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Erbe RG, Meindl P, Dykhuis EM, Boatright G, Tilman T. A reasoned action approach to meditation behavior among cadets at the United States Military Academy. MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY 2024; 36:456-463. [PMID: 38913768 PMCID: PMC11197910 DOI: 10.1080/08995605.2023.2197840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Military members face emotion-regulation challenges due to the high-pressure nature of the profession as evidenced by rates of mental health issues within military populations. Identifying behaviors that are efficient and effective at promoting emotion-regulation and helping military members adopt them is essential. Recently, meditation has been shown to reduce stress, enhance attention control and emotion regulation, along with reducing military-related Post Traumatic Stress Disorder symptoms. One way to promote this behavior in a military context is to enable future officers to adopt the behavior. We aimed to examine determinants of meditation intention and behavior among cadets at the United States Military Academy using the Reasoned Action Approach, a behavior framework used to explain and change behavior. By identifying these determinants, military practitioners can tailor meditation interventions to increase the likelihood that cadets will adopt the practice and eventually help soldiers under their command use meditation as well. We conducted a pilot study and a replication study that confirmed Reasoned Action Approach constructs were predictive of behavior and behavioral intention. Of significance was the perceived norm impact on meditation intention, specifically injunctive norms. Implications include the importance of authority figures within cadets' social context providing support for meditation's utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan G. Erbe
- Character Integration Advisory Group, United States Military Academy, West Point
| | - Peter Meindl
- Simon Center for the Professional Military Ethic, United States Military Academy, West Point
| | - Elise M. Dykhuis
- Character Integration Advisory Group, United States Military Academy, West Point
| | | | - Travis Tilman
- LTC, Behavioral Sciences and Leadership, United States Military Academy, West Point
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2
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Jovanovic B, Garfin DR. Can mindfulness-based interventions reduce PTSD symptoms? An umbrella review. J Anxiety Disord 2024; 104:102859. [PMID: 38761551 DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2024.102859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a debilitating, often chronic condition with substantial cross-national lifetime prevalence. Although mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) may help reduce PTSD symptoms, efficacy results are inconsistent. Despite many systematic reviews (SRs) examining MBIs for PTSD, SR quality has been neither evaluated nor synthesized. We conducted an umbrella review to summarize and evaluate existing evidence regarding MBIs for PTSD, identifying 69 SRs (27 meta-analyses), consisting of 83 primary studies. Using AMSTAR2 (a valid SR quality assessment tool), we evaluated each SR on key domains relevant to methodological rigor and rated the confidence of inferences. Results found SRs were 65.2% non-rigorous, 27.5% likely rigorous, and 7.2% rigorous; common limitations included inadequate risk of bias assessment, extractions not completed in duplicate, and lack of pre-registration, highlighting the need for higher quality SRs. We then performed a meta-meta-analysis to estimate the efficacy of MBIs to reduce PTSD symptoms, yielding a medium effect size (SMD=0.41, p < .001), derived from 22 meta-analyses (with replicable data) and 35 unique articles. Analyses were consistent across control conditions and MBI type (first-generation/narrow [i.e., MBIs with well-established protocols]) versus broad (i.e., other MBI types), comparable with second-line treatments (e.g., pharmacotherapy). Findings were narratively synthesized; areas for methodological improvements in MBI research were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Branislav Jovanovic
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, 4201 Social & Behavioral Sciences Gateway, Irvine, CA 92697, United States
| | - Dana Rose Garfin
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, 650 Charles E Young Drive South, Box 951772, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States.
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3
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Molteni L, Gosling CJ, Fagan HA, Hyde J, Benatti B, Dell'Osso B, Cortese S, Baldwin DS, Huneke NTM. Effects of mindfulness-based interventions on symptoms and interoception in trauma-related disorders and exposure to traumatic events: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychiatry Res 2024; 336:115897. [PMID: 38636333 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2024.115897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Interoception is defined as the sense of the internal state of the body. Dysfunctions in interoception are found in several mental disorders, including trauma-related conditions. Mindfulness-Based Interventions (MBIs) have been shown to influence interoceptive processes. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) have investigated whether MBIs impact symptoms and interoception in patients with trauma-related disorders. We undertook a systematic review and meta-analysis to synthesize these data. We included RCTs with an MBI arm which enrolled adult patients with trauma related-disorders or exposure to a traumatic experience, and addressed changes in interoception and trauma-related symptoms. A random-effects multivariate meta-analytic model was performed to quantify group differences in score change from baseline to follow-up. Twelve studies were included in the systematic review, and eleven in the meta-analysis. Overall, MBIs showed small to moderate positive effects on both interoception and symptoms. Despite a high heterogeneity in results, sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of the findings. We conclude that the efficacy of MBIs on trauma-related symptoms and interoception is supported by randomised evidence. However, further research is needed to understand whether changes in interoception might underpin the effectiveness of MBIs in trauma-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Molteni
- University Department of Psychiatry, Academic Centre, College Keep, University of Southampton, UK; Southern Health National Health Service Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK; Department of Psychiatry, University of Milan, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "Luigi Sacco", ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Milan, Italy
| | - C J Gosling
- Center for Innovation in Mental Health, School of Psychology, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK; Université Paris Nanterre, DysCo Lab, Nanterre F-92000, France; Université de Paris, Laboratoire de Psychopathologie et Processus de Santé, Boulogne-Billancourt F-92100, France
| | - H A Fagan
- University Department of Psychiatry, Academic Centre, College Keep, University of Southampton, UK; Southern Health National Health Service Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - J Hyde
- Center for Innovation in Mental Health, School of Psychology, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - B Benatti
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Milan, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "Luigi Sacco", ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Milan, Italy; Aldo Ravelli" Center for Neurotechnology and Brain Therapeutic, University of Milan, Milan 20142, Italy
| | - B Dell'Osso
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Milan, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "Luigi Sacco", ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Milan, Italy; Aldo Ravelli" Center for Neurotechnology and Brain Therapeutic, University of Milan, Milan 20142, Italy; Department of Psychiatry, Bipolar Disorders Clinic, Stanford Medical School, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - S Cortese
- Center for Innovation in Mental Health, School of Psychology, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK; Clinical and Experimental Sciences (CNS and Psychiatry), Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK; Solent National Health Service Trust, Southampton, UK; Hassenfeld Children's Hospital at NYU Langone, New York University Child Study Center, New York City, New York, USA; DiMePRe-J-Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine-Jonic Area, University "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - D S Baldwin
- University Department of Psychiatry, Academic Centre, College Keep, University of Southampton, UK; Southern Health National Health Service Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK; University Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - N T M Huneke
- University Department of Psychiatry, Academic Centre, College Keep, University of Southampton, UK; Southern Health National Health Service Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK.
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Lee A, Thuras P, Baller J, Jiao C, Guo B, Erbes CR, Polusny MA, Liu C, Wu B, Lim KO, Bishop JR. Serotonin Transporter (SLC6A4) and FK506-Binding Protein 5 (FKBP5) Genotype and Methylation Relationships with Response to Meditation in Veterans with PTSD. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04096-6. [PMID: 38671329 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04096-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Meditation-based interventions are novel and effective non-pharmacologic treatments for veterans with PTSD. We examined relationships between treatment response, early life trauma exposure, DNA polymorphisms, and methylation in the serotonin transporter (SLC6A4) and FK506-binding protein 5 (FKBP5) genes. DNA samples and clinical outcomes were examined in 72 veterans with PTSD who received meditation-based therapy in two separate studies of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) and Transcendental Meditation (TM). The PTSD Checklist was administered to assess symptoms at baseline and after 9 weeks of meditation intervention. We examined the SLC6A4 promoter (5HTTLPR_L/S insertion/deletion + rs25531_A/G) polymorphisms according to previously defined gene expression groups, and the FKBP5 variant rs1360780 previously associated with PTSD disease risk. Methylation for CpG sites of SLC6A4 (28 sites) and FKBP5 (45 sites) genes was quantified in DNA samples collected before and after treatment. The 5HTTLPR LALA high expression genotype was associated with greater symptom improvement in participants exposed to early life trauma (p = 0.015). Separately, pre to post-treatment change of DNA methylation in a group of nine FKBP5 CpG sites was associated with greater symptom improvement (OR = 2.8, 95% CI 1.1-7.1, p = 0.027). These findings build on a wealth of existing knowledge regarding epigenetic and genetic relationships with PTSD disease risk to highlight the potential importance of SLC6A4 and FKBP5 for treatment mechanisms and as biomarkers of symptom improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Lee
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Minnesota College of Pharmacy, Room 7-115 Weaver-Densford Hall, 308 Harvard St SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Paul Thuras
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Joshua Baller
- Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Chuan Jiao
- Department of Psychiatry, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), INSERM U1266, Team Krebs, Université Paris Cité, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Bin Guo
- Division of Biostatistics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Christopher R Erbes
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Center for Care Delivery and Outcomes Research, Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Melissa A Polusny
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Center for Care Delivery and Outcomes Research, Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Chunyu Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Baolin Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Program in Public Health, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Kelvin O Lim
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Bishop
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Minnesota College of Pharmacy, Room 7-115 Weaver-Densford Hall, 308 Harvard St SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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Wang J, Ouyang H, Jiao R, Zhang H, Cheng S, Shang Z, Jia Y, Yan W, Wu L, Liu W. Machine learning methods to discriminate posttraumatic stress disorder: A protocol of systematic review and meta-analysis. Digit Health 2024; 10:20552076241239238. [PMID: 38495863 PMCID: PMC10943756 DOI: 10.1177/20552076241239238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Recent years have witnessed a persistent threat to public mental health, especially during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has emerged as a pivotal concern amidst this backdrop. Concurrently, machine learning (ML) techniques have progressively applied in the realm of mental health. Therefore, our present undertaking seeks to provide a comprehensive assessment of studies employing ML methods that use diverse data modalities on the classification of people with PTSD. Methods and analysis In pursuit of pertinent studies, we will search both English and Chinese databases from January 2000 to May 2022. Two researchers will independently conduct screening, extract data and assess study quality. We intend to employ the assessment framework introduced by Luis Francisco Ramos-Lima in 2020 for quality evaluation. Rate, standard error and 95% CIs will be utilized for effect size measurement. A Cochran's Q test will be applied to assess heterogeneity. Subgroup and sensitivity analysis will further elucidate the source of heterogeneity and funnel plots and Egger's test will detect publication bias. Ethics and dissemination This systematic review and meta-analysis does not encompass patient interactions or engagements with healthcare providers. The outcomes of this research will be disseminated through scholarly channels, including presentations at scientific conferences and publications in peer-reviewed journals.PROSPERO registration number CRD42023342042.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Lab for Post-traumatic Stress Disorder, Faculty of Psychology and Mental Health, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- The Emotion & Cognition Lab, Faculty of Psychology and Mental Health, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Ouyang
- Lab for Post-traumatic Stress Disorder, Faculty of Psychology and Mental Health, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- The Emotion & Cognition Lab, Faculty of Psychology and Mental Health, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Runda Jiao
- Graduate School, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- Department of Health Care, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Suhui Cheng
- Lab for Post-traumatic Stress Disorder, Faculty of Psychology and Mental Health, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- The Emotion & Cognition Lab, Faculty of Psychology and Mental Health, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhilei Shang
- Lab for Post-traumatic Stress Disorder, Faculty of Psychology and Mental Health, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- The Emotion & Cognition Lab, Faculty of Psychology and Mental Health, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanpu Jia
- Lab for Post-traumatic Stress Disorder, Faculty of Psychology and Mental Health, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- The Emotion & Cognition Lab, Faculty of Psychology and Mental Health, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjie Yan
- Lab for Post-traumatic Stress Disorder, Faculty of Psychology and Mental Health, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- The Emotion & Cognition Lab, Faculty of Psychology and Mental Health, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lili Wu
- Lab for Post-traumatic Stress Disorder, Faculty of Psychology and Mental Health, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- The Emotion & Cognition Lab, Faculty of Psychology and Mental Health, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weizhi Liu
- Lab for Post-traumatic Stress Disorder, Faculty of Psychology and Mental Health, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- The Emotion & Cognition Lab, Faculty of Psychology and Mental Health, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Koenig HG. Person-Centered Mindfulness: A Culturally and Spiritually Sensitive Approach to Clinical Practice. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2023; 62:1884-1896. [PMID: 36823258 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-023-01768-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Mindfulness meditation is rapidly being integrated into many different forms of counseling and psychotherapy, and there is a growing evidence base for its effectiveness. It is important to understand the spiritual roots of mindfulness, and to apply it in a patient-centered manner, sensitive to the patient's own faith tradition rather than taking a one-size-fits-all approach, assuming that mindfulness-based practice is a purely secular approach. The philosophical underpinning of mindfulness lies squarely in the Buddhist faith tradition. Indeed, mindfulness is the 7th step on the Eightfold Path, which is the heart of Buddhist teachings. Many practitioners, however, may not realize that there are Western meditative techniques that are very similar to mindfulness and that have deep roots within Christian, Jewish, and Muslim faith traditions. Patient-centered mindfulness involves the use of mindfulness and other meditation methods that are based on the patient's own faith tradition, rather than applying Eastern forms of mindfulness claiming these are a secular approach appropriate for everyone regardless of religious beliefs, even if those beliefs are not consistent with the Buddhist religious or philosophical approach. In this article, I briefly examine the evidence for the clinical effectiveness of mindfulness meditation, and then go into greater depth on Hindu, Buddhist, Christian, Jewish, and Muslim forms of mindfulness or similar meditative practices, providing resources that will better equip clinicians and researchers to provide patient-centered culturally-sensitive care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harold G Koenig
- Departments of Psychiatry and Medicine, Duke University Health System, Durham, NC, 27705, USA.
- Division of Psychiatry, Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
- School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Psychiatry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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7
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Franco Corso SJ, O'Malley K, Subaiya S, Mayall D, Dakwar E. The role of non-ordinary states of consciousness occasioned by mind-body practices in mental health illness. J Affect Disord 2023; 335:166-176. [PMID: 37150220 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.04.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research with hallucinogens suggests that non-ordinary states of consciousness (NOSCs), particularly mystical-type experiences, predict improvements in various affective disorders and substance use disorders (SUDs). Little is known, however, about the therapeutic potential of NOSCs induced by mind-body practices such as meditation, yoga and breathwork. METHODS We conducted a literature review in online databases (PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar) and preprint databases (SSRN, bioRxiv) to identify studies of NOSCs induced by mind-body practices and their effects in affective disorders and SUDs. RESULTS A wide variety of mind-body practices involving physical movement (i.e., shamanic drumming, yoga) and hyper-focused immersive mental experiences (i.e., meditation, breathwork) have been reported in the literature. Preliminary evidence, mostly from qualitative studies and open label studies, suggest that mind-body practices produce NOSCs. Such experiences have been associated with short-term reduced levels of anxiety and depression, increased motivation to quit addictive behaviors, and enhanced self-awareness and spiritual well-being. LIMITATIONS Findings are limited by the scarcity of literature in this field. Further rigorous and methodologically sound empirical research is needed, including comparative studies of NOSCs occasioned by different methods. CONCLUSIONS Mind-body practices may represent a promising approach for treating mental health disorders. The NOSCs induced by such practices may lead to beneficial shifts in perceptions, values, beliefs, and behaviors. Given the challenges with hallucinogen-based therapies, mind-body practices may represent a more accessible and acceptable way of eliciting potentially helpful NOSCs in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia J Franco Corso
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vangelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, United States of America; Division on Substance Use, New York State Psychiatric Institute and Department of Psychiatry, New York, NY, United States of America.
| | - Kate O'Malley
- Division on Substance Use, New York State Psychiatric Institute and Department of Psychiatry, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Saleena Subaiya
- Division on Substance Use, New York State Psychiatric Institute and Department of Psychiatry, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Danielle Mayall
- Division on Substance Use, New York State Psychiatric Institute and Department of Psychiatry, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Elias Dakwar
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vangelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, United States of America; Division on Substance Use, New York State Psychiatric Institute and Department of Psychiatry, New York, NY, United States of America
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8
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Jiwani Z, Lam SU, Richard JD, Goldberg SB. Motivation for Meditation and its Association with Meditation Practice in a National Sample of Internet Users. Mindfulness (N Y) 2022; 13:2641-2651. [PMID: 36506892 PMCID: PMC9728621 DOI: 10.1007/s12671-022-01985-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Objectives There is limited understanding of what motivates people to initiate and sustain a meditation practice. This study investigates initial and current motivations for meditation, demographic variability in motivations, and associations with ongoing and lifetime meditation practice. Methods A national sample of internet users were recruited to examine initial and current motivations for meditation practice. Results 953 participants completed initial screening and 470 (49.3%) reported exposure to meditation practice. 434 (92.3%) completed a follow-up assessment. Participants most frequently reported mental health/stress alleviation as an initial motivation (n = 322, 74.2%) followed by spiritual (n = 122, 28.1%), physical health (n = 69, 15.9%), awakening/enlightenment (n = 64, 14.7%), cultural (n = 51, 11.8%) and other (n = 33, 7.6%). Participants reported a mean of 1.52 (SD = 0.83) initial motivations. Among those currently meditating, a significant increase in the number of motivations was found between initial and current motivations (1.60 [SD = 0.89] and 2.11 [SD = 1.16]), for initial and current motivations, respectively, Cohen's d = 0.45). The number of motivations was positively associated with meditation practice. Initial mental health motivation was found to be negatively associated with current and lifetime meditation practice, whereas spiritual motivation was found to be positively associated. Conclusions While meditation started as a tool for spiritual attainment, findings suggest that it is predominantly used in the U.S. for mental health support and to manage stress. Findings suggest that both type and number of motivations may relate to the course of practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zishan Jiwani
- Department of Counseling Psychology, University of Wisconsin - Madison
- Center for Healthy Minds, University of Wisconsin - Madison
| | - Sin U Lam
- Department of Counseling Psychology, University of Wisconsin - Madison
- Center for Healthy Minds, University of Wisconsin - Madison
| | - J. Davidson Richard
- Center for Healthy Minds, University of Wisconsin - Madison
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin – Madison
| | - Simon B. Goldberg
- Department of Counseling Psychology, University of Wisconsin - Madison
- Center for Healthy Minds, University of Wisconsin - Madison
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Coping and rumination as predictors of posttraumatic growth and depreciation. Chin J Traumatol 2022; 25:264-271. [PMID: 35304016 PMCID: PMC9458987 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjtee.2022.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The present study examined the joint impact of coping and rumination after trauma on posttraumatic growth (PTG) and posttraumatic depreciation (PTD) based on the PTG model. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted between October 2017 and May 2018. A sample of 253 individuals who had experienced a traumatic event in the last two years, was included. Participants completed an online self-reported survey, including demographic variables, trauma characteristics, the German Posttraumatic Growth and Depreciation Inventory - Expanded, the Brief COPE Inventory, and the Event Related Rumination Inventory. An analysis of correlation, a principal component analysis and hierarchical regression analyses were conducted. Statistical analyses were undertaken on SPSS (version 25.0; IBM, New York, USA). RESULTS After controlling for the effects of personal and trauma characteristics, self-sufficient coping and socially supported coping were found to favor the emergence of PTG. Event-related and recent deliberate rumination were positively related to PTG. Avoidant-focused coping and recent intrusive rumination were positively associated with PTD. Overall, the final models accounted for 46% and 58% of the variance in PTG and PTD. CONCLUSION Our findings confirm the PTG model and support the central role of deliberate rumination, self-sufficient coping and socially supported coping in the development of PTG. Our results indicate that a similar model of PTD with comparable influencing factors can be assumed: if the individual is stuck in ongoing intrusive rumination and uses more avoidance-focused coping, it might lead to more reports of PTD.
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10
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Van't Westeinde A, Patel KD. Heartfulness Meditation: A Yogic and Neuroscientific Perspective. Front Psychol 2022; 13:806131. [PMID: 35619781 PMCID: PMC9128627 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.806131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Today, as research into the contemplative sciences is being widely referenced, the research community would benefit from an understanding of the Heartfulness method of meditation. Heartfulness offers an in-depth experiential practice focused on the evolution of human consciousness using the ancient technique of Pranahuti (yogic Transmission) during Meditation, in combination with the more active mental practice of “Cleaning.” Both are enabled by initiation into the Heartfulness practices. These unique features distinguish Heartfulness from other paths that have been described in the scientific literature thus far. In this introductory paper, we present the Heartfulness practices, the philosophy upon which the practices are based, and we reflect on the putative mechanisms through which Heartfulness could exert its effects on the human body and mind in the light of scientific research that has been done in other meditation systems. We conclude with suggestions for future research on the Heartfulness way of meditation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annelies Van't Westeinde
- Pediatric Endocrinology Unit (QB83), Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kamlesh D Patel
- Heartfulness Institute, Kanha Shanti Vanam, Hyderabad, India
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11
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The increase of PTSD in front-line health care workers during the COVID-19 pandemic and the mediating role of risk perception: a one-year follow-up study. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:180. [PMID: 35504870 PMCID: PMC9062850 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-01953-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The long-term health consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic on health care workers (HCWs) are largely unclear. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in HCWs in a longitudinal manner. Additionally, we further explored the role of risk perception in the evolution of PTSD over time based on a one-year follow-up study. HCWs were recruited from hospitals in Guangdong, China. Demographic information, the PTSD checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5) and the risk perception questionnaire were obtained online at two different time points: May to June 2020 (T1), with 317 eligible responses, and June 2021 (T2), with 403 eligible responses. Seventy-four HCWs participated in the survey at both T1 and T2. The results revealed that (1) the PTSD prevalence rate in the HCWs (cut-off = 33) increased from 10.73% at T1 to 20.84% at T2, and the HCWs reported significantly higher PTSD scores at T2 than at T1 (p < 0.001); (2) risk perception was positively correlated with PTSD (p < 0.001); and (3) PTSD at T1 could significantly positively predict PTSD at T2 (β = 2.812, p < 0.01), and this longitudinal effect of PTSD at T1 on PTSD at T2 was mediated by risk perception at T2 (coefficient = 0.154, 95% CI = 0.023 to 0.297). Our data provide a snapshot of the worsening of HCWs' PTSD along with the repeated pandemic outbreaks and highlight the important role of risk perception in the development of PTSD symptoms in HCWs over time.
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