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Valério-Bolas A, Meunier M, Palma-Marques J, Rodrigues A, Santos AM, Nunes T, Ferreira R, Armada A, Alves JC, Antunes W, Cardoso I, Mesquita-Gabriel S, Lobo L, Alexandre-Pires G, Marques L, Pereira da Fonseca I, Santos-Gomes G. Exploiting Leishmania-Primed Dendritic Cells as Potential Immunomodulators of Canine Immune Response. Cells 2024; 13:445. [PMID: 38474410 DOI: 10.3390/cells13050445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) capture pathogens and process antigens, playing a crucial role in activating naïve T cells, bridging the gap between innate and acquired immunity. However, little is known about DC activation when facing Leishmania parasites. Thus, this study investigates in vitro activity of canine peripheral blood-derived DCs (moDCs) exposed to L. infantum and L. amazonensis parasites and their extracellular vesicles (EVs). L. infantum increased toll-like receptor 4 gene expression in synergy with nuclear factor κB activation and the generation of pro-inflammatory cytokines. This parasite also induced the expression of class II molecules of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and upregulated co-stimulatory molecule CD86, which, together with the release of chemokine CXCL16, can attract and help in T lymphocyte activation. In contrast, L. amazonensis induced moDCs to generate a mix of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, indicating that this parasite can establish a different immune relationship with DCs. EVs promoted moDCs to express class I MHC associated with the upregulation of co-stimulatory molecules and the release of CXCL16, suggesting that EVs can modulate moDCs to attract cytotoxic CD8+ T cells. Thus, these parasites and their EVs can shape DC activation. A detailed understanding of DC activation may open new avenues for the development of advanced leishmaniasis control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Valério-Bolas
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM), Associate Laboratory in Translation and Innovation towards Global Health, LA-REAL, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical (IHMT), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa (UNL), 1349-008 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Mafalda Meunier
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM), Associate Laboratory in Translation and Innovation towards Global Health, LA-REAL, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical (IHMT), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa (UNL), 1349-008 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Joana Palma-Marques
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM), Associate Laboratory in Translation and Innovation towards Global Health, LA-REAL, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical (IHMT), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa (UNL), 1349-008 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Armanda Rodrigues
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM), Associate Laboratory in Translation and Innovation towards Global Health, LA-REAL, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical (IHMT), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa (UNL), 1349-008 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Margarida Santos
- Divisão de Medicina Veterinária, Guarda Nacional Republicana, 1200-771 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Telmo Nunes
- Microscopy Center, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rui Ferreira
- Banco de Sangue Animal (BSA), 4100-462 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Armada
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM), Associate Laboratory in Translation and Innovation towards Global Health, LA-REAL, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical (IHMT), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa (UNL), 1349-008 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - João Carlos Alves
- Divisão de Medicina Veterinária, Guarda Nacional Republicana, 1200-771 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Wilson Antunes
- Unidade Militar Laboratorial de Defesa Biológica e Química (UMLDBQ), 1849-012 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Inês Cardoso
- Banco de Sangue Animal (BSA), 4100-462 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sofia Mesquita-Gabriel
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM), Associate Laboratory in Translation and Innovation towards Global Health, LA-REAL, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical (IHMT), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa (UNL), 1349-008 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Lis Lobo
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM), Associate Laboratory in Translation and Innovation towards Global Health, LA-REAL, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical (IHMT), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa (UNL), 1349-008 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Graça Alexandre-Pires
- CIISA, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1649-004 Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 1200-771 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Luís Marques
- BioSystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon-FCUL-BioISI Ce3CE, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Isabel Pereira da Fonseca
- CIISA, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1649-004 Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 1200-771 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Gabriela Santos-Gomes
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM), Associate Laboratory in Translation and Innovation towards Global Health, LA-REAL, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical (IHMT), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa (UNL), 1349-008 Lisbon, Portugal
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2
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da Matta VLR, Gonçalves AN, Gomes CMC, Chouman IH, Ferreira FM, Campos MB, Lima LV, Vasconcelos dos Santos T, Ramos PK, Furtado RR, Laurenti MD, Corbett CEP, Nakaya HI, Silveira FT. Gene Signatures of Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Clinical-Immunological Profiles of Human Infection by Leishmania (L.) chagasi in Amazonian Brazil. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11030653. [PMID: 36985226 PMCID: PMC10058599 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11030653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Individuals infected with Leishmania (L.) chagasi may present different asymptomatic and symptomatic stages of infection, which vary in the clinical–immunological profiles that can be classified as asymptomatic infection (AI), subclinical resistant infection (SRI), indeterminate initial infection (III), subclinical oligosymptomatic infection (SOI), and symptomatic infection (SI) (=American visceral leishmaniasis, AVL). However, little is known about the molecular differences between individuals having each profile. Here, we performed whole-blood transcriptomic analyses of 56 infected individuals from Pará State (Brazilian Amazon), covering all five profiles. We then identified the gene signatures of each profile by comparing their transcriptome with those of 11 healthy individuals from the same area. Symptomatic individuals with SI (=AVL) and SOI profiles showed higher transcriptome perturbation when compared to those asymptomatic III, AI and SRI profiles, suggesting that disease severity may be associated with greater transcriptomic changes. Although the expression of many genes was altered on each profile, very few genes were shared among the profiles. This indicated that each profile has a unique gene signature. The innate immune system pathway was strongly activated only in asymptomatic AI and SRI profiles, suggesting the control of infection. In turn, pathways such as MHC Class II antigen presentation and NF-kB activation in B cells seemed to be specifically induced in symptomatic SI (=AVL) and SOI profiles. Moreover, cellular response to starvation was down-regulated in those symptomatic profiles. Overall, this study revealed five distinct transcriptional patterns associated to the clinical–immunological (symptomatic and asymptomatic) profiles of human L. (L.) chagasi-infection in the Brazilian Amazon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vania Lucia R. da Matta
- Laboratorio de Patologia de Molestias Infecciosas (LIM-50), Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 01246 903, Brazil
| | - André N. Gonçalves
- Laboratorio de Patologia de Molestias Infecciosas (LIM-50), Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 01246 903, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Maria C. Gomes
- Laboratorio de Patologia de Molestias Infecciosas (LIM-50), Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 01246 903, Brazil
| | - Islam H. Chouman
- Laboratorio de Patologia de Molestias Infecciosas (LIM-50), Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 01246 903, Brazil
| | - Frederico M. Ferreira
- Laboratorio de Patologia de Molestias Infecciosas (LIM-50), Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 01246 903, Brazil
| | - Marliane B. Campos
- Parasitology Department, Evandro Chagas Institute, Health Surveillance Secretary, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua 67030-000, Brazil
| | - Luciana V. Lima
- Parasitology Department, Evandro Chagas Institute, Health Surveillance Secretary, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua 67030-000, Brazil
| | - Thiago Vasconcelos dos Santos
- Parasitology Department, Evandro Chagas Institute, Health Surveillance Secretary, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua 67030-000, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Karla Ramos
- Parasitology Department, Evandro Chagas Institute, Health Surveillance Secretary, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua 67030-000, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo R. Furtado
- Parasitology Department, Evandro Chagas Institute, Health Surveillance Secretary, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua 67030-000, Brazil
| | - Marcia D. Laurenti
- Laboratorio de Patologia de Molestias Infecciosas (LIM-50), Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 01246 903, Brazil
| | - Carlos Eduardo P. Corbett
- Laboratorio de Patologia de Molestias Infecciosas (LIM-50), Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 01246 903, Brazil
| | - Helder I. Nakaya
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Ciencias Farmaceuticas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-220, Brazil
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo 05652-900, Brazil
- Correspondence: (H.I.N.); (F.T.S.)
| | - Fernando T. Silveira
- Parasitology Department, Evandro Chagas Institute, Health Surveillance Secretary, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua 67030-000, Brazil
- Tropical Medicine Nucleus, Pará Federal University, Belém 67030-000, Brazil
- Correspondence: (H.I.N.); (F.T.S.)
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Zoonotic Visceral Leishmaniasis: New Insights on Innate Immune Response by Blood Macrophages and Liver Kupffer Cells to Leishmania infantum Parasites. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11010100. [PMID: 35053098 PMCID: PMC8773027 DOI: 10.3390/biology11010100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
L. infantum is the aetiological agent of zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis (ZVL), a disease that affects humans and dogs. Leishmania parasites are well adapted to aggressive conditions inside the phagolysosome and can control the immune activation of macrophages (MØs). Although MØs are highly active phagocytic cells with the capacity to destroy pathogens, they additionally comprise the host cells for Leishmania infection, replication, and stable establishment in the mammal host. The present study compares, for the first time, the innate immune response to L. infantum infection of two different macrophage lineages: the blood macrophages and the liver macrophages (Kupffer cells, KC). Our findings showed that L. infantum takes advantage of the natural predisposition of blood-MØs to phagocyte pathogens. However, parasites rapidly subvert the mechanisms of MØs immune activation. On the other hand, KCs, which are primed for immune tolerance, are not extensively activated and can overcome the dormancy induced by the parasite, exhibiting a selection of immune mechanisms, such as extracellular trap formation. Altogether, KCs reveal a different pattern of response in contrast with blood-MØs when confronting L. infantum parasites. In addition, KCs response appears to be more efficient in managing parasite infection, thus contributing to the ability of the liver to naturally restrain Leishmania dissemination.
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4
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Kumari D, Singh K. Exploring the paradox of defense between host and Leishmania parasite. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 102:108400. [PMID: 34890999 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis, a neglected tropical disease, still remains a global concern for the healthcare sector. The primary causative agents of the disease comprise diverse leishmanial species, leading to recurring failures in disease diagnosis and delaying the initiation of appropriate chemotherapy. Various species of the Leishmania parasite cause diverse clinical manifestations ranging from skin ulcers to systemic infections. Therefore, host immunity in response to different forms of infecting species of Leishmania becomes pivotal in disease progression or regression. Thus, understanding the paradox of immune arsenals during host and parasite interface becomes crucial to eliminate this deadly disease. In the present review, we have elaborated on the immunological perspectives of the disease and discussed primary host immune cells that form a defense line to counteract parasite infection. Furthermore, we also have shed light on the immune cells and effector molecules responsible for parasite survival in host lethal milieu/ environment. Next, we have highlighted recent molecules/compounds showing potent leishmanicidal activities pertaining to their pro-oxidant and immuno-modulatory mechanisms. This review addresses an immuno-biological overview of the factors influencing the parasitic disease, as this knowledge can aid in the unraveling/ identification of potential biomarkers, novel therapeutics, and vaccine candidates against leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diksha Kumari
- Infectious Diseases Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Kuljit Singh
- Infectious Diseases Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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5
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Gomes RS, Silva MVT, Oliveira MAP, Joosten LAB, Ribeiro-Dias F. Protective immune response mediated by neutrophils in experimental visceral leishmaniasis is enhanced by IL-32γ. Cell Immunol 2021; 371:104449. [PMID: 34784560 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2021.104449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils are important cells in protection against microbial infections including visceral leishmaniasis (VL). It is well known that IL-32γ increases the protective T helper 17 cell mediated immune response against Leishmania infantum. Thus, in this study we evaluated whether IL-32 γ can increase the protective role of neutrophils against VL. In comparison with wild type (WT) mice, transgenic mice for human IL-32 γ (IL-32 γ Tg) presented a higher frequency and absolute number of neutrophils in both spleen and liver after the establishment of L. infantum infection. The IL-32 concentrations correlated with neutrophil numbers in the infected tissues. The IL-32 γ -induced recruitment of neutrophils was dependent on IL-17, since inhibition of Th17 T cells generation and IL-17 production with digoxin treatment reversed the effects of IL-32 γ. In murine neutrophils, the presence of IL-32 γ enhanced the phagocytosis of L. infantum via CR3. In addition, murine IL-32 γ Tg neutrophils were able to kill L. infantum due to the increased production of ROS when compared with WT neutrophils. In fact, IL-32 γ Tg mice lost their ability to control infection by L. infantum when neutrophils were depleted. In parallel, treatment of human neutrophils with recombinant IL-32 γ increased phagocytosis and ROS-dependent killing of L. infantum, similarly to murine IL-32 γ Tg neutrophils. The data show that IL-32 γ induces neutrophil recruitment to organs affected by VL and increases phagocytosis and killing of L. infantum by neutrophils. Together, data indicate the pivotal axis IL-32 γ -Th17-neutrophils to control VL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Saar Gomes
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Leo A B Joosten
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center of Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Fátima Ribeiro-Dias
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil.
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6
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Kupani M, Pandey RK, Mehrotra S. Neutrophils and Visceral Leishmaniasis: Impact on innate immune response and cross-talks with macrophages and dendritic cells. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:2255-2267. [PMID: 33345353 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils with their array of microbicidal activities are the first innate immune cells to guard against infection. They are also most crucial for the host's initial defense against Leishmania parasites which cause clinically diverse diseases ranging from self-healing cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) to a more severe visceral form, visceral leishmaniasis (VL). Neutrophils are recruited in large numbers at the infection site after bite of sandfly, which is the vector for the disease. The initial interaction of neutrophils with the parasites may modulate the subsequent innate and adaptive immune responses and hence affect the disease outcome. The purpose of this review is to comprehensively appraise the role of neutrophils during the early stages of Leishmania infection with a focus on the visceral form of the disease. In the past decade, new insights regarding the role of neutrophils in VL have surfaced which have been extensively elaborated in the present review. In addition, since much of the information regarding neutrophil-Leishmania early interaction has accumulated through studies on mouse models of CL, these studies are also revisited. We begin by reviewing the factors which drive the recruitment of neutrophils at the site of injection by the sandfly. We then discuss the studies delineating the molecular mechanisms involved in the uptake of the Leishmania parasite by neutrophils and how the parasite subverts their microbicidal functions. In the end, the interaction of infected neutrophils with macrophages and dendritic cells is summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manu Kupani
- Department of Human Genetics, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Rajeev K Pandey
- Research & Development, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Sanjana Mehrotra
- Department of Human Genetics, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
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7
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Bardagí M, Monaco M, Fondevila D. Sterile or nonantibiotic-responsive pustular dermatitis and canine leishmaniosis: a 14 case series description and a statistical association study on 2420 cases. Vet Dermatol 2020; 31:197-e41. [PMID: 31960512 DOI: 10.1111/vde.12828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Background - No striking clinical and histopathological features of pustular dermatitis (PustD) in dogs suffering from canine leishmaniosis (CanL) have been identified; an association between CanL and PustD has not been demonstrated. Objectives - To characterize a series of dogs affected by CanL and pruritic PustD, and to evaluate a possible association between the two conditions. Conclusions - An association exists between PustD and CanL. At least in Leishmania-endemic areas, CanL should be ruled out before attempting an immunosuppressive treatment in dogs with PustD with the aforementioned characteristics. Staging of CanL through diagnostic procedures besides immunohistochemistry and PCR is recommended. Anti-leishmania treatment and short-to-medium courses of low-dose anti-inflammatory or immunomodulatory drugs are effective in controlling the clinical signs of PustD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mar Bardagí
- Ars Veterinaria, Carrer dels Cavallers, 37, Barcelona, 08034, Spain.,Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Moira Monaco
- Veterinaria Lido, via Alessandro Piola Caselli 49/51, Rome, 00122, Italy
| | - Dolors Fondevila
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
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8
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Oualha R, Barhoumi M, Marzouki S, Harigua-Souiai E, Ben Ahmed M, Guizani I. Infection of Human Neutrophils With Leishmania infantum or Leishmania major Strains Triggers Activation and Differential Cytokines Release. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2019; 9:153. [PMID: 31134162 PMCID: PMC6524560 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniases are neglected diseases, caused by intracellular protozoan parasites of the Leishmania (L.) genus. Although the principal host cells of the parasites are macrophages, neutrophils are the first cells rapidly recruited to the site of parasites inoculation, where they play an important role in the early recognition and elimination of the parasites. The nature of early interactions between neutrophils and Leishmania could influence the outcome of infection. Herein we aimed to evaluate whether different Leishmania strains, responsible for distinct clinical manifestations, could influence ex vivo functional activity of neutrophils. Human polymorphonuclear leukocytes were isolated from 14 healthy volunteers and the ex vivo infection of these cells was done with two L. infantum and one L. major strains. Infection parameters were determined and neutrophils activation was assessed by oxidative burst, degranulation, DNA release and apoptosis; cytokine production was measured by a multiplex flow cytometry analysis. Intracellular amastigotes were rescued to determine Leishmania strains survival. The results showed that L. infantum and L. major promastigotes similarly infected the neutrophils. Oxidative burst, neutrophil elastase, myeloperoxidase activity and apoptosis were significantly increased in infected neutrophils but with no differences between strains. The L. infantum-infected neutrophils induced more DNA release than those infected by L. major. Furthermore, Leishmania strains induced high amounts of IL-8 and stimulated the production of IL-1β, TNF-α, and TGF-β by human neutrophils. We observed that only one strain promoted IL-6 release by these neutrophils. The production of TNF-α was also differently induced by the parasites strains. All these results demonstrate that L. infantum and L. major strains were able to induce globally a similar ex vivo activation and apoptosis of neutrophils; however, they differentially triggered cytokines release from these cells. In addition, rescue of intracellular parasites indicated different survival rates further emphasizing on the influence of parasite strains within a species on the fate of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafeh Oualha
- Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology and Experimental Pathology - LR16IPT04, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia.,Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, Université de Carthage, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mourad Barhoumi
- Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology and Experimental Pathology - LR16IPT04, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Soumaya Marzouki
- Laboratory of Transmission, Control and Immunobiology of Infections - LR16IPT02, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Emna Harigua-Souiai
- Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology and Experimental Pathology - LR16IPT04, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Melika Ben Ahmed
- Laboratory of Transmission, Control and Immunobiology of Infections - LR16IPT02, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Ikram Guizani
- Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology and Experimental Pathology - LR16IPT04, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
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9
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Pereira MA, Alexandre-Pires G, Câmara M, Santos M, Martins C, Rodrigues A, Adriana J, Passero LFD, Pereira da Fonseca I, Santos-Gomes G. Canine neutrophils cooperate with macrophages in the early stages of Leishmania infantum in vitro infection. Parasite Immunol 2019; 41:e12617. [PMID: 30735568 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Leishmania infantum is the aetiological agent of human visceral leishmaniasis and canine leishmaniasis, both systemic and potentially fatal diseases. Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) are the first cells to phagocyte this parasite at the inoculation site, but macrophages (MØ) are the definitive host cells, ensuring parasite replication. The interaction between dog MØ, PMN and L infantum promastigotes was in vitro investigated. It was observed that promastigotes establish contact with blood monocyte-derived MØ mainly by the tip of the flagellum. These cells, that efficiently bind and internalize parasites, underwent major morphological changes, produced nitric oxide (NO) and released histone H1 in order to inactivate the parasite. Transfer of intracellular parasites from PMN to MØ was confirmed by flow cytometry, using L infantum expressing a green fluorescent protein. The interaction of MØ with L infantum-infected PMN lead to NO production and release of extracellular traps, which may contribute to parasite containment and inactivation. This study highlights for the first time the diversity of cellular and molecular events triggered by the interaction between canine PMN and MØ, which can promote a reduction of parasite burden in the early phase of L infantum infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Pereira
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM), Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical (IHMT), Universidade Nova de Lisboa (UNL), Lisboa, Portugal.,Instituto Politécnico de Portalegre (IPP), Portalegre, Portugal
| | - Graça Alexandre-Pires
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação em Sanidade Animal (CIISA), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária (FMV), Universidade de Lisboa (UL), Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Margarida Câmara
- Câmara Municipal de Évora, Serviço Veterinário Municipal, Évora, Portugal
| | - Marcos Santos
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação em Sanidade Animal (CIISA), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária (FMV), Universidade de Lisboa (UL), Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Catarina Martins
- CEDOC-Chronic Diseases Research Center, Immunology, NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Armanda Rodrigues
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM), Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical (IHMT), Universidade Nova de Lisboa (UNL), Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Jéssica Adriana
- Laboratory of Pathology of Infectious Diseases (LIM50), Department of Pathology, Medical School of São Paulo University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz Felipe D Passero
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo, Brazil.,São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute for Advanced Studies of Ocean, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Isabel Pereira da Fonseca
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação em Sanidade Animal (CIISA), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária (FMV), Universidade de Lisboa (UL), Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Gabriela Santos-Gomes
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM), Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical (IHMT), Universidade Nova de Lisboa (UNL), Lisboa, Portugal
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10
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Valério-Bolas A, Pereira M, Alexandre-Pires G, Santos-Mateus D, Rodrigues A, Rafael-Fernandes M, Gabriel A, Passero F, Santos-Gomes G. Intracellular and extracellular effector activity of mouse neutrophils in response to cutaneous and visceral Leishmania parasites. Cell Immunol 2019; 335:76-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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11
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Dog hepatocytes are key effector cells in the liver innate immune response to Leishmania infantum. Parasitology 2018; 146:753-764. [PMID: 30561285 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182018002068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocytes constitute the majority of hepatic cells, and play a key role in controlling systemic innate immunity, via pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) and by synthesizing complement and acute phase proteins. Leishmania infantum, a protozoan parasite that causes human and canine leishmaniasis, infects liver by establishing inside the Kupffer cells. The current study proposes the elucidation of the immune response generated by dog hepatocytes when exposed to L. infantum. Additionally, the impact of adding leishmanicidal compound, meglumine antimoniate (MgA), to parasite-exposed hepatocytes was also addressed. L. infantum presents a high tropism to hepatocytes, establishing strong membrane interactions. The possibility of L. infantum internalization by hepatocytes was raised, but not confirmed. Hepatocytes were able to recognize parasite presence, inducing PRRs [nucleotide oligomerization domain (NOD)1, NOD2 and Toll-like receptor (TLR)2] gene expression and generating a mix pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine response. Reduction of cytochrome P 450s enzyme activity was also observed concomitant with the inflammatory response. Addition of MgA increased NOD2, TLR4 and interleukin 10 gene expression, indicating an immunomodulatory role for MgA. Hepatocytes seem to have a major role in coordinating liver's innate immune response against L. infantum infection, activating inflammatory mechanisms, but always balancing the inflammatory response in order to avoid cell damage.
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Regli IB, Passelli K, Hurrell BP, Tacchini-Cottier F. Survival Mechanisms Used by Some Leishmania Species to Escape Neutrophil Killing. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1558. [PMID: 29250059 PMCID: PMC5715327 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are the most abundant leukocytes in human blood. Upon microbial infection, they are massively and rapidly recruited from the circulation to sites of infection where they efficiently kill pathogens. To this end, neutrophils possess a variety of weapons that can be mobilized and become effective within hours following infection. However, several microbes including some Leishmania spp. have evolved a variety of mechanisms to escape neutrophil killing using these cells as a basis to better invade the host. In addition, neutrophils are also present in unhealing cutaneous lesions where their role remains to be defined. Here, we will review recent progress in the field and discuss the different strategies applied by some Leishmania parasites to escape from being killed by neutrophils and as recently described for Leishmania mexicana, even replicate within these cells. Subversion of neutrophil killing functions by Leishmania is a strategy that allows parasite spreading in the host with a consequent deleterious impact, transforming the primary protective role of neutrophils into a deleterious one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivo B Regli
- Department of Biochemistry, WHO Immunology Research and Training Collaborative Center, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Katiuska Passelli
- Department of Biochemistry, WHO Immunology Research and Training Collaborative Center, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin P Hurrell
- Department of Biochemistry, WHO Immunology Research and Training Collaborative Center, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Fabienne Tacchini-Cottier
- Department of Biochemistry, WHO Immunology Research and Training Collaborative Center, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Canine neutrophils activate effector mechanisms in response to Leishmania infantum. Vet Parasitol 2017; 248:10-20. [PMID: 29173534 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2017.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Canine leishmaniosis caused by L. infantum is a severe zoonotic disease. Although macrophages are the definitive host cells, neutrophils are the first cells to encounter the parasite soon after its inoculation in the dermis by the phlebotomine vector. To study the interaction of dog neutrophils and L. infantum promastigotes, blood neutrophils were isolated from healthy donors and the infection was established in vitro. In the majority of the dogs, L. infantum was efficiently phagocytized by neutrophils, and oxidative (superoxide production) and non-oxidative (neutrophil elastase exocytosis) intracellular effector mechanisms were activated, but the release of neutrophil extracellular traps was minimized. Furthermore, promastigotes and culture supernatants induced neutrophil migration, but the prior contact with Leishmania inhibits chemotaxis, which might contribute to neutrophil retention at the inoculation site. Neutrophil-parasite interaction resulted in a decrease in parasite viability, although some intracellular promastigotes survive and maintain their proliferative capacity. These findings indicate that dog neutrophils are competent effector cells able to control the initial L. infantum infection. However, some parasites evade intracellular effector mechanisms and can be transferred to the definitive host cell, the macrophage, contributing to the development of canine leishmaniosis.
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Rodrigues A, Santos-Mateus D, Alexandre-Pires G, Valério-Bolas A, Rafael-Fernandes M, Pereira MA, Ligeiro D, de Jesus J, Alves-Azevedo R, Lopes-Ventura S, Santos M, Tomás AM, Pereira da Fonseca I, Santos-Gomes G. Leishmania infantum exerts immunomodulation in canine Kupffer cells reverted by meglumine antimoniate. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2017; 55:42-52. [PMID: 29127992 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2017.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Kupffer cells (KC) are the liver macrophage population that resides in the hepatic sinusoids and efficiently phagocyte pathogens by establishing an intimate contact with circulating blood. KC constitute the liver host cells in Leishmania infection, nevertheless little is described about their role, apart from their notable contribution in granulomatous inflammation. The present study aims to investigate how canine KC sense and react to the presence of Leishmania infantum promastigotes and amastigotes by evaluating the gene expression of specific innate immune cell receptors and cytokines, as well as the induction of nitric oxide and urea production. Complementarily, the impact of a leishmanicidal drug - meglumine antimoniate (MgA) - in infected KC was also explored. KC revealed to be susceptible to both parasite forms and no major differences were found in the immune response generated. L. infantum parasites seem to interact with KC innate immune receptors and induce an anergic state, promoting immune tolerance and parasite survival. The addition of MgA to infected KC breaks the parasite imposed silence and increased gene expression of Toll-like receptors (TLR) 2 and TLR4, possibly activating downstream pathways. Understanding how KC sense and react to parasite presence could bring new insights into the control or even elimination of canine leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Rodrigues
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, IHMT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, UNL, Rua da Junqueira 100, 1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - D Santos-Mateus
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, IHMT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, UNL, Rua da Junqueira 100, 1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - G Alexandre-Pires
- CIISA, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - A Valério-Bolas
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, IHMT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, UNL, Rua da Junqueira 100, 1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - M Rafael-Fernandes
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, IHMT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, UNL, Rua da Junqueira 100, 1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - M A Pereira
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, IHMT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, UNL, Rua da Junqueira 100, 1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - D Ligeiro
- IPST-Instituto Português do Sangue e da Transplantação - Centro do sangue e da transplantação de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - J de Jesus
- Laboratory of Pathology of Infectious Diseases (LIM50), Department of Pathology, Medical School of São Paulo University, Brazil
| | - R Alves-Azevedo
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, IHMT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, UNL, Rua da Junqueira 100, 1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - S Lopes-Ventura
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, IHMT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, UNL, Rua da Junqueira 100, 1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - M Santos
- CIISA, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - A M Tomás
- I3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, IBMC, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular and ICBAS, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - I Pereira da Fonseca
- CIISA, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - G Santos-Gomes
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, IHMT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, UNL, Rua da Junqueira 100, 1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal.
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Liévin-Le Moal V, Loiseau PM. Leishmania hijacking of the macrophage intracellular compartments. FEBS J 2015; 283:598-607. [PMID: 26588037 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Revised: 11/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Leishmania spp., transmitted to humans by the bite of the sandfly vector, are responsible for the three major forms of leishmaniasis, cutaneous, diffuse mucocutaneous and visceral. Leishmania spp. interact with membrane receptors of neutrophils and macrophages. In macrophages, the parasite is internalized within a parasitophorous vacuole and engages in a particular intracellular lifestyle in which the flagellated, motile Leishmania promastigote metacyclic form differentiates into non-motile, metacyclic amastigote form. This phenomenon is induced by Leishmania-triggered events leading to the fusion of the parasitophorous vacuole with vesicular members of the host cell endocytic pathway including recycling endosomes, late endosomes and the endoplasmic reticulum. Maturation of the parasitophorous vacuole leads to the intracellular proliferation of the Leishmania amastigote forms by acquisition of host cell nutrients while escaping host defense responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Liévin-Le Moal
- Anti-Parasitic Chemotherapy, Faculté de Pharmacie, CNRS, UMR 8076 BioCIS, Châtenay-Malabry, France.,Université Paris-Sud, Orsay, France.,Faculté de Pharmacie, Laboratory of Excellence in Research on Medication and Innovative Therapeutics (LabEx LERMIT), Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Philippe M Loiseau
- Anti-Parasitic Chemotherapy, Faculté de Pharmacie, CNRS, UMR 8076 BioCIS, Châtenay-Malabry, France.,Université Paris-Sud, Orsay, France.,Faculté de Pharmacie, Laboratory of Excellence in Research on Medication and Innovative Therapeutics (LabEx LERMIT), Châtenay-Malabry, France
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