates coincided with those of C. maltaromaticum, the causative agent of pseudokidney disease. Partial sequencing of 16S and 23S rRNA genes, as well as the piscicolin 126 precursor gene, yielded 97% and 98% nucleotide matches with C. maltaromaticum, respectively (accession numbers EU546836 and EU546837; EU643471). Phylogenetic analyses showed that lake whitefish isolates of this study are highly related, yet not fully identical to C. maltaromaticum. The presence of the C. maltaromaticum-like bacterium was associated with splenomegaly, renal and splenic congestion, and thickening of the swim bladder wall with accumulation of a mucoid exudate. Examination of stained tissue sections revealed renal and splenic congestion, vacuolation and bile stasis within the liver, and hyperplasia within the epithelial lining of the swim bladder. The concurrent presence of pathological changes and the C. maltaromaticum-like bacteria suggests that this bacterium is pathogenic to lake whitefish.
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50
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Buim MR, Buzinhani M, Yamaguti M, Oliveira RC, Mettifogo E, Timenetsky J, Ferreira AJP. Intraspecific variation in 16S rRNA gene of Mycoplasma synoviae determined by DNA sequencing. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2008; 33:15-23. [PMID: 18775565 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2008.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/21/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Mycoplasma synoviae (MS) is an important avian pathogen may cause both respiratory disease and joint inflammation synovitis in poultry, causing economic losses to the Brazilian poultry industry. The genotypic variation in 16S rRNA gene is unknown. Partial sequences of 16S rRNA gene of 19 strains of M. synoviae were sequenced and analyzed in order to obtain molecular characterization and evaluation of the genetic variability of strains from distinct Brazilian areas of poultry production. Different polymorphic patterns were observed. The number of polymorphic alterations in the studied strains ranged from 0 to 6. The nucleotide variations, including deletion, insertion and substitutions, ranged from 3 to 5. The genotypic diversity observed in this study may be explained by spontaneous mutations that may occur when a lineage remains in the same flock for long periods. The culling and reposition in poultry flocks may be responsible for the entry of new strains in different areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos R Buim
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas II, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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