1
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Goto H, Onozawa M, Teshima T. Novel CAR T cell therapies for patients with large B cell lymphoma. Int J Hematol 2024; 120:6-14. [PMID: 38795249 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-024-03792-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/27/2024]
Abstract
Approximately 60-70% of patients with large B cell lymphoma (LBCL) achieve long-term remission or a cure after initial treatment. However, patients who relapse or are refractory to initial treatment have a poor prognosis. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has recently attracted attention for its potential to provide a cure or long-term remission even for LBCL that has relapsed or is refractory to conventional chemotherapy. Currently, three CAR T cell products are clinically available for LBCL: tisagenlecleucel (tisa-cel), axicabtagene ciloleucel (axi-cel) and lisocabtagene maraleucel (liso-cel). These CAR T cell products were initially approved as third- or later-line therapies worldwide. Recently, axi-cel and liso-cel have become feasible as second-line therapies for patients with early relapsed or refractory disease after first-line chemotherapy. Although a large body of data on CAR T cell therapy has been accumulated, the clinical question of how to choose between these three available CAR T cell products has yet to be resolved. The appropriate approach to treatment selection for patients who relapse after CAR T cell therapy also remains unclear. This review discusses treatment strategies to maximize the benefits of CAR T cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Goto
- Division of Laboratory and Transfusion Medicine, Hokkaido University Hospital, W7, N15, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan.
| | - Masahiro Onozawa
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takanori Teshima
- Division of Laboratory and Transfusion Medicine, Hokkaido University Hospital, W7, N15, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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2
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Liu X, Zhao A, Xiao S, Li H, Li M, Guo W, Han Q. PD-1: A critical player and target for immune normalization. Immunology 2024; 172:181-197. [PMID: 38269617 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Immune system imbalances contribute to the pathogenesis of several different diseases, and immunotherapy shows great therapeutic efficacy against tumours and infectious diseases with immune-mediated derivations. In recent years, molecules targeting the programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) immune checkpoint have attracted much attention, and related signalling pathways have been studied clearly. At present, several inhibitors and antibodies targeting PD-1 have been utilized as anti-tumour therapies. However, increasing evidence indicates that PD-1 blockade also has different degrees of adverse side effects, and these new explorations into the therapeutic safety of PD-1 inhibitors contribute to the emerging concept that immune normalization, rather than immune enhancement, is the ultimate goal of disease treatment. In this review, we summarize recent advancements in PD-1 research with regard to immune normalization and targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuening Liu
- Institute of Immunopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Alison Zhao
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine at Case Western Reserve School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Su Xiao
- Institute of Immunopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- People's Hospital of Zhoucun, Zibo, Shandong, China
| | - Haohao Li
- Institute of Immunopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Menghua Li
- Institute of Immunopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Jinan, China
| | - Qiuju Han
- Institute of Immunopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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3
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Li X, Zhao L, Li W, Gao P, Zhang N. HER2-targeting CAR-T cells show highly efficient anti-tumor activity against glioblastoma both in vitro and in vivo. Genes Immun 2024; 25:201-208. [PMID: 38702509 PMCID: PMC11178492 DOI: 10.1038/s41435-024-00275-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive malignant primary brain tumor in adults. Current treatment options for GBM include surgical resection, radiation, and chemotherapy, which predominantly slow cancer growth and reduce symptoms, resulting in a 5-year survival rate of no more than 10%. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy is a new class of cellular immunotherapy that has made great progress in treating malignant tumors. Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is overexpressed in GBM and may provide a potential therapeutic target for GBM treatment. In this study, we constructed third-generation CAR-T cells targeting the HER2 antigen in GBM. HER2-CAR-T cells showed effective anti-tumor activity both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, HER2-specific CAR-T cells exhibited strong cytotoxicity and cytokine-secreting abilities against GBM cells in vitro. Anti-HER2 CAR-T cells also exhibited increased cytotoxicity with increasing effector-to-target ratios. Anti-HER2 CAR-T cells delivered via peritumoral injection successfully stunted tumor progression in vivo. Moreover, peritumoral intravenous administration of anti-HER2 CAR-T cells resulted in therapeutic improvement against GBM cells compared with intravenous administration. In conclusion, our study shows that HER2 CAR-T cells represent an emerging immunotherapy for treating GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueying Li
- Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, 116023, China
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases and World Premier International Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Lifen Zhao
- Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, 116023, China
| | - Wenzhe Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, 515041, China
| | - Peng Gao
- Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, 116023, China.
| | - Nianzhu Zhang
- Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, 116023, China.
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4
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Huang Y, Qin Y, He Y, Qiu D, Zheng Y, Wei J, Zhang L, Yang DH, Li Y. Advances in molecular targeted drugs in combination with CAR-T cell therapy for hematologic malignancies. Drug Resist Updat 2024; 74:101082. [PMID: 38569225 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2024.101082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Molecular targeted drugs and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy represent specific biological treatments that have significantly improved the efficacy of treating hematologic malignancies. However, they face challenges such as drug resistance and recurrence after treatment. Combining molecular targeted drugs and CAR-T cells could regulate immunity, improve tumor microenvironment (TME), promote cell apoptosis, and enhance sensitivity to tumor cell killing. This approach might provide a dual coordinated attack on cancer cells, effectively eliminating minimal residual disease and overcoming therapy resistance. Moreover, molecular targeted drugs can directly or indirectly enhance the anti-tumor effect of CAR-T cells by inducing tumor target antigen expression, reversing CAR-T cell exhaustion, and reducing CAR-T cell associated toxic side effects. Therefore, combining molecular targeted drugs with CAR-T cells is a promising and novel tactic for treating hematologic malignancies. In this review article, we focus on analyzing the mechanism of therapy resistance and its reversal of CAR-T cell therapy resistance, as well as the synergistic mechanism, safety, and future challenges in CAR-T cell therapy in combination with molecular targeted drugs. We aim to explore the benefits of this combination therapy for patients with hematologic malignancies and provide a rationale for subsequent clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxian Huang
- Department of Hematology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yinjie Qin
- Department of Hematology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, Guangdong, China
| | - Yingzhi He
- Department of Hematology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, Guangdong, China
| | - Dezhi Qiu
- Department of Hematology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, Guangdong, China
| | - Yeqin Zheng
- Department of Hematology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiayue Wei
- Department of Hematology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, Guangdong, China
| | - Lenghe Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, Guangdong, China
| | - Dong-Hua Yang
- New York College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Mineola, NY, USA.
| | - Yuhua Li
- Department of Hematology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, Guangdong, China.
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5
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Li J, Hu H, Lian K, Zhang D, Hu P, He Z, Zhang Z, Wang Y. CAR-NK cells in combination therapy against cancer: A potential paradigm. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27196. [PMID: 38486782 PMCID: PMC10937699 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Various preclinical and a limited number of clinical studies of CAR-NK cells have shown promising results: efficient elimination of target cells without side effects similar to CAR-T therapy. However, the homing and infiltration abilities of CAR-NK cells are poor due to the inhibitory tumor microenvironment. From the perspective of clinical treatment strategies, combined with the biological and tumor microenvironment characteristics of NK cells, CAR-NK combination therapy strategies with anti-PD-1/PD-L1, radiotherapy and chemotherapy, kinase inhibitors, proteasome inhibitors, STING agonist, oncolytic virus, photothermal therapy, can greatly promote the proliferation, migration and cytotoxicity of the NK cells. In this review, we will summarize the targets selection, structure constructions and combinational therapies of CAR-NK cells for tumors to provide feasible combination strategies for overcoming the inhibitory tumor microenvironment and improving the efficacy of CAR-NK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junping Li
- Department of Radiology, Xiangyang No. 1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, Hubei, 441000, China
| | - Hong Hu
- Department of Radiology, Xiangyang No. 1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, Hubei, 441000, China
| | - Kai Lian
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangyang No. 1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, Hubei, 441000, China
| | - Dongdong Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Xiangyang No. 1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, Hubei, 441000, China
| | - Pengchao Hu
- Department of Oncology, Xiangyang No. 1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, Hubei, 441000, China
| | - Zhibing He
- Department of Radiology, Xiangyang No. 1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, Hubei, 441000, China
| | - Zhenfeng Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Translational Medicine Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Nano-Biomedical Technology for Diagnosis and Therapy & Guangdong Provincial Education Department Key Laboratory of Nano-Immunoregulation Tumour Microenvironment, Central Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Radiology, Xiangyang No. 1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, Hubei, 441000, China
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6
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Chen Z, Hu Y, Mei H. Advances in CAR-Engineered Immune Cell Generation: Engineering Approaches and Sourcing Strategies. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2303215. [PMID: 37906032 PMCID: PMC10724421 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202303215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy has emerged as a highly efficacious treatment modality for refractory and relapsed hematopoietic malignancies in recent years. Furthermore, CAR technologies for cancer immunotherapy have expanded from CAR-T to CAR-natural killer cell (CAR-NK), CAR-cytokine-induced killer cell (CAR-CIK), and CAR-macrophage (CAR-MΦ) therapy. Nevertheless, the high cost and complex manufacturing processes of ex vivo generation of autologous CAR products have hampered broader application. There is an urgent need to develop an efficient and economical paradigm shift for exploring new sourcing strategies and engineering approaches toward generating CAR-engineered immune cells to benefit cancer patients. Currently, researchers are actively investigating various strategies to optimize the preparation and sourcing of these potent immunotherapeutic agents. In this work, the latest research progress is summarized. Perspectives on the future of CAR-engineered immune cell manufacturing are provided, and the engineering approaches, and diverse sources used for their development are focused upon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaozhao Chen
- Institute of HematologyUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and Technology1277 Jiefang AvenueWuhanHubei430022China
- Hubei Clinical Medical Center of Cell Therapy for Neoplastic DiseaseWuhan430022China
| | - Yu Hu
- Institute of HematologyUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and Technology1277 Jiefang AvenueWuhanHubei430022China
- Hubei Clinical Medical Center of Cell Therapy for Neoplastic DiseaseWuhan430022China
| | - Heng Mei
- Institute of HematologyUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and Technology1277 Jiefang AvenueWuhanHubei430022China
- Hubei Clinical Medical Center of Cell Therapy for Neoplastic DiseaseWuhan430022China
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7
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Liu Z, Xu X, Liu H, Zhao X, Yang C, Fu R. Immune checkpoint inhibitors for multiple myeloma immunotherapy. Exp Hematol Oncol 2023; 12:99. [PMID: 38017516 PMCID: PMC10685608 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-023-00456-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is related to immune disorders, recent studys have revealed that immunotherapy can greatly benefit MM patients. Immune checkpoints can negatively modulate the immune system and are closely associated with immune escape. Immune checkpoint-related therapy has attracted much attention and research in MM. However, the efficacy of those therapies need further improvements. There need more thoughts about the immune checkpoint to translate their use in clinical work. In our review, we aggregated the currently known immune checkpoints and their corresponding ligands, further more we propose various ways of potential translation applying treatment based on immune checkpoints for MM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyun Liu
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Xintong Xu
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Xianghong Zhao
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Chun Yang
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Rong Fu
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China.
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8
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Dunn ZS, Qu Y, MacMullan M, Chen X, Cinay G, Wang P. Secretion of 4-1BB Ligand Crosslinked to PD-1 Checkpoint Inhibitor Potentiates Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cell Solid Tumor Efficacy. Hum Gene Ther 2023; 34:1145-1161. [PMID: 36851890 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2022.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has transformed the treatment of hematological malignancies but has yet to achieve similar success in solid tumors due to a lack of persistence and function in the tumor microenvironment. We previously reported the augmentation of CAR T cell therapy in an engineered solid tumor model through the secretion of anti-PD-1 single-chain fragment variable region (scFv), as shown by enhanced CAR T cell antitumor efficacy, expansion, and vitality. We have since improved the platform to create a superior cellular product-CAR T cells secreting single-chain trimeric 4-1BB ligand fused to anti-PD-1 scFv (αPD1-41BBL). 4-1BB signaling promotes cytotoxic T lymphocyte proliferation and survival but targeting 4-1BB with agonist antibodies in the clinic has been hindered by low antitumor activity and high toxicity. CAR T cells using 4-1BB endodomain for costimulatory signals have demonstrated milder antitumor response and longer persistence compared to CAR T cells costimulated by CD28 endodomain. We have, for the first time, engineered CD28-costimulated CAR T cells to secrete a fusion protein containing the soluble trimeric 4-1BB ligand. In vitro and in vivo, CAR19.αPD1-41BBL T cells exhibited reduced inhibitory receptor upregulation, enhanced persistence and proliferation, and a less differentiated memory status compared to CAR T cells without additional 4-1BB:4-1BBL costimulation. Accordingly, CAR19.αPD1-41BBL T cell-treated mice displayed significantly improved tumor growth control and overall survival. Spurred on by our preclinical success targeting CD19 as a model antigen, we produced mesothelin-targeting CAR T cells and confirmed the enhanced solid tumor efficacy of αPD1-41BBL-secreting CAR T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary S Dunn
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Yun Qu
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Melanie MacMullan
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Xianhui Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Gunce Cinay
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Pin Wang
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Du S, Yan J, Xue Y, Zhong Y, Dong Y. Adoptive cell therapy for cancer treatment. EXPLORATION (BEIJING, CHINA) 2023; 3:20210058. [PMID: 37933232 PMCID: PMC10624386 DOI: 10.1002/exp.20210058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) is a rapidly growing anti-cancer strategy that has shown promise in treating various cancer types. The concept of ACT involves activating patients' own immune cells ex vivo and then transferring them back to the patients to recognize and eliminate cancer cells. Currently, the commonly used ACT includes tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), genetically engineered immune cells, and dendritic cells (DCs) vaccines. With the advancement of cell culture and genetic engineering techniques, ACT has been used in clinics to treat malignant hematological diseases and many new ACT-based regimens are in different stages of clinical trials. Here, representative ACT approaches are introduced and the opportunities and challenges for clinical translation of ACT are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Du
- Division of Pharmaceutics and PharmacologyCollege of PharmacyOhio State UniversityColumbusUSA
- Icahn Genomics InstitutePrecision Immunology InstituteDepartment of Oncological SciencesTisch Cancer InstituteFriedman Brain InstituteIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUSA
| | - Jingyue Yan
- Division of Pharmaceutics and PharmacologyCollege of PharmacyOhio State UniversityColumbusUSA
- Icahn Genomics InstitutePrecision Immunology InstituteDepartment of Oncological SciencesTisch Cancer InstituteFriedman Brain InstituteIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUSA
| | - Yonger Xue
- Division of Pharmaceutics and PharmacologyCollege of PharmacyOhio State UniversityColumbusUSA
- Icahn Genomics InstitutePrecision Immunology InstituteDepartment of Oncological SciencesTisch Cancer InstituteFriedman Brain InstituteIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUSA
| | - Yichen Zhong
- Division of Pharmaceutics and PharmacologyCollege of PharmacyOhio State UniversityColumbusUSA
- Icahn Genomics InstitutePrecision Immunology InstituteDepartment of Oncological SciencesTisch Cancer InstituteFriedman Brain InstituteIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUSA
| | - Yizhou Dong
- Division of Pharmaceutics and PharmacologyCollege of PharmacyOhio State UniversityColumbusUSA
- Icahn Genomics InstitutePrecision Immunology InstituteDepartment of Oncological SciencesTisch Cancer InstituteFriedman Brain InstituteIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUSA
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10
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Khawar MB, Ge F, Afzal A, Sun H. From barriers to novel strategies: smarter CAR T therapy hits hard to tumors. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1203230. [PMID: 37520522 PMCID: PMC10375020 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1203230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy for solid tumors shows promise, but several hurdles remain. Strategies to overcome barriers such as CAR T therapy-related toxicities (CTT), immunosuppression, and immune checkpoints through research and technology are needed to put the last nail to the coffin and offer hope for previously incurable malignancies. Herein we review current literature and infer novel strategies for the mitigation of CTT while impeding immune suppression, stromal barriers, tumor heterogeneity, on-target/off-tumor toxicities, and better transfection strategies with an emphasis on clinical research and prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Babar Khawar
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Experimental & Translational Non-Coding RNA Research Yangzhou, Yangzhou, China
- Applied Molecular Biology and Biomedicine Lab, Department of Zoology, University of Narowal, Narowal, Pakistan
| | - Fei Ge
- Haian Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ali Afzal
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Experimental & Translational Non-Coding RNA Research Yangzhou, Yangzhou, China
| | - Haibo Sun
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Experimental & Translational Non-Coding RNA Research Yangzhou, Yangzhou, China
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11
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Sailer CJ, Hong Y, Dahal A, Ryan AT, Mir S, Gerber SA, Reagan PM, Kim M. PD-1 Hi CAR-T cells provide superior protection against solid tumors. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1187850. [PMID: 37388744 PMCID: PMC10303811 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1187850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy has emerged as a promising treatment option for several hematologic cancers. However, efforts to achieve the same level of therapeutic success in solid tumors have largely failed mainly due to CAR-T cell exhaustion and poor persistence at the tumor site. Although immunosuppression mediated by augmented programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) expression has been proposed to cause CAR-T cell hypofunction and limited clinical efficacy, little is known about the underlying mechanisms and immunological consequences of PD-1 expression on CAR-T cells. With flow cytometry analyses and in vitro and in vivo anti-cancer T cell function assays, we found that both manufactured murine and human CAR-T cell products displayed phenotypic signs of T cell exhaustion and heterogeneous expression levels of PD-1. Unexpectedly, PD-1high CAR-T cells outperformed PD-1low CAR-T cells in multiple T cell functions both in vitro and in vivo. Despite the achievement of superior persistence at the tumor site in vivo, adoptive transfer of PD-1high CAR-T cells alone failed to control tumor growth. Instead, a PD-1 blockade combination therapy significantly delayed tumor progression in mice infused with PD-1high CAR-T cells. Therefore, our data demonstrate that robust T cell activation during the ex vivo CAR-T cell manufacturing process generates a PD-1high CAR-T cell subset with improved persistence and enhanced anti-cancer functions. However, these cells may be vulnerable to the immunosuppressive microenvironment and require combination with PD-1 inhibition to maximize therapeutic functions in solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cooper J. Sailer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
- Department of Pathology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Yeonsun Hong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Ankit Dahal
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Allison T. Ryan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Sana Mir
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Scott A. Gerber
- Department of Surgery, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Patrick M. Reagan
- Department of Medicine, Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Minsoo Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
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12
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Xu H, Li N, Wang G, Cao Y. Predictive short/long-term efficacy biomarkers and resistance mechanisms of CD19-directed CAR-T immunotherapy in relapsed/refractory B-cell lymphomas. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1110028. [PMID: 37051246 PMCID: PMC10083339 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1110028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetically modified T-cell immunotherapies are revolutionizing the therapeutic options for hematological malignancies, especially those of B-cell origin. Impressive efficacies of CD19-directed chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T therapy have been reported in refractory/relapsed (R/R) B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) patients who were resistant to current standard therapies, with a complete remission (CR) rate of approximately 50%. At the same time, problems of resistance and relapse following CAR-T therapy have drawn growing attention. Recently, great efforts have been made to determine various factors that are connected to the responses and outcomes following CAR-T therapy, which may not only allow us to recognize those with a higher likelihood of responding and who could benefit most from the therapy but also identify those with a high risk of resistance and relapse and to whom further appropriate treatment should be administered following CAR-T therapy. Thus, we concentrate on the biomarkers that can predict responses and outcomes after CD19-directed CAR-T immunotherapy. Furthermore, the mechanisms that may lead to treatment failure are also discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Xu
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Immunotherapy Research Center for Hematologic Diseases of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ningwen Li
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Immunotherapy Research Center for Hematologic Diseases of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Gaoxiang Wang
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Immunotherapy Research Center for Hematologic Diseases of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- *Correspondence: Gaoxiang Wang, ; Yang Cao,
| | - Yang Cao
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Immunotherapy Research Center for Hematologic Diseases of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- *Correspondence: Gaoxiang Wang, ; Yang Cao,
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13
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Wang X, Lai Z, Pang Y, Sun Q, Yang W, Wang W. PD-1 blocking strategy for enhancing the anti-tumor effect of CAR T cells targeted CD105. Heliyon 2023; 9:e12688. [PMID: 36685461 PMCID: PMC9849980 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpos CD105 has become a promising target of immunotherapy development for highly specific expression on the neovascular surface of most types of tumor cells. In previous studies, we constructed a CAR T cell (CD105 CAR T cell) and observed significant antitumor activity. In this study, we optimized the structure of CD105 CAR to increase PD-1 antibody secretion function (CD105 × PD-1 CAR T cells). Methods we tested whether Increased PD-1 antibody secretion with CAR T cells targeted CD105 could promote in vitro proliferation, proinflammatory cytokine production and cytotoxicity,or not. For the in vivo experiments, we constructed a subcutaneously transplanted tumor model and placed it in NOD/SCID mice to verify the anti-tumor effect of this therapy. Results Our data showed that the PD-1 antibody secreted by CD105 × PD-1 CAR T cells could specifically bind to the PD-1 receptor of T cells then blocked the PD-1/PD-L-1 signaling pathway, thus enhancing the activation and proliferation of CAR T cells. After incubation of CD105 × PD-1 CAR T cells with HepG2 as a hepatocellular carcinoma cell line expressing CD105, the results showed that CD105 × PD-1 CAR T cells increased the expression levels of CD69 and CD62L, enhanced the proliferation capacity of CAR T cells, and secreted more IL-2, TNF-α and IFN-γ than CD105 CAR T cells. Conclusion These data showed that CD105 × PD-1 CAR T cells was specifically killing tumor cells in vitro and in vivo. Our findings may therefore provide a promising new strategy for the improvement of CAR T therapy for solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, School of Tropical Medicine Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570100, China,Department of Anesthesiology, Haikou Third People's Hospital, Haikou, 570100, China
| | - Zhiheng Lai
- Department of Anorectal, Hainan Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Haikou, 570100, China
| | - Yanyang Pang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570100, China
| | - Qinghui Sun
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, School of Tropical Medicine Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570100, China
| | - Wenli Yang
- Department of Anatomy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563006, China,Corresponding author. Department of Anatomy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563006, China.
| | - Wu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, School of Tropical Medicine Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570100, China,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Nanobody Research, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China,Corresponding author. Laboratory of Tropical Biomedicine and Biotechnology, School of Tropical Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570100, China.
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14
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Qi X, Li J, Luo P. Glycyrrhizin for treatment of CRS caused by CAR T-cell therapy: A pharmacological perspective. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1134174. [PMID: 36923358 PMCID: PMC10009180 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1134174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR T)-cell therapy promises to revolutionize the management of hematologic malignancies and possibly other tumors. However, the main side effect of cytokine release syndrome (CRS) is a great challenge for its clinical application. Currently, treatment of CRS caused by CAR T-cell therapy is limited to tocilizumab (TCZ) and corticosteroids in clinical guidelines. However, the theoretical risks of these two agents may curb clinicians' enthusiasm for their application, and the optimal treatment is still debated. CAR T-cell therapy induced-CRS treatment is a current research focus. Glycyrrhizin, which has diverse pharmacological effects, good tolerance, and affordability, is an ideal therapeutic alternative for CRS. It can also overcome the shortcoming of TCZ and corticosteroids. In this brief article, we discuss the therapeutic potential of glycyrrhizin for treating CRS caused by CAR T-cell therapy from the perspective of its pharmacological action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxing Qi
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Pan Luo
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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15
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Jin S, Zhang Y, Zhou F, Chen X, Sheng J, Zhang J. TIGIT: A promising target to overcome the barrier of immunotherapy in hematological malignancies. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1091782. [PMID: 36605439 PMCID: PMC9807865 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1091782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune evasion through up-regulating checkpoint inhibitory receptors on T cells plays an essential role in tumor initiation and progression. Therefore, immunotherapy, including immune checkpoint inhibitor targeting programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) therapy, has become a promising strategy for hematological malignancies. T cell immunoreceptor with immunoglobulin and ITIM domain (TIGIT) is a novel checkpoint inhibitory receptor expressed on immune cells, including cytotoxic T cells, regulatory T cells, and NK cells. TIGIT participates in immune regulation via binding to its ligand CD155. Blockage of TIGIT has provided evidence of considerable efficacy in solid tumors in preclinical research and clinical trials, especially when combined with PD-1 inhibition. However, the mechanism and function of TIGIT in hematological malignancies have not been comprehensively studied. In this review, we focus on the role of TIGIT in hematological malignancies and discuss therapeutic strategies targeting TIGIT, which may provide a promising immunotherapy target for hematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenhe Jin
- Department of Hematology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ye Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fengping Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaochang Chen
- Department of Hematology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianpeng Sheng
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Jin Zhang,
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16
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Abstract
Significance: Immune cell therapy involves the administration of immune cells into patients, and it has emerged as one of the most common type of immunotherapy for cancer treatment. Knowledge on the biology and metabolism of the adoptively transferred immune cells and the metabolic requirements of different cell types in the tumor is fundamental for the development of immune cell therapy with higher efficacy. Recent Advances: Adoptive T cell therapy has been shown to be effective in limited types of cancer. Different types and generations of adoptive T cell therapies have evolved in the recent decade. This review covers the basic principles and development of these therapies in cancer treatment. Critical Issues: Our review provides an overview on the basic concepts on T cell metabolism and highlights the metabolic requirements of T and adoptively transferred T cells. Future Directions: Integrating the knowledge just cited will facilitate the development of strategies to maximize the expansion of adoptively transferred T cells ex vivo and in vivo and to promote their durability and antitumor effects. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 37, 1303-1324.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Hui Tan
- Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Comprehensive Cancer Centre, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Carmen Chak-Lui Wong
- Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Center for Oncology and Immunology, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, SAR, China
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17
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Gribkova IV. CAR NK-сells for the treatment of hematological malignancies: A review. JOURNAL OF MODERN ONCOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.26442/18151434.2022.3.201699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Hematological malignant neoplasms include more than a hundred different subtypes and account for about 4.8% of all neoplastic diseases in Russia. Despite significant advances in diagnosis and treatment, many of them remain incurable. In recent years, cell-based therapy appears to be a promising approach to the treatment of these incurable hematologic malignancies, showing striking results in various clinical trials. The most studied and advanced cell therapy is the therapy with T-lymphocytes modified with chimeric antigen receptors (CAR). However, although the US Food and Drug Administration has approved CAR T cells for the treatment of B-cell lymphoma and acute lymphoblastic leukemia, significant problems remain in terms of production, cost, and serious side effects. An alternative to the use of T cells can be the use of innate immune cells, in particular natural killer cells (NK), which have a high antitumor potential. Recent studies have shown the antitumor efficacy of a therapy that uses genetically modified natural killer cells CAR NK cells. The purpose of this review was to describe and systematize the experience of using CAR NK cells for the treatment of hematological neoplasms. The review presents the advantages and disadvantages of this method, as well as the problems that still have to be solved for its widespread introduction into clinical practice.
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18
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Zhang Q, Zhang Z, Liu G, Li D, Gu Z, Zhang L, Pan Y, Cui X, Wang L, Liu G, Tian X, Zhang Z. B7-H3 targeted CAR-T cells show highly efficient anti-tumor function against osteosarcoma both in vitro and in vivo. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:1124. [PMID: 36320072 PMCID: PMC9628043 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-10229-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteosarcoma (OS) mainly happens in children and youths. Surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy are the common therapies for osteosarcoma treatment but all their anti-tumor effects are limited. In recent years, a new cellular therapy, CAR-T, a cellular immunotherapy with genetically engineered T cells bearing chimeric antigen receptor targeting specific tumor-associated antigen, has been proved to be an effective therapy against acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Thus, CAR-T is a potentially effective therapy for osteosarcoma treatment. METHODS A CAR gene targeting B7-H3 antigen was constructed into lentiviral vector through molecular biology techniques. Then, the CAR gene was transferred to T cells through lentiviral delivery system, and the CAR-T cells were largely expanded using in vitro culture technology. The in vitro anti-tumor effect of CAR-T cells was evaluated through Real Time Cell Analysis system (RTCA) and ELISA assay. The in vivo anti-tumor capabilities of CAR-T cells were evaluated using the patient-derived xenografts (PDX) model of osteosarcoma. RESULTS The third-generation CAR-T cells we constructed could target the B7-H3 antigen, and the phenotype of CAR-T cells was consistent with normal T cells; The CAR-T cells showed superior antitumor effects both in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSION Our study showed that B7-H3 targeted CAR-T cells had high anti-tumor efficacy against osteosarcoma both in vitro and in vivo, which proved that B7-H3 targeted CAR-T therapy is potentially effective for osteosarcoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- Shanghai Yihao Biological Technology Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 200231 China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- grid.411333.70000 0004 0407 2968Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, National Children’s Medical Center & Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 201102 China
| | - Guodi Liu
- Shanghai Yihao Biological Technology Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 200231 China ,grid.28056.390000 0001 2163 4895State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237 China
| | - Dehua Li
- Shanghai Yihao Biological Technology Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 200231 China
| | - Zhangjie Gu
- Shanghai Yihao Biological Technology Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 200231 China
| | - Linsong Zhang
- Shanghai Yihao Biological Technology Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 200231 China
| | - Yingjiao Pan
- Shanghai Yihao Biological Technology Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 200231 China
| | - Xingbing Cui
- Shanghai Yihao Biological Technology Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 200231 China
| | - Lu Wang
- Shanghai Yihao Biological Technology Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 200231 China
| | - Guoping Liu
- grid.411525.60000 0004 0369 1599Department of General Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - Xiaoli Tian
- Shanghai Yihao Biological Technology Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 200231 China ,Shanghai Beautiful Life Medical Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, 200231 China
| | - Ziming Zhang
- grid.412987.10000 0004 0630 1330Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092 China ,grid.415625.10000 0004 0467 3069Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200062 China
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19
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Zhou X, Ni Y, Liang X, Lin Y, An B, He X, Zhao X. Mechanisms of tumor resistance to immune checkpoint blockade and combination strategies to overcome resistance. Front Immunol 2022; 13:915094. [PMID: 36189283 PMCID: PMC9520263 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.915094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has rapidly transformed the treatment paradigm for various cancer types. Multiple single or combinations of ICB treatments have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration, providing more options for patients with advanced cancer. However, most patients could not benefit from these immunotherapies due to primary and acquired drug resistance. Thus, a better understanding of the mechanisms of ICB resistance is urgently needed to improve clinical outcomes. Here, we focused on the changes in the biological functions of CD8+ T cells to elucidate the underlying resistance mechanisms of ICB therapies and summarized the advanced coping strategies to increase ICB efficacy. Combinational ICB approaches and individualized immunotherapies require further in-depth investigation to facilitate longer-lasting efficacy and a more excellent safety of ICB in a broader range of patients.
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20
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Philipp N, Kazerani M, Nicholls A, Vick B, Wulf J, Straub T, Scheurer M, Muth A, Hänel G, Nixdorf D, Sponheimer M, Ohlmeyer M, Lacher SM, Brauchle B, Marcinek A, Rohrbacher L, Leutbecher A, Rejeski K, Weigert O, von Bergwelt-Baildon M, Theurich S, Kischel R, Jeremias I, Bücklein V, Subklewe M. T-cell exhaustion induced by continuous bispecific molecule exposure is ameliorated by treatment-free intervals. Blood 2022; 140:1104-1118. [PMID: 35878001 PMCID: PMC10652962 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2022015956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
T-cell-recruiting bispecific molecule therapy has yielded promising results in patients with hematologic malignancies; however, resistance and subsequent relapse remains a major challenge. T-cell exhaustion induced by persistent antigen stimulation or tonic receptor signaling has been reported to compromise outcomes of T-cell-based immunotherapies. The impact of continuous exposure to bispecifics on T-cell function, however, remains poorly understood. In relapsed/refractory B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients, 28-day continuous infusion with the CD19xCD3 bispecific molecule blinatumomab led to declining T-cell function. In an in vitro model system, mimicking 28-day continuous infusion with the half-life-extended CD19xCD3 bispecific AMG 562, we identified hallmark features of exhaustion arising over time. Continuous AMG 562 exposure induced progressive loss of T-cell function (day 7 vs day 28 mean specific lysis: 88.4% vs 8.6%; n = 6; P = .0003). Treatment-free intervals (TFIs), achieved by AMG 562 withdrawal, were identified as a powerful strategy for counteracting exhaustion. TFIs induced strong functional reinvigoration of T cells (continuous vs TFI-specific lysis on day 14: 34.9% vs 93.4%; n = 6; P < .0001) and transcriptional reprogramming. Furthermore, use of a TFI led to improved T-cell expansion and tumor control in vivo. Our data demonstrate the relevance of T-cell exhaustion in bispecific antibody therapy and highlight that T cells can be functionally and transcriptionally rejuvenated with TFIs. In view of the growing number of bispecific molecules being evaluated in clinical trials, our findings emphasize the need to consider and evaluate TFIs in application schedules to improve clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Philipp
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
- Laboratory for Translational Cancer Immunology, LMU Gene Center, Munich, Germany
| | - Maryam Kazerani
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
- Laboratory for Translational Cancer Immunology, LMU Gene Center, Munich, Germany
| | - Alyssa Nicholls
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
- Laboratory for Translational Cancer Immunology, LMU Gene Center, Munich, Germany
| | - Binje Vick
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (HMGU), Munich, Germany
| | - Jan Wulf
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
- Laboratory for Translational Cancer Immunology, LMU Gene Center, Munich, Germany
| | - Tobias Straub
- Bioinformatics Unit, Biomedical Center, LMU Munich, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Michaela Scheurer
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
- Laboratory for Translational Cancer Immunology, LMU Gene Center, Munich, Germany
| | - Amelie Muth
- Laboratory for Translational Cancer Immunology, LMU Gene Center, Munich, Germany
| | - Gerulf Hänel
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
- Laboratory for Translational Cancer Immunology, LMU Gene Center, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Nixdorf
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
- Laboratory for Translational Cancer Immunology, LMU Gene Center, Munich, Germany
| | - Monika Sponheimer
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
- Laboratory for Translational Cancer Immunology, LMU Gene Center, Munich, Germany
| | - Malte Ohlmeyer
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
- Laboratory for Translational Cancer Immunology, LMU Gene Center, Munich, Germany
| | - Sonja M. Lacher
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
- Laboratory for Translational Cancer Immunology, LMU Gene Center, Munich, Germany
| | - Bettina Brauchle
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
- Laboratory for Translational Cancer Immunology, LMU Gene Center, Munich, Germany
| | - Anetta Marcinek
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
- Laboratory for Translational Cancer Immunology, LMU Gene Center, Munich, Germany
| | - Lisa Rohrbacher
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
- Laboratory for Translational Cancer Immunology, LMU Gene Center, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexandra Leutbecher
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
- Laboratory for Translational Cancer Immunology, LMU Gene Center, Munich, Germany
| | - Kai Rejeski
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
- Laboratory for Translational Cancer Immunology, LMU Gene Center, Munich, Germany
| | - Oliver Weigert
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Experimental Leukemia and Lymphoma Research, Department of Medicine III, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Sebastian Theurich
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Roman Kischel
- AMGEN Research Munich GmbH, Munich, Germany
- AMGEN Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA
| | - Irmela Jeremias
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (HMGU), Munich, Germany
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Veit Bücklein
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
- Laboratory for Translational Cancer Immunology, LMU Gene Center, Munich, Germany
| | - Marion Subklewe
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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21
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Lv B, Wang Y, Ma D, Cheng W, Liu J, Yong T, Chen H, Wang C. Immunotherapy: Reshape the Tumor Immune Microenvironment. Front Immunol 2022; 13:844142. [PMID: 35874717 PMCID: PMC9299092 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.844142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) include tumor cells, immune cells, cytokines, etc. The interactions between these components, which are divided into anti-tumor and pro-tumor, determine the trend of anti-tumor immunity. Although the immune system can eliminate tumor through the cancer-immune cycle, tumors appear to eventually evade from immune surveillance by shaping an immunosuppressive microenvironment. Immunotherapy reshapes the TIME and restores the tumor killing ability of anti-tumor immune cells. Herein, we review the function of immune cells within the TIME and discuss the contribution of current mainstream immunotherapeutic approaches to remolding the TIME. Changes in the immune microenvironment in different forms under the intervention of immunotherapy can shed light on better combination treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingzhe Lv
- Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yunpeng Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Dongjiang Ma
- Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wei Cheng
- Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Tao Yong
- Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,Department of Surgical Oncology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
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22
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Zhang X, Zhu L, Zhang H, Chen S, Xiao Y. CAR-T Cell Therapy in Hematological Malignancies: Current Opportunities and Challenges. Front Immunol 2022; 13:927153. [PMID: 35757715 PMCID: PMC9226391 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.927153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy represents a major breakthrough in cancer treatment, and it has achieved unprecedented success in hematological malignancies, especially in relapsed/refractory (R/R) B cell malignancies. At present, CD19 and BCMA are the most common targets in CAR-T cell therapy, and numerous novel therapeutic targets are being explored. However, the adverse events related to CAR-T cell therapy might be serious or even life-threatening, such as cytokine release syndrome (CRS), CAR-T-cell-related encephalopathy syndrome (CRES), infections, cytopenia, and CRS-related coagulopathy. In addition, due to antigen escape, the limited CAR-T cell persistence, and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, a considerable proportion of patients relapse after CAR-T cell therapy. Thus, in this review, we focus on the progress and challenges of CAR-T cell therapy in hematological malignancies, such as attractive therapeutic targets, CAR-T related toxicities, and resistance to CAR-T cell therapy, and provide some practical recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Jinshazhou Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Institute of Clinical Medicine College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lingling Zhu
- Cancer Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- School of Medicine, Jishou University, Jishou, China
| | - Shanshan Chen
- Cancer Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Xiao
- Institute of Clinical Medicine College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Hematology, Shenzhen Qianhai Shekou Pilot Free Trade Zone Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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23
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Tang OY, Tian L, Yoder T, Xu R, Kulikovskaya I, Gupta M, Melenhorst JJ, Lacey SF, O’Rourke DM, Binder ZA. PD1 Expression in EGFRvIII-Directed CAR T Cell Infusion Product for Glioblastoma Is Associated with Clinical Response. Front Immunol 2022; 13:872756. [PMID: 35603165 PMCID: PMC9120664 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.872756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor variant III (EGFRvIII) has been investigated as a therapeutic target for chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy in glioblastoma. Earlier research demonstrated that phenotypic and genotypic characteristics in T cells and CAR T product predicted therapeutic success in hematologic malignancies, to date no determinants for clinical response in solid tumors have been identified. We analyzed apheresis and infusion products from the first-in-human trial of EGFRvIII-directed CAR T for recurrent glioblastoma (NCT02209376) by flow cytometry. Clinical response was quantified via engraftment in peripheral circulation and progression-free survival (PFS), as determined by the time from CAR T infusion to first radiographic evidence of progression. The CD4+CAR T cell population in patient infusion products demonstrated PD1 expression which positively correlated with AUC engraftment and PFS. On immune checkpoint inhibitor analysis, CTLA-4, TIM3, and LAG3 did not exhibit significant associations with engraftment or PFS. The frequencies of PD1+GZMB+ and PD1+HLA-DR+ CAR T cells in the CD4+ infusion products were directly proportional to AUC and PFS. No significant associations were observed within the apheresis products. In summary, PD1 in CAR T infusion products predicted peripheral engraftment and PFS in recurrent glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Y. Tang
- GBM Translational Center of Excellence, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Lifeng Tian
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Todd Yoder
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Rong Xu
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Irina Kulikovskaya
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Minnal Gupta
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jan Joseph Melenhorst
- GBM Translational Center of Excellence, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Simon F. Lacey
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Donald M. O’Rourke
- GBM Translational Center of Excellence, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Zev A. Binder
- GBM Translational Center of Excellence, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- *Correspondence: Zev A. Binder,
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Nguyen A, Johanning G, Shi Y. Emerging Novel Combined CAR-T Cell Therapies. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14061403. [PMID: 35326556 PMCID: PMC8945996 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14061403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary As a result of FDA approval of CAR-T cell treatments in the last few years, this immunotherapy has provided further direction to precision medicine through its combination with other therapeutic approaches. In the past year, several review articles have been published focusing on advances in this fast-developing field, especially with respect to efforts to overcome hurdles associated with applying CAR-T cells in solid tumors. This review paper focuses on combining CAR-T cell therapy with small molecule drugs, up-to-date progress in CAR-T cell therapy research, and advances in combined CAR-T immunotherapy with other treatments targeting solid tumors. Abstract Chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) T cells are T cells engineered to express membrane receptors with high specificity to recognize specific target antigens presented by cancer cells and are co-stimulated with intracellular signals to increase the T cell response. CAR-T cell therapy is emerging as a novel therapeutic approach to improve T cell specificity that will lead to advances in precision medicine. CAR-T cells have had impressive outcomes in hematological malignancies. However, there continue to be significant limitations of these therapeutic responses in targeting solid malignancies such as heterogeneous antigens in solid tumors, tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment, risk of on-target/off-tumor, infiltrating CAR-T cells, immunosuppressive checkpoint molecules, and cytokines. This review paper summarizes recent approaches and innovations through combination therapies of CAR-T cells and other immunotherapy or small molecule drugs to counter the above disadvantages to potentiate the activity of CAR-T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anh Nguyen
- College of Graduate Studies, California Northstate University, Elk Grove, CA 95757, USA;
| | | | - Yihui Shi
- College of Medicine, California Northstate University, Elk Grove, CA 95757, USA
- Correspondence:
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25
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Cheng WJ, Chuang KH, Lo YJ, Chen M, Chen YJ, Roffler SR, Ho HO, Lin SY, Sheu MT. Bispecific T-cell engagers non-covalently decorated drug-loaded PEGylated nanocarriers for cancer immunochemotherapy. J Control Release 2022; 344:235-248. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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26
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Harnessing Antitumor CD4 + T Cells for Cancer Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14010260. [PMID: 35008422 PMCID: PMC8750687 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14010260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Diverse evidence revealed that CD4+ T cells play an important role in antitumor immunity by promoting or suppressing cytotoxic T cell responses. This review outlines the role of CD4+ T subsets within the tumor microenvironment and summarizes the latest progress regarding their potentials in cancer immunotherapy and methods for improving outcomes in cancer strategies by modulating CD4+ T responses. Abstract Over the past decades, CD4+ T cells have been considered as a supporting actor in the fields of cancer immunotherapy. Until recently, accumulating evidence has demonstrated the critical role of CD4+ T cells during antitumor immunity. CD4+ T cells can either suppress or promote the antitumor cytotoxic CD8+ T cell responses, either in secondary lymphoid organs or in the tumor. In this review, we provide an overview of the multifaceted role of different CD4+ T cell subsets in cancer immune response and their contribution during cancer therapies. Specifically, we focus on the latest progress regarding the impact of CD4+ T cell modulation on immunotherapies and other cancer therapies and discuss the prospect for harnessing CD4+ T cells to control tumor progression and prevent recurrence in patients.
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27
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Xie D, Jin X, Sun R, Zhang M, Wang J, Xiong X, Zhang X, Zhao M. Relapse Mechanism and Treatment Strategy After Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Therapy in Treating B-Cell Hematological Malignancies. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2022; 21:15330338221118413. [PMID: 35989682 PMCID: PMC9403467 DOI: 10.1177/15330338221118413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past few decades, immunotherapy has revolutionized the modern medical oncology field. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy has a promising curative effect in the treatment of hematological malignancies. Anti-CD19 CAR-T cells are the most mature CAR-T cells recently studied and in recent years it has achieved a complete remission rate of approximately 90% in the treatment of B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). Although CAR-T cell therapy has greatly alleviated the disease in patients with leukemia or lymphoma, some of them still relapse after treatment. Therefore, in this article, we discuss the factors that may contribute to disease relapse following CAR-T cell therapy and summarize potential strategies to overcome these obstacles, thus providing the possibility of improving standard treatment regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danni Xie
- The First Central Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Jin
- Department of Hematology, 66571Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Rui Sun
- 481107Nankai University School of Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- The First Central Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiaxi Wang
- The First Central Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xia Xiong
- The First Central Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaomei Zhang
- 481107Nankai University School of Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Mingfeng Zhao
- The First Central Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Department of Hematology, 66571Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China.,481107Nankai University School of Medicine, Tianjin, China
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28
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Zhang ZZ, Wang T, Wang XF, Zhang YQ, Song SX, Ma CQ. Improving the ability of CAR-T cells to hit solid tumors: Challenges and strategies. Pharmacol Res 2021; 175:106036. [PMID: 34920118 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.106036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) therapy is a late-model of immune cell therapy that has been shown to be effective in refractory/recurrent B-cell leukemia and lymphoma. Compared with the traditional anti-tumor methods, CAR-T cell therapy has the advantages of higher specificity, stronger lethality and longer-lasting efficacy. Although CAR-T cells have made significant progress in the treatment of hematologic malignancies, diverse difficulties remain in the treatment of solid tumors, including immune escape due to tumor antigen heterogeneity, preventing entry or limiting the persistence of CAR-T cells by physical or cytokine barriers and along with other immunosuppressive molecule and cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Otherwise, the intracellular signaling of CAR also impact on CAR-T cells persistence. Appropriate modification of intracellular costimulatory molecular signal in the structure of CAR or coexpression of CAR and cytokines can provide a way to enhance CAR-T cells activity. Additionally, CAR-T cells dysfunction due to T cell exhaustion is associated with multi-factors, especially transcription factors, such as c-Jun, NR4A. Engineering CAR-T cells to coexpress or knockout transcription factors in favor of TCM memory CAR-T cells differentiation was proved to prolonged the survival of CAR-T cells. Finally, combination of CAR-T cells with oncolytic viruses, nanoparticles or immune checkpoint inhibitors provides an effective measure to improve CAR-T cells function. Here, we discuss all of these advances and challenges and review promising strategies for treating solid tumors. In particular, we also highlight that CAR-T cells have enormous potential to be used in combination with other immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Zheng Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Hebei Medical University, Key Laboratory of Immune Mechanism and Intervention for Serious Diseases in Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang 050017, Heibei, China
| | - Tian Wang
- Department of Immunology, Hebei Medical University, Key Laboratory of Immune Mechanism and Intervention for Serious Diseases in Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang 050017, Heibei, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Wang
- Department of Immunology, Hebei Medical University, Key Laboratory of Immune Mechanism and Intervention for Serious Diseases in Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang 050017, Heibei, China
| | - Yu-Qing Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Hebei Medical University, Key Laboratory of Immune Mechanism and Intervention for Serious Diseases in Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang 050017, Heibei, China
| | - Shu-Xia Song
- Department of Immunology, Hebei Medical University, Key Laboratory of Immune Mechanism and Intervention for Serious Diseases in Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang 050017, Heibei, China.
| | - Cui-Qing Ma
- Department of Immunology, Hebei Medical University, Key Laboratory of Immune Mechanism and Intervention for Serious Diseases in Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang 050017, Heibei, China.
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29
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Hansen BT, Bacher P, Eiz-Vesper B, Heckl SM, Klapper W, Koch K, Maecker-Kolhoff B, Baldus CD, Fransecky L. Adoptive Cell Transfer of Allogeneic Epstein–Barr Virus-Specific T Lymphocytes for Treatment of Refractory EBV-Associated Posttransplant Smooth Muscle Tumors: A Case Report. Front Immunol 2021; 12:727814. [PMID: 34925312 PMCID: PMC8677671 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.727814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Posttransplant smooth muscle tumors (PTSMTs) are rare Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)-associated neoplasms, mostly occurring after solid organ transplantation. Current therapeutic strategies include surgery and reduction of immunosuppressive medication. We describe for the first time a novel treatment approach for PTSMT by adoptive cell transfer (ACT) of EBV-specific T cells to a 20-year-old patient with a medical history of cardiac transplantation, posttransplant lymphoproliferative disease, and multilocular PTSMT. During ACT, mild cytokine release syndrome occurred, while no unexpected safety signals were recorded. We observed in vivo expansion of EBV-specific T cells and reduction of EBV viremia. Best response was stable disease after 4 months with reduction of EBV viremia and normalization of lactate dehydrogenase levels. ACT with EBV-specific T cells may be a safe and efficacious therapeutic option for PTSMT that warrants further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bjoern-Thore Hansen
- Medical Department II – Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Petra Bacher
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Britta Eiz-Vesper
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Engineering, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Steffen M. Heckl
- Medical Department II – Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Wolfram Klapper
- Section for Hematopathology and Lymph Node Registry, Department of Pathology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Karoline Koch
- Section for Hematopathology and Lymph Node Registry, Department of Pathology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Britta Maecker-Kolhoff
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Claudia D. Baldus
- Medical Department II – Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Lars Fransecky
- Medical Department II – Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
- *Correspondence: Lars Fransecky,
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30
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Xia W, Tao Z, Zhu B, Zhang W, Liu C, Chen S, Song M. Targeted Delivery of Drugs and Genes Using Polymer Nanocarriers for Cancer Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9118. [PMID: 34502028 PMCID: PMC8431379 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the primary causes of worldwide human deaths. Most cancer patients receive chemotherapy and radiotherapy, but these treatments are usually only partially efficacious and lead to a variety of serious side effects. Therefore, it is necessary to develop new therapeutic strategies. The emergence of nanotechnology has had a profound impact on general clinical treatment. The application of nanotechnology has facilitated the development of nano-drug delivery systems (NDDSs) that are highly tumor selective and allow for the slow release of active anticancer drugs. In recent years, vehicles such as liposomes, dendrimers and polymer nanomaterials have been considered promising carriers for tumor-specific drug delivery, reducing toxicity and improving biocompatibility. Among them, polymer nanoparticles (NPs) are one of the most innovative methods of non-invasive drug delivery. Here, we review the application of polymer NPs in drug delivery, gene therapy, and early diagnostics for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Siyu Chen
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China; (W.X.); (Z.T.); (B.Z.); (W.Z.); (C.L.)
| | - Mingming Song
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China; (W.X.); (Z.T.); (B.Z.); (W.Z.); (C.L.)
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31
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Yin Z, Zhang Y, Wang X. Advances in chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy for B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Biomark Res 2021; 9:58. [PMID: 34256851 PMCID: PMC8278776 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-021-00309-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-NHL) is a group of heterogeneous disease which remains incurable despite developments of standard chemotherapy regimens and new therapeutic agents in decades. Some individuals could have promising response to standard therapy while others are unresponsive to standard chemotherapy or relapse after autologous hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (ASCT), which indicates the necessity to develop novel therapies for refractory or relapsed B-NHLs. In recent years, a novel cell therapy, chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy (CAR-T), was invented to overcome the limitation of traditional treatments. Patients with aggressive B-NHL are considered for CAR-T cell therapy when they have progressive lymphoma after second-line chemotherapy, relapse after ASCT, or require a third-line therapy. Clinical trials of anti-CD19 CAR-T cell therapy have manifested encouraging efficacy in refractory or relapsed B-NHL. However, adverse effects of this cellular therapy including cytokine release syndrome, neurotoxicity, tumor lysis syndrome and on-target, off-tumor toxicities should attract our enough attention despite the great anti-tumor effects of CAR-T cell therapy. Although CAR-T cell therapy has shown remarkable results in patients with B-NHL, the outcomes of patients with B-NHL were inferior to patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The inferior response rate may be associated with physical barrier of lymphoma, tumor microenvironment and low quality of CAR-T cells manufactured from B-NHL patients. Besides, some patients relapsed after anti-CD19 CAR-T cell therapy, which possibly were due to limited CAR-T cells persistence, CD19 antigen escape or antigen down-regulation. Quite a few new antigen-targeted CAR-T products and new-generation CAR-T, for example, CD20-targeted CAR-T, CD79b-targeted CAR-T, CD37-targeted CAR-T, multi-antigen-targeted CAR-T, armored CAR-T and four-generation CAR-T are developing rapidly to figure out these deficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixun Yin
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China.,School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Ya Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China. .,School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China. .,Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China. .,Shandong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Lymphoma, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China. .,Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 251006, China.
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China. .,School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China. .,Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China. .,Shandong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Lymphoma, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China. .,Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 251006, China.
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32
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Moreno V, Hernandez T, de Miguel M, Doger B, Calvo E. Adoptive cell therapy for solid tumors: Chimeric antigen receptor T cells and beyond. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2021; 59:70-84. [PMID: 34153896 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2021.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Adoptive cell therapy with chimeric antigen receptor T cells has caused a significant revolution in the treatment of hematological malignancies. Unfortunately, for solid tumors, this treatment modality has been proven insufficient to achieve significant antitumor activity. The use of modified T cell receptors towards tumor-associated antigens (NY-ESO, MAGE-A4) has recently shown antitumor activity in synovial sarcoma. Also, treatment with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes shows clinical activity in metastatic cervical cancer and melanoma resistant to checkpoint inhibitors. Strategies to improve results and broaden the applicability of therapeutic lymphocytes for solid tumors include local delivery, fourth generation chimeric antigen receptor T cells, off-the-shelf T lymphocytes and private neoantigen-directed cells, among others. In this review, we summarize the status of adoptive cell therapy using T cells for solid tumors and the investigational strategies being tested in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Moreno
- START Madrid-FJD, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jimenez Diaz, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Tatiana Hernandez
- START Madrid-FJD, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jimenez Diaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria de Miguel
- START Madrid-CIOCC: Centro Integral Oncológico Clara Campal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Bernard Doger
- START Madrid-FJD, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jimenez Diaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Emiliano Calvo
- START Madrid-CIOCC: Centro Integral Oncológico Clara Campal, Madrid, Spain
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Soltantoyeh T, Akbari B, Karimi A, Mahmoodi Chalbatani G, Ghahri-Saremi N, Hadjati J, Hamblin MR, Mirzaei HR. Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T Cell Therapy for Metastatic Melanoma: Challenges and Road Ahead. Cells 2021; 10:cells10061450. [PMID: 34207884 PMCID: PMC8230324 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastatic melanoma is the most aggressive and difficult to treat type of skin cancer, with a survival rate of less than 10%. Metastatic melanoma has conventionally been considered very difficult to treat; however, recent progress in understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the tumorigenesis, metastasis and immune escape have led to the introduction of new therapies. These include targeted molecular therapy and novel immune-based approaches such as immune checkpoint blockade (ICB), tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), and genetically engineered T-lymphocytes such as chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells. Among these, CAR T cell therapy has recently made promising strides towards the treatment of advanced hematological and solid cancers. Although CAR T cell therapy might offer new hope for melanoma patients, it is not without its shortcomings, which include off-target toxicity, and the emergence of resistance to therapy (e.g., due to antigen loss), leading to eventual relapse. The present review will not only describe the basic steps of melanoma metastasis, but also discuss how CAR T cells could treat metastatic melanoma. We will outline specific strategies including combination approaches that could be used to overcome some limitations of CAR T cell therapy for metastatic melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahereh Soltantoyeh
- Department of Medical Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417613151, Iran; (T.S.); (B.A.); (G.M.C.); (N.G.-S.); (J.H.)
| | - Behnia Akbari
- Department of Medical Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417613151, Iran; (T.S.); (B.A.); (G.M.C.); (N.G.-S.); (J.H.)
| | - Amirali Karimi
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417613151, Iran;
| | - Ghanbar Mahmoodi Chalbatani
- Department of Medical Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417613151, Iran; (T.S.); (B.A.); (G.M.C.); (N.G.-S.); (J.H.)
| | - Navid Ghahri-Saremi
- Department of Medical Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417613151, Iran; (T.S.); (B.A.); (G.M.C.); (N.G.-S.); (J.H.)
| | - Jamshid Hadjati
- Department of Medical Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417613151, Iran; (T.S.); (B.A.); (G.M.C.); (N.G.-S.); (J.H.)
| | - Michael R. Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa;
- Radiation Biology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Mirzaei
- Department of Medical Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417613151, Iran; (T.S.); (B.A.); (G.M.C.); (N.G.-S.); (J.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +98-21-64053268; Fax: +98-21-66419536
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34
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Lee JB, Vasic D, Kang H, Fang KKL, Zhang L. State-of-Art of Cellular Therapy for Acute Leukemia. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094590. [PMID: 33925571 PMCID: PMC8123829 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
With recent clinical breakthroughs, immunotherapy has become the fourth pillar of cancer treatment. Particularly, immune cell-based therapies have been envisioned as a promising treatment option with curative potential for leukemia patients. Hence, an increasing number of preclinical and clinical studies focus on various approaches of immune cell-based therapy for treatment of acute leukemia (AL). However, the use of different immune cell lineages and subsets against different types of leukemia and patient disease statuses challenge the interpretation of the clinical applicability and outcome of immune cell-based therapies. This review aims to provide an overview on recent approaches using various immune cell-based therapies against acute B-, T-, and myeloid leukemias. Further, the apparent limitations observed and potential approaches to overcome these limitations are discussed.
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MESH Headings
- Acute Disease
- Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapy
- Humans
- Immunotherapy
- Immunotherapy, Adoptive/methods
- Immunotherapy, Adoptive/trends
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/therapy
- Leukemia, T-Cell/metabolism
- Leukemia, T-Cell/therapy
- Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/metabolism
- Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/therapy
- Receptors, Chimeric Antigen/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Bok Lee
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; (J.-B.L.); (D.V.); (H.K.); (K.K.-L.F.)
| | - Daniel Vasic
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; (J.-B.L.); (D.V.); (H.K.); (K.K.-L.F.)
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Hyeonjeong Kang
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; (J.-B.L.); (D.V.); (H.K.); (K.K.-L.F.)
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Karen Kai-Lin Fang
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; (J.-B.L.); (D.V.); (H.K.); (K.K.-L.F.)
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Li Zhang
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; (J.-B.L.); (D.V.); (H.K.); (K.K.-L.F.)
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Correspondence:
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Niu ZY, Sun L, Wen SP, Song ZR, Xing L, Wang Y, Li JQ, Zhang XJ, Wang FX. Programmed cell death protein-1 inhibitor combined with chimeric antigen receptor T cells in the treatment of relapsed refractory non-Hodgkin lymphoma: A case report. World J Clin Cases 2021; 9:2394-2399. [PMID: 33869619 PMCID: PMC8026848 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i10.2394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CART) therapy has benefited many refractory lymphoma patients, but some patients experience poor effects. Previous studies have shown that programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) inhibitors can improve and prolong the therapeutic effect of CAR-T cell treatment.
CASE SUMMARY A 61-year-old male presented with 15-d history of diarrhea and lower-limb edema. A large mass was detected in the pelvis, and pathology indicated non-Hodgkin diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. After three cycles of the R-CHOP chemotherapeutic regimen, the patient showed three subcutaneous nodules under the left armpit and both sides of the cervical spine. Pathological examination of the nodules indicated DLBCL again. The patient was diagnosed with relapsed and refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. We recommended CAR-T cell treatment. Before treatment, the patient’s T cell function and expression of immune detection points were tested. Expression of PD-1 was obviously increased (52.7%) on cluster of differentiation (CD)3+ T cells. The PD-1 inhibitor (3 mg/kg) was infused prior to lymphodepleting chemotherapy with fludarabine and cyclophosphamide. CAR-CD19 T cells of 3 × 106/kg and CAR-CD22 T cells 1 × 106/kg were infused, respectively. The therapeutic effect was significant, and the deoxyribonucleic acid copy numbers of CAR-CD19 T cells and CAR-CD22 T cells were stable. Presently, the patient has been disease-free for more than 12 mo.
CONCLUSION This case suggests that the combination of PD-1 inhibitors and CAR-T cells improved therapeutic efficacy in B-cell lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Yun Niu
- Department of Hematology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Hematology, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Li Sun
- Department of Hematology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Hematology, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Shu-Peng Wen
- Department of Hematology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Hematology, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Zheng-Rong Song
- Department of Hematology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Hematology, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Lina Xing
- Department of Hematology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Hematology, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Hematology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Hematology, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Jian-Qiang Li
- Central Laboratory, Hebei Senlang Biotechnology Co., Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Xue-Jun Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Hematology, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Fu-Xu Wang
- Department of Hematology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Hematology, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei Province, China
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Motais B, Charvátová S, Hrdinka M, Šimíček M, Jelínek T, Ševčíková T, Kořístek Z, Hájek R, Bagó JR. A Bird's-Eye View of Cell Sources for Cell-Based Therapies in Blood Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1333. [PMID: 32456165 PMCID: PMC7281611 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12051333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
: Hematological malignancies comprise over a hundred different types of cancers and account for around 6.5% of all cancers. Despite the significant improvements in diagnosis and treatment, many of those cancers remain incurable. In recent years, cancer cell-based therapy has become a promising approach to treat those incurable hematological malignancies with striking results in different clinical trials. The most investigated, and the one that has advanced the most, is the cell-based therapy with T lymphocytes modified with chimeric antigen receptors. Those promising initial results prepared the ground to explore other cell-based therapies to treat patients with blood cancer. In this review, we want to provide an overview of the different types of cell-based therapies in blood cancer, describing them according to the cell source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Motais
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, 703 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic; (B.M.); (S.C.); (M.H.); (M.Š.); (T.J.); (T.Š.); (Z.K.); (R.H.)
- Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, 701 03 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Sandra Charvátová
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, 703 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic; (B.M.); (S.C.); (M.H.); (M.Š.); (T.J.); (T.Š.); (Z.K.); (R.H.)
- Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, 701 03 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Matouš Hrdinka
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, 703 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic; (B.M.); (S.C.); (M.H.); (M.Š.); (T.J.); (T.Š.); (Z.K.); (R.H.)
- Department of Haematooncology, University Hospital Ostrava, 708 52 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Šimíček
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, 703 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic; (B.M.); (S.C.); (M.H.); (M.Š.); (T.J.); (T.Š.); (Z.K.); (R.H.)
- Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, 701 03 Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Department of Haematooncology, University Hospital Ostrava, 708 52 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Jelínek
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, 703 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic; (B.M.); (S.C.); (M.H.); (M.Š.); (T.J.); (T.Š.); (Z.K.); (R.H.)
- Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, 701 03 Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Department of Haematooncology, University Hospital Ostrava, 708 52 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Ševčíková
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, 703 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic; (B.M.); (S.C.); (M.H.); (M.Š.); (T.J.); (T.Š.); (Z.K.); (R.H.)
- Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, 701 03 Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Department of Haematooncology, University Hospital Ostrava, 708 52 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Kořístek
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, 703 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic; (B.M.); (S.C.); (M.H.); (M.Š.); (T.J.); (T.Š.); (Z.K.); (R.H.)
- Department of Haematooncology, University Hospital Ostrava, 708 52 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Hájek
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, 703 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic; (B.M.); (S.C.); (M.H.); (M.Š.); (T.J.); (T.Š.); (Z.K.); (R.H.)
- Department of Haematooncology, University Hospital Ostrava, 708 52 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Juli R. Bagó
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, 703 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic; (B.M.); (S.C.); (M.H.); (M.Š.); (T.J.); (T.Š.); (Z.K.); (R.H.)
- Department of Haematooncology, University Hospital Ostrava, 708 52 Ostrava, Czech Republic
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