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Moore DC, Digiantonio N, Oxencis CJ, Taucher KD. Pharmacist perspectives on emerging T cell-engaging bispecific therapies in cancer therapeutics. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2024; 81:574-582. [PMID: 38394329 DOI: 10.1093/ajhp/zxae050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To summarize the pharmacology, efficacy, safety, dosing, administration, and pharmacist perspectives related to operationalization of new and emerging bispecific therapies indicated for the treatment of various cancers. SUMMARY In recent years, there have been significant advancements in the expansion of immunotherapeutics in the treatment of various malignancies. Bispecific T cell-engaging therapies represent an emerging therapeutic drug class for the treatment of cancer. These therapies are unique antibody constructs that bind simultaneously to 2 targets, a tumor-specific antigen and CD3 on T cells, to elicit an immune response. Recently, several bispecific therapies have been approved, including epcoritamab, glofitamab, mosunetuzumab, tebentafusp, and teclistamab. Epcoritamab and glofitamab have been approved for diffuse large B cell lymphoma, while mosunetuzumab, tebentafusp, and teclistamab have been approved for follicular lymphoma, uveal melanoma, and multiple myeloma, respectively. As a result of their mechanism of action, the approved bispecific therapies have the potential to cause cytokine release syndrome, and, along with this, they all have unique and specific monitoring parameters and operational considerations that require clinician awareness when administering these therapies. Such operational challenges include within-patient dose escalations at therapy initiation, hospitalization for monitoring, and various pharmacological strategies for prophylaxis of cytokine release syndrome. CONCLUSION Bispecific therapies have continued to evolve the therapeutic landscape of cancer, primarily in hematological malignancies. Health-system pharmacists have the opportunity to play a key role in the operationalization and management of this new and emerging drug class.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald C Moore
- Atrium Health Levine Cancer Institute, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | | | - Carolyn J Oxencis
- Froedtert and the Medical College of Wisconsin School of Pharmacy, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Kate D Taucher
- Oncology & Infusion Pharmacy Services, Department of Pharmacy, UCHealth, Aurora, CO, USA
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2
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Xu S, Xing J, Li K, Qiao L, Zhang C, Ren Y, Liu Y. Pan-cancer analysis of DCTN2 and its tumour-promoting role in HCC by modulating the AKT pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18450. [PMID: 38842133 PMCID: PMC11154834 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Dynactin subunit 2 (DCTN2) has been reported to play a role in progression of several tumours; however, the involvement of DCTN2 in potential mechanism or the tumour immune microenvironment among various cancers still remains largely unknown. Therefore, the objective of this study was to comprehensively investigate the expression status and potential function of DCTN2 in various malignancies through different database, such as The Cancer Genome Atlas, the Genotype-Tissue Expression and Gene Expression Omnimus databases. We discovered that DCTN2 expression was high in many type of tumours tissues compared to adjacent non-tumour ones. High DCTN2 signified poor prognosis for patients with tumours. Additionally, Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) analysis revealed that DCTN2 was positively correlated with oncogenic pathways, including cell cycle, tumour metastasis-related pathway, while it was negatively with anti-tumour immune signalling pathway, such as INF-γ response. More importantly, we elucidated the functional impact of DCTN2 on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression and its underlying mechanisms. DCTN2 expression was much higher in HCC tissues than in adjacent non-tumour tissues. Silencing DCTN2 dramatically suppressed the proliferative and metastasis capacities of tumour cell in vitro. Mechanistically, DCTN2 exerted tumour-promoting effects by modulating the AKT signalling pathway. DCTN2 knockdown in HCC cells inhibited AKT phosphorylation and its downstream targets as well. Rescue experiments revealed that the anti-tumour effects of DCTN2 knockdown were partially reversed upon AKT pathway activation. Overall, DCTN2 may be a potent biomarker signifying tumour prognosis and a promising therapeutic target for tumour treatment, particularly in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuning Xu
- Department of Medical OncologyThe Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer HospitalZhengzhouChina
| | - Jiyuan Xing
- Department of Infectious DiseasesThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Ke Li
- Department of Medical OncologyThe Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer HospitalZhengzhouChina
| | - Lei Qiao
- Department of Medical OncologyThe Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer HospitalZhengzhouChina
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Medical OncologyThe Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer HospitalZhengzhouChina
| | - Yulin Ren
- Department of Medical OncologyThe Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer HospitalZhengzhouChina
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Medical OncologyThe Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer HospitalZhengzhouChina
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3
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Kunachowicz D, Król-Kulikowska M, Raczycka W, Sleziak J, Błażejewska M, Kulbacka J. Heat Shock Proteins, a Double-Edged Sword: Significance in Cancer Progression, Chemotherapy Resistance and Novel Therapeutic Perspectives. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1500. [PMID: 38672583 PMCID: PMC11048091 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16081500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (Hsps) are involved in one of the adaptive mechanisms protecting cells against environmental and metabolic stress. Moreover, the large role of these proteins in the carcinogenesis process, as well as in chemoresistance, was noticed. This review aims to draw attention to the possibilities of using Hsps in developing new cancer therapy methods, as well as to indicate directions for future research on this topic. In order to discuss this matter, a thorough review of the latest scientific literature was carried out, taking into account the importance of selected proteins from the Hsp family, including Hsp27, Hsp40, Hsp60, Hsp70, Hsp90 and Hsp110. One of the more characteristic features of all Hsps is that they play a multifaceted role in cancer progression, which makes them an obvious target for modern anticancer therapy. Some researchers emphasize the importance of directly inhibiting the action of these proteins. In turn, others point to their possible use in the design of cancer vaccines, which would work by inducing an immune response in various types of cancer. Due to these possibilities, it is believed that the use of Hsps may contribute to the progress of oncoimmunology, and thus help in the development of modern anticancer therapies, which would be characterized by higher effectiveness and lower toxicity to the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Kunachowicz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (D.K.); (M.K.-K.)
| | - Magdalena Król-Kulikowska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (D.K.); (M.K.-K.)
| | - Wiktoria Raczycka
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Pasteura 1, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland; (W.R.); (J.S.); (M.B.)
| | - Jakub Sleziak
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Pasteura 1, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland; (W.R.); (J.S.); (M.B.)
| | - Marta Błażejewska
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Pasteura 1, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland; (W.R.); (J.S.); (M.B.)
| | - Julita Kulbacka
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
- Department of Immunology and Bioelectrochemistry, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine Santariškių g. 5, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania
- DIVE IN AI, 53-307 Wroclaw, Poland
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4
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Karpenko DV. Immune Privileges as a Result of Mutual Regulation of Immune and Stem Systems. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2023; 88:1818-1831. [PMID: 38105201 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297923110123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Immune privileges of cancer stem cells is a well-known and widely studied problem, as presence of such cells in tumors is associated with refractoriness, recurrence, and metastasis. Accumulating evidence also suggests presence of immune privileges in non-pathological stem cells in addition to their other defense mechanisms against damaging factors. This similarity between pathological and normal stem cells raises the question of why stem cells have such a potentially dangerous property. Regulation of vital processes of autoimmunity control and regeneration realized through interactions between immune cells, stem cells, and their microenvironment are reviewed in this work as causes of formation of the stem cell immune privilege. Deep mutual integration between regulations of stem and immune cells is noted. Considering diversity and complexity of mutual regulation of stem cells, their microenvironment, and immune system, I suggest the term "stem system".
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitriy V Karpenko
- Laboratory of Epigenetic Regulation of Hematopoiesis, National Medical Research Center for Hematology, Moscow, 125167, Russia.
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5
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Chen JY, Huang XY, Lin F, You Q, Xue YT, Lin B, Zheng QS, Wei Y, Xue XY, Li XD, Chen DN, Xu N. A tumor-associated macrophages related model for predicting biochemical recurrence and tumor immune environment in prostate cancer. Genomics 2023; 115:110691. [PMID: 37516327 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2023.110691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) related molecular subtypes and develop a TAMs related prognostic model for prostate cancer (PCa). METHODS Consensus clustering analysis was used to identify TAMs related molecular clusters. A TAMs related prognostic model was developed using univariate and multivariate Cox analysis. RESULTS Three TAMs related molecular clusters were identified and were confirmed to be associated with prognosis, clinicopathological characteristics, PD-L1 expression levels and tumor microenvironment. A TAMs related prognostic model was constructed. Patients in low-risk group all showed a more appreciable biochemical recurrence-free survival (BCRFS) than patients in high-risk group in train cohort, test cohort, entire TCGA cohort and validation cohort. SLC26A3 attenuated progression of PCa and prevented macrophage polarizing to TAMs phenotype, which was initially verified. CONCLUSIONS We successfully identified molecular clusters related to TAMs. Additionally, we developed a prognostic model involving TAMs that exhibits excellent predictive performance for biochemical recurrence-free survival in PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Yin Chen
- Department of Urology, Urology Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, China; Department of Urology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350212, China
| | - Xu-Yun Huang
- Department of Urology, Urology Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, China; Department of Urology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350212, China
| | - Fei Lin
- Department of Urology, Urology Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, China; Department of Urology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350212, China
| | - Qi You
- Department of Urology, Urology Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, China; Department of Urology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350212, China
| | - Yu-Ting Xue
- Department of Urology, Urology Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, China; Department of Urology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350212, China
| | - Bin Lin
- Department of Urology, Urology Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, China; Department of Urology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350212, China
| | - Qing-Shui Zheng
- Department of Urology, Urology Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, China; Department of Urology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350212, China
| | - Yong Wei
- Department of Urology, Urology Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, China; Department of Urology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350212, China
| | - Xue-Yi Xue
- Department of Urology, Urology Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, China; Department of Urology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350212, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Li
- Department of Urology, Urology Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, China; Department of Urology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350212, China
| | - Dong-Ning Chen
- Department of Urology, Urology Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, China; Department of Urology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350212, China.
| | - Ning Xu
- Department of Urology, Urology Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, China; Department of Urology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350212, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Cancer, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, China.
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6
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Piper M, Kluger H, Ruppin E, Hu-Lieskovan S. Immune Resistance Mechanisms and the Road to Personalized Immunotherapy. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book 2023; 43:e390290. [PMID: 37459578 DOI: 10.1200/edbk_390290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
What does the future of cancer immunotherapy look like and how do we get there? Find out where we've been and where we're headed in A Report on Resistance: The Road to personalized immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miles Piper
- School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | | | - Eytan Ruppin
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Siwen Hu-Lieskovan
- School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
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7
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Kciuk M, Yahya EB, Mohamed Ibrahim Mohamed M, Rashid S, Iqbal MO, Kontek R, Abdulsamad MA, Allaq AA. Recent Advances in Molecular Mechanisms of Cancer Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:2721. [PMID: 37345057 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15102721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is among the current leading causes of death worldwide, despite the novel advances that have been made toward its treatment, it is still considered a major public health concern. Considering both the serious impact of cancer on public health and the significant side effects and complications of conventional therapeutic options, the current strategies towards targeted cancer therapy must be enhanced to avoid undesired toxicity. Cancer immunotherapy has become preferable among researchers in recent years compared to conventional therapeutic options, such as chemotherapy, surgery, and radiotherapy. The understanding of how to control immune checkpoints, develop therapeutic cancer vaccines, genetically modify immune cells as well as enhance the activation of antitumor immune response led to the development of novel cancer treatments. In this review, we address recent advances in cancer immunotherapy molecular mechanisms. Different immunotherapeutic approaches are critically discussed, focusing on the challenges, potential risks, and prospects involving their use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Kciuk
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Genetics, University of Lodz, Banacha Street 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
- Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Lodz, Banacha Street 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
| | - Esam Bashir Yahya
- Bioprocess Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia
| | | | - Summya Rashid
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Omer Iqbal
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycoengineering, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Renata Kontek
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Genetics, University of Lodz, Banacha Street 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
| | - Muhanad A Abdulsamad
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Sabratha University, Sabratha 00218, Libya
| | - Abdulmutalib A Allaq
- Faculty of Applied Science, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam 40450, Malaysia
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8
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Okauchi S, Miyazaki K, Shiozawa T, Yamada H, Satoh H, Hizawa N. Discontinuation of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor due to irAEs in NSCLC Patients With EGFR Mutation. CANCER DIAGNOSIS & PROGNOSIS 2023; 3:244-250. [PMID: 36875301 PMCID: PMC9949540 DOI: 10.21873/cdp.10208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treatment. Even patients with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutated NSCLC may choose an ICI after failure of EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitor treatment. ICI-mediated immune-related adverse events (irAEs) may prompt NSCLC patients to discontinue their treatment. This study evaluated the effect of ICI treatment discontinuation on the prognosis of patients with EGFR-mutated NSCLC. PATIENTS AND METHODS We performed a retrospective study that reviewed the clinical courses of patients with EGFR-mutated NSCLC treated with ICI therapy from February 2016 to February 2022. 'Discontinuation' was defined as failure to receive at least two treatment courses of ICI due to grade 2 irAEs (grade 1 in the lung) or higher in patients responding to ICI. RESULTS During the study period, 13 of 31 patients discontinued ICI therapy due to irAEs. Survival from the initiation of ICI therapy was significantly longer in patients who discontinued ICI therapy compared with those who did not discontinue. In uni- and multivariate analyses, 'discontinuation' was a favourable factor. There was no significant difference in survival from ICI initiation between patients with grade 3 or higher irAEs and those with grade 2 or lower irAEs. CONCLUSION In this patient cohort, discontinuation of ICI therapy due to irAEs did not adversely affect prognosis in patients with EGFR-mutant NSCLC. Our results suggest that when treating patients with EGFR-mutant NSCLC with ICIs, chest physicians should consider discontinuing ICI with close monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichiro Okauchi
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Mito Medical Center, University of Tsukuba, Mito, Japan
| | - Kunihiko Miyazaki
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Ryugasaki Saiseikai Hospital, Ryugasaki, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Shiozawa
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Hideyasu Yamada
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Hitachinaka Medical Center, University of Tsukuba, Hitachinaka, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Satoh
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Mito Medical Center, University of Tsukuba, Mito, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Hizawa
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
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9
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Zhou K, Li S, Zhao Y, Cheng K. Mechanisms of drug resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors in non-small cell lung cancer. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1127071. [PMID: 36845142 PMCID: PMC9944349 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1127071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in the form of anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD-1/PD-L1 have become the frontier of cancer treatment and successfully prolonged the survival of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). But the efficacy varies among different patient population, and many patients succumb to disease progression after an initial response to ICIs. Current research highlights the heterogeneity of resistance mechanisms and the critical role of tumor microenvironment (TME) in ICIs resistance. In this review, we discussed the mechanisms of ICIs resistance in NSCLC, and proposed strategies to overcome resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexun Zhou
- Abdominal Oncology Ward, Division of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biological Therapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Abdominal Oncology Ward, Division of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biological Therapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuo Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Lung Cancer Center, West China Hospital Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Zhao
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ke Cheng
- Abdominal Oncology Ward, Division of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biological Therapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Abdominal Oncology Ward, Division of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biological Therapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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10
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Li Y, Jiang X, Luo T, Xia J, Lee MJ, Weichselbaum RR, Lin W. TLR3 agonist nanoscale coordination polymer synergizes with immune checkpoint blockade for immunotherapy of cancer. Biomaterials 2022; 290:121831. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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11
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Uzhachenko R, Shimamoto A, Chirwa SS, Ivanov SV, Ivanova AV, Shanker A. Mitochondrial Fus1/Tusc2 and cellular Ca2 + homeostasis: tumor suppressor, anti-inflammatory and anti-aging implications. Cancer Gene Ther 2022; 29:1307-1320. [PMID: 35181743 PMCID: PMC9576590 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-022-00434-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
FUS1/TUSC2 (FUSion1/TUmor Suppressor Candidate 2) is a tumor suppressor gene (TSG) originally described as a member of the TSG cluster from human 3p21.3 chromosomal region frequently deleted in lung cancer. Its role as a TSG in lung, breast, bone, and other cancers was demonstrated by several groups, but molecular mechanisms of its activities are starting to unveil lately. They suggest that Fus1-dependent mechanisms are relevant in etiologies of diseases beyond cancer, such as chronic inflammation, bacterial and viral infections, premature aging, and geriatric diseases. Here, we revisit the discovery of FUS1 gene in the context of tumor initiation and progression, and review 20 years of research into FUS1 functions and its molecular, structural, and biological aspects that have led to its use in clinical trials and gene therapy. We present a data-driven view on how interactions of Fus1 with the mitochondrial Ca2+ (mitoCa2+) transport machinery maintain cellular Ca2+ homeostasis and control cell apoptosis and senescence. This Fus1-mediated cellular homeostasis is at the crux of tumor suppressor, anti-inflammatory and anti-aging activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Uzhachenko
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Akiko Shimamoto
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer's Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Sanika S Chirwa
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Sergey V Ivanov
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Alla V Ivanova
- School of Graduate Studies and Research, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - Anil Shanker
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Host-Tumor Interactions Research Program, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer's Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
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12
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Klawitter M, El-Ayoubi A, Buch J, Rüttinger J, Ehrenfeld M, Lichtenegger E, Krüger MA, Mantwill K, Koll FJ, Kowarik MC, Holm PS, Naumann U. The Oncolytic Adenovirus XVir-N-31, in Combination with the Blockade of the PD-1/PD-L1 Axis, Conveys Abscopal Effects in a Humanized Glioblastoma Mouse Model. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179965. [PMID: 36077380 PMCID: PMC9456411 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is an obligatory lethal brain tumor with a median survival, even with the best standard of care therapy, of less than 20 months. In light of this fact, the evaluation of new GBM treatment approaches such as oncolytic virotherapy (OVT) is urgently needed. Based on our preliminary preclinical data, the YB-1 dependent oncolytic adenovirus (OAV) XVir-N-31 represents a promising therapeutic agent to treat, in particular, therapy resistant GBM. Preclinical studies have shown that XVir-N-31 prolonged the survival of GBM bearing mice. Now using an immunohumanized mouse model, we examined the immunostimulatory effects of XVir-N-31 in comparison to the wildtype adenovirus (Ad-WT). Additionally, we combined OVT with the inhibition of immune checkpoint proteins by using XVir-N-31 in combination with nivolumab, or by using a derivate of XVir-N-31 that expresses a PD-L1 neutralizing antibody. Although in vitro cell killing was higher for Ad-WT, XVir-N-31 induced a much stronger immunogenic cell death that was further elevated by blocking PD-1 or PD-L1. In vivo, an intratumoral injection of XVir-N-31 increased tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and NK cells significantly more than Ad-WT not only in the virus-injected tumors, but also in the untreated tumors growing in the contralateral hemisphere. This suggests that for an effective treatment of GBM, immune activating properties by OAVs seem to be of greater importance than their oncolytic capacity. Furthermore, the addition of immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) to OVT further induced lymphocyte infiltration. Consequently, a significant reduction in contralateral non-virus-injected tumors was only visible if OVT was combined with ICI. This strongly indicates that for an effective eradication of GBM cells that cannot be directly targeted by an intratumoral OV injection, additional ICI therapy is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Klawitter
- Molecular Neurooncology, Department of Vascular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center Neurology, University of Tübingen, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ali El-Ayoubi
- Molecular Neurooncology, Department of Vascular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center Neurology, University of Tübingen, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jasmin Buch
- Molecular Neurooncology, Department of Vascular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center Neurology, University of Tübingen, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jakob Rüttinger
- Molecular Neurooncology, Department of Vascular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center Neurology, University of Tübingen, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Maximilian Ehrenfeld
- Department of Urology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, D-81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Eva Lichtenegger
- Department of Urology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, D-81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Marcel A. Krüger
- Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, University of Tübingen, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Klaus Mantwill
- Department of Urology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, D-81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Florestan J. Koll
- Department of Urology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, D-81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Markus C. Kowarik
- B Cell Immunology, Department of Vascular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center Neurology, University of Tübingen, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Per Sonne Holm
- Department of Urology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, D-81675 Munich, Germany
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medical University Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- XVir Therapeutics GmbH, D-80331 Munich, Germany
| | - Ulrike Naumann
- Molecular Neurooncology, Department of Vascular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center Neurology, University of Tübingen, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Correspondence:
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13
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Kanbay M, Copur S, Siriopol D, Yildiz AB, Berkkan M, Popa R, Hasbal NB, Ortiz A, Perazella MA. The association of acute kidney injury on outcomes in cancer patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Kidney J 2022; 16:817-826. [PMID: 37151409 PMCID: PMC10157786 DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfac194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICPIs) are a novel therapeutic approach to cancer treatment that has changed the landscape of cancer therapy but also has some considerable drawbacks. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is one of these potential complications that may have effects on patient outcomes. In this review, we assessed the effect of AKI on mortality outcomes in cancer patients receiving this immunotherapy.
Materials and methods
We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective, retrospective, randomized, and non-randomized studies, which examined the effects of AKI in cancer patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors. We searched through PubMed, Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases.
Results
7 studies were included in the final analysis, with a total number of patients of 761. Overall, the risk of death was higher in patients that developed AKI during ICPI treatment (HR 1.42, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.92, P = 0.02; heterogeneity χ2 = 11.68, I2 = 66%, P = 0.02) compared to patients that did not develop AKI. In addition, there was a trend to a better survival in those with less severe AKI patients compared to those with more severe AKI (HR 1.35, 95% CI 0.99 to 1.83, P = 0.05). Lastly, it was seen that patients with persistent kidney dysfunction (non-recovery) had an increased risk for all-cause mortality (HR 2.93, 95% CI 1.41 to 6.08, P = 0.004; heterogeneity χ2 = 0.53, I2 = 0%, P = 0.47).
Conclusions
Development of AKI in patients with cancer receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors is associated with increased risk of mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Kanbay
- Department of Medicine, Section of Nephrology, Koc University School of Medicine , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Sidar Copur
- Department of Medicine, Koc University School of Medicine , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Dimitrie Siriopol
- Department of Nephrology, “Saint John the New” County Hospital , Suceava , Romania
| | | | - Metehan Berkkan
- Department of Medicine, Koc University School of Medicine , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Raluca Popa
- Department of Nephrology, “Saint John the New” County Hospital , Suceava , Romania
| | - Nuri Baris Hasbal
- Department of Medicine, Section of Nephrology, Koc University School of Medicine , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Alberto Ortiz
- Department of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid and IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz , Madrid , Spain
| | - Mark A Perazella
- Department of Internal Medicine Section of Nephrology, Yale University School of Medicine , CT, USA
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14
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Sarcoma Common MHC-I Haplotype Restricts Tumor-Specific CD8+ T Cell Response. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14143414. [PMID: 35884474 PMCID: PMC9322060 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14143414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Immunotherapy targeting immune checkpoint pathways have recently attracted great attention in cancer treatment, but better strategies are needed to identify patients likely to benefit from it. The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I expression in cancer cells greatly influences the outcome of T cell-mediated immunotherapy. Here, we determined the prevalent HLA class I allelic variants in a sarcoma population. We characterized patient CD8+ T-cells and demonstrated low cytolysis to autologous tumor cells. Moreover, we used a co-culture model of autologous T-cells and PD-L1-deficient or positive biopsies of rare sarcomas to determine whether HLA-I influences tumor survival. Abstract The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I expression in cancer cells has a crucial impact on the outcome of T cell-mediated cancer immunotherapy. We now determined the HLA class I allelic variants and their expression in PD-L1-deficient and positive rare sarcoma tissues. Tumor tissues were HLA-I classified based on HLA-A and -B alleles, and for class II, the HLA-DR-B by Taqman genomic PCRs. The HLA-A24*:10-B73*:01 haplotype was the most common. A general down-regulation or deletion of HLA-B mRNA and HLA-A was observed, compared to HLA-DR-B. HLA-I was almost too low to be detectable by immunohistochemistry and 32% of grade III cases were positive to PD-L1. Functional cytotoxic assays co-culturing patient biopsies with autologous T cells were used to assess their ability to kill matched tumor cells. These results establish that deletion of HLA-I loci together with their down-regulation in individual patient restrict the autologous lymphocyte cytotoxic activity, even in the presence of the immune checkpoint blocking antibody, Nivolumab. Additionally, the proposed cytotoxic test suggests a strategy to assess the sensitivity of tumor cells to T cell-mediated attack at the level of the individual patient.
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15
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Guven DC, Stephen B, Sahin TK, Cakir IY, Erul E, Aksoy S. The Efficacy of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Rare Tumors: A Systematic Review of Published Clinical Trials. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2022; 174:103700. [PMID: 35533815 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2022.103700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) entered treatment algorithms in most tumors. However, the data on the efficacy is limited in rare tumors with no phase III studies. We systemically reviewed the clinical trials evaluating the ICI efficacy in rare tumors and included a total of 47 clinical trials in this review. The ICIs demonstrated over 30% response rates in Merkel cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma of the skin and became the standard of care. Additionally, the ICI efficacy was promising in thymic epithelial tumors and gestational trophoblastic neoplasia. In contrast, the ICI efficacy is limited in most sarcomas, germ cell tumors and low-grade neuroendocrine tumors. The ICI efficacy seemed to be improved with combinations targeting tumor microenvironment in sarcomas. The available evidence on ICI efficacy in rare tumors denote a need for better patient selection and novel combination strategies to improve outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Can Guven
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hacettepe University Cancer Institute, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Bettzy Stephen
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - Taha Koray Sahin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Yahya Cakir
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Enes Erul
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sercan Aksoy
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hacettepe University Cancer Institute, Ankara, Turkey
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16
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Kuske M, Haist M, Jung T, Grabbe S, Bros M. Immunomodulatory Properties of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors-More than Boosting T-Cell Responses? Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:1710. [PMID: 35406483 PMCID: PMC8996886 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14071710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The approval of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) that serve to enhance effector T-cell anti-tumor responses has strongly improved success rates in the treatment of metastatic melanoma and other tumor types. The currently approved ICI constitute monoclonal antibodies blocking cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein (CTLA)-4 and anti-programmed cell death (PD)-1. By this, the T-cell-inhibitory CTLA-4/CD80/86 and PD-1/PD-1L/2L signaling axes are inhibited. This leads to sustained effector T-cell activity and circumvents the immune evasion of tumor cells, which frequently upregulate PD-L1 expression and modulate immune checkpoint molecule expression on leukocytes. As a result, profound clinical responses are observed in 40-60% of metastatic melanoma patients. Despite the pivotal role of T effector cells for triggering anti-tumor immunity, mounting evidence indicates that ICI efficacy may also be attributable to other cell types than T effector cells. In particular, emerging research has shown that ICI also impacts innate immune cells, such as myeloid cells, natural killer cells and innate lymphoid cells, which may amplify tumoricidal functions beyond triggering T effector cells, and thus improves clinical efficacy. Effects of ICI on non-T cells may additionally explain, in part, the character and extent of adverse effects associated with treatment. Deeper knowledge of these effects is required to further develop ICI treatment in terms of responsiveness of patients to treatment, to overcome resistance to ICI and to alleviate adverse effects. In this review we give an overview into the currently known immunomodulatory effects of ICI treatment in immune cell types other than the T cell compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Matthias Bros
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (M.K.); (M.H.); (T.J.); (S.G.)
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17
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Ljokjel B, Haave H, Lybak S, Vintermyr OK, Helgeland L, Aarstad HJ. Tumor Infiltration Levels of CD3, Foxp3 (+) Lymphocytes and CD68 Macrophages at Diagnosis Predict 5-Year Disease-Specific Survival in Patients with Oropharynx Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14061508. [PMID: 35326661 PMCID: PMC8946734 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14061508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Head and neck cancer (HNC) is the sixth most common cancer worldwide, with a general prognosis of 50% disease-specific survival (DSS). The subgroup of oropharyngeal (OP) cancers are of interest because HPV infection is one of several causative agents and carries favorable prognosis. Influxes of inflammatory cells into tumors may vary with prognosis. T lymphocytes are important regarding specific immune defense. Within the immune system T regulatory cells (Foxp3 positive) co-governs this process. We have therefore primarily studied levels of Foxp3 (+) cells in malignant tumors from 170 patients related to prognosis of the patients. Higher levels of T lymphocyte Foxp3 (+) cells predicted better 5-year DSS. This case was unique relative to age, gender, TNM stage, and HPV infection; but more so among tumor HPV (+) than HPV (−) patients. The results encourage further study into the use of immune-based therapy in HNC patients. Abstract Head and neck cancer (HNC) is the sixth most common cancer worldwide. Oropharyngeal (OP) cancers are of special interest because of possible underlying HPV infection which is tied to prognosis. Influxes of inflammatory cells into tumors may vary with prognoses. We wanted to study whether the number of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) and tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) in tumors correlated to HPV status and predicted 5-year disease-specific survival (DSS). Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) biopsies cut sections from 170 patients treated for OP cancer were stained by immunohistochemistry and evaluated for the number of CD68 (+) TAMs, CD3 (+), and Foxp3 (+) (T regulatory) TILs. From FFPE slides HPV by PCR and p16 by immunohistochemistry were established. From FFPE Hematoxylin-Eosin slides, levels of tumor nuclear polymorphism, tumor invasion, desmoplasia, and inflammation were determined as previously published. Levels of TIL CD3 (+) and TIL Foxp3 (+) were increased among the HPV (+) compared to the HPV (−) patients. High levels of TIL Foxp3 (+) and CD68 (+) macrophages predicted better 5-year DSS. TIL Foxp3 (+) levels predicted independent of age, gender, TNM stage, and HPV infection as well as level of stromal desmoplasia, tumor invasion, and nuclear polymorphism, but more pronounced among tumor HPV (+) than HPV (−) patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borghild Ljokjel
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway; (B.L.); (H.H.); (S.L.)
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway; (O.K.V.); (L.H.)
| | - Hilde Haave
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway; (B.L.); (H.H.); (S.L.)
| | - Stein Lybak
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway; (B.L.); (H.H.); (S.L.)
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway; (O.K.V.); (L.H.)
| | - Olav Karsten Vintermyr
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway; (O.K.V.); (L.H.)
- Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Lars Helgeland
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway; (O.K.V.); (L.H.)
- Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Hans Jørgen Aarstad
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway; (B.L.); (H.H.); (S.L.)
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway; (O.K.V.); (L.H.)
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +47-5597-2664
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18
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Zhang L, Wang H, Tian J, Sui L, Chen X. Concomitant Statins and the Survival of Patients with Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Treated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Meta-Analysis. Int J Clin Pract 2022; 2022:3429462. [PMID: 35855055 PMCID: PMC9276478 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3429462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Statins are suggested to improve cancer survival by possible anti-inflammatory effect. However, it remains unclear if concomitant use of statins could improve the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Accordingly, a meta-analysis was performed to systematically evaluate the effect of concomitant statins in NSCLC patients receiving ICIs. Relevant studies were obtained by literature search in PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases. A conservative random-effect model was used to combine the results. Eight cohorts including 2382 patients were included. The programmed death-1/ligand-1 inhibitors were used in seven studies; while the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 inhibitors were used in the other study. It was shown that concomitant use of statin did not significantly affect the progression-free survival (PFS, hazard ratio (HR): 0.86, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.70 to 1.07, P=0.17; I 2 = 62%) or overall survival (OS, HR: 0.86, 95% CI: 0.74 to 1.01, P=0.07; I 2 = 29%) of NSCLC patients receiving ICIs. Subgroup analyses showed consistent results in studies with univariate or multivariate analytic models (P for subgroup analysis = 0.97 and 0.38 for the outcome of PFS and OS, respectively). In conclusion, concomitant use of statin seemed to have no significant influence on the survival of patients with NSCLC who were treated with ICIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The Hospital of Shunyi District of Beijing, Beijing 101300, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Hospital of Shunyi District of Beijing, Beijing 101300, China
| | - Jizheng Tian
- Department of Oncology, The Hospital of Shunyi District of Beijing, Beijing 101300, China
| | - Lili Sui
- Department of Oncology, The Hospital of Shunyi District of Beijing, Beijing 101300, China
| | - Xiaoyan Chen
- Department of Oncology, The Hospital of Shunyi District of Beijing, Beijing 101300, China
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