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Fernandez-Gonzalez S, Falo C, Pla MJ, Campos M, Ortega-Exposito C, Ortega R, Vicente M, Petit A, Bosch-Schips J, Bajen MT, Reyes G, Martínez E, González-Viguera J, Peñafiel J, Stradella A, Pernas S, Ponce J, Garcia-Tejedor A. Sentinel lymph node biopsy before and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in cN0 breast cancer patients: impact on axillary morbidity and survival-a propensity score cohort study. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2024; 206:131-141. [PMID: 38635082 PMCID: PMC11182812 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-024-07274-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE In patients with clinically lymph node-negative (cN0) breast cancer, performing sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) has been preferentially embraced in comparison to before NACT. However, survival outcomes associated with both strategies remain understudied. We aimed to compare the axillary lymphadenectomy (ALND) rate, disease-free survival (DFS), and overall survival (OS), between two strategies. METHODS We included 310 patients in a retrospective observational study. SNLB was performed before NACT from December 2006 to April 2014 (107 cases) and after NACT from May 2014 to May 2020 (203 patients). An inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) method was applied to homogenize both groups. Hazard ratios (HR) and odd ratios (OR) are reported with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). RESULTS The lymphadenectomy rate was 29.9% before NACT and 7.4% after NACT (p < 0.001), with an OR of 5.35 95%CI (2.7-10.4); p = .002. After 4 years of follow-up, SLNB after NACT was associated with lower risk for DFS, HR 0.42 95%CI (0.17-1.06); p = 0.066 and better OS, HR 0.21 CI 95% (0.07-0.67); p = 0.009 than SLNB before NACT. After multivariate analysis, independent adverse prognostic factors for OS included SLNB before NACT, HR 3.095 95%CI (2.323-4.123), clinical nonresponse to NACT, HR 1.702 95% CI (1.012-2.861), and small tumors (cT1) with high proliferation index, HR 1.889 95% (1.195-2.985). CONCLUSION Performing SLNB before NACT results in more ALND and has no benefit for patient survival. These findings support discontinuing the practice of SLNB before NACT in patients with cN0 breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergi Fernandez-Gonzalez
- Department of Gynecology, Multidisciplinary Breast Cancer Unit, Hospital Universitari Bellvitge, Idibell, c/ Feixa Llarga s/n. Hospitalet de Llobregat, CP: 08907, Barcelona, Spain.
- Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Feixa Llarga, s/n, 08907, l'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.
| | - Catalina Falo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Multidisciplinary Breast Cancer Unit, Institut Català d'Oncologia, Idibell, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria J Pla
- Department of Gynecology, Multidisciplinary Breast Cancer Unit, Hospital Universitari Bellvitge, Idibell, c/ Feixa Llarga s/n. Hospitalet de Llobregat, CP: 08907, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miriam Campos
- Department of Gynecology, Multidisciplinary Breast Cancer Unit, Hospital Universitari Bellvitge, Idibell, c/ Feixa Llarga s/n. Hospitalet de Llobregat, CP: 08907, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Ortega-Exposito
- Department of Gynecology, Multidisciplinary Breast Cancer Unit, Hospital Universitari Bellvitge, Idibell, c/ Feixa Llarga s/n. Hospitalet de Llobregat, CP: 08907, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raul Ortega
- Department of Radiology, Multidisciplinary, Breast Cancer Unit. Hospital Universitari Bellvitge, Idibell, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Vicente
- Department of Radiology, Multidisciplinary, Breast Cancer Unit. Hospital Universitari Bellvitge, Idibell, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Petit
- Department of Pathology, Multidisciplinary Breast Cancer Unit, Hospital Universitari Bellvitge, Idibell, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jan Bosch-Schips
- Department of Pathology, Multidisciplinary Breast Cancer Unit, Hospital Universitari Bellvitge, Idibell, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Teresa Bajen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Multidisciplinary Breast Cancer Unit, Hospital Universitari Bellvitge, Idibell, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gabriel Reyes
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Multidisciplinary Breast Cancer Unit, Hospital Universitari Bellvitge, Idibell, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Evelyn Martínez
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Multidisciplinary Breast Cancer Unit, Institut Català d'Oncologia, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier González-Viguera
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Multidisciplinary Breast Cancer Unit, Institut Català d'Oncologia, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Judith Peñafiel
- Biostatistics Unit, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Agostina Stradella
- Department of Medical Oncology, Multidisciplinary Breast Cancer Unit, Institut Català d'Oncologia, Idibell, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sonia Pernas
- Department of Medical Oncology, Multidisciplinary Breast Cancer Unit, Institut Català d'Oncologia, Idibell, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Ponce
- Department of Gynecology, Multidisciplinary Breast Cancer Unit, Hospital Universitari Bellvitge, Idibell, c/ Feixa Llarga s/n. Hospitalet de Llobregat, CP: 08907, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Amparo Garcia-Tejedor
- Department of Gynecology, Multidisciplinary Breast Cancer Unit, Hospital Universitari Bellvitge, Idibell, c/ Feixa Llarga s/n. Hospitalet de Llobregat, CP: 08907, Barcelona, Spain
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Falo C, Azcarate J, Fernandez-Gonzalez S, Perez X, Petit A, Perez H, Vethencourt A, Vazquez S, Laplana M, Ales M, Stradella A, Fullana B, Pla MJ, Gumà A, Ortega R, Varela M, Pérez D, Ponton JL, Cobo S, Benitez A, Campos M, Fernández A, Villanueva R, Obadia V, Recalde S, Soler-Monsó T, Lopez-Ojeda A, Martinez E, Ponce J, Pernas S, Gil-Gil M, Garcia-Tejedor A. Breast Cancer Patient's Outcomes after Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy and Surgery at 5 and 10 Years for Stage II-III Disease. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2421. [PMID: 39001483 PMCID: PMC11240707 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16132421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer offers the possibility to facilitate breast and axillary surgery; it is a test of chemosensibility in vivo with significant prognostic value and may be used to tailor adjuvant treatment according to the response. Material and Methods: A retrospective single-institution cohort of 482 stage II and III breast cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy based on anthracycline and taxans, plus antiHEr2 in Her2-positive cases, was studied. Survival was calculated at 5 and 10 years. Kaplan-Meier curves with a log-rank test were calculated for differences according to age, BRCA status, menopausal status, TNM, pathological and molecular surrogate subtype, 20% TIL cut-off, surgical procedure, response to chemotherapy and the presence of vascular invasion. Results: The pCR rate was 25.3% and was greater in HER2 (51.3%) and TNBC (31.7%) and in BRCA carriers (41.9%). The factors independently related to patient survival were pathology and molecular surrogate subtype, type of surgery, response to NACT and vascular invasion. BRCA status was a protective prognostic factor without reaching statistical significance, with an HR 0.5 (95%CI 0.1-1.4). Mastectomy presented a double risk of distant recurrence compared to breast-conservative surgery (BCS), supporting BCS as a safe option after NACT. After a mean follow-up of 126 (SD 43) months, luminal tumors presented a substantial difference in survival rates calculated at 5 or 10 years (81.2% compared to 74.7%), whereas that for TNBC was 75.3 and 73.5, respectively. The greatest difference was seen according to the response in patients with pCR, who exhibited a 10 years DDFS of 95.5% vs. 72.4% for those patients without pCR, p < 0001. This difference was especially meaningful in TNBC: the 10 years DDFS according to an RCB of 0 to 3 was 100%, 80.6%, 69% and 49.2%, respectively, p < 0001. Patients with a particularly poor prognosis were those with lobular carcinomas, with a 10 years DDFS of 42.9% vs. 79.7% for ductal carcinomas, p = 0.001, and patients with vascular invasion at the surgical specimen, with a 10 years DDFS of 59.2% vs. 83.6% for those patients without vascular invasion, p < 0.001. Remarkably, BRCA carriers presented a longer survival, with an estimated 10 years DDFS of 89.6% vs. 77.2% for non-carriers, p = 0.054. Conclusions: Long-term outcomes after neoadjuvant chemotherapy can help patients and clinicians make well-informed decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catalina Falo
- Multidisciplinary Breast Cancer Unit, Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Català d’Oncologia, 08908 Barcelona, Spain; (A.V.); (S.V.); (A.S.); (B.F.); (A.F.); (R.V.); (V.O.); (S.R.); (S.P.); (M.G.-G.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), 08908 Barcelona, Spain; (S.F.-G.); (A.P.); (H.P.); (M.L.); (M.J.P.); (A.G.); (R.O.); (M.V.); (E.M.); (J.P.); (A.G.-T.)
| | - Juan Azcarate
- Multidisciplinary Breast Cancer Unit, Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitari Bellvitge, 08907 Barcelona, Spain; (J.A.); (T.S.-M.)
| | - Sergi Fernandez-Gonzalez
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), 08908 Barcelona, Spain; (S.F.-G.); (A.P.); (H.P.); (M.L.); (M.J.P.); (A.G.); (R.O.); (M.V.); (E.M.); (J.P.); (A.G.-T.)
- Multidisciplinary Breast Cancer Unit, Department of Gynecology, Hospital Universitari Bellvitge, 08907 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Xavier Perez
- Information and Data Analysis Department, Institut Català d’Oncologia, Bellvitge Research Institute, 08908 Barcelona, Spain; (X.P.); (J.L.P.)
| | - Ana Petit
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), 08908 Barcelona, Spain; (S.F.-G.); (A.P.); (H.P.); (M.L.); (M.J.P.); (A.G.); (R.O.); (M.V.); (E.M.); (J.P.); (A.G.-T.)
- Multidisciplinary Breast Cancer Unit, Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitari Bellvitge, 08907 Barcelona, Spain; (J.A.); (T.S.-M.)
| | - Héctor Perez
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), 08908 Barcelona, Spain; (S.F.-G.); (A.P.); (H.P.); (M.L.); (M.J.P.); (A.G.); (R.O.); (M.V.); (E.M.); (J.P.); (A.G.-T.)
- Multidisciplinary Breast Cancer Unit, Department of Radiotherapy, Institut Català d’Oncologia, 08908 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrea Vethencourt
- Multidisciplinary Breast Cancer Unit, Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Català d’Oncologia, 08908 Barcelona, Spain; (A.V.); (S.V.); (A.S.); (B.F.); (A.F.); (R.V.); (V.O.); (S.R.); (S.P.); (M.G.-G.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), 08908 Barcelona, Spain; (S.F.-G.); (A.P.); (H.P.); (M.L.); (M.J.P.); (A.G.); (R.O.); (M.V.); (E.M.); (J.P.); (A.G.-T.)
| | - Silvia Vazquez
- Multidisciplinary Breast Cancer Unit, Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Català d’Oncologia, 08908 Barcelona, Spain; (A.V.); (S.V.); (A.S.); (B.F.); (A.F.); (R.V.); (V.O.); (S.R.); (S.P.); (M.G.-G.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), 08908 Barcelona, Spain; (S.F.-G.); (A.P.); (H.P.); (M.L.); (M.J.P.); (A.G.); (R.O.); (M.V.); (E.M.); (J.P.); (A.G.-T.)
| | - Maria Laplana
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), 08908 Barcelona, Spain; (S.F.-G.); (A.P.); (H.P.); (M.L.); (M.J.P.); (A.G.); (R.O.); (M.V.); (E.M.); (J.P.); (A.G.-T.)
- Multidisciplinary Breast Cancer Unit, Department of Radiotherapy, Institut Català d’Oncologia, 08908 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miriam Ales
- Multidisciplinary Breast Cancer Unit, Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Català d’Oncologia, 08908 Barcelona, Spain; (A.V.); (S.V.); (A.S.); (B.F.); (A.F.); (R.V.); (V.O.); (S.R.); (S.P.); (M.G.-G.)
| | - Agostina Stradella
- Multidisciplinary Breast Cancer Unit, Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Català d’Oncologia, 08908 Barcelona, Spain; (A.V.); (S.V.); (A.S.); (B.F.); (A.F.); (R.V.); (V.O.); (S.R.); (S.P.); (M.G.-G.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), 08908 Barcelona, Spain; (S.F.-G.); (A.P.); (H.P.); (M.L.); (M.J.P.); (A.G.); (R.O.); (M.V.); (E.M.); (J.P.); (A.G.-T.)
| | - Bartomeu Fullana
- Multidisciplinary Breast Cancer Unit, Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Català d’Oncologia, 08908 Barcelona, Spain; (A.V.); (S.V.); (A.S.); (B.F.); (A.F.); (R.V.); (V.O.); (S.R.); (S.P.); (M.G.-G.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), 08908 Barcelona, Spain; (S.F.-G.); (A.P.); (H.P.); (M.L.); (M.J.P.); (A.G.); (R.O.); (M.V.); (E.M.); (J.P.); (A.G.-T.)
| | - Maria J. Pla
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), 08908 Barcelona, Spain; (S.F.-G.); (A.P.); (H.P.); (M.L.); (M.J.P.); (A.G.); (R.O.); (M.V.); (E.M.); (J.P.); (A.G.-T.)
- Multidisciplinary Breast Cancer Unit, Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitari Bellvitge, 08907 Barcelona, Spain; (J.A.); (T.S.-M.)
| | - Anna Gumà
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), 08908 Barcelona, Spain; (S.F.-G.); (A.P.); (H.P.); (M.L.); (M.J.P.); (A.G.); (R.O.); (M.V.); (E.M.); (J.P.); (A.G.-T.)
- Multidisciplinary Breast Cancer Unit, Department of Radiology, Hospital Universitari Bellvitge, 08907 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raul Ortega
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), 08908 Barcelona, Spain; (S.F.-G.); (A.P.); (H.P.); (M.L.); (M.J.P.); (A.G.); (R.O.); (M.V.); (E.M.); (J.P.); (A.G.-T.)
- Multidisciplinary Breast Cancer Unit, Department of Radiology, Hospital Universitari Bellvitge, 08907 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mar Varela
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), 08908 Barcelona, Spain; (S.F.-G.); (A.P.); (H.P.); (M.L.); (M.J.P.); (A.G.); (R.O.); (M.V.); (E.M.); (J.P.); (A.G.-T.)
- Multidisciplinary Breast Cancer Unit, Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitari Bellvitge, 08907 Barcelona, Spain; (J.A.); (T.S.-M.)
| | - Diana Pérez
- Multidisciplinary Breast Cancer Unit, Department of Reparative Surgery, Hospital Universitari Bellvitge, 08907 Barcelona, Spain; (D.P.); (A.L.-O.)
| | - Jose Luis Ponton
- Information and Data Analysis Department, Institut Català d’Oncologia, Bellvitge Research Institute, 08908 Barcelona, Spain; (X.P.); (J.L.P.)
| | - Sara Cobo
- Multidisciplinary Breast Cancer Unit, Department of Pharmacy, Hospital Universitari Bellvitge, 08907 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Ana Benitez
- Multidisciplinary Breast Cancer Unit, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hospital Universitari Bellvitge, 08907 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Miriam Campos
- Multidisciplinary Breast Cancer Unit, Department of Gynecology, Hospital Universitari Bellvitge, 08907 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Adela Fernández
- Multidisciplinary Breast Cancer Unit, Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Català d’Oncologia, 08908 Barcelona, Spain; (A.V.); (S.V.); (A.S.); (B.F.); (A.F.); (R.V.); (V.O.); (S.R.); (S.P.); (M.G.-G.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), 08908 Barcelona, Spain; (S.F.-G.); (A.P.); (H.P.); (M.L.); (M.J.P.); (A.G.); (R.O.); (M.V.); (E.M.); (J.P.); (A.G.-T.)
| | - Rafael Villanueva
- Multidisciplinary Breast Cancer Unit, Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Català d’Oncologia, 08908 Barcelona, Spain; (A.V.); (S.V.); (A.S.); (B.F.); (A.F.); (R.V.); (V.O.); (S.R.); (S.P.); (M.G.-G.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), 08908 Barcelona, Spain; (S.F.-G.); (A.P.); (H.P.); (M.L.); (M.J.P.); (A.G.); (R.O.); (M.V.); (E.M.); (J.P.); (A.G.-T.)
| | - Veronica Obadia
- Multidisciplinary Breast Cancer Unit, Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Català d’Oncologia, 08908 Barcelona, Spain; (A.V.); (S.V.); (A.S.); (B.F.); (A.F.); (R.V.); (V.O.); (S.R.); (S.P.); (M.G.-G.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), 08908 Barcelona, Spain; (S.F.-G.); (A.P.); (H.P.); (M.L.); (M.J.P.); (A.G.); (R.O.); (M.V.); (E.M.); (J.P.); (A.G.-T.)
| | - Sabela Recalde
- Multidisciplinary Breast Cancer Unit, Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Català d’Oncologia, 08908 Barcelona, Spain; (A.V.); (S.V.); (A.S.); (B.F.); (A.F.); (R.V.); (V.O.); (S.R.); (S.P.); (M.G.-G.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), 08908 Barcelona, Spain; (S.F.-G.); (A.P.); (H.P.); (M.L.); (M.J.P.); (A.G.); (R.O.); (M.V.); (E.M.); (J.P.); (A.G.-T.)
| | - Teresa Soler-Monsó
- Multidisciplinary Breast Cancer Unit, Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitari Bellvitge, 08907 Barcelona, Spain; (J.A.); (T.S.-M.)
| | - Ana Lopez-Ojeda
- Multidisciplinary Breast Cancer Unit, Department of Reparative Surgery, Hospital Universitari Bellvitge, 08907 Barcelona, Spain; (D.P.); (A.L.-O.)
| | - Evelyn Martinez
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), 08908 Barcelona, Spain; (S.F.-G.); (A.P.); (H.P.); (M.L.); (M.J.P.); (A.G.); (R.O.); (M.V.); (E.M.); (J.P.); (A.G.-T.)
- Multidisciplinary Breast Cancer Unit, Department of Radiotherapy, Institut Català d’Oncologia, 08908 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Ponce
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), 08908 Barcelona, Spain; (S.F.-G.); (A.P.); (H.P.); (M.L.); (M.J.P.); (A.G.); (R.O.); (M.V.); (E.M.); (J.P.); (A.G.-T.)
- Multidisciplinary Breast Cancer Unit, Department of Gynecology, Hospital Universitari Bellvitge, 08907 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Sonia Pernas
- Multidisciplinary Breast Cancer Unit, Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Català d’Oncologia, 08908 Barcelona, Spain; (A.V.); (S.V.); (A.S.); (B.F.); (A.F.); (R.V.); (V.O.); (S.R.); (S.P.); (M.G.-G.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), 08908 Barcelona, Spain; (S.F.-G.); (A.P.); (H.P.); (M.L.); (M.J.P.); (A.G.); (R.O.); (M.V.); (E.M.); (J.P.); (A.G.-T.)
| | - Miguel Gil-Gil
- Multidisciplinary Breast Cancer Unit, Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Català d’Oncologia, 08908 Barcelona, Spain; (A.V.); (S.V.); (A.S.); (B.F.); (A.F.); (R.V.); (V.O.); (S.R.); (S.P.); (M.G.-G.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), 08908 Barcelona, Spain; (S.F.-G.); (A.P.); (H.P.); (M.L.); (M.J.P.); (A.G.); (R.O.); (M.V.); (E.M.); (J.P.); (A.G.-T.)
| | - Amparo Garcia-Tejedor
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), 08908 Barcelona, Spain; (S.F.-G.); (A.P.); (H.P.); (M.L.); (M.J.P.); (A.G.); (R.O.); (M.V.); (E.M.); (J.P.); (A.G.-T.)
- Multidisciplinary Breast Cancer Unit, Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitari Bellvitge, 08907 Barcelona, Spain; (J.A.); (T.S.-M.)
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Banys-Paluchowski M, Hartmann S, Ditsch N, Krawczyk N, Kühn T, de Boniface J, Banys-Kotomska J, Rody A, Krug D. Locoregional Therapy: From Mastectomy to Reconstruction, Targeted Surgery, and Ultra-Hypofractionated Radiotherapy. Breast Care (Basel) 2023; 18:428-439. [PMID: 38130814 PMCID: PMC10731028 DOI: 10.1159/000533748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The past 3 decades have seen an unprecedented shift toward treatment de-escalation in surgical therapy of breast cancer. Summary Radical mastectomy has been replaced by breast-conserving and oncoplastic approaches in most patients, and full axillary lymph node dissection by less radical staging procedures, such as sentinel lymph node biopsy and targeted axillary dissection. Further, attempts have been made to spare healthy tissue while increasing the probability of removing the tumor with clear margins, thus improving cosmetic results and minimizing the risk of local recurrence. In this context, modern probe-guided localization techniques have been introduced to guide surgical excision. This progress was accompanied by the development of targeted systemic therapies. At the same time, radiotherapy for breast cancer has undergone significant changes. The use of hypofractionation has decreased the typical length of a treatment course from 5-6 weeks to 1-3 weeks. Partial breast irradiation is now a valid option for de-escalation in patients with low-risk features. Axillary radiotherapy achieves similar recurrence rates and decreases the risk of lymphedema in patients with limited sentinel node involvement. Key Messages Taken together, these advances are important steps toward individualization of locoregional management strategies. This highlights the importance of interdisciplinary approaches for de-escalation of locoregional therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maggie Banys-Paluchowski
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lubeck, Lubeck, Germany
| | - Steffi Hartmann
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Nina Ditsch
- Breast Cancer Center, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Natalia Krawczyk
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Thorsten Kühn
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Die Filderklinik, Filderstadt, Germany
| | - Jana de Boniface
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Surgery, Capio St. Göran’s Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Joanna Banys-Kotomska
- I Department and Clinic of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Achim Rody
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lubeck, Lubeck, Germany
| | - David Krug
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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Garcia-Tejedor A, Falo C, Fernandez-Gonzalez S, Laplana M, Gil-Gil M, Soler-Monso T, Martinez-Perez E, Calvo I, Calpelo H, Bajen MT, Benitez A, Ortega R, Petit A, Guma A, Campos M, Stradella A, Lopez-Ojeda A, Ponce J, Pla MJ, Pernas S. Management of the axilla in postmenopausal patients with cN0 hormone receptor-positive/HER2-negative breast cancer treated with neoadjuvant endocrine therapy and its prognostic impact. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2023; 199:445-456. [PMID: 37043108 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-023-06926-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the differences in nodal positivity if the sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) is performed before or after neoadjuvant endocrine therapy (NET) in breast cancer patients, and its impact on prognosis. METHODS A retrospective cohort study was performed in a single center including 91 postmenopausal cases with clinically node-negative and hormone receptor-positive/HER2-negative (HR + /HER2-) breast cancer, treated with NET and SLNB. SLNB was done pre-NET until 2014, and post-NET thereafter. Axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) was indicated only in SLNB macrometastasis, although in selected elderly patients, it was omitted. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were estimated in relation to the status of the axilla, and the differences assessed using the log-rank test. RESULTS Between December 2006 and March 2022, SLNB was performed pre-NET in 14 cases and post-NET in 77. Both groups were similar in baseline tumor and patient characteristics. SLNB positivity was similar regardless of whether SLNB was performed before (5/14, 35.7%) or after NET (27/77, 37%), with 2/14 SLN macrometastases in the pre-NET cohort and 17/77 in the post-NET cohort. Only three patients (18.7%) with SLN macrometastasis had > 3 positive nodes following ALND. The 5-year overall survival and distant disease-free survival were 92.4% and 94.8%, respectively, with no significant differences according to SLNB status (p 0.5 and 0.8, respectively). CONCLUSION SLN positivity did not differ according to its timing (before or after NET). Therefore, NET has no effect on lymph node clearance. Furthermore, the prognosis is good regardless of the axillary involvement. Therefore, factors other than axillary involvement may affect the prognosis in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amparo Garcia-Tejedor
- Department of Gynaecology. Multidisciplinary, Breast Cancer Unit. Hospital Universitari Bellvitge, Idibell, Bellvitge Hospital, Ave. Feixa Llarga, sn Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08970, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Catalina Falo
- Department of Medical Oncology. Multidisciplinary Breast Cancer Unit, Institut Català d'Oncología, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergi Fernandez-Gonzalez
- Department of Gynaecology. Multidisciplinary, Breast Cancer Unit. Hospital Universitari Bellvitge, Idibell, Bellvitge Hospital, Ave. Feixa Llarga, sn Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08970, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Laplana
- Department of Oncologic Radiotherapy. Multidisciplinary Breast Cancer Unit, Institut Català d'Oncología. IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel Gil-Gil
- Department of Medical Oncology. Multidisciplinary Breast Cancer Unit, Institut Català d'Oncología, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Teresa Soler-Monso
- Department of Pathology. Multidisciplinary, Breast Cancer Unit. Hospital Universitari Bellvitge, Idibell, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Evelyn Martinez-Perez
- Department of Oncologic Radiotherapy. Multidisciplinary Breast Cancer Unit, Institut Català d'Oncología. IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Iris Calvo
- Department of Gynaecology. Multidisciplinary, Breast Cancer Unit. Hospital Universitari Bellvitge, Idibell, Bellvitge Hospital, Ave. Feixa Llarga, sn Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08970, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Hugo Calpelo
- Department of Gynaecology. Multidisciplinary, Breast Cancer Unit. Hospital Universitari Bellvitge, Idibell, Bellvitge Hospital, Ave. Feixa Llarga, sn Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08970, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria-Teresa Bajen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Multidisciplinary Breast Cancer Unit. Hospital Universitari Bellvitge, Idibell, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Benitez
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Multidisciplinary Breast Cancer Unit. Hospital Universitari Bellvitge, Idibell, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raul Ortega
- Department of Radiology. Multidisciplinary, Breast Cancer Unit. Hospital Universitari Bellvitge, Idibell, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Petit
- Department of Pathology. Multidisciplinary, Breast Cancer Unit. Hospital Universitari Bellvitge, Idibell, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Guma
- Department of Radiology. Multidisciplinary, Breast Cancer Unit. Hospital Universitari Bellvitge, Idibell, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miriam Campos
- Department of Gynaecology. Multidisciplinary, Breast Cancer Unit. Hospital Universitari Bellvitge, Idibell, Bellvitge Hospital, Ave. Feixa Llarga, sn Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08970, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Agostina Stradella
- Department of Medical Oncology. Multidisciplinary Breast Cancer Unit, Institut Català d'Oncología, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Lopez-Ojeda
- Department of Plastic Surgery. Multidisciplinary, Breast Cancer Unit. Hospital Universitari Bellvitge, Idibell, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Ponce
- Department of Gynaecology. Multidisciplinary, Breast Cancer Unit. Hospital Universitari Bellvitge, Idibell, Bellvitge Hospital, Ave. Feixa Llarga, sn Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08970, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria J Pla
- Department of Gynaecology. Multidisciplinary, Breast Cancer Unit. Hospital Universitari Bellvitge, Idibell, Bellvitge Hospital, Ave. Feixa Llarga, sn Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08970, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sonia Pernas
- Department of Medical Oncology. Multidisciplinary Breast Cancer Unit, Institut Català d'Oncología, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
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5
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Friedrich M, Kühn T, Janni W, Müller V, Banys-Pachulowski M, Kolberg-Liedtke C, Jackisch C, Krug D, Albert US, Bauerfeind I, Blohmer J, Budach W, Dall P, Fallenberg EM, Fasching PA, Fehm T, Gerber B, Gluz O, Hanf V, Harbeck N, Heil J, Huober J, Kreipe HH, Kümmel S, Loibl S, Lüftner D, Lux MP, Maass N, Möbus V, Mundhenke C, Nitz U, Park-Simon TW, Reimer T, Rhiem K, Rody A, Schmidt M, Schneeweiss A, Schütz F, Sinn HP, Solbach C, Solomayer EF, Stickeler E, Thomssen C, Untch M, Witzel I, Wöckel A, Thill M, Ditsch N. AGO Recommendations for the Surgical Therapy of the Axilla After Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy: 2021 Update. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2021; 81:1112-1120. [PMID: 34629490 PMCID: PMC8494519 DOI: 10.1055/a-1499-8431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
For many decades, the standard procedure to treat breast cancer included complete dissection of the axillary lymph nodes. The aim was to determine histological node status, which was then used as the basis for adjuvant therapy, and to ensure locoregional tumour control. In addition to the debate on how to optimise the therapeutic strategies of systemic treatment and radiotherapy, the current discussion focuses on improving surgical procedures to treat breast cancer. As neoadjuvant chemotherapy is becoming increasingly important, the surgical procedures used to treat breast cancer, whether they are breast surgery or axillary dissection, are changing. Based on the currently available data, carrying out SLNE prior to neoadjuvant chemotherapy is not recommended. In contrast, surgical axillary management after neoadjuvant chemotherapy is considered the procedure of choice for axillary staging and can range from SLNE to TAD and ALND. To reduce the rate of false negatives
during surgical staging of the axilla in pN+
CNB
stage before NACT and ycN0 after NACT, targeted axillary dissection (TAD), the removal of > 2 SLNs (SLNE, no untargeted axillary sampling), immunohistochemistry to detect isolated tumour cells and micro-metastases, and marking positive lymph nodes before NACT should be the standard approach. This most recent update on surgical axillary management describes the significance of isolated tumour cells and micro-metastasis after neoadjuvant chemotherapy and the clinical consequences of low volume residual disease diagnosed using SLNE and TAD and provides an overview of this yearʼs AGO recommendations for surgical management of the axilla during primary surgery and in relation to neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Friedrich
- Klinik für Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe, HELIOS Klinikum Krefeld, Krefeld, Germany
| | | | - Wolfgang Janni
- Frauenklinik, Klinikum der Universität Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Volkmar Müller
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Gynäkologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maggie Banys-Pachulowski
- Klinik für Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe, UK-SH, Lübeck, Germany.,Medizinische Fakultät, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Christian Jackisch
- Klinik für Gynäkologie und Geburtshilfe, Sana Klinikum Offenbach, Offenbach, Germany
| | - David Krug
- Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Klinik für Strahlentherapie, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Ute-Susann Albert
- Klinik für Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ingo Bauerfeind
- Frauenklinik, Klinikum Landshut gemeinnützige GmbH, Landshut, Germany
| | - Jens Blohmer
- Klinik für Gynäkologie mit Brustzentrum des Universitätsklinikums der Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Wilfried Budach
- Strahlentherapie, Radiologie Düsseldorf, Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Peter Dall
- Frauenklinik, Städtisches Klinikum Lüneburg, Lüneburg, Germany
| | - Eva M Fallenberg
- Klinikum der Universität München, Campus Großhadern, Institut für Klinische Radiologie, München, Germany
| | | | - Tanja Fehm
- Klinik für Gynäkologie und Geburtshilfe, Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Bernd Gerber
- Universitätsfrauenklinik am Klinikum Südstadt, Klinikum Südstadt Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Oleg Gluz
- Evangelisches Krankenhaus Bethesda, Brustzentrum, Mönchengladbach, Germany
| | - Volker Hanf
- Frauenklinik, Nathanstift Klinikum Fürth, Fürth, Germany
| | - Nadia Harbeck
- Brustzentrum, Klinik für Gynäkologie und Geburtshilfe, Klinikum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München, Germany
| | - Jörg Heil
- Universitäts-Klinikum Heidelberg, Brustzentrum, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jens Huober
- Klinik für Gynäkologie und Geburtshilfe, Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | | | | | - Sibylle Loibl
- German Breast Group Forschungs GmbH, Neu-Isenburg, Germany
| | - Diana Lüftner
- Medizinische Klinik mit Schwerpunkt Hämatologie, Onkologie und Tumorimmunologie, Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Patrick Lux
- Kooperatives Brustzentrum Paderborn, Klinik für Gynäkologie und Geburtshilfe, Frauenklinik, St. Louise, Paderborn, St. Josefs-Krankenhaus, Salzkotten, St. Vincenz Krankenhaus GmbH, Germany
| | - Nicolai Maass
- Klinik für Gynäkologie und Geburtshilfe, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Volker Möbus
- Klinik für Gynäkologie und Geburtshilfe, Klinikum Frankfurt Höchst GmbH, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Christoph Mundhenke
- Klinik für Gynäkologie und Geburtshilfe, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Ulrike Nitz
- Evangelisches Krankenhaus Bethesda, Brustzentrum, Mönchengladbach, Germany
| | - Tjoung-Won Park-Simon
- Klinik für Gynäkologie und Geburtshilfe, Universitätsklinikum Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Toralf Reimer
- Universitätsfrauenklinik am Klinikum Südstadt, Klinikum Südstadt Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Kerstin Rhiem
- Zentrum Familiärer Brust- und Eierstockkrebs, Universitätsklinikum Köln, Köln, Germany
| | - Achim Rody
- Klinik für Gynäkologie und Geburtshilfe, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Marcus Schmidt
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Geburtshilfe und Frauengesundheit der Johannes-Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Florian Schütz
- Klinik für Gynäkologie und Geburtshilfe, Diakonissen Krankenhaus Speyer, Speyer, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Sinn
- Sektion Gynäkopathologie, Pathologisches Institut, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christine Solbach
- Klinik für Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe, Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Erich-Franz Solomayer
- Klinik für Frauenheilkunde, Geburtshilfe und Reproduktionsmedizin, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Homburg, Germany
| | - Elmar Stickeler
- Klinik für Gynäkologie und Geburtsmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christoph Thomssen
- Universitätsfrauenklinik, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle-Wittenberg, Germany
| | - Michael Untch
- Klinik für Gynäkologie und Geburtshilfe, Helios Klinikum Berlin-Buch, Berlin, Germany
| | - Isabell Witzel
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Gynäkologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Achim Wöckel
- Klinik für Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Marc Thill
- Klinik für Gynäkologie und Gynäkologische Onkologie, Agaplesion Markus Krankenhaus, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Nina Ditsch
- Frauenklinik, Universitätsklinikum Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
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6
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Hossain S, Hossain S. Mathematical and computational modeling for the determination of optical parameters of breast cancer cell. Electromagn Biol Med 2021; 40:447-458. [PMID: 34323633 DOI: 10.1080/15368378.2021.1958339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
This study enumerates the quantitative measurement of optical parameters used in several diagnostic procedures for malignant tissue. Optical diagnosis is proposed due to its non-invasive and non-destructive nature. This paper recapitulates Fresnel equation (polarization independent) to determine the characteristic critical angle of malignant tissue. The critical angle of malignant tissue is lower than healthier tissue and is therefore an optical parameter of interest for lesion tissue diagnosis. Similarly, a quantitative analysis is derived to commensurate refractive index and absorption and reflective property of tissue and its nuance with healthier counterparts. The second dichotomy of the research concentrates on comparing and validating the mathematical analysis with COMSOL Multiphysics® 5.2 simulation. The magnitude of malignant tissue reflectance is obtained across a range of incident angle ranging from 0° to 90°. The simulation results satiate the quantitative analysis with only 1.3% deviation. This quantitative result provides prospect of collaborating bio-electromagnetism results with Artificial Intelligence technology for active disease progression diagnosis utilizing minimum invasive diagnostic procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadeeb Hossain
- Department of Electrical Engineering , University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Shamera Hossain
- Department of Cardiology, Ibrahim Cardiac Hospital and Research Institute, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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7
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Brackstone M, Baldassarre FG, Perera FE, Cil T, Chavez Mac Gregor M, Dayes IS, Engel J, Horton JK, King TA, Kornecki A, George R, SenGupta SK, Spears PA, Eisen AF. Management of the Axilla in Early-Stage Breast Cancer: Ontario Health (Cancer Care Ontario) and ASCO Guideline. J Clin Oncol 2021; 39:3056-3082. [PMID: 34279999 DOI: 10.1200/jco.21.00934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To provide recommendations on the best strategies for the management and on the best timing and treatment (surgical and radiotherapeutic) of the axilla for patients with early-stage breast cancer. METHODS Ontario Health (Cancer Care Ontario) and ASCO convened a Working Group and Expert Panel to develop evidence-based recommendations informed by a systematic review of the literature. RESULTS This guideline endorsed two recommendations of the ASCO 2017 guideline for the use of sentinel lymph node biopsy in patients with early-stage breast cancer and expanded on that guideline with recommendations for radiotherapy interventions, timing of staging after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC), and mapping modalities. Overall, the ASCO 2017 guideline, seven high-quality systematic reviews, 54 unique studies, and 65 corollary trials formed the evidentiary basis of this guideline. RECOMMENDATIONS Recommendations are issued for each of the objectives of this guideline: (1) To determine which patients with early-stage breast cancer require axillary staging, (2) to determine whether any further axillary treatment is indicated for women with early-stage breast cancer who did not receive NAC and are sentinel lymph node-negative at diagnosis, (3) to determine which axillary strategy is indicated for women with early-stage breast cancer who did not receive NAC and are pathologically sentinel lymph node-positive at diagnosis (after a clinically node-negative presentation), (4) to determine what axillary treatment is indicated and what the best timing of axillary treatment for women with early-stage breast cancer is when NAC is used, and (5) to determine which are the best methods for identifying sentinel nodes.Additional information is available at www.asco.org/breast-cancer-guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Tulin Cil
- University Health Network, Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Ian S Dayes
- Juravinski Cancer Centre, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jay Engel
- Cancer Center of Southeastern Ontario, Kingston General Hospital, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Tari A King
- Dana Farber/Brigham & Women's Cancer Center, Boston, MA
| | | | - Ralph George
- Division of General Surgery, St Michael's Hospital, CIBC Breast Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sandip K SenGupta
- Pathology Department, Kingston General Hospital, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Patricia A Spears
- University of North Carolina Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Andrea F Eisen
- University of Toronto, Odette Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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8
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Fernandez-Gonzalez S, Falo C, Pla MJ, Verdaguer P, Nuñez D, Guma A, Soler T, Vethencourt A, Vázquez S, Fernandez-Montoli ME, Campos M, Pernas S, Gil M, Ponce J, Garcia-Tejedor A. Predictive factors for omitting lymphadenectomy in patients with node-positive breast cancer treated with neo-adjuvant systemic therapy. Breast J 2020; 26:888-896. [PMID: 32052521 DOI: 10.1111/tbj.13763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A pathologic complete response (pCR) in the axilla occurs in 30%-40% of patients with initially node-positive breast cancer after neo-adjuvant chemotherapy (NACT). Debate persists about whether to perform systematic axillary lymphadenectomy (ALND) in patients with initial node-positive disease and clinical complete response after NACT. We aimed to identify predictive factors of axillary pCR (ypN0) after NACT. This retrospective study analyzed data for all patients with initial biopsy-proven node-positive disease who underwent ALND after NACT between June 2008 and December 2016 at our institution. Clinical and pathologic features, recurrence and specific mortality rates were compared between patients who achieved an axillary pCR and those who did not (ypN0 vs ypN+, respectively). A total of 331 patients were included, of whom 128 (38.7%) became ypN0 after NACT. Among patients with >2 suspicious axillary lymph nodes before treatment, 54 (38%) achieved ypN0 status. The independent predictors of ypN0 were Ki-67 > 30 (OR 1.98; 95% CI, 1.146-3.381), HER2 positivity (OR 2.6; 95% CI, 1.354-5.108), nonluminal molecular-like subtype (OR 4.15; 95% CI, 2.068-5.108), and clinical complete response, defined as negative clinical and ultrasonographic findings (OR 2.8; 95% CI, 1.110-7.081). After a mean follow-up of 61 months, distant disease-free and overall survival rates were higher in patients with ypN0 disease (HR 4.14; 95% CI, 2.03-8.43) than ypN+ patients. Complete clinical response and the presence of nonluminal molecular-like subtypes independently predicted ypN0. Patients meeting these criteria might be suitable form omitting ALND and just performing targeted axillary procedures to patients meeting these criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergi Fernandez-Gonzalez
- Multidisciplinary Breast Cancer Unit, Department of Gynecology, Hospital Universitari Bellvitge, Idibell, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Catalina Falo
- Multidisciplinary Breast Cancer Unit, Department of Oncology, Institut Català d'Oncología, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria J Pla
- Multidisciplinary Breast Cancer Unit, Department of Gynecology, Hospital Universitari Bellvitge, Idibell, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paula Verdaguer
- Multidisciplinary Breast Cancer Unit, Department of Gynecology, Hospital Universitari Bellvitge, Idibell, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Diana Nuñez
- Multidisciplinary Breast Cancer Unit, Department of Gynecology, Hospital Universitari Bellvitge, Idibell, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Guma
- Multidisciplinary Breast Cancer Unit, Department of Radiology, Hospital Universitari Bellvitge, Idibell, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Teresa Soler
- Multidisciplinary Breast Cancer Unit, Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitari Bellvitge, Idibell, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrea Vethencourt
- Multidisciplinary Breast Cancer Unit, Department of Oncology, Institut Català d'Oncología, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Silvia Vázquez
- Multidisciplinary Breast Cancer Unit, Department of Gynecology, Hospital Universitari Bellvitge, Idibell, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Miriam Campos
- Multidisciplinary Breast Cancer Unit, Department of Gynecology, Hospital Universitari Bellvitge, Idibell, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sonia Pernas
- Multidisciplinary Breast Cancer Unit, Department of Oncology, Institut Català d'Oncología, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel Gil
- Multidisciplinary Breast Cancer Unit, Department of Oncology, Institut Català d'Oncología, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Ponce
- Multidisciplinary Breast Cancer Unit, Department of Gynecology, Hospital Universitari Bellvitge, Idibell, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Amparo Garcia-Tejedor
- Multidisciplinary Breast Cancer Unit, Department of Gynecology, Hospital Universitari Bellvitge, Idibell, Barcelona, Spain
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9
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Moustafa AFI, Kamal RM, Gomaa MMM, Mostafa S, Mubarak R, El-Adawy M. Quantitative mathematical objective evaluation of contrast-enhanced spectral mammogram in the assessment of response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy and prediction of residual disease in breast cancer. THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE 2019. [DOI: 10.1186/s43055-019-0041-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The aim of the study is to initiate a new quantitative mathematical objective tool for evaluation of response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) and prediction of residual disease in breast cancer using contrast-enhanced spectral mammography (CESM). Forty-two breast cancer patients scheduled for receiving NAC were included. All patients underwent two CESM examinations: pre and post NAC. To assess the response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy, we used a mathematical image analysis software that can calculate the difference in the intensity of enhancement between the pre and post neoadjuvant contrast images (MATLAB and Simulink) (Release 2013b). The proposed technique used the pre and post neoadjuvant contrast images as inputs. The technique consists of three main steps: (1) preprocessing, (2) extracting the region of interest (ROI), and (3) assessment of the response to chemotherapy by measuring the percentage of change in the intensity of enhancement of malignant lesions in the pre and post neoadjuvant CESM studies using a quantitative mathematical technique. This technique depends on the analysis of number of pixels included within the ROI. We compared this technique with the currently used method of evaluation: RECIST 1.1 (response evaluation criteria in solid tumors 1.1) and using another combined response evaluation approach using both RECIST 1.1 in addition to a subjective visual evaluation. Results were then correlated with the postoperative pathology evaluation using Miller–Payne grades. For statistical evaluation, patients were classified into responders and non-responders in all evaluation methods.
Results
According to the Miller–Payne criteria, 39/42 (92.9%) of the participants were responders (Miller–Payne grades III, IV, and IV) and 3/42 (7.1%) were non-responders (Miller–Payne grades I and II). Using the proposed technique, 39/39 (100%) were responders in comparison to 38/39 patients (97.4%) using the combined criteria and 34/39 (87.2%) using the RECIST 1.1 evaluation. The calculated correlation coefficient of the proposed quantitative objective mathematical technique, RECIST 1.1 criteria, and the combined method was 0.89, 0.59, and 0.69 respectively. With classification of patients into responder and non-responders, the objective mathematical evaluation showed higher sensitivity, positive and negative predictive values, and overall accuracy (100%, 97.5%, 100%, and 85.7% respectively) compared to RECIST 1.1 evaluation (87.2%, 97.1%, 28.6%, and 54.8% respectively) and the combined response method (97.4%, 97.4%, 66.7%, and 85.7% respectively).
Conclusion
Quantitative mathematical objective evaluation using CESM images allows objective quantitative and accurate evaluation of the response of breast cancer to chemotherapy and is recommended as an alternative to the subjective techniques as a part of the pre-operative workup.
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10
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Schütz F, Fasching PA, Welslau M, Hartkopf AD, Wöckel A, Lux MP, Janni W, Ettl J, Lüftner D, Belleville E, Kolberg HC, Overkamp F, Taran FA, Brucker SY, Wallwiener M, Tesch H, Fehm TN, Schneeweiss A, Müller V. Update Breast Cancer 2019 Part 4 - Diagnostic and Therapeutic Challenges of New, Personalised Therapies for Patients with Early Breast Cancer. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2019; 79:1079-1089. [PMID: 31656318 PMCID: PMC6805214 DOI: 10.1055/a-1001-9925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The further development of therapies for women with early breast cancer is progressing far more slowly than in the case of patients with advanced breast cancer and is additionally delayed compared to developments in metastatic breast cancer. Nonetheless, significant advancements have been able to be recorded recently. This review summarises the latest developments in view of the most recent publications and professional conferences. For hormone-receptor-positive patients, new aspects for the duration of antihormone therapy and with regard to the benefits of multigene tests have been published. In the case of HER2-positive patients, the value of post-neoadjuvant therapy and de-escalation of the therapy is discussed. In patients with triple-negative breast cancer, there is a question of whether the knowledge of the biological background of a homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) helps develop new therapies for this subtype. In particular the "use" of a BRCA1/2 mutation or the biological characteristic HRD as a potential motive for therapy plays a role here in specifying the significance of platinum therapy and therapy with PARP inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Schütz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter A. Fasching
- Erlangen University Hospital, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Andreas D. Hartkopf
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Achim Wöckel
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Michael P. Lux
- Kooperatives Brustzentrum Paderborn, Klinik für Gynäkologie und Geburtshilfe Frauenklinik St. Louise, Paderborn, St. Josefs-Krankenhaus, Salzkotten, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Janni
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Johannes Ettl
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Diana Lüftner
- Charité University Hospital, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumour Immunology, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Florin-Andrei Taran
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sara Y. Brucker
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Markus Wallwiener
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hans Tesch
- Oncology Practice at Bethanien Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Tanja N. Fehm
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Andreas Schneeweiss
- National Center for Tumor Diseases, Division Gynecologic Oncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Volkmar Müller
- Department of Gynecology, Hamburg-Eppendorf University Medical Center, Hamburg, Germany
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11
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Hartkopf AD, Müller V, Wöckel A, Lux MP, Janni W, Nabieva N, Taran FA, Ettl J, Lüftner D, Belleville E, Schütz F, Fasching PA, Fehm TN, Kolberg HC, Overkamp F, Schneeweiss A, Tesch H. Update Breast Cancer 2019 Part 1 - Implementation of Study Results of Novel Study Designs in Clinical Practice in Patients with Early Breast Cancer. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2019; 79:256-267. [PMID: 30880824 PMCID: PMC6414304 DOI: 10.1055/a-0842-6614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
For many years, small but significant advancements have been made time and again in the prevention and treatment of early breast cancer. The so-called panel gene analyses are becoming more and more important in prevention, since the risk due to the tested genes is better understood and as a result, concepts for integration in health care can be developed. In the adjuvant situation, the first study in the so-called post-neoadjuvant situation was able to demonstrate a clear improvement in the prognosis with an absent pathological complete remission following trastuzumab or pertuzumab + trastuzumab. Additional studies with this post-neoadjuvant therapeutic concept are still being conducted at present. The CDK4/6 inhibitors which had shown a significant improvement in progression-free survival in a metastatic situation are currently being tested in the adjuvant situation in large therapeutic studies. These and other new data for the treatment or prevention of primary breast cancer are presented in this review against the backdrop of current studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas D. Hartkopf
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Volkmar Müller
- Department of Gynecology, Hamburg-Eppendorf University Medical Center, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Achim Wöckel
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Michael P. Lux
- Erlangen University Hospital, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Janni
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Naiba Nabieva
- Erlangen University Hospital, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Florin-Andrei Taran
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Johannes Ettl
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Diana Lüftner
- Charité University Hospital, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumour Immunology, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Florian Schütz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter A. Fasching
- Erlangen University Hospital, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tanja N. Fehm
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | | | - Andreas Schneeweiss
- National Center for Tumor Diseases, Division Gynecologic Oncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hans Tesch
- Oncology Practice at Bethanien Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
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12
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Kantor O, Pesce C, Liederbach E, Wang CH, Winchester DJ, Yao K. Author's response. Breast J 2018; 24:1143. [PMID: 30051547 DOI: 10.1111/tbj.13105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Olga Kantor
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Catherine Pesce
- Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois.,Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Erik Liederbach
- Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois
| | - Chi-Hsiung Wang
- Center for Biomedical Research Informatics, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois
| | - David J Winchester
- Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois.,Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Katharine Yao
- Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois.,Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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13
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Desai AA, Hoskin TL, Day CN, Habermann EB, Boughey JC. Effect of Primary Breast Tumor Location on Axillary Nodal Positivity. Ann Surg Oncol 2018; 25:3011-3018. [PMID: 29968027 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-018-6590-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Variables such as tumor size, histology, and grade, tumor biology, presence of lymphovascular invasion, and patient age have been shown to impact likelihood of nodal positivity. The aim of this study is to determine whether primary location of invasive disease within the breast is associated with nodal positivity. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with invasive breast cancer undergoing axillary staging from 2010 to 2014 were identified from the National Cancer Data Base. Rates of axillary nodal positivity by primary tumor locations were compared, and multivariable analysis performed using logistic regression to control for factors known to impact nodal positivity. RESULTS A total of 599,722 patients met inclusion criteria. Likelihood of nodal positivity was greatest with primary tumors located in the nipple (43.8%), followed by multicentric disease (40.8%), central breast lesions (39.4%), and axillary tail lesions (38.4%). Tumor location remained independently associated with nodal positivity on multivariable analysis adjusting for variables known to affect nodal positivity with odds ratio 2.8 for tumors in the nipple [95% confidence interval (CI) 2.5-3.1], 2.2 for central breast (95% CI: 2.2-2.3), and 2.7 for axillary tail (95% CI: 2.4-2.9). When restricted to patients with clinically negative nodes (n = 430,949), a similar association was seen. CONCLUSION Patients with invasive breast cancer located in the nipple, central breast, and axillary tail have the highest risk of positive axillary lymph nodes independent of patient age, tumor grade, biologic subtype, histology, and size. This should be considered along with other factors in preoperative counseling and decision-making regarding plans for axillary lymph node staging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amita A Desai
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic Rochester, 200 First Street Southwest, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Tanya L Hoskin
- Department of Health Science Research, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Courtney N Day
- Department of Health Science Research, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Elizabeth B Habermann
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic Rochester, 200 First Street Southwest, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.,The Robert D. and Patricia E. Kern Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Judy C Boughey
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic Rochester, 200 First Street Southwest, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
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