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Reang L, Bhatt S, Tomar RS, Joshi K, Padhiyar S, Bhalani H, Kheni J, Vyas UM, Parakhia MV. Extremozymes and compatible solute production potential of halophilic and halotolerant bacteria isolated from crop rhizospheric soils of Southwest Saurashtra Gujarat. Sci Rep 2024; 14:15704. [PMID: 38977706 PMCID: PMC11231302 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63581-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Halophiles are one of the classes of extremophilic microorganisms that can flourish in environments with very high salt concentrations. In this study, fifteen bacterial strains isolated from various crop rhizospheric soils of agricultural fields along the Southwest coastline of Saurashtra, Gujarat, and identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing as Halomonas pacifica, H. stenophila, H. salifodinae, H. binhaiensis, Oceanobacillus oncorhynchi, and Bacillus paralicheniformis were investigated for their potentiality to produce extremozymes and compatible solute. The isolates showed the production of halophilic protease, cellulase, and chitinase enzymes ranging from 6.90 to 35.38, 0.004-0.042, and 0.097-0.550 U ml-1, respectively. The production of ectoine-compatible solute ranged from 0.01 to 3.17 mg l-1. Furthermore, the investigation of the ectoine-compatible solute production at the molecular level by PCR showed the presence of the ectoine synthase gene responsible for its biosynthesis in the isolates. Besides, it also showed the presence of glycine betaine biosynthetic gene betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase in the isolates. The compatible solute production by these isolates may be linked to their ability to produce extremozymes under saline conditions, which could protect them from salt-induced denaturation, potentially enhancing their stability and activity. This correlation warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Likhindra Reang
- Department of Biotechnology, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh, Gujarat, India
| | - Shraddha Bhatt
- Department of Biotechnology, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh, Gujarat, India.
| | - Rukam Singh Tomar
- Crop Improvement Section, ICAR - Directorate of Groundnut Research, Junagadh, Gujarat, India
| | - Kavita Joshi
- Department of Biotechnology, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh, Gujarat, India
| | - Shital Padhiyar
- Department of Biotechnology, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh, Gujarat, India
| | - Hiren Bhalani
- Department of Biotechnology, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh, Gujarat, India
| | - JasminKumar Kheni
- Department of Biotechnology, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh, Gujarat, India
| | - U M Vyas
- Main Oilseed Research Station, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh, Gujarat, India
| | - M V Parakhia
- Department of Biotechnology, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh, Gujarat, India
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Sharma J, Kumar S, Singh P, Kumar V, Verma S, Khyalia P, Sharma A. Emerging role of osmoprotectant glycine betaine to mitigate heavy metals toxicity in plants: a systematic review. Biol Futur 2024; 75:159-176. [PMID: 38183566 DOI: 10.1007/s42977-023-00198-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Heavy metals (HMs) toxicity has become one of the major global issues and poses a serious threat to the environment in recent years. HM pollution in agricultural soil is caused by metal mining, smelting, volcanic activity, industrial discharges, and excessive use of phosphate fertilizers. HMs above a threshold level adversely affect the cellular metabolism of plants by producing reactive oxygen species (ROS), which attack cellular proteins. There are different mechanisms (physiological and morphological) adopted by plants to survive in the era of abiotic stress. Various osmoprotectants or compatible solutes, including amino acids, sugar, and betaines, enable the plants to counteract the HM stress. Glycine betaine (GB) is an effective osmolyte against HM stress among compatible solutes. GB has been shown to improve plant growth, photosynthesis, uptake of nutrients, and minimize oxidative stress in plants under HM stress. Additionally, GB increases the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as CAT (catalase), SOD (superoxide dismutase), and POD (peroxidase), which are effective in scavenging unwarranted ROS. Since not all species of plants can naturally produce or accumulate GB in response to stress, various approaches have been explored for introducing them. Plant hormones like salicylic acid, ABA (abscisic acid), and JA (jasmonic acid) co-ordinately stimulate the accumulation of GB inside the cell under HM stress. Apart from the exogenous application, the introduction of GB pathway genes in GB deficient species via genetic engineering also seems to be efficient in mediating HM stress. This review complied the beneficial effects of GB in mitigating HM stress and its role as a plant growth regulator. Additionally, the review explores the potential for engineering GB biosynthesis in plants as a strategy to bolster their resilience to HMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Sharma
- Department of Botany, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, 124001, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Botany, Baba Mast Nath University, Rohtak, Haryana, 124001, India
| | - Pooja Singh
- Department of Botany, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, 124001, India
| | - Vikram Kumar
- Department of Botany, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, 124001, India
| | - Shivani Verma
- Department of Botany, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, 124001, India
| | - Pradeep Khyalia
- Department of Environmental Science, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, 124001, India
| | - Asha Sharma
- Department of Botany, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, 124001, India.
- Department of Botany, Baba Mast Nath University, Rohtak, Haryana, 124001, India.
- Department of Environmental Science, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, 124001, India.
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Baroi A, Ritu SA, Khan MSU, Uddin MN, Hossain MA, Haque MS. Abscisic acid and glycine betaine-mediated seed and root priming enhance seedling growth and antioxidative defense in wheat under drought. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30598. [PMID: 38742073 PMCID: PMC11089379 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The extent of drought tolerance in the seedlings of three wheat cultivars (WMRI-1, BARI GOM-33 and BARI GOM-21) was investigated by seed and root priming using abscisic acid (ABA) and glycine betaine (GB). The seeds were primed with ABA (10 and 20 μM) and GB (50 and 100 mM) and grown in pots maintaining control (0 % PEG) and drought (10 % PEG) conditions. Under drought, the root and shoot length, root and shoot biomass were significantly increased in ABA and GB primed seedlings than non-primed seedlings in all cultivars. Among the priming agents, either 20 μM ABA or 50 mM GB triggered better seedling growth in all wheat cultivars. These two levels were then applied with the nutrient solution in the hydroponics following four treatments: Control, Drought, Drought + ABA and Drought + GB. The seedling growth significantly declined in drought, while an improved seedling growth was observed in ABA and GB-treated plants in all cultivars. A considerable increase in lipid peroxidation, proline content, total antioxidant capacity and total flavonoid content in roots and leaves were recorded in all drought conditions, while these values were considerably reduced in ABA and GB treatments. Hierarchical clustering heatmap using stress tolerance index (STI) values showed that Drought + ABA and Drought + GB secured higher STI scores suggesting a greater degree of drought tolerance in all cultivars. In conclusion, seed and root priming of ABA and GB enhanced drought tolerance in the wheat seedlings by improving seedling growth and antioxidative defense suggesting a declined state of oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artho Baroi
- Department of Crop Botany, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Sadia Afroz Ritu
- Department of Crop Botany, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Shihab Uddine Khan
- Department of Crop Botany, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Nesar Uddin
- Department of Crop Botany, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Alamgir Hossain
- Department of Crop Botany, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Sabibul Haque
- Department of Crop Botany, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
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Wang X, Chen Z, Sui N. Sensitivity and responses of chloroplasts to salt stress in plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1374086. [PMID: 38693929 PMCID: PMC11061501 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1374086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Chloroplast, the site for photosynthesis and various biochemical reactions, is subject to many environmental stresses including salt stress, which affects chloroplast structure, photosynthetic processes, osmotic balance, ROS homeostasis, and so on. The maintenance of normal chloroplast function is essential for the survival of plants. Plants have developed different mechanisms to cope with salt-induced toxicity on chloroplasts to ensure the normal function of chloroplasts. The salt tolerance mechanism is complex and varies with plant species, so many aspects of these mechanisms are not entirely clear yet. In this review, we explore the effect of salinity on chloroplast structure and function, and discuss the adaptive mechanisms by which chloroplasts respond to salt stress. Understanding the sensitivity and responses of chloroplasts to salt stress will help us understand the important role of chloroplasts in plant salt stress adaptation and lay the foundation for enhancing plant salt tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Na Sui
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
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Dong X, Liu Y, Ma X, Wang S, Yang H, Gao X, Wang G, Wang H. Disclosing the effect of exogenous betaine on growth of Suaeda salsa (L.) Pall in the Liaohe coastal wetland, North China. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 198:115852. [PMID: 38043203 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Liaohe coastal wetland has experienced severe degradation of Suaeda salsa (L.) Pall (S. salsa) in recent years. However, the impact of exogenous betaine (GB) on S. salsa growth remains unclear. Therefore, we conducted a natural simulated cultivation in soils of coastal wetland to investigate the effects of GB on S. salsa growth. The results showed that GB increased the height and weight of S. salsa, and meanwhile stimulated the synthesis of endogenous betaine and amino acids, increased soluble sugars and elevated the activity of Na+, K+-ATPase (enhancing osmotic stability). In addition, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT) increased, and malondialdehyde (MDA) and H2O2 decreased correspondingly, thereby improving the antioxidant capacity. Overall, GB application significantly alleviated salt stress and effectively promoted S. salsa growth. This study first indicated the important role of GB in influencing S. salsa growth, offering potential strategies for remediation in coastal wetlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Dong
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, China
| | - Yu Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, China; Environmental Information Institute, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, China.
| | - Xiangfeng Ma
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, China
| | - Shuyuan Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, China
| | - Huanyu Yang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, China
| | - Xinjie Gao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, China
| | - Guoguang Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, China.
| | - Haixia Wang
- Navigation College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, China
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Moradi L, Siosemardeh A. Combination of seed priming and nutrient foliar application improved physiological attributes, grain yield, and biofortification of rainfed wheat. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1287677. [PMID: 38023831 PMCID: PMC10644532 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1287677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Seed priming and foliar application are two crop management practices that can increase grain yield and quality. The research aimed to assess the influence of seed priming and foliar application on rainfed wheat. Two field experiments with two seed priming rates (control and priming) and five foliar applications [control, urea (4%), silicon (4 mM), FeSO4.7H2O (0.6%), and ZnSO4.7H2O (0.4%)] at the anthesis/Z61 stage were conducted. Seeds were primed for 12 h at 25 ± 2°C, by soaking in an aerating solution [urea (20 g L-1) + FeSO4.7H2O (50 ppm) + ZnSO4.7H2O (50 ppm) + silicon (20 mg L-1)]. Seed weight-to-solution volume ratio was 1:5 (kg L-1). A pot experiment was also conducted to examine the effect of priming on root growth. Overall, combined seed priming and foliar application induced a positive impact on physiological traits and attributes. Maximum chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, and carotenoid concentrations (1.58, 0.669, 2.24, and 0.61 mg g-1 FW), membrane stability index (77.31%), superoxide dismutase and peroxidase activity (0.174 and 0.375 Unit mg-1 protein), 1,000-grain weight (35.30 g), biological yield, grain yield (8,061 and 2,456 kg ha-1), and minimum malondialdehyde concentration (3.91 µg g-1 FW) were observed in seed priming combination with ZnSO4 foliar application. The highest glycine betaine concentration (6.90 mg g-1 DW) and proline (972.8 µg g-1 FW) were recorded with the co-application of seed priming and foliar urea spraying. Foliar application of ZnSO4, FeSO4, and urea drastically enhanced grain Zn (29.17%), Fe (19.51%), and protein content (increased from 11.14% in control to 12.46% in urea foliar application), respectively. Compared to control, seed priming increased root length, root volume, and dry mass root by 8.95%, 4.31%, and 9.64%, respectively. It is concluded that adequate Zn, Fe, silicon, and N supply through seed priming and foliar applications of these compounds at the terminal stage of rainfed wheat alleviates drought stress and improves GY and biofortification.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adel Siosemardeh
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
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7
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Liu H, Todd JL, Luo H. Turfgrass Salinity Stress and Tolerance-A Review. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:925. [PMID: 36840273 PMCID: PMC9961807 DOI: 10.3390/plants12040925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Turfgrasses are ground cover plants with intensive fibrous roots to encounter different edaphic stresses. The major edaphic stressors of turfgrasses often include soil salinity, drought, flooding, acidity, soil compaction by heavy traffic, unbalanced soil nutrients, heavy metals, and soil pollutants, as well as many other unfavorable soil conditions. The stressors are the results of either naturally occurring soil limitations or anthropogenic activities. Under any of these stressful conditions, turfgrass quality will be reduced along with the loss of economic values and ability to perform its recreational and functional purposes. Amongst edaphic stresses, soil salinity is one of the major stressors as it is highly connected with drought and heat stresses of turfgrasses. Four major salinity sources are naturally occurring in soils: recycled water as the irrigation, regular fertilization, and air-borne saline particle depositions. Although there are only a few dozen grass species from the Poaceae family used as turfgrasses, these turfgrasses vary from salinity-intolerant to halophytes interspecifically and intraspecifically. Enhancement of turfgrass salinity tolerance has been a very active research and practical area as well in the past several decades. This review attempts to target new developments of turfgrasses in those soil salinity stresses mentioned above and provides insight for more promising turfgrasses in the future with improved salinity tolerances to meet future turfgrass requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Liu
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Jason L. Todd
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Hong Luo
- Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
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Hou R, Yang L, Wuyun T, Chen S, Zhang L. Genes related to osmoregulation and antioxidation play important roles in the response of Trollius chinensis seedlings to saline-alkali stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1080504. [PMID: 36778702 PMCID: PMC9911134 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1080504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Saline-alkali stress is one of the main abiotic stress factors affecting plant growth and development. Trollius chinensis is a perennial herbal medicinal plant with high values for garden application. However, its response and tolerance to saline-alkali stress is unclear. In this study, we mixed four salts (NaCl: Na2SO4: NaHCO3: Na2CO3) with a concentration ratio of 1:9:9:1, and applied low (40 and 80 mM) and high (120 and 160 mM) saline-alkali stress to analyze osmotic regulation substances, antioxidant systems and the gene expression of T. chinensis. Along with higher saline-alkali stress, the leaf relative water content (RWC) started to decrease only from high stress, while the malondialdehyde (MDA) content in leaves decreased continuously, and the contents of proline (Pro), soluble sugar (SS) and soluble protein (SP) increased compared with control. The activities of antioxidant enzymes and the contents of non-enzymatic antioxidants were increased positively with the accumulation of superoxide anion (O2 •-) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). For instance, the ascorbic acid-glutathione (AsA-GSH) cycle was enhanced in T. chinensis seedling leaves subject to saline-alkali stress. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) indicates that MDA, Pro, SS, SP, H2O2, O2 •-, and GSH are important indexes to evaluate the response and tolerance of T. chinensis to saline-alkali stress. Through RNA-Seq, a total of 474 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were found in plant under low saline-alkaline stress (40 mM, MSA1) vs. control. Among them, 364 genes were up-regulated and 110 genes were down-regulated. DEGs were extensively enriched in carbohydrate transport, transferase activity, zeatin biosynthesis, ABC transporters, and spliceosome. The transcription factor family MYB, BZIP, WRKY, and NAC were related to its saline-alkali tolerance. In addition, some DEGs encode key enzymes in the processes of osmoregulation and antioxidation, including betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (BADH), inositol monophosphatase (IMP), chloroperoxidase (CPO), thioredoxin (Trx), and germin-like protein (GLPs) were found. Overall, these findings provide new insights into the physiological changes and molecular mechanism of T. chinensis to saline-alkali stress and lay a foundation for application of T. chinensis in saline-alkali environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongmiao Hou
- College of Landscape and Architecture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Lizhi Yang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Tana Wuyun
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Shiyao Chen
- College of Landscape and Architecture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- College of Landscape and Architecture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Garden Plants, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
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Serapicos M, Afonso S, Gonçalves B, Silva AP. Exogenous Application of Glycine Betaine on Sweet Cherry Tree ( Prunus avium L.): Effects on Tree Physiology and Leaf Properties. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3470. [PMID: 36559582 PMCID: PMC9784700 DOI: 10.3390/plants11243470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Biostimulants, such as glycine betaine (GB), are a sustainable way to boost productivity and quality in fruit crops, even in adverse environment conditions. Sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) is an important crop, which is very sensitive to abiotic stress. Known primarily for its fruits, its leaves are also rich in bioactive substances, which, however, still have no commercial value. There are no studies about the effects of GB exogenous application on biochemical parameters of sweet cherry leaves and few studies about effects in sweet cherry tree physiology. This study was conducted in a Portuguese sweet cherry commercial orchard. Lapins sweet cherry trees were treated with a commercial product based on GB, at two different concentrations (0.25% and 0.40%). The applications were performed at three different phenological stages, according to the BBCH (Biologische Bundesanstalt, Bundessortenamt und Chemische Industrie) scale: 77, 81 and 86 BBCH. Both GB treatments improved leaf water status, photosynthetic pigments, soluble solids content, total phenolic contents, and antioxidant activity, resulting in better leaf water status regulation, greater photosynthetic capacity, and higher antioxidant activity. These results shows that GB can benefit sweet cherry tree physiology and provide new opportunities for sweet cherry leaves valorisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Serapicos
- Department of Agronomy, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Sílvia Afonso
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production (Inov4Agro), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Berta Gonçalves
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production (Inov4Agro), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Biology and Environment, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Ana Paula Silva
- Department of Agronomy, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production (Inov4Agro), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
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Trono D, Pecchioni N. Candidate Genes Associated with Abiotic Stress Response in Plants as Tools to Engineer Tolerance to Drought, Salinity and Extreme Temperatures in Wheat: An Overview. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11233358. [PMID: 36501397 PMCID: PMC9737347 DOI: 10.3390/plants11233358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Wheat represents one of the most important staple food crops worldwide and its genetic improvement is fundamental to meeting the global demand of the growing population. However, the environmental stresses, worsened by climate change, and the increasing deterioration of arable land make it very difficult to fulfil this demand. In light of this, the tolerance of wheat to abiotic stresses has become a key objective of genetic improvement, as an effective strategy to ensure high yields without increasing the cultivated land. Genetic erosion related to modern agriculture, whereby elite, high-yielding wheat varieties are the product of high selection pressure, has reduced the overall genetic diversity, including the allelic diversity of genes that could be advantageous for adaptation to adverse environmental conditions. This makes traditional breeding a less effective or slower approach to generating new stress-tolerant wheat varieties. Either mining for the diversity of not-adapted large germplasm pools, or generating new diversity, are the mainstream approaches to be pursued. The advent of genetic engineering has opened the possibility to create new plant variability and its application has provided a strong complement to traditional breeding. Genetic engineering strategies such as transgenesis and genome editing have then provided the opportunity to improve environmental tolerance traits of agronomic importance in cultivated species. As for wheat, several laboratories worldwide have successfully produced transgenic wheat lines with enhanced tolerance to abiotic stresses, and, more recently, significant improvements in the CRISPR/Cas9 tools available for targeted variations within the wheat genome have been achieved. In light of this, the present review aims to provide successful examples of genetic engineering applications for the improvement of wheat adaptation to drought, salinity and extreme temperatures, which represent the most frequent and most severe events causing the greatest losses in wheat production worldwide.
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Insights into the molecular aspects of salt stress tolerance in mycorrhizal plants. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 38:253. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-022-03440-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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12
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Biotechnological Advances to Improve Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Crops. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231912053. [PMID: 36233352 PMCID: PMC9570234 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231912053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The major challenges that agriculture is facing in the twenty-first century are increasing droughts, water scarcity, flooding, poorer soils, and extreme temperatures due to climate change. However, most crops are not tolerant to extreme climatic environments. The aim in the near future, in a world with hunger and an increasing population, is to breed and/or engineer crops to tolerate abiotic stress with a higher yield. Some crop varieties display a certain degree of tolerance, which has been exploited by plant breeders to develop varieties that thrive under stress conditions. Moreover, a long list of genes involved in abiotic stress tolerance have been identified and characterized by molecular techniques and overexpressed individually in plant transformation experiments. Nevertheless, stress tolerance phenotypes are polygenetic traits, which current genomic tools are dissecting to exploit their use by accelerating genetic introgression using molecular markers or site-directed mutagenesis such as CRISPR-Cas9. In this review, we describe plant mechanisms to sense and tolerate adverse climate conditions and examine and discuss classic and new molecular tools to select and improve abiotic stress tolerance in major crops.
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Alamer KH, Ali EF. Influence of foliar application of glycinebetaine on Tagetes erecta L yield cultivated under salinity conditions. BRAZ J BIOL 2022; 82:e256502. [PMID: 35239822 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.256502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tagetes genus of Composite family consider one of the most favorite floriculture plants. Therefore, of particular interest examine the salt tolerance of this bedding and coloring agent plant. In this research, was report the role of glycinebetaine (GB) in attenuating the adverse impacts of salt stress in African marigold plant, along with their anti-oxidative capacities and biochemical attributes. The salt stressed African marigold (100 and 150 mM NaCl) was treated with GB at 200 mM, beside untreated control plants. According to the obtained results, the growth characters were negatively in salt stressed plants but a mitigate impact of GB were observed in this respect. Obviously, the morphological as well as some physiological characters were reduced with salinity treatments while GB treatment reverses these effects. Overall, the alleviate impact of GB on the negative impact of salt stress was enhanced through improving total phenolic and antioxidant enzyme activity. Further, it is concluded that GB concentration induces the activities of antioxidative enzymes which scavenged ROS increased under saline conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- K H Alamer
- Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Science and Arts, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh 21911, Saudi Arabia
| | - E F Ali
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Horticulture (Floriculture), Faculty of Agriculture, Assuit University, Assuit, Egypt
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Samuels LJ, Setati ME, Blancquaert EH. Towards a Better Understanding of the Potential Benefits of Seaweed Based Biostimulants in Vitis vinifera L. Cultivars. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11030348. [PMID: 35161328 PMCID: PMC8839555 DOI: 10.3390/plants11030348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Globally, 7.4 million hectares of arable land is planted with grapevine with a farm gate value of $68.3 billion. The production of grapes faces growing pressure associated with challenges such as climate change, diminishing resources as well as the overuse of chemical fertilizers and synthetic pesticides, which have an impact on sustainability. Consequently, viticulture has over the years embraced and implemented various practices such integrated pest management, organic and biodynamic farming to curb the high chemical inputs typically used in conventional farming. Biostimulants and biofertilizers are considered environmentally friendly and cost-effective alternatives to synthetic fertilizers and plant growth regulators. Seaweed is of particular interest because of its availability globally. It was reported that brown seaweed (Ascophyllum spp.) improves plant growth and agricultural productivity, hormonal signalling, and an improved secondary plant metabolism. It also provides an alternative to soil supplementation, avoiding some of the negative effects of fertilizers through the leaching of nutrients into groundwater sources. This review aims to provide a summary of the use of seaweed extracts in grape production and their influence on grapevine physiology and stress adaptation mechanisms.
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Al-Mushhin AAM, Qari SH, Fakhr MA, Alnusairi GSH, Alnusaire TS, ALrashidi AA, Latef AAHA, Ali OM, Khan AA, Soliman MH. Exogenous Myo-Inositol Alleviates Salt Stress by Enhancing Antioxidants and Membrane Stability via the Upregulation of Stress Responsive Genes in Chenopodium quinoa L. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:2416. [PMID: 34834781 PMCID: PMC8623490 DOI: 10.3390/plants10112416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Myo-inositol has gained a central position in plants due to its vital role in physiology and biochemistry. This experimental work assessed the effects of salinity stress and foliar application of myo-inositol (MYO) on growth, chlorophyll content, photosynthesis, antioxidant system, osmolyte accumulation, and gene expression in quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa L. var. Giza1). Our results show that salinity stress significantly decreased growth parameters such as plant height, fresh and dry weights of shoot and root, leaf area, number of leaves, chlorophyll content, net photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration, and Fv/Fm, with a more pronounced effect at higher NaCl concentrations. However, the exogenous application of MYO increased the growth and photosynthesis traits and alleviated the stress to a considerable extent. Salinity also significantly reduced the water potential and water use efficiency in plants under saline regime; however, exogenous application of myo-inositol coped with this issue. MYO significantly reduced the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide, superoxide, reduced lipid peroxidation, and electrolyte leakage concomitant with an increase in the membrane stability index. Exogenous application of MYO up-regulated the antioxidant enzymes' activities and the contents of ascorbate and glutathione, contributing to membrane stability and reduced oxidative damage. The damaging effects of salinity stress on quinoa were further mitigated by increased accumulation of osmolytes such as proline, glycine betaine, free amino acids, and soluble sugars in MYO-treated seedlings. The expression pattern of OSM34, NHX1, SOS1A, SOS1B, BADH, TIP2, NSY, and SDR genes increased significantly due to the application of MYO under both stressed and non-stressed conditions. Our results support the conclusion that exogenous MYO alleviates salt stress by involving antioxidants, enhancing plant growth attributes and membrane stability, and reducing oxidative damage to plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina A. M. Al-Mushhin
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Humanities in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Sameer H. Qari
- Biology Department, Al-Jumum University College, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca 21955, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Marwa A. Fakhr
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Fayoum University, Fayoum 63514, Egypt;
- Plant Protection and Bimolecular Diagnosis Department, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Application (SRTA-city), New Borg El-Arab City 21934, Egypt
| | - Ghalia S. H. Alnusairi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Jouf University, Sakaka 2014, Saudi Arabia; (G.S.H.A.); (T.S.A.)
| | - Taghreed S. Alnusaire
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Jouf University, Sakaka 2014, Saudi Arabia; (G.S.H.A.); (T.S.A.)
| | - Ayshah Aysh ALrashidi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Hail, Hail 81411, Saudi Arabia;
| | | | - Omar M. Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Turabah University College, Turabah Branch, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Amir Abdullah Khan
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Mona H. Soliman
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt;
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, Al-Sharm, Yanbu El-Bahr, Yanbu 46429, Saudi Arabia
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16
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Riaz S, Hussain I, Ibrahim M, Rasheed R, Ashraf MA. Choline Chloride Mediates Salinity Tolerance in Cluster Bean ( Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.) by Improving Growth, Oxidative Defense, and Secondary Metabolism. Dose Response 2021; 19:15593258211055026. [PMID: 34819814 PMCID: PMC8606941 DOI: 10.1177/15593258211055026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Choline chloride (CC) application enhanced the tolerance of cluster bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.) against salinity stress. The aim of the study was to determine the protective role of CC on plant growth, photosynthesis, and biochemical indicators of oxidative stress. The seeds of BR-99 (tolerant) and BR-2017 (sensitive) were surface sterilized and sown in plastic pots containing river sandy soil. The design of the experiments was completely randomized with 4 replicates per treatment. Three weeks after germination, salinity (150 mM) was imposed. Then plants were sprayed with different concentrations of CC (3, 5, and 10 mM), while normal plants were sprayed with distilled water. Salinity decreased growth attributes, relative water contents, photosynthetic attributes, total soluble proteins, total free amino acids, phenolic, flavonoids, ascorbic acid, proline, and glycine betaine and increased the levels of oxidative stress indicators. However, the application of CC (particularly 5 mM) improved growth attributes, photosynthetic pigments, and activities of antioxidant compounds by reducing the levels of H2O2, malondialdehyde in salt-stressed plants in both cluster bean varieties. BR-99 variety showed more tolerance to salinity stress than that of BR-2017 in the form of greater oxidative defense and osmotic adjustment and clear from greater plant dry masses. Thus, our results showed that the application of CC (5 mM) is an efficient strategy for field use in the areas, where salt stress soils limit agriculture production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saima Riaz
- Department of Botany, Government College University, Faisalabad-Pakistan
| | - Iqbal Hussain
- Department of Botany, Government College University, Faisalabad-Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ibrahim
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Rizwan Rasheed
- Department of Botany, Government College University, Faisalabad-Pakistan
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Hameed A, Ahmed MZ, Hussain T, Aziz I, Ahmad N, Gul B, Nielsen BL. Effects of Salinity Stress on Chloroplast Structure and Function. Cells 2021; 10:2023. [PMID: 34440792 PMCID: PMC8395010 DOI: 10.3390/cells10082023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Salinity is a growing problem affecting soils and agriculture in many parts of the world. The presence of salt in plant cells disrupts many basic metabolic processes, contributing to severe negative effects on plant development and growth. This review focuses on the effects of salinity on chloroplasts, including the structures and function of these organelles. Chloroplasts house various important biochemical reactions, including photosynthesis, most of which are considered essential for plant survival. Salinity can affect these reactions in a number of ways, for example, by changing the chloroplast size, number, lamellar organization, lipid and starch accumulation, and interfering with cross-membrane transportation. Research has shown that maintenance of the normal chloroplast physiology is necessary for the survival of the entire plant. Many plant species have evolved different mechanisms to withstand the harmful effects of salt-induced toxicity on their chloroplasts and its machinery. The differences depend on the plant species and growth stage and can be quite different between salt-sensitive (glycophyte) and salt-tolerant (halophyte) plants. Salt stress tolerance is a complex trait, and many aspects of salt tolerance in plants are not entirely clear yet. In this review, we discuss the different mechanisms of salt stress tolerance in plants with a special focus on chloroplast structure and its functions, including the underlying differences between glycophytes and halophytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Hameed
- Dr. M. Ajmal Khan Institute for Sustainable Halophyte Utilization, University of Karachi, Sindh 75270, Pakistan; (A.H.); (M.Z.A.); (T.H.); (I.A.); (B.G.)
| | - Muhammad Zaheer Ahmed
- Dr. M. Ajmal Khan Institute for Sustainable Halophyte Utilization, University of Karachi, Sindh 75270, Pakistan; (A.H.); (M.Z.A.); (T.H.); (I.A.); (B.G.)
| | - Tabassum Hussain
- Dr. M. Ajmal Khan Institute for Sustainable Halophyte Utilization, University of Karachi, Sindh 75270, Pakistan; (A.H.); (M.Z.A.); (T.H.); (I.A.); (B.G.)
| | - Irfan Aziz
- Dr. M. Ajmal Khan Institute for Sustainable Halophyte Utilization, University of Karachi, Sindh 75270, Pakistan; (A.H.); (M.Z.A.); (T.H.); (I.A.); (B.G.)
| | - Niaz Ahmad
- Agricultural Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad 44000, Pakistan;
- Department of Biotechnology, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Science (PIEAS), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Bilquees Gul
- Dr. M. Ajmal Khan Institute for Sustainable Halophyte Utilization, University of Karachi, Sindh 75270, Pakistan; (A.H.); (M.Z.A.); (T.H.); (I.A.); (B.G.)
| | - Brent L. Nielsen
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
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18
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Engineering cereal crops for enhanced abiotic stress tolerance. PROCEEDINGS OF THE INDIAN NATIONAL SCIENCE ACADEMY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s43538-021-00006-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Niazian M, Sadat-Noori SA, Tohidfar M, Mortazavian SMM, Sabbatini P. Betaine Aldehyde Dehydrogenase ( BADH) vs. Flavodoxin ( Fld): Two Important Genes for Enhancing Plants Stress Tolerance and Productivity. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:650215. [PMID: 33868350 PMCID: PMC8047405 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.650215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Abiotic stresses, mainly salinity and drought, are the most important environmental threats that constrain worldwide food security by hampering plant growth and productivity. Plants cope with the adverse effects of these stresses by implementing a series of morpho-physio-biochemical adaptation mechanisms. Accumulating effective osmo-protectants, such as proline and glycine betaine (GB), is one of the important plant stress tolerance strategies. These osmolytes can trigger plant stress tolerance mechanisms, which include stress signal transduction, activating resistance genes, increasing levels of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants, protecting cell osmotic pressure, enhancing cell membrane integrity, as well as protecting their photosynthetic apparatus, especially the photosystem II (PSII) complex. Genetic engineering, as one of the most important plant biotechnology methods, helps to expedite the development of stress-tolerant plants by introducing the key tolerance genes involved in the biosynthetic pathways of osmolytes into plants. Betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (BADH) is one of the important genes involved in the biosynthetic pathway of GB, and its introduction has led to an increased tolerance to a variety of abiotic stresses in different plant species. Replacing down-regulated ferredoxin at the acceptor side of photosystem I (PSI) with its isofunctional counterpart electron carrier (flavodoxin) is another applicable strategy to strengthen the photosynthetic apparatus of plants under stressful conditions. Heterologous expression of microbially-sourced flavodoxin (Fld) in higher plants compensates for the deficiency of ferredoxin expression and enhances their stress tolerance. BADH and Fld are multifunctional transgenes that increase the stress tolerance of different plant species and maintain their production under stressful situations by protecting and enhancing their photosynthetic apparatus. In addition to increasing stress tolerance, both BADH and Fld genes can improve the productivity, symbiotic performance, and longevity of plants. Because of the multigenic and complex nature of abiotic stresses, the concomitant delivery of BADH and Fld transgenes can lead to more satisfying results in desired plants, as these two genes enhance plant stress tolerance through different mechanisms, and their cumulative effect can be much more beneficial than their individual ones. The importance of BADH and Fld genes in enhancing plant productivity under stress conditions has been discussed in detail in the present review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Niazian
- Field and Horticultural Crops Research Department, Kurdistan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Seyed Ahmad Sadat-Noori
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding Science, College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Tohidfar
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences & Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, G.C., Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Paolo Sabbatini
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
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Zhang K, Lyu W, Gao Y, Zhang X, Sun Y, Huang B. Choline-Mediated Lipid Reprogramming as a Dominant Salt Tolerance Mechanism in Grass Species Lacking Glycine Betaine. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 61:2018-2030. [PMID: 32931553 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcaa116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Choline, as a precursor of glycine betaine (GB) and phospholipids, is known to play roles in plant tolerance to salt stress, but the downstream metabolic pathways regulated by choline conferring salt tolerance are still unclear for non-GB-accumulating species. The objectives were to examine how choline affects salt tolerance in a non-GB-accumulating grass species and to determine major metabolic pathways of choline regulating salt tolerance involving GB or lipid metabolism. Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis) plants were subjected to salt stress (100 mM NaCl) with or without foliar application of choline chloride (1 mM) in a growth chamber. Choline or GB alone and the combined application increased leaf photochemical efficiency, relative water content and osmotic adjustment and reduced leaf electrolyte leakage. Choline application had no effects on the endogenous GB content and GB synthesis genes did not show responses to choline under nonstress and salt stress conditions. GB was not detected in Kentucky bluegrass leaves. Lipidomic analysis revealed an increase in the content of monogalactosyl diacylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine and a decrease in the phosphatidic acid content by choline application in plants exposed to salt stress. Choline-mediated lipid reprogramming could function as a dominant salt tolerance mechanism in non-GB-accumulating grass species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Zhang
- College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- Department of Plant Biology and Pathology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Weiting Lyu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Yanli Gao
- Department of Plant Biology and Pathology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Xiaxiang Zhang
- Department of Plant Biology and Pathology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Yan Sun
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Bingru Huang
- Department of Plant Biology and Pathology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
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Antonucci G, Croci M, Miras-Moreno B, Fracasso A, Amaducci S. Integration of Gas Exchange With Metabolomics: High-Throughput Phenotyping Methods for Screening Biostimulant-Elicited Beneficial Responses to Short-Term Water Deficit. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:678925. [PMID: 34140966 PMCID: PMC8204046 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.678925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Biostimulants are emerging as a feasible tool for counteracting reduction in climate change-related yield and quality under water scarcity. As they are gaining attention, the necessity for accurately assessing phenotypic variables in their evaluation is emerging as a critical issue. In light of this, high-throughput phenotyping techniques have been more widely adopted. The main bottleneck of these techniques is represented by data management, which needs to be tailored to the complex, often multifactorial, data. This calls for the adoption of non-linear regression models capable of capturing dynamic data and also the interaction and effects between multiple factors. In this framework, a commercial glycinebetaine- (GB-) based biostimulant (Vegetal B60, ED&F Man) was tested and distributed at a rate of 6 kg/ha. Exogenous application of GB, a widely accumulated and documented stress adaptor molecule in plants, has been demonstrated to enhance the plant abiotic stress tolerance, including drought. Trials were conducted on tomato plants during the flowering stage in a greenhouse. The experiment was designed as a factorial combination of irrigation (water-stressed and well-watered) and biostimulant treatment (treated and control) and adopted a mixed phenotyping-omics approach. The efficacy of a continuous whole-canopy multichamber system coupled with generalized additive mixed modeling (GAMM) was evaluated to discriminate between water-stressed plants under the biostimulant treatment. Photosynthetic performance was evaluated by using GAMM, and was then correlated to metabolic profile. The results confirmed a higher photosynthetic efficiency of the treated plants, which is correlated to biostimulant-mediated drought tolerance. Furthermore, metabolomic analyses demonstrated the priming effect of the biostimulant for stress tolerance and detoxification and stabilization of photosynthetic machinery. In support of this, the overaccumulation of carotenoids was particularly relevant, given their photoprotective role in preventing the overexcitation of photosystem II. Metabolic profile and photosynthetic performance findings suggest an increased effective use of water (EUW) through the overaccumulation of lipids and leaf thickening. The positive effect of GB on water stress resistance could be attributed to both the delayed onset of stress and the elicitation of stress priming through the induction of H2O2-mediated antioxidant mechanisms. Overall, the mixed approach supported by a GAMM analysis could prove a valuable contribution to high-throughput biostimulant testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Antonucci
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore (UCSC), Piacenza, Italy
- *Correspondence: Giulia Antonucci
| | - Michele Croci
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore (UCSC), Piacenza, Italy
| | - Begoña Miras-Moreno
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Research Centre for Nutrigenomics and Proteomics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Alessandra Fracasso
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore (UCSC), Piacenza, Italy
| | - Stefano Amaducci
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore (UCSC), Piacenza, Italy
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Song Q, You L, Liu Y, Zhang J, Yang X. Endogenous accumulation of glycine betaine confers improved low temperature resistance on transplastomic potato plants. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2020; 47:1105-1116. [PMID: 32690130 DOI: 10.1071/fp20059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Glycine betaine (GB) plays a crucial role in plant response to abiotic stress, and its accumulation in chloroplasts is more effective than in the cytosol in improving the resistance of transgenic plants. Here, we report that the codA gene from Arthrobacter globiformis, which encodes a choline oxidase catalysing the conversion of choline to GB, was successfully introduced into the plastid genome of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). Transgenic plants with plastid expression of codA showed increased tolerance to low temperature stress compared with the wild type (WT). Further studies revealed that under low temperature stress condition, transgenic plants presented a significantly higher photosynthetic performance by regulating the electron transport and energy distribution in PSII, and higher antioxidant enzyme activities and lower O2- and H2O2 accumulation than did the WT plants. A higher expression of the COR genes was also observed in transgenic plants. Our results suggest that chloroplast biosynthesis of GB could be an effective strategy for the engineering of plants with increased resistance to low temperature stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiping Song
- College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Lili You
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Jiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China; and Corresponding author. ;
| | - Xinghong Yang
- College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China; and Corresponding author. ;
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Hadia EH, Slama A, Romdhane L, M’hamed HC, Abodoma AH, Fahej MAS, Radhouane L. Morpho-physiological and molecular responses of two Libyan bread wheat cultivars to plant growth regulators under salt stress. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF AGRONOMY 2020. [DOI: 10.4081/ija.2020.1633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
To study the effects of salt stress and plant growth regulators (kinetin, gibberellic acid, potassium) on growth, yield, glycine betaine content, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) and ribulose biphosphate carboxylase (RBC) gene expression of two Libyan bread wheat varieties, a factorial design of greenhouse experiment with three replications was conducted. Results revealed that salt stress significantly reduced plant growth and productivity of both varieties. Moreover, the addition of kinetin + potassium and gibberellic acid + potassium had improved the performance of the morpho-metric parameters of both genotypes under salt stress; but the performance was more effective for kinetin treatment than for gibberellic acid. At the biochemical level, the results showed that salt stress increased glycine betaine contents in both varieties with different proportions. This increase is more elevated in the presence of kinetin + potassium than the treatment with gibberellic acid+ potassium, which showed an almost similar result as in only salt stress. At the molecular level, the effects of salt stress and plant growth regulators on the PEPC and RBC gene expression showed that the increase was significantly higher for kinetin, gibberellic acid, and salt stress when compared to the control.
Highlights - Salt stress reduced plant growth and productivity of bread wheat varieties. - Growth regulator improved the performance of the morphometric parameters. - The performance was more effective for kinetin treatment than for gibberellic acid. - Kinetin improved the glycine betaine gene expression more than gibberellic acid. - Kinetin increased significantly the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase and ribulose biphosphate carboxylase gene expression.
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Ali S, Abbas Z, Seleiman MF, Rizwan M, YAVAŞ İ, Alhammad BA, Shami A, Hasanuzzaman M, Kalderis D. Glycine Betaine Accumulation, Significance and Interests for Heavy Metal Tolerance in Plants. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E896. [PMID: 32679909 PMCID: PMC7412461 DOI: 10.3390/plants9070896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Unexpected biomagnifications and bioaccumulation of heavy metals (HMs) in the surrounding environment has become a predicament for all living organisms together with plants. Excessive release of HMs from industrial discharge and other anthropogenic activities has threatened sustainable agricultural practices and limited the overall profitable yield of different plants species. Heavy metals at toxic levels interact with cellular molecules, leading towards the unnecessary generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), restricting productivity and growth of the plants. The application of various osmoprotectants is a renowned approach to mitigate the harmful effects of HMs on plants. In this review, the effective role of glycine betaine (GB) in alleviation of HM stress is summarized. Glycine betaine is very important osmoregulator, and its level varies considerably among different plants. Application of GB on plants under HMs stress successfully improves growth, photosynthesis, antioxidant enzymes activities, nutrients uptake, and minimizes excessive heavy metal uptake and oxidative stress. Moreover, GB activates the adjustment of glutathione reductase (GR), ascorbic acid (AsA) and glutathione (GSH) contents in plants under HM stress. Excessive accumulation of GB through the utilization of a genetic engineering approach can successfully enhance tolerance against stress, which is considered an important feature that needs to be investigated in depth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shafaqat Ali
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Allama Iqbal Road, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (Z.A.); (M.R.)
- Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Zohaib Abbas
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Allama Iqbal Road, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (Z.A.); (M.R.)
| | - Mahmoud F. Seleiman
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Crop Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Menoufia University, Shibin El-kom 32514, Egypt
| | - Muhammad Rizwan
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Allama Iqbal Road, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (Z.A.); (M.R.)
| | - İlkay YAVAŞ
- Department of Plant and Animal Production, Kocarli Vocational High School, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, 09100 Aydın, Turkey;
| | - Bushra Ahmed Alhammad
- Biology Department, College of Science and Humanity Studies, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj Box 292, Riyadh 11942, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ashwag Shami
- Biology Department, College of Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11617, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mirza Hasanuzzaman
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh;
| | - Dimitris Kalderis
- Department of Electronics Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 73100 Chania, Crete, Greece;
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25
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Effect of Seaweed Extract on Productivity and Quality Attributes of Four Onion Cultivars. HORTICULTURAE 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae6020028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The excessive use of chemicals and inorganic fertilizers by farmers to increase crop yield is detrimental to the environment and human health. Application of biostimulants such as seaweed extract (SWE) in agriculture could be an effective and eco-friendly alternative to inorganic fertilizers. Biostimulants are natural organic degradable substances. Their application serves as a source of nutrition for crops, possibly improving growth and productivity when applied in combination with the fertilizers. The current study was conducted to evaluate the vegetative growth, reproductive behavior and quality attributes of four onion cultivars, ‘Lambada’, ‘Red Bone’, ‘Nasarpuri’, and ‘Phulkara’, in response to different concentrations of commercial SWE. Four levels of SWE extract were used, 0% (control), 0.5%, 1%, 2%, and 3%, which were applied as a foliar spray to each cultivar. The application of 0.5% SWE caused a significant increase in total soluble solids, mineral content (N, P, and K), bulb weight and yield. Application at 3% SWE increased ascorbic acid as compared to control. The cultivars responded in different ways regarding bulb dry weight and bulb and neck diameter. Among all cultivars, ‘Lambada’ showed the maximum bulb dry matter, ‘Phulkara’ showed enhanced neck diameter whereas ‘Red Bone’ showed maximum leaf length. It is concluded that 0.5% SWE increased the yield, nutrient contents, and total soluble solids (TSS) of the four onion cultivars whereas 3% SWE, the highest concentration, increased ascorbic acid in different onion cultivars.
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Correia S, Queirós F, Ferreira H, Morais MC, Afonso S, Silva AP, Gonçalves B. Foliar Application of Calcium and Growth Regulators Modulate Sweet Cherry ( Prunus avium L.) Tree Performance. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9040410. [PMID: 32224852 PMCID: PMC7238238 DOI: 10.3390/plants9040410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cracking of sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) fruits is caused by rain events close to harvest. This problem has occurred in most cherry growing regions with significant economic losses. Several orchard management practices have been applied to reduce the severity of this disorder, like the foliar application of minerals or growth regulators. In the present study, we hypothesized that preharvest spray treatments improve the physiological performance of sweet cherry trees and could also mitigate environmental stressful conditions. Effects of repeated foliar spraying of calcium (Ca), gibberellic acid (GA3), abscisic acid (ABA), salicylic acid (SA), glycine betaine (GB), and the biostimulant Ascophyllum nodosum (AN) on the physiological and biochemical performance of ‘Skeena’ sweet cherry trees during two consecutive years (without Ca in 2015 and in 2016 with addition of Ca) were studied. Results showed that in general spray treatments improved the physiological performance and water status of the trees. AN and ABA sprays were demonstrated to be the best compounds for increasing yield and reducing cherry cracking as well as improving photosynthetic performance and leaf metabolites content. In conclusion, AN and ABA might be promising tools in the fruit production system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Correia
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (H.F.); (M.C.M.); (S.A.); (A.P.S.); (B.G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Filipa Queirós
- National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinary Research (INIAV, I.P.), Pólo de Alcobaça, Estrada de Leiria, 2460-059 Alcobaça, Portugal;
| | - Helena Ferreira
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (H.F.); (M.C.M.); (S.A.); (A.P.S.); (B.G.)
| | - Maria Cristina Morais
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (H.F.); (M.C.M.); (S.A.); (A.P.S.); (B.G.)
| | - Sílvia Afonso
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (H.F.); (M.C.M.); (S.A.); (A.P.S.); (B.G.)
| | - Ana Paula Silva
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (H.F.); (M.C.M.); (S.A.); (A.P.S.); (B.G.)
| | - Berta Gonçalves
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (H.F.); (M.C.M.); (S.A.); (A.P.S.); (B.G.)
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Towards a Sustainable Agriculture: Strategies Involving Phytoprotectants against Salt Stress. AGRONOMY-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/agronomy10020194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Salinity is one of the main constraints for agriculture productivity worldwide. This important abiotic stress has worsened in the last 20 years due to the increase in water demands in arid and semi-arid areas. In this context, increasing tolerance of crop plants to salt stress is needed to guarantee future food supply to a growing population. This review compiles knowledge on the use of phytoprotectants of microbial origin (arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria), osmoprotectants, melatonin, phytohormones and antioxidant metabolism-related compounds as alleviators of salt stress in numerous plant species. Phytoprotectants are discussed in detail, including their nature, applicability, and role in the plant in terms of physiological and phenotype effects. As a result, increased crop yield and crop quality can be achieved, which in turn positively impact food security. Herein, efforts from academic and industrial sectors should focus on defining the treatment conditions and plant-phytoprotectant associations providing higher benefits.
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28
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Huang S, Zuo T, Ni W. Important roles of glycinebetaine in stabilizing the structure and function of the photosystem II complex under abiotic stresses. PLANTA 2020; 251:36. [PMID: 31903497 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-019-03330-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The molecular and physiological mechanisms of glycinebetaine stabilizing photosystem II complex under abiotic stresses are discussed, helping to address food shortage problems threatening the survival of growing population. In the backdrop of climate change, the frequency, dimensions and duration of extreme events have increased sharply, which may have unintended consequences for agricultural. The acclimation of plants to a constantly changing environment involves the accumulation of compatible solutes. Various compatible solutes enable plants to tolerate abiotic stresses, and glycinebetaine (GB) is one of the most-studied. The biosynthesis and accumulation of GB appear in numerous plant species, especially under environmental stresses. The exogenous application of GB and GB-accumulating transgenic plants have been proven to further promote plant development under stresses. Early research on GB focused on the maintenance of osmotic potential in plants. Subsequent experimental evidence demonstrated that it also protects proteins including the photosystem II complex (PSII) from denaturation and deactivation. As reviewed here, multiple experimental evidences have indicated considerable progress in the roles of GB in stabilizing PSII under abiotic stresses. Based on these advances, we've concluded two effects of GB on PSII: (1) it stabilizes the structure of PSII by protecting extrinsic proteins from dissociation or by promoting protein synthesize; (2) it enhances the oxygen-evolving activity of PSII or promotes the repair of the photosynthetic damage of PSII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Huang
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resource and Environment of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Ting Zuo
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resource and Environment of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Wuzhong Ni
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resource and Environment of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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Gao Y, Li M, Zhang X, Yang Q, Huang B. Up-regulation of lipid metabolism and glycine betaine synthesis are associated with choline-induced salt tolerance in halophytic seashore paspalum. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2020; 43:159-173. [PMID: 31600831 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Choline may affect salt tolerance by regulating lipid and glycine betaine (GB) metabolism. This study was conducted to determine whether alteration of lipid profiles and GB metabolism may contribute to choline regulation and genotypic variations in salt tolerance in a halophytic grass, seashore paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum). Plants of Adalayd and Sea Isle 2000 were subjected to salt stress (200-mM NaCl) with or without foliar application of choline chloride (1 mM). Genotypic variations in salt tolerance and promotive effects of choline application on salt tolerance were associated with both the up-regulation of lipid metabolism and GB synthesis. The genotypic variations in salt tolerance associated with lipid metabolism were reflected by the differential accumulation of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine between Adalayd and Sea Isle 2000. Choline-induced salt tolerance was associated with of the increase in digalactosyl diacylglycerol (DGDG) content including DGDG (36:4 and 36:6) in both cultivars of seashore paspalum and enhanced synthesis of phosphatidylinositol (34:2, 36:5, and 36:2) and phosphatidic acid (34:2, 34:1, and 36:5), as well as increases in the ratio of digalactosyl diacylglycerol: monogalactosyl diacylglycerol (DGDG:MGDG) in salt-tolerant Sea Isle 2000. Choline regulation of salt tolerance may be due to the alteration in lipid metabolism in this halophytic grass species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Gao
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, PR China
- Department of Plant Biology and Pathology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Mingna Li
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, PR China
- Department of Plant Biology and Pathology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Xiaxiang Zhang
- College of Agro-grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 10095, PR China
| | - Qingchuan Yang
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Bingru Huang
- Department of Plant Biology and Pathology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
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Zulfiqar F, Akram NA, Ashraf M. Osmoprotection in plants under abiotic stresses: new insights into a classical phenomenon. PLANTA 2019; 251:3. [PMID: 31776765 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-019-03293-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Plant osmoprotectants protect against abiotic stresses. Introgression of osmoprotectant genes into crop plants via genetic engineering is an important strategy in developing more productive plants. Plants employ adaptive mechanisms to survive various abiotic stresses. One mechanism, the osmoprotection system, utilizes various groups of low molecular weight compounds, collectively known as osmoprotectants, to mitigate the negative effect of abiotic stresses. Osmoprotectants may include amino acids, polyamines, quaternary ammonium compounds and sugars. These nontoxic compounds stabilize cellular structures and enzymes, act as metabolic signals, and scavenge reactive oxygen species produced under stressful conditions. The advent of recent drastic fluctuations in the global climate necessitates the development of plants better adapted to abiotic stresses. The introgression of genes related to osmoprotectant biosynthesis from one plant to another by genetic engineering is a unique strategy bypassing laborious conventional and classical breeding programs. Herein, we review recent literature related to osmoprotectants and transgenic plants engineered with specific osmoprotectant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal Zulfiqar
- Institute of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Nudrat Aisha Akram
- Department of Botany, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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31
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Involvement of abscisic acid-responsive element-binding factors in cassava (Manihot esculenta) dehydration stress response. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12661. [PMID: 31477771 PMCID: PMC6718394 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49083-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cassava (Manihot esculenta) is a major staple food, animal feed and energy crop in the tropics and subtropics. It is one of the most drought-tolerant crops, however, the mechanisms of cassava drought tolerance remain unclear. Abscisic acid (ABA)-responsive element (ABRE)-binding factors (ABFs) are transcription factors that regulate expression of target genes involved in plant tolerance to drought, high salinity, and osmotic stress by binding ABRE cis-elements in the promoter regions of these genes. However, there is little information about ABF genes in cassava. A comprehensive analysis of Manihot esculenta ABFs (MeABFs) described the phylogeny, genome location, cis-acting elements, expression profiles, and regulatory relationship between these factors and Manihot esculenta betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase genes (MeBADHs). Here we conducted genome-wide searches and subsequent molecular cloning to identify seven MeABFs that are distributed unevenly across six chromosomes in cassava. These MeABFs can be clustered into three groups according to their phylogenetic relationships to their Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) counterparts. Analysis of the 5′-upstream region of MeABFs revealed putative cis-acting elements related to hormone signaling, stress, light, and circadian clock. MeABF expression profiles displayed clear differences among leaf, stem, root, and tuberous root tissues under non-stress and drought, osmotic, or salt stress conditions. Drought stress in cassava leaves and roots, osmotic stress in tuberous roots, and salt stress in stems induced expression of the highest number of MeABFs showing significantly elevated expression. The glycine betaine (GB) content of cassava leaves also was elevated after drought, osmotic, or salt stress treatments. BADH1 is involved in GB synthesis. We show that MeBADH1 promoter sequences contained ABREs and that MeBADH1 expression correlated with MeABF expression profiles in cassava leaves after the three stress treatments. Taken together, these results suggest that in response to various dehydration stresses, MeABFs in cassava may activate transcriptional expression of MeBADH1 by binding the MeBADH1 promoter that in turn promotes GB biosynthesis and accumulation via an increase in MeBADH1 gene expression levels and MeBADH1 enzymatic activity. These responses protect cells against dehydration stresses by preserving an osmotic balance that enhances cassava tolerance to dehydration stresses.
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32
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Khan S, Anwar S, Yu S, Sun M, Yang Z, Gao ZQ. Development of Drought-Tolerant Transgenic Wheat: Achievements and Limitations. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E3350. [PMID: 31288392 PMCID: PMC6651533 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20133350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Crop yield improvement is necessary to keep pace with increasing demand for food. Due to climatic variability, the incidence of drought stress at crop growth stages is becoming a major hindering factor to yield improvement. New techniques are required to increase drought tolerance along with improved yield. Genetic modification for increasing drought tolerance is highly desirable, and genetic engineering for drought tolerance requires the expression of certain stress-related genes. Genes have been identified which confer drought tolerance and improve plant growth and survival in transgenic wheat. However, less research has been conducted for the development of transgenic wheat as compared to rice, maize, and other staple food. Furthermore, enhanced tolerance to drought without any yield penalty is a major task of genetic engineering. In this review, we have focused on the progress in the development of transgenic wheat cultivars for improving drought tolerance and discussed the physiological mechanisms and testing of their tolerance in response to inserted genes under control or field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahbaz Khan
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Sumera Anwar
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Shaobo Yu
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Min Sun
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Zhenping Yang
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Gao
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China.
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Argentel-Martínez L, Garatuza-Payan J, Yepez EA, Arredondo T, de Los Santos-Villalobos S. Water regime and osmotic adjustment under warming conditions on wheat in the Yaqui Valley, Mexico. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7029. [PMID: 31223527 PMCID: PMC6570998 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
An experiment was carried out to evaluate the effect of increased temperature on roots and leaf water and osmotic potential, osmotic adjustment (OA) and transpiration on Triticum durum L. (CIRNO C2008 variety) during growth (seedling growth), tillering and heading phenophases. Wheat was sown under field conditions at the Experimental Technology Transfer Center (CETT-910), as a representative wheat crop area from the Yaqui Valley, Sonora México. Thermal radiators were placed at 1.20 m from the crop canopy. Treatments included warmed plots (2 °C) and ambient canopy temperature with five replicates. Temperature treatment was controlled using a (proportional, integrative, derivative) feedback control system on plots covering a circular area of r = 1.5 m. Results indicated a significant decrease in the osmotic potential of roots and leaves for the warmed plots. Water potential, under warming treatment, also experienced a significant reduction and a potential gradient was observed in both, roots and leaves, while the phenophases were delayed. Such results demonstrate that, under warmer conditions, plants increase water absorption for cooling. Hence, transpiration experienced a significant increase under warming in all phenophases that was related to the low root and leaf water potential. CIRNO C2008 also experienced OA in all phenophases with glycine betaine as the osmolyte with major contribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandris Argentel-Martínez
- Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora, Cd. Obregón, Sonora, México.,Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico del Valle del Yaqui, Bacum, Sonora, Mexico
| | | | - Enrico A Yepez
- Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora, Cd. Obregón, Sonora, México
| | - Tulio Arredondo
- Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica, San Luis Potosí, SLP, México
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Kumari A, Kapoor R, Bhatla SC. Nitric oxide and light co-regulate glycine betaine homeostasis in sunflower seedling cotyledons by modulating betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase transcript levels and activity. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2019; 14:1666656. [PMID: 31526096 PMCID: PMC6804699 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2019.1666656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Glycine betaine (GB), an osmolyte, is produced in chloroplasts by the action of betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (BADH) on its precursor betaine aldehyde. The present work highlights the significance of nitric oxide (NO) in GB homeostasis as a long-distance salt (120 mM NaCl) stress-elicited response. In light-grown seedling cotyledons, both the activity and transcript levels of BADH are much higher than in dark-grown seedlings irrespective of salt stress. Significantly high accumulation of GB in dark-grown seedling cotyledons indicates its preferential mobilization from cotyledons to other plant parts in light-grown seedlings. NO donor application (diethylenetriamine) maintains high BADH activity in light, although in dark it is brought down marginally. BADH levels are maintained high in light than in dark in respective treatments. Reversal of the effect of NO donor on age-dependent GB content, BADH activity, and transcript levels by NO scavenger (diethyldithiocarbamate) further demonstrates the impact of NO on GB homeostasis in light- and dark-grown seedlings in an age-dependent manner, major modulation being observed in 4-d-old seedlings. The present work, thus, provides new information on co-regulation of GB homeostasis by NO and light. It also puts forward new information of GB-NO crosstalk in maneuvering salt stress sensing as a long-distance response in seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Kumari
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Rupam Kapoor
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Satish C. Bhatla
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
- CONTACT Satish C. Bhatla Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi 11007, India
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Glycine betaine transport conditions of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus in salt induced hyperosmotic stress. Int Dairy J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2018.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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36
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Song J, Zhang R, Yue D, Chen X, Guo Z, Cheng C, Hu M, Zhang J, Zhang K. Co-expression of ApGSMT2g and ApDMT2g in cotton enhances salt tolerance and increases seed cotton yield in saline fields. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 274:369-382. [PMID: 30080625 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Salinity is a major factor limiting plant growth and agricultural production worldwide. Glycine betaine (GB) is one of the most universal osmoprotectants that protects plants from environmental stresses. In this study, transgenic cotton co-expressing ApGSMT2g and ApDMT2g was generated by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Compared with wild-type (WT), co-expression of ApGSMT2g and ApDMT2g in cotton results in higher GB amounts, higher relative water content (RWC), lower osmotic potential, more K+, and less Na+ under salt stress, which contributes to maintaining intracellular osmoregulation and K+/Na+ homeostasis and thus confers higher salt tolerance and more vigorous growth. Furthermore, co-expressing ApGSMT2g and ApDMT2g in cotton leads to better performance of PSII, greater photosynthesis capacity, and finally, improves plant growth and increases cotton seed yield compared to WT under salt stress. The reason for the better performance of PSII in transgenic cotton is the higher quantum yield and a more reasonable quantum ratio distribution than WT under salt stress. Co-expressing ApGSMT2g and ApDMT2g in cotton also reduces membrane damage and increases superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity compared to WT under salt stress. Our results indicate that transgenic ApGSMT2g and ApDMT2g cotton shows higher salt tolerance and more seed cotton yield in saline fields compared to wild-type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiuling Song
- The Key Laboratory of the Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong Province, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of the Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong Province, China
| | - Dan Yue
- The Key Laboratory of the Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiugui Chen
- Cotton Research Institute (CAAS), Anyang 455000, Henan Province, China
| | - Zhiqiang Guo
- The Key Laboratory of the Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong Province, China
| | - Cheng Cheng
- The Key Laboratory of the Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong Province, China
| | - Minghui Hu
- The Key Laboratory of the Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong Province, China
| | - Juren Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of the Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong Province, China
| | - Kewei Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of the Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong Province, China.
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Salinity Response in Chloroplasts: Insights from Gene Characterization. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18051011. [PMID: 28481319 PMCID: PMC5454924 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18051011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 04/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Salinity is a severe abiotic stress limiting agricultural yield and productivity. Plants have evolved various strategies to cope with salt stress. Chloroplasts are important photosynthesis organelles, which are sensitive to salinity. An understanding of molecular mechanisms in chloroplast tolerance to salinity is of great importance for genetic modification and plant breeding. Previous studies have characterized more than 53 salt-responsive genes encoding important chloroplast-localized proteins, which imply multiple vital pathways in chloroplasts in response to salt stress, such as thylakoid membrane organization, the modulation of photosystem II (PS II) activity, carbon dioxide (CO2) assimilation, photorespiration, reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging, osmotic and ion homeostasis, abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis and signaling, and gene expression regulation, as well as protein synthesis and turnover. This review presents an overview of salt response in chloroplasts revealed by gene characterization efforts.
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