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Mao R, Wang J, Xu Y, Wang Y, Wu M, Mao L, Chen Y, Li D, Zhang T, Diao E, Chi Z, Wang Y, Chang X. Oral delivery of bi-autoantigens by bacterium-like particles (BLPs) against autoimmune diabetes in NOD mice. Drug Deliv 2023; 30:2173339. [PMID: 36719009 PMCID: PMC9891168 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2023.2173339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Induction of oral tolerance by vaccination with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM)-associated autoantigens exhibits great potential in preventing and treating this autoimmune disease. However, antigen degradation in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) limits the delivery efficiency of oral antigens. Previously, bacterium-like particles (BLPs) have been used to deliver a single-chain insulin (SCI-59) analog (BLPs-SCI-59) or the intracellular domain of insulinoma-associated protein 2 (IA-2ic) (BLPs-IA-2ic). Both monovalent BLPs vaccines can suppress T1DM in NOD mice by stimulating the corresponding antigen-specific oral tolerance, respectively. Here, we constructed two bivalent BLPs vaccines which simultaneously deliver SCI-59 and IA-2ic (Bivalent vaccine-mix or Bivalent vaccine-SA), and evaluated whether there is an additive beneficial effect on tolerance induction and suppression of T1DM by treatment with BLPs-delivered bi-autoantigens. Compared to the monovalent BLPs vaccines, oral administration of the Bivalent vaccine-mix could significantly reduce morbidity and mortality in T1DM. Treatment with the bivalent BLPs vaccines (especially Bivalent vaccine-mix) endowed the mice with a stronger ability to regulate blood glucose and protect the integrity and function of pancreatic islets than the monovalent BLPs vaccines treatment. This additive effect of BLPs-delivered bi-autoantigens on T1DM prevention may be related to that SCI-59- and IA-2-specific Th2-like immune responses could be induced, which was more beneficial for the correction of Th1/Th2 imbalance. In addition, more CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) were induced by treatment with the bivalent BLPs vaccines than did the monovalent BLPs vaccines. Therefore, multiple autoantigens delivered by BLPs maybe a promising strategy to prevent T1DM by efficiently inducing antigen-specific immune tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruifeng Mao
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, School of Life Sciences, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai’an223300, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Nanjing Lishui People’s Hospital, Zhongda Hospital Lishui Branch, Southeast University, Nanjing211200, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, School of Life Sciences, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai’an223300, China
| | - Yuqi Wang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, School of Life Sciences, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai’an223300, China
| | - Mengmeng Wu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, School of Life Sciences, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai’an223300, China
| | - Lixia Mao
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, School of Life Sciences, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai’an223300, China
| | - Yingying Chen
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, School of Life Sciences, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai’an223300, China
| | - Dengchao Li
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, School of Life Sciences, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai’an223300, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, School of Life Sciences, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai’an223300, China
| | - Enjie Diao
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, School of Life Sciences, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai’an223300, China
| | - Zhenjing Chi
- Huai’an First People’s Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai’an223300, China
| | - Yefu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan430072, China
| | - Xin Chang
- Nanjing Lishui People’s Hospital, Zhongda Hospital Lishui Branch, Southeast University, Nanjing211200, China
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Shakya AK, Mallick B, Nandakumar KS. A Perspective on Oral Immunotherapeutic Tools and Strategies for Autoimmune Disorders. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1031. [PMID: 37376420 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11061031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral immune tolerance is a physiological process to achieve tolerance against autoimmunity by oral ingestion of self-antigen(s) or other therapeutics. At the cellular level, oral tolerance suppresses autoimmune diseases by activating FoxP-positive and -negative regulatory T cells (Tregs) and/or causing clonal anergy or deletion of autoreactive T cells, affecting B cell tolerance. However, oral delivery of antigens/biologics is challenging due to their instability in the harsh environment of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Several antigen/drug delivery tools and approaches, including micro/nanoparticles and transgenic plant-based delivery systems, have been explored to demonstrate oral immune tolerance for different autoimmune diseases successfully. However, despite the effectiveness, variation in results, dose optimization, and undesirable immune system activation are the limitations of the oral approach to further advancement. From this perspective, the current review discusses the oral tolerance phenomenon, cellular mechanisms, antigen delivery tools and strategies, and its challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Buddhadev Mallick
- Department of Zoology, Raniganj Girls College, Bardhaman 713358, West Bengal, India
| | - Kutty Selva Nandakumar
- Department of Environmental and Biosciences, School of Business, Innovation, and Sustainability, Halmstad University, 301 18 Halmstad, Sweden
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3
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Mao R, Yang M, Yang R, Chen Y, Diao E, Zhang T, Li D, Chang X, Chi Z, Wang Y. Oral delivery of the intracellular domain of the insulinoma-associated protein 2 (IA-2ic) by bacterium-like particles (BLPs) prevents type 1 diabetes mellitus in NOD mice. Drug Deliv 2022; 29:925-936. [PMID: 35311607 PMCID: PMC8942491 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2022.2053760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Antigen-specific immune tolerance, which possesses great potential in preventing or curing type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), can be induced by oral vaccination with T1DM-related autoantigens. However, direct administration of autoantigens via oral route exhibits a low tolerance-inducing effect as a result of the digestion of protein antigens in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and therefore, a large dosage of autoantigens may be needed. In this study, bacterium-like particles (BLPs) made from food-grade lactic acid bacteria were used to deliver the intracellular domain of the insulinoma-associated protein 2 (IA-2ic). For this purpose, BLPs-IA-2ic vaccine in which IA-2ic bound to the surface of BLPs was constructed. BLPs enhanced the stability of the delivered IA-2ic based on the stability analysis in vitro. Oral administration of BLPs-IA-2ic significantly reduced T1DM incidence in NOD mice. The mice fed BLPs-IA-2ic exhibited a significant reduction in insulitis and preserved the ability to secrete insulin. Immunologic analysis showed that oral vaccination with BLPs-IA-2ic induced antigen-specific T cell tolerance. The results revealed that the successful induction of immune tolerance was dependent on the immune deviation (in favor of T helper 2 responses) and CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ regulatory T cells. Hence, oral vaccination with BLPs-IA-2ic shows potential for application in preventing T1DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruifeng Mao
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an, China
| | - Menglan Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an, China
| | - Rui Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an, China
| | - Yingying Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an, China
| | - Enjie Diao
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an, China
| | - Dengchao Li
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an, China
| | - Xin Chang
- Nanjing Lishui People's Hospital, Zhongda Hospital Lishui Branch, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhenjing Chi
- Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, China
| | - Yefu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Aktar N, Chen T, Moudud A, Xu S, Zhou X. Tolerogenic vehicles of antigens in the antigen-specific immunotherapy for autoimmunity. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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5
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Pagni PP, Chaplin J, Wijaranakula M, Wesley JD, Granger J, Cracraft J, O'Brien C, Perdue N, Kumar V, Li S, Ratliff SS, Roach A, Misquith A, Chan CL, Coppieters K, von Herrath M. Multicomponent Plasmid Protects Mice From Spontaneous Autoimmune Diabetes. Diabetes 2021; 71:db210327. [PMID: 34389610 PMCID: PMC8763876 DOI: 10.2337/db21-0327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which insulin-secreting β-cells are destroyed, leading to a life-long dependency on exogenous insulin. There are no approved disease-modifying therapies available, and future immunotherapies would need to avoid generalized immune suppression. We developed a novel plasmid expressing preproinsulin2 and a combination of immune-modulatory cytokines (transforming growth factor-beta-1, interleukin [IL] 10 and IL-2) capable of near-complete prevention of autoimmune diabetes in non-obese diabetic mice. Efficacy depended on preproinsulin2, suggesting antigen-specific tolerization, and on the cytokine combination encoded. Diabetes suppression was achieved following either intramuscular or subcutaneous injections. Intramuscular plasmid treatment promoted increased peripheral levels of endogenous IL-10 and modulated myeloid cell types without inducing global immunosuppression. To prepare for first-in-human studies, the plasmid was modified to allow for selection without the use of antibiotic resistance; this modification had no impact on efficacy. This pre-clinical study demonstrates that this multi-component, plasmid-based antigen-specific immunotherapy holds potential for inducing self-tolerance in persons at risk of developing type 1 diabetes. Importantly, the study also informs on relevant cytokine and immune cell biomarkers that may facilitate clinical trials. This therapy is currently being tested for safety and tolerability in a phase 1 trial (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04279613).
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe P Pagni
- Type 1 Diabetes & Kidney Disease, Global Drug Discovery, Novo Nordisk Research Center Seattle, Inc., Seattle, WA, U.S.A
| | - Jay Chaplin
- Type 1 Diabetes & Kidney Disease, Global Drug Discovery, Novo Nordisk Research Center Seattle, Inc., Seattle, WA, U.S.A
| | - Michael Wijaranakula
- Type 1 Diabetes & Kidney Disease, Global Drug Discovery, Novo Nordisk Research Center Seattle, Inc., Seattle, WA, U.S.A
| | - Johnna D Wesley
- Type 1 Diabetes & Kidney Disease, Global Drug Discovery, Novo Nordisk Research Center Seattle, Inc., Seattle, WA, U.S.A
| | - Jaimie Granger
- Type 1 Diabetes & Kidney Disease, Global Drug Discovery, Novo Nordisk Research Center Seattle, Inc., Seattle, WA, U.S.A
| | - Justen Cracraft
- Type 1 Diabetes & Kidney Disease, Global Drug Discovery, Novo Nordisk Research Center Seattle, Inc., Seattle, WA, U.S.A
| | - Conor O'Brien
- Type 1 Diabetes & Kidney Disease, Global Drug Discovery, Novo Nordisk Research Center Seattle, Inc., Seattle, WA, U.S.A
| | - Nikole Perdue
- Type 1 Diabetes & Kidney Disease, Global Drug Discovery, Novo Nordisk Research Center Seattle, Inc., Seattle, WA, U.S.A
| | - Vijetha Kumar
- Type 1 Diabetes & Kidney Disease, Global Drug Discovery, Novo Nordisk Research Center Seattle, Inc., Seattle, WA, U.S.A
| | - Shangjin Li
- Type 1 Diabetes & Kidney Disease, Global Drug Discovery, Novo Nordisk Research Center Seattle, Inc., Seattle, WA, U.S.A
| | | | - Allie Roach
- Type 1 Diabetes & Kidney Disease, Global Drug Discovery, Novo Nordisk Research Center Seattle, Inc., Seattle, WA, U.S.A
| | - Ayesha Misquith
- Discovery Biologics, Global Research Technologies, Novo Nordisk Research Center Seattle, Inc., Seattle, WA, U.S.A
| | - Chung-Leung Chan
- Discovery Biologics, Global Research Technologies, Novo Nordisk Research Center Seattle, Inc., Seattle, WA, U.S.A
| | - Ken Coppieters
- Project and Alliance Management, Global Drug Discovery, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark
| | - Matthias von Herrath
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Global Chief Medical Office, Novo Nordisk A/S, Søborg, Denmark
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Ramzy A, Kieffer TJ. Altered islet prohormone processing: A cause or consequence of diabetes? Physiol Rev 2021; 102:155-208. [PMID: 34280055 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00008.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Peptide hormones are first produced as larger precursor prohormones that require endoproteolytic cleavage to liberate the mature hormones. A structurally conserved but functionally distinct family of nine prohormone convertase enzymes (PCs) are responsible for cleavage of protein precursors of which PC1/3 and PC2 are known to be exclusive to neuroendocrine cells and responsible for prohormone cleavage. Differential expression of PCs within tissues define prohormone processing; whereas glucagon is the major product liberated from proglucagon via PC2 in pancreatic α-cells, proglucagon is preferentially processed by PC1/3 in intestinal L cells to produce glucagon-like peptides 1 and 2 (GLP-1, GLP-2). Beyond our understanding of processing of islet prohormones in healthy islets, there is convincing evidence that proinsulin, proIAPP, and proglucagon processing is altered during prediabetes and diabetes. There is predictive value of elevated circulating proinsulin or proinsulin : C-peptide ratio for progression to type 2 diabetes and elevated proinsulin or proinsulin : C-peptide is predictive for development of type 1 diabetes in at risk groups. After onset of diabetes, patients have elevated circulating proinsulin and proIAPP and proinsulin may be an autoantigen in type 1 diabetes. Further, preclinical studies reveal that α-cells have altered proglucagon processing during diabetes leading to increased GLP-1 production. We conclude that despite strong associative data, current evidence is inconclusive on the potential causal role of impaired prohormone processing in diabetes, and suggest that future work should focus on resolving the question of whether altered prohormone processing is a causal driver or merely a consequence of diabetes pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Ramzy
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Timothy J Kieffer
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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7
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Mao R, Chen Y, Wu Q, Zhang T, Diao E, Wu D, Wang M, Liu Y, Lu L, Chang X, Zheng Y, Wang Y. Oral delivery of single-chain insulin (SCI-59) analog by bacterium-like particles (BLPs) induces oral tolerance and prevents autoimmune diabetes in NOD mice. Immunol Lett 2019; 214:37-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2019.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Abstract
Recent articles have highlighted the lack of reproducibility of data from scientific publications. Here we would argue that a better way to describe and also tackle this matter is to use the term "lack of robustness," since it points toward potential solutions. Presenting several case reports, we highlight examples with common underlying issues from Novo Nordisk's experience: animal model variability, reagent quality, and inter-lab variability. We discuss means to prevent these issues and argue for increased collaborative work and transparent manuscript revision procedures. Collectively, we believe these measures will help promote a more rapid and efficient self-corrective process in diabetes drug target research.
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9
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Coppieters K, von Herrath M. The Development of Immunotherapy Strategies for the Treatment of Type 1 Diabetes. Front Med (Lausanne) 2018; 5:283. [PMID: 30356664 PMCID: PMC6189286 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2018.00283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Optimized insulin therapies, increased use of continuous glucose monitoring/insulin pumps and most importantly the arrival of reliable closed loop systems will undeniably lead to a reduction in the burden of complications that arise from type 1 diabetes. However, insulin therapy will only ever treat the symptoms of the disease and will not alter the underlying pathology. The aim of immunotherapy treatment is to modulate the immune system, a strategy that has been successful in autoimmune conditions such as multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis and lupus. However, the success rate of immunotherapy treatment in type 1 diabetes has been low. There are several distinct stages of T1D development. In this review, we summarize the most important immunotherapeutic approaches tested thus far and focus on the characteristic features and unmet need within the different stages of the disease.
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Kihl P, Krych L, Buschard K, Wesley JD, Kot W, Hansen AK, Nielsen DS, von Herrath MG. Oral insulin does not alter gut microbiota composition of NOD mice. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2018; 34:e3010. [PMID: 29637693 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral insulin as a preventive strategy and/or treatment of type 1 diabetes has been the target of much research. Producing oral insulins is a complex and challenging task, with numerous pitfalls, due to physiological, physical, and biochemical barriers. Our aim was to determine the impact of oral insulin on the delicate gut microbiota composition. METHODS Female nonobese diabetic mice were given oral porcine insulin 2 times a week from 5 weeks of age for 4 weeks, and then subsequently once a week for 21 weeks, or until euthanized. The mice were divided into groups on a gluten-reduced diet or a standard diet. Gut microbiota composition was analysed based on faecal samples, and the type 1 diabetes incidence of the mice was monitored. RESULTS We observed no influence of the oral porcine insulin on the gut microbiota composition of mice on a gluten-reduced or a standard diet at 9 weeks of age. Also, the administration of oral insulin did not influence the incidence of type 1 diabetes at 30 weeks of age. CONCLUSIONS Oral porcine insulin does not alter the gut microbiota composition of nonobese diabetic mice on either a gluten-reduced diet or standard diet. Also, the oral porcine insulin did not influence the incidence of type 1 diabetes in the groups.
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MESH Headings
- Administration, Oral
- Animals
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/immunology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/microbiology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/pathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/microbiology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/pathology
- Dysbiosis/immunology
- Dysbiosis/pathology
- Feces/microbiology
- Female
- Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects
- Insulin, Regular, Pork/administration & dosage
- Insulin, Regular, Pork/adverse effects
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Swine
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Affiliation(s)
- Pernille Kihl
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lukasz Krych
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Johnna D Wesley
- Novo Nordisk Research Center Seattle, Inc., Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Witold Kot
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Axel Kornerup Hansen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dennis S Nielsen
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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11
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Nambam B, Bratina N, Schatz D. Immune Intervention for Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes Technol Ther 2018; 20:S86-S93. [PMID: 29437480 DOI: 10.1089/dia.2018.2507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bimota Nambam
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, Louisiana State University , Shreveport, Louisiana
| | - Natasa Bratina
- 2 Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Centre , University Children's Hospital, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Desmond Schatz
- 3 Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine , Gainesville, Florida
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12
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Grönholm J, Pagni PP, Pham MN, Gibson CB, Macomber PF, Vela JL, von Herrath M, Lenardo MJ. Metabolically inactive insulin analogue does not prevent autoimmune diabetes in NOD mice. Diabetologia 2017; 60:1475-1482. [PMID: 28455654 PMCID: PMC5661969 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-017-4276-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Insulin is widely considered to be a driver antigen in type 1 diabetes in humans and in mouse models of the disease. Therefore, insulin or insulin analogues are candidates for tolerogenic drugs to prevent disease onset in individuals with risk of diabetes. Previous experiments have shown that autoimmune diabetes can be prevented in NOD mice by repeated doses of insulin administered via an oral, nasal or parenteral route, but clinical trials in humans have not succeeded. The hypoglycaemic activity of insulin is dose-limiting in clinical studies attempting tolerance and disease prevention. Here, we aimed to investigate the therapeutic potential of metabolically inactive insulin analogue (MII) in NOD mice. METHODS The tolerogenic potential of MII to prevent autoimmune diabetes was studied by administering multiple i.v. or s.c. injections of MII to non-diabetic 7-12-week-old female NOD mice in three geographical colony locations. The incidence of diabetes was assessed from daily or weekly blood glucose measurements. The effect of MII on insulin autoantibody levels was studied using an electrochemiluminescence-based insulin autoantibody assay. The effect on the number of insulin-reactive CD8+ and CD4+ T lymphocytes in peripheral lymphoid tissue was studied with MHC class I and MHC class II tetramers, respectively. RESULTS We found that twice-weekly s.c. administration of MII accelerates rather than prevents diabetes. High-dose i.v. treatment did not prevent disease or affect insulin autoantibody levels, but it increased the amount of insulin-reactive CD4+ T lymphocytes in peripheral lymphoid tissue. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Our data suggest that parenteral MII, even when used in high doses, has little or no therapeutic potential in NOD mice and may exacerbate disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juha Grönholm
- Molecular Development of the Immune System Section, Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) and Clinical Genomics Program, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Room 11D14, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Philippe P Pagni
- Novo Nordisk Type 1 Diabetes Center, Novo Nordisk Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Minh N Pham
- Novo Nordisk Type 1 Diabetes Center, Novo Nordisk Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Claire B Gibson
- Novo Nordisk Type 1 Diabetes Center, Novo Nordisk Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - José Luis Vela
- Novo Nordisk Type 1 Diabetes Center, Novo Nordisk Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Matthias von Herrath
- Novo Nordisk Type 1 Diabetes Center, Novo Nordisk Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Michael J Lenardo
- Molecular Development of the Immune System Section, Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) and Clinical Genomics Program, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Room 11D14, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA.
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13
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Posgai AL, Wasserfall CH, Kwon KC, Daniell H, Schatz DA, Atkinson MA. Plant-based vaccines for oral delivery of type 1 diabetes-related autoantigens: Evaluating oral tolerance mechanisms and disease prevention in NOD mice. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42372. [PMID: 28205558 PMCID: PMC5304332 DOI: 10.1038/srep42372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoantigen-specific immunological tolerance represents a central objective for prevention of type 1 diabetes (T1D). Previous studies demonstrated mucosal antigen administration results in expansion of Foxp3+ and LAP+ regulatory T cells (Tregs), suggesting oral delivery of self-antigens might represent an effective means for modulating autoimmune disease. Early preclinical experiments using the non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse model reported mucosal administration of T1D-related autoantigens [proinsulin or glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 (GAD)] delayed T1D onset, but published data are conflicting regarding dose, treatment duration, requirement for combinatorial agents, and extent of efficacy. Recently, dogma was challenged in a report demonstrating oral insulin does not prevent T1D in NOD mice, possibly due to antigen digestion prior to mucosal immune exposure. We used transplastomic plants expressing proinsulin and GAD to protect the autoantigens from degradation in an oral vaccine and tested the optimal combination, dose, and treatment duration for the prevention of T1D in NOD mice. Our data suggest oral autoantigen therapy alone does not effectively influence disease incidence or result in antigen-specific tolerance assessed by IL-10 measurement and Treg frequency. A more aggressive approach involving tolerogenic cytokine administration and/or lymphocyte depletion prior to oral antigen-specific immunotherapy will likely be required to impart durable therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L. Posgai
- Departments of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Clive H. Wasserfall
- Departments of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Kwang-Chul Kwon
- Department of Biochemistry School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Henry Daniell
- Department of Biochemistry School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Desmond A. Schatz
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Mark A. Atkinson
- Departments of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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Zhang X, Xing S, Li M, Zhang L, Xie L, He W, Liu J, Chang S, Jiang F, Zhou P. Beyond knockout: A novel homodimerization-targeting MyD88 inhibitor prevents and cures type 1 diabetes in NOD mice. Metabolism 2016; 65:1267-77. [PMID: 27506734 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2016.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Revised: 04/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND AIMS Studies have reported that myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) plays an important role in the development of type 1 diabetes (T1D). The aim of this study was to determine the effects of the self-created MyD88 inhibitor, TJ-M2010-6, in preventing and treating T1D. METHODS Molecule docking and co-immunoprecipitation were used to determine the suppressing capability of TJ-M2010-6 on the homodimerization of MyD88. The preventive and therapeutic effects of TJ-M2010-6 were tested in NOD mice. RESULTS TJ-M2010-6 interacted with amino acid residues of the MyD88 TIR domain and inhibited MyD88 homodimerization. Continuous administration of TJ-M2010-6 significantly reduced the onset of diabetes during the observation period in NOD mice (36.4% vs. 80%, P<0.01). Although the immediate TJ-M2010-6 treatment group showed a retardation in the rise of their blood glucose level, the delayed treatment group did not show this effect. Mechanism studies have shown that TJ-M2010-6 treatment significantly inhibits insulitis in vivo. In vitro, TJ-M2010-6 inhibited the maturation of DCs, leading to the suppression of T cell activation and inflammatory cytokine secretion. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrated that the strategy targeted at the innate immune system using the MyD88 inhibitor had a profound significance in preventing and treating T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zhang
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Health, and Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education
| | - Shuai Xing
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Health, and Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education; Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Mingqiang Li
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Health, and Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education; Department of surgery, Taian City Central Hospital, Taian, 271000, China
| | - Limin Zhang
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Health, and Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education
| | - Lin Xie
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Health, and Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education
| | - Wentao He
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jianhua Liu
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Health, and Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education
| | - Sheng Chang
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Health, and Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education
| | - Fengchao Jiang
- Academy of Pharmacology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ping Zhou
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Health, and Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education.
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