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Cobo R, Patrocinio LG, Guyuron B, Swanson M. Management of Thick Skin in Rhinoplasty. Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am 2024; 32:473-493. [PMID: 39341669 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsc.2024.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/01/2024]
Abstract
Rhinoplasty in thick skin patients is challenging because the skin soft tissue envelope (S-STE) is more inelastic, and has a tendency for prolonged postsurgical edema, increased dead space formation, and underlying scar tissue formation. Changes in the S-STE will have an impact on how the final rhinoplasty result will look. When performing surgery, approaches should be targeted to the underlying bony-cartilaginous framework and the S-STE to obtain consistent, improved long term results. In this article, 3 experts will be discussing up to date medical, topical, and surgical management key points, as well as diagnostic options and post-operative treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxana Cobo
- Facial Plastic Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology, Clinica Imbanaco, Carrera 38A #5A-100 cons 222A, Cali 760045, Colombia.
| | - Lucas G Patrocinio
- Private Practice, Otoface, Uberlandia Medical Center, Rua Rafael Marino Neto, 600 - Jardim Karaiba, Uberlandia, Minas Gerais 38411-186, Brazil
| | - Bahman Guyuron
- Zeeba Clinic, 29017 Cedar Road, Lyndhurst, OH 44124, USA; Case School of Medicine, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Marco Swanson
- Dermatology and Plastic Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 2049 East 100th Street, Crile Building, A60 Plastic Surgery, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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2
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Koch W, Zagórska J, Michalak-Tomczyk M, Karav S, Wawruszak A. Plant Phenolics in the Prevention and Therapy of Acne: A Comprehensive Review. Molecules 2024; 29:4234. [PMID: 39275081 PMCID: PMC11397085 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29174234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2024] [Revised: 09/02/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Plants are a rich source of secondary metabolites, among which phenolics are the most abundant. To date, over 8000 various polyphenolic compounds have been identified in plant species, among which phenolic acids, flavonoids, coumarins, stilbenes and lignans are the most important ones. Acne is one of the most commonly treated dermatological diseases, among which acne vulgaris and rosacea are the most frequently diagnosed. In the scientific literature, there is a lack of a detailed scientific presentation and discussion on the importance of plant phenolics in the treatment of the most common specific skin diseases, e.g., acne. Therefore, the aim of this review is to gather, present and discuss the current state of knowledge on the activity of various plant phenolics towards the prevention and treatment of acne, including in vitro, in vivo and human studies. It was revealed that because of their significant antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, phenolic compounds may be used in the treatment of various types of acne, individually as well as in combination with commonly used drugs like clindamycin and benzoyl peroxide. Among the various phenolics that have been tested, EGCG, quercetin and nobiletin seem to be the most promising ones; however, more studies, especially clinical trials, are needed to fully evaluate their efficacy in treating acne.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Koch
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Medical University of Lublin, 4a Chodźki Str., 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Justyna Zagórska
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Medical University of Lublin, 4a Chodźki Str., 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Magdalena Michalak-Tomczyk
- Department of Animal Physiology and Toxicology, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Konstantynów 1I Street, 20-708 Lublin, Poland
| | - Sercan Karav
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale 17000, Türkiye
| | - Anna Wawruszak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
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3
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Liu J, Xu D, Yan J, Wang B, Zhang L, Liu X, Zhang H, Yan G, Yang J, Zeng Q, Wang X. A novel H‑tert immortalized human sebaceous gland cell line (XL-i-20) for the investigation of photodynamic therapy. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2024; 48:104238. [PMID: 38848883 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2024.104238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acne vulgaris is a species-specific human disease. To date, there has been no established human sebocyte cell line of Asian origin. Our previous study has demonstrated the efficacy of 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT) in the treatment of acne vulgaris, primarily attributed to its cytotoxic properties; however, its regulatory mechanism remains largely unknown. OBJECTIVES To establish an immortalized human sebocyte cell line derived from Chinese population and investigate the underlying mechanism of ALA-PDT. METHODS Human primary sebocytes were transfected with the human tert gene (h‑tert). The biological characteristics, including cell proliferation, cell markers, and sebum secretion function, were compared between primary sebocytes and the immortalized sebocytes (XL-i-20). Stimulations such as ALA-PDT, were applied respectively to both primary sebocytes and XL-i-20 cells to assess changes in their cellular functions. The transcriptome differences between primary sebocytes and XL-i-20 sebocytes were investigated using RNA-seq analysis. The XL-i-20 cell line was used to establish a sebaceous gland (SG) organoid culture, serving as a representative model of SG for the investigation of ALA-PDT. RESULTS The h‑tert immortalized sebocyte cell line exhibited the ability to be consecutively cultured for more than fifty passages. Both primary and immortalized cells expressed sebocyte markers such as epithelial membrane antigens (EMA, or MUC-1), Cytokeratin 7 (CK7) and adipose differentiation-related protein associated antigens (ADRP), and maintained sebum secretion function. The proliferative capacity of XL-i-20 was found to be significantly higher than that of primary sebocytes. The responses of XL-i-20 to ALA-PDT were indistinguishable from those elicited by primary sebocytes. Cell viability and sebum secretion were decreased after ALA-PDT in both two cell lines, and lipid-related proteins (SREBP-1/PPARγ) were down-regulated. The transcriptome data consistently demonstrated upregulation of genes related to inflammatory responses and downregulation of genes involved in lipid metabolism in both cell types following PDT. The analysis of common differential genes of primary sebocytes and XL-i-20 sebocytes post ALA-PDT showed that TNF signaling pathways, MAPK signaling pathways and JAK-STAT signaling pathways were activated. The SG organoids were spherical, which expressed markers of FANS and PLET1. Ki-67 was down-regulated after ALA-PDT. CONCLUSIONS We have developed an h‑tert immortalized sebocyte cell line from an Asian population. The cell line, XL-i-20, maintains the essential characteristics of its parent primary sebocytes. Moreover, XL-i-20 sebocyte exhibited a significant respond to ALA-PDT, demonstrating comparable phenotypic and molecular changes to primary sebocytes. Therefore, XL-i-20 and its derived SG organoid serve as appropriate in vitro models for investigating the efficacy and mechanisms of ALA-PDT in SG-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liu
- Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Detian Xu
- Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Jianna Yan
- Department of Dermatologic Surgery, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan. Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Linglin Zhang
- Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Xiaojing Liu
- Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Guorong Yan
- Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Jiayi Yang
- Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Qingyu Zeng
- Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200040, China.
| | - Xiuli Wang
- Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200040, China.
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4
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Zhang Y, Zouboulis CC, Xiao Z. Exosomes from adipose-derived stem cells activate sebocytes through the PI3K/AKT/SREBP-1 pathway to accelerate wound healing. Cell Tissue Res 2024; 396:329-342. [PMID: 38411945 PMCID: PMC11144157 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-024-03872-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Sebocyte regeneration after injury is considered a key element of functional skin repair. Exosomes from adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs-EXO) accelerate wound healing by promoting the proliferation of fibroblasts. However, the effects of ADSCs-EXO on sebocytes are largely unknown. In this study, the effects of ADSCs-EXO on sebocyte proliferation and migration were evaluated. The levels of phosphorylated AKT (p-AKT), AKT, sterol regulatory-element binding protein (SREBP), and perilipin-1 (PLIN-1) were detected with immunofluorescence, quantitative PCR, and western blot analysis. RNA-Seq was used to analyze the differential gene expression between the ADSCs-EXO group and the control group under anaerobic conditions. Lipogenesis was assessed with Nile red staining. In animal studies, full-thickness skin wounds in BALB/c mice were treated with gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) hydrogel-loaded sebocytes alone or in combination with ADSCs-EXO. Histopathological assessments of the wound tissues were performed Masson Trichrome staining, Immunohistochemical staining and so on. The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT pathway blocker LY294002 inhibited the effects of ADSCs-EXO on p-AKT and sebocytes proliferation. ADSCs-EXO also regulated the expression of SREBP-1 and PLIN-1 through the PI3K/AKT pathway in an oxygen level-dependent manner. In BALB/c mice, ADSCs-EXO accelerated sebocyte-assisted wound healing and regeneration. These in vitro and in vivo results supported that ADSCs-EXO can promote the regeneration of fully functional skin after injury through the PI3K/AKT-dependent activation of sebocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingbo Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, People's Republic of China
| | - Christos C Zouboulis
- Departments of Dermatology, Venereology, Allergology and Immunology, Dessau Medical Center, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane and Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, Dessau, Germany
| | - Zhibo Xiao
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, People's Republic of China.
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5
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Kim HJ, Lee YS, Lee BS, Han CH, Kim SG, Kim CH. NLRP3 inflammasome activation and NETosis positively regulate each other and exacerbate proinflammatory responses: implications of NETosis inhibition for acne skin inflammation treatment. Cell Mol Immunol 2024; 21:466-478. [PMID: 38409251 PMCID: PMC11061142 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-024-01137-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammasomes are multiprotein complexes involved in the host immune response to pathogen infections. Thus, inflammasomes participate in many conditions, such as acne. Recently, it was shown that NETosis, a type of neutrophil cell death, is induced by bacterial infection and is involved in inflammatory diseases such as delayed wound healing in patients with diabetes. However, the relationship between inflammasomes and NETosis in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases has not been well studied. In this study, we determined whether NETosis is induced in P. acnes-induced skin inflammation and whether activation of the nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich family, and pyrin domain-containing-3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is one of the key factors involved in NETosis induction in a mouse model of acne skin inflammation. We found that NETosis was induced in P. acnes-induced skin inflammation in mice and that inhibition of NETosis ameliorated P. acnes-induced skin inflammation. In addition, our results demonstrated that inhibiting inflammasome activation could suppress NETosis induction in mouse skin. These results indicate that inflammasomes and NETosis can interact with each other to induce P. acnes-induced skin inflammation and suggest that targeting NETosis could be a potential treatment for inflammasome-mediated diseases as well as NETosis-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Jeong Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Sang Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Bok-Soon Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Hak Han
- Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Gyu Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul-Ho Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
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6
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Harris JC, Prouty SM, Nelson MA, Sung DC, Nelson AM, Seykora JT, Kambayashi T, Grice EA. Laser-Capture Microdissection-Based RNA Sequencing for Profiling Mouse and Human Sebaceous Gland Transcriptomes. J Invest Dermatol 2024; 144:1161-1165.e8. [PMID: 37979774 PMCID: PMC11034724 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2023.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jordan C Harris
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Stephen M Prouty
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Molly A Nelson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Derek C Sung
- Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Amanda M Nelson
- Department of Dermatology, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - John T Seykora
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Taku Kambayashi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Grice
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
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7
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Li L, Zhang J, Cheng W, Di F, Wang C, An Q. Saponins of Paris polyphylla for the Improvement of Acne: Anti-Inflammatory, Antibacterial, Antioxidant and Immunomodulatory Effects. Molecules 2024; 29:1793. [PMID: 38675613 PMCID: PMC11052371 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29081793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Acne is a chronic inflammatory skin disease with a recurring nature that seriously impacts patients' quality of life. Currently, antibiotic resistance has made it less effective in treating acne. However, Paris polyphylla (P. polyphylla) is a valuable medicinal plant with a wide range of chemical components. Of these, P. polyphylla saponins modulate the effects in vivo and in vitro through antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and antioxidant effects. Acne is primarily associated with inflammatory reactions, abnormal sebum function, micro-ecological disorders, hair follicle hyperkeratosis, and, in some patients, immune function. Therefore, the role of P. polyphylla saponins and their values in treating acne is worthy of investigation. Overall, this review first describes the distribution and characteristics of P. polyphylla and the pathogenesis of acne. Then, the potential mechanisms of P. polyphylla saponins in treating acne are listed in detail (reduction in the inflammatory response, antibacterial action, modulation of immune response and antioxidant effects, etc.). In addition, a brief description of the chemical composition of P. polyphylla saponins and its available extraction methods are described. We hope this review can serve as a quick and detailed reference for future studies on their potential acne treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyao Li
- College of Light Industry Science and Engineering, Beijing Technology & Business University, Beijing 100048, China; (L.L.); (W.C.); (F.D.); (C.W.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Research and Development, Beijing 100048, China
- Institute of Cosmetic Regulatory Science, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Jiachan Zhang
- College of Light Industry Science and Engineering, Beijing Technology & Business University, Beijing 100048, China; (L.L.); (W.C.); (F.D.); (C.W.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Research and Development, Beijing 100048, China
- Institute of Cosmetic Regulatory Science, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Wenjing Cheng
- College of Light Industry Science and Engineering, Beijing Technology & Business University, Beijing 100048, China; (L.L.); (W.C.); (F.D.); (C.W.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Research and Development, Beijing 100048, China
- Institute of Cosmetic Regulatory Science, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Feiqian Di
- College of Light Industry Science and Engineering, Beijing Technology & Business University, Beijing 100048, China; (L.L.); (W.C.); (F.D.); (C.W.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Research and Development, Beijing 100048, China
- Institute of Cosmetic Regulatory Science, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Changtao Wang
- College of Light Industry Science and Engineering, Beijing Technology & Business University, Beijing 100048, China; (L.L.); (W.C.); (F.D.); (C.W.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Research and Development, Beijing 100048, China
- Institute of Cosmetic Regulatory Science, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Quan An
- Yunnan Baiyao Group Co., Ltd., Kunming 650000, China;
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8
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Su L, Wang F, Wang Y, Qin C, Yang X, Ye J. Circulating biomarkers of oxidative stress in people with acne vulgaris: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Dermatol Res 2024; 316:105. [PMID: 38489064 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-024-02840-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
The relationship between acne vulgaris and oxidative stress biomarkers lacks a clear consensus. This study aimed to explore the potential correlation between acne vulgaris and circulating oxidative stress biomarkers (superoxide dismutase [SOD], malondialdehyde [MDA], and total antioxidant capacity [TAC]). We searched the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases for articles published before June 26, 2023. The literature search combined free words and the medical subject headings terms related to acne vulgaris, SOD, MDA, and TAC. Data were analyzed using Stata 15 software. Additionally, we conducted a subgroup analysis stratified by the severity of acne vulgaris. A total of 14 trials involving 1191 participants were included. Overall results revealed that acne vulgaris was associated with MDA concentrations (SMD = 1.73; 95% CI 1.05, 2.4; P < 0.001). Subgroup analyses indicated that the severity of acne vulgaris was correlated with levels of circulating biomarkers of oxidative stress. TAC concentrations were significantly lower in patients with moderate acne vulgaris compared to controls (SMD = - 1.37; 95% CI = - 2.15, - 0.58, P = 0.001). SOD concentrations were significantly lower (SMD = - 2.92; 95% CI = - 5.39, - 0.46, P = 0.02) and MDA concentrations were significantly higher (SMD = 2.26; 95% CI = 0.95, 3.57, P = 0.001) in patients with severe acne vulgaris compared to controls. Our results implied that oxidative stress may exist in acne vulgaris. Furthermore, the severity of acne vulgaris was also correlated with oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Su
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
- Department of Dermatology, Yunnan Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No 120, Guanghua Street, Kunming, 650021, China
| | - Fang Wang
- The First Clinical School of Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Cheng Qin
- The First Clinical School of Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Xuesong Yang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China.
- Department of Dermatology, Yunnan Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No 120, Guanghua Street, Kunming, 650021, China.
| | - Jianzhou Ye
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China.
- Department of Dermatology, Yunnan Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No 120, Guanghua Street, Kunming, 650021, China.
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9
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Knödlseder N, Fábrega MJ, Santos-Moreno J, Manils J, Toloza L, Marín Vilar M, Fernández C, Broadbent K, Maruotti J, Lemenager H, Carolis C, Zouboulis CC, Soler C, Lood R, Brüggemann H, Güell M. Delivery of a sebum modulator by an engineered skin microbe in mice. Nat Biotechnol 2024:10.1038/s41587-023-02072-4. [PMID: 38195987 DOI: 10.1038/s41587-023-02072-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Microorganisms can be equipped with synthetic genetic programs for the production of targeted therapeutic molecules. Cutibacterium acnes is the most abundant commensal of the human skin, making it an attractive chassis to create skin-delivered therapeutics. Here, we report the engineering of this bacterium to produce and secrete the therapeutic molecule neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, in vivo, for the modulation of cutaneous sebum production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nastassia Knödlseder
- Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María-José Fábrega
- Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Santos-Moreno
- Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Manils
- Immunity, Inflammation and Cancer Group, Oncobell Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain
- Serra Húnter Programme, Immunology Unit, Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapy, School of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lorena Toloza
- Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Marín Vilar
- Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Fernández
- Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Katrina Broadbent
- Protein Technologies Facility, Center of Genomic Regulation, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Carlo Carolis
- Protein Technologies Facility, Center of Genomic Regulation, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Christos C Zouboulis
- Hochschulklinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Immunologisches Zentrum; Städtisches Klinikum Dessau; and Medizinische Hochschule Brandenburg Theodor Fontane und Fakultät für Gesundheitswissenschaften Brandenburg, Dessau-Roßlau, Germany
| | - Concepció Soler
- Immunity, Inflammation and Cancer Group, Oncobell Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain
- Immunology Unit, Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapy, School of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rolf Lood
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Infection Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Marc Güell
- Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.
- ICREA, Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Spain.
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10
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Xie L, Hamblin MR, Zheng D, Wen X. Die Bedeutung von Mikrokomedonen bei der Akne: Von der Beschreibung bis zum Behandlungsansatz?: The role of microcomedones in acne: Moving from a description to treatment target? J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2024; 22:9-17. [PMID: 38212912 DOI: 10.1111/ddg.15272_g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
ZusammenfassungEin wichtiger Faktor in der Pathogenese der Akne vulgaris ist die duktale Hyperproliferation der Talgdrüsen. Diese beginnt mit der Bildung unsichtbarer Mikrokomedonen und führt im weiteren Verlauf zur Ausbildung sowohl entzündlicher als auch nicht‐entzündlicher klinischer Läsionen. Die Mikrokomedonen stehen am Anfang der zyklischen Entwicklung einer Akne, die als Komedogenese bezeichnet wird. Mikrokomedonen können mithilfe von Cyanoacrylat‐Hautablösungen, Elektronenmikroskopie, konfokaler Reflexionsmikroskopie und anderen Techniken nachgewiesen werden. Es wird angenommen, dass die Dichte und Größe von Mikrokomedonen positiv mit dem Schweregrad der Akne korreliert. Ziel dieser Übersichtsarbeit ist es, die Ursachen der Akne zusammenzufassen und darauf hinzuweisen, dass die Behandlung von Mikrokomedonen zumindest teilweise Akneläsionen beseitigen und Rückfälle verhindern könnte.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xie
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, Südafrika
| | - DanLing Zheng
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Dermatology, Clinical Institute of Inflammation and Immunology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiang Wen
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Dermatology, Clinical Institute of Inflammation and Immunology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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11
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Xie L, Hamblin MR, Zheng D, Wen X. The role of microcomedones in acne: Moving from a description to treatment target? J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2024; 22:9-16. [PMID: 38123894 DOI: 10.1111/ddg.15272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
A major factor in the pathogenesis of acne is ductal hyperproliferation in the pilosebaceous glands. This takes the form of invisible microcomedones and leads to the subsequent formation of both inflammatory and non-inflammatory clinical lesions. Microcomedones are the initial stage in the cyclical development of acne, so called comedogenesis. Microcomedones can be detected using cyanoacrylate skin surface stripping, electron microscopy, reflection confocal microscopy and other techniques. It has been proposed that the density and the size of microcomedones are positively correlated with acne severity. Thus, the purpose of this review is to summarize the root causes of acne, and suggest that treatment of microcomedones could, at least in part, resolve acne lesions and prevent relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xie
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, South Africa
| | - DanLing Zheng
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Dermatology, Clinical Institute of Inflammation and Immunology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiang Wen
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Dermatology, Clinical Institute of Inflammation and Immunology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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12
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Vanderwolf K, Kyle C, Davy C. A review of sebum in mammals in relation to skin diseases, skin function, and the skin microbiome. PeerJ 2023; 11:e16680. [PMID: 38144187 PMCID: PMC10740688 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Diseases vary among and within species but the causes of this variation can be unclear. Immune responses are an important driver of disease variation, but mechanisms on how the body resists pathogen establishment before activation of immune responses are understudied. Skin surfaces of mammals are the first line of defense against abiotic stressors and pathogens, and skin attributes such as pH, microbiomes, and lipids influence disease outcomes. Sebaceous glands produce sebum composed of multiple types of lipids with species-specific compositions. Sebum affects skin barrier function by contributing to minimizing water loss, supporting thermoregulation, protecting against pathogens, and preventing UV-induced damage. Sebum also affects skin microbiome composition both via its antimicrobial properties, and by providing potential nutrient sources. Intra- and interspecific variation in sebum composition influences skin disease outcomes in humans and domestic mammal species but is not well-characterized in wildlife. We synthesized knowledge on sebum function in mammals in relation to skin diseases and the skin microbiome. We found that sebum composition was described for only 29 live, wild mammalian species. Sebum is important in dermatophilosis, various forms of dermatitis, demodicosis, and potentially white-nose syndrome. Sebum composition likely affects disease susceptibility, as lipid components can have antimicrobial functions against specific pathogens. It is unclear why sebum composition is species-specific, but both phylogeny and environmental effects may drive differences. Our review illustrates the role of mammal sebum function and influence on skin microbes in the context of skin diseases, providing a baseline for future studies to elucidate mechanisms of disease resistance beyond immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Vanderwolf
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christopher Kyle
- Forensic Science Department, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada
- Natural Resources DNA Profiling and Forensics Center, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christina Davy
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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13
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Cho M, Woo YR, Cho SH, Lee JD, Kim HS. Metformin: A Potential Treatment for Acne, Hidradenitis Suppurativa and Rosacea. Acta Derm Venereol 2023; 103:adv18392. [PMID: 38078688 PMCID: PMC10726377 DOI: 10.2340/actadv.v103.18392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Metformin is a widely used drug for treatment of diabetes mellitus, due to its safety and efficacy. In addition to its role as an antidiabetic drug, numerous beneficial effects of metformin have enabled its use in various diseases. Considering the anti-androgenic, anti-angiogenic, anti-fibrotic and antioxidant properties of metformin, it may have the potential to improve chronic inflammatory skin diseases. However, further evidence is needed to confirm the efficacy of metformin in dermatological conditions, This review focuses on exploring the therapeutic targets of metformin in acne vulgaris, hidradenitis suppurativa and rosacea, by studying their pathogeneses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minah Cho
- Department of Dermatology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yu Ri Woo
- Department of Dermatology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Hyun Cho
- Department of Dermatology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong Deuk Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hei Sung Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
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14
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Triwatcharikorn J, Itthipanichpong Y, Washrawirul C, Chuenboonngarm N, Chongpison Y, Udomsawaengsup S, Boonchaya-Anant P, Rerknimitr P. Skin manifestations and biophysical changes following weight reduction induced by bariatric surgery: A 2-year prospective study. J Dermatol 2023; 50:1635-1639. [PMID: 37665164 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.16951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Skin manifestations and biophysical changes are observed in patients with morbid obesity. However, reports of changes after significant weight loss, particularly through post-bariatric surgery (BaS), are limited. The aim of this 2-year prospective study was to evaluate the prevalence of skin signs and their changes in patients with morbid obesity who underwent BaS. Thirty-one patients were recruited for the study, with a mean age of 38.35 (SD 10.61) years and a male preponderance (male = 19 [61.29%], female = 12 [38.71%]). Patients were scheduled for multiple visits at months 0, 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 post-BaS. Each subject had a thorough skin examination, biophysical measurements, and laboratory tests at each visit. Striae, acanthosis nigricans (AN), and plantar hyperkeratosis were the most common skin findings (n = 30 [96.77%], 29 [93.55%], 29 [93.55%], respectively). BaS provided improvements in many skin manifestations, namely striae, AN, acrochordons, plantar hyperkeratosis, hirsutism, lymphedema, pruritus, acne, finger pebbles, and chronic venous insufficiency with varied cumulative rates of improvements. However, acute telogen effluvium was observed in 17 (54.84%) patients. Regarding skin biophysical properties, transepidermal water loss, skin hydration, and pH did not change, while sebum production on the face significantly decreased at months 3 and 6, and elasticity decreased at months 6 and 24. In conclusion, weight reduction by BaS provided improvements in various skin signs, although telogen effluvium was a common sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jidapa Triwatcharikorn
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Skin and Allergy Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Yada Itthipanichpong
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Skin and Allergy Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chanudda Washrawirul
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Skin and Allergy Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nunthanach Chuenboonngarm
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Skin and Allergy Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Yuda Chongpison
- Center for Excellence in Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Suthep Udomsawaengsup
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Treatment of Obesity and Metabolic Disease Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Patchaya Boonchaya-Anant
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pawinee Rerknimitr
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Skin and Allergy Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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15
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Tang T, Xu Y, Wang L, Zhang P. In vitro acne disease model from inertial focusing effect for studying the interactions between sebocyte glands and macrophages. Biotechnol J 2023; 18:e2300108. [PMID: 37477791 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202300108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Acne is one of the most widespread skin diseases. The acne mechanism is intricate, involving interactions between different types of cells (i.e., sebocytes and macrophages). One of the challenges in studying the mechanism of acne is that current in vitro culture methods cannot reflect the 3D cellular environment in the tissue, including inflammatory stimuli and cellular interactions especially the interactions between sebocytes and immune cells. To solve this issue, we generated an in vitro acne disease model consisting of 3D artificial sebocyte glands and macrophages through the inertial focusing effect method. Using this model, we produced a controllable inflammatory environment similar to the acne pathogenetic process in the skin. The 3D artificial sebocyte glands and macrophages can be separated for analyzing each cell type, assisting the in-depth understanding of the acne mechanism. This study indicates that proinflammatory macrophages promote lipid accumulation and induce oxidative stress in sebocyte glands. Additionally, in an inflammatory environment, sebocyte glands induce macrophage polarization into the M1 phenotype. Employing this model for drug screening, we also demonstrated that, cannabidiol (CBD), a clinically investigated drug, is effective in restoring lipid accumulation, oxidative stress, inflammatory cytokines and macrophage polarization in the acne disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tan Tang
- Department of Material Processing and Controlling, School of Mechanical Engineering & Automation, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Ye Xu
- Department of Material Processing and Controlling, School of Mechanical Engineering & Automation, Beihang University, Beijing, China
- Center of Soft Matter Physics and Its Applications, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Lelin Wang
- Department of Material Processing and Controlling, School of Mechanical Engineering & Automation, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Peipei Zhang
- Department of Material Processing and Controlling, School of Mechanical Engineering & Automation, Beihang University, Beijing, China
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16
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Ahmed S, Qureshi AS, Usman M, Rehan S, Deeba F, Ateeq MK, Younus M, Naeem MA, Umar Z, Taseer MSA. Seasonal changes in the scrotal skin histology in relation to thermoregulation and testosterone level in camel and buffalo bull. Anat Histol Embryol 2023; 52:752-761. [PMID: 37254452 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to compare the scrotal skin dynamics of camel and buffalo bulls regarding thermoregulation, season and testosterone. Scrotal skin and blood samples (n = 8 each) were collected during breeding (October to March) and non-breeding seasons (April to August). Tissue slides were prepared by the paraffin embedding technique followed by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and were analysed by ImageJ®. Relative humidity and temperature were recorded in different seasons to calculate the thermal humidity index (THI). Serum testosterone level was estimated through radioimmunoassay (RIA). The data were analysed by applying ANOVA, the THS test was used as a post-ANOVA interface and the correlation coefficient was also calculated among season, testosterone and skin parameters. The results showed that skin thickness, season and THI were negatively correlated with testosterone levels. In the neck, body and apex, the papillary layer was thicker in buffalo bull compared to camel bull during the breeding season; however, the reticular layer followed a reverse trend in the apex when THI was low. In the scrotal neck during the non-breeding season, hair follicle (HF) length and density were recorded high in camel bull compared to buffalo bull when THI was elevated. The density of HF followed the otherwise trend in the apex during the breeding season. The density of SG was found highest in all regions of camel bull as compared to buffalo bull and showed direct relation with THI. To conclude, this study delineates how the histo-dynamics of scrotal skin varies and accommodate itself with testosterone and THI over the different season in camel and buffalo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shakil Ahmed
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Anas Sarwar Qureshi
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Usman
- Department of Basic Sciences (Histology), University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sarmad Rehan
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Farrah Deeba
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Khalil Ateeq
- Department of Basic Sciences (Histology), University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Younus
- Department of Pathobiology (Pathology), University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ahsan Naeem
- Department of Basic Sciences (Pharmacology), University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Zaima Umar
- Department of Anatomy, The University of Faisalabad-Health Sciences Wing, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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17
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Mun Y, Kim W, Shin D. Melanocortin 1 Receptor (MC1R): Pharmacological and Therapeutic Aspects. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12152. [PMID: 37569558 PMCID: PMC10418475 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanocortins play crucial roles in regulating the stress response, inflammation, and skin pigmentation. In this review, we focus on the melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R), a G protein-coupled receptor primarily known for regulating skin pigmentation and exhibiting anti-inflammatory effects. First, we provide an overview of the structure, signaling pathways, and related diseases of MC1R. Next, we discuss the potential therapeutic use of synthetic peptides and small molecule modulators of MC1R, highlighting the development of various drugs that enhance stability through amino acid sequence modifications and small molecule drugs to overcome limitations associated with peptide characteristics. Notably, MC1R-targeted drugs have applications beyond skin pigmentation-related diseases, which predominantly affect MC1R in melanocytes. These drugs can also be useful in treating inflammatory diseases with MC1R expression present in various cells. Our review underscores the potential of MC1R-targeted drugs to treat a wide range of diseases and encourages further research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoonwoo Mun
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, 191 Hambakmoe-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea; (Y.M.); (W.K.)
| | - Woohyun Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, 191 Hambakmoe-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea; (Y.M.); (W.K.)
| | - Dongyun Shin
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, 191 Hambakmoe-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea; (Y.M.); (W.K.)
- Gachon Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Gachon University, 191 Hambakmoe-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
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18
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Kovács D, Camera E, Póliska S, Cavallo A, Maiellaro M, Dull K, Gruber F, Zouboulis CC, Szegedi A, Törőcsik D. Linoleic Acid Induced Changes in SZ95 Sebocytes-Comparison with Palmitic Acid and Arachidonic Acid. Nutrients 2023; 15:3315. [PMID: 37571253 PMCID: PMC10420848 DOI: 10.3390/nu15153315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Linoleic acid (LA) is an essential omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) derived from the diet. Sebocytes, whose primary role is to moisturise the skin, process free fatty acids (FFAs) to produce the lipid-rich sebum. Importantly, like other sebum components such as palmitic acid (PA), LA and its derivative arachidonic acid (AA) are known to modulate sebocyte functions. Given the different roles of PA, LA and AA in skin biology, the aim of this study was to assess the specificity of sebocytes for LA and to dissect the different roles of LA and AA in regulating sebocyte functions. Using RNA sequencing, we confirmed that gene expression changes in LA-treated sebocytes were largely distinct from those induced by PA. LA, but not AA, regulated the expression of genes related to cholesterol biosynthesis, androgen and nuclear receptor signalling, keratinisation, lipid homeostasis and differentiation. In contrast, a set of mostly down-regulated genes involved in lipid metabolism and immune functions overlapped in LA- and AA-treated sebocytes. Lipidomic analyses revealed that the changes in the lipid profile of LA-treated sebocytes were more pronounced than those of AA-treated sebocytes, suggesting that LA may serve not only as a precursor of AA but also as a potent regulator of sebaceous lipogenesis, which may not only influence the gene expression profile but also have further specific biological relevance. In conclusion, we have shown that sebocytes are able to respond selectively to different lipid stimuli and that LA-induced effects can be both AA-dependent and independent. Our findings allow for the consideration of LA application in the therapy of sebaceous gland-associated inflammatory skin diseases such as acne, where lipid modulation and selective targeting of AA metabolism are potential treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dóra Kovács
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (D.K.); (K.D.); (A.S.)
| | - Emanuela Camera
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Centre of Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute—IRCCS, 00144 Rome, Italy; (E.C.); (A.C.); (M.M.)
| | - Szilárd Póliska
- Genomic Medicine and Bioinformatic Core Facility, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Alessia Cavallo
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Centre of Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute—IRCCS, 00144 Rome, Italy; (E.C.); (A.C.); (M.M.)
| | - Miriam Maiellaro
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Centre of Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute—IRCCS, 00144 Rome, Italy; (E.C.); (A.C.); (M.M.)
| | - Katalin Dull
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (D.K.); (K.D.); (A.S.)
| | - Florian Gruber
- Research Division of Biology and Pathobiology of the Skin, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Christos C. Zouboulis
- Departments of Dermatology, Venereology, Allergology and Immunology, Staedtisches Klinikum Dessau, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane and Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, Auenweg 38, 06847 Dessau, Germany;
| | - Andrea Szegedi
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (D.K.); (K.D.); (A.S.)
- ELKH-DE Allergology Research Group, Nagyerdei krt. 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Dániel Törőcsik
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (D.K.); (K.D.); (A.S.)
- ELKH-DE Allergology Research Group, Nagyerdei krt. 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
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19
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Chang Y, Wang X. Sweat and odor in sportswear - A review. iScience 2023; 26:107067. [PMID: 37534139 PMCID: PMC10391722 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Sportswear worn next to the skin is easily soaked by sweat and may become a breeding ground for the microbiome, thus a source of malodor. Malodor can cause social embarrassment and discomfort to both wearer and others. Given the risks current deodorant products pose to nature and human life, the development of sustainable textiles for odor control comes to the forefront. This review introduces the odor-generating mechanism in clothing from the perspectives of perspiration composition and cutaneous microbiome. With the knowledge of the significant role of sweat in odor formation, the sweat distribution of the human body, measurement techniques, and advanced technologies developed for quick-dry function are presented in the second part. Lastly, odor management in sportswear is evaluated, covering the odor-assessing techniques, the effects of various textile materials, and emerging solutions in terms of antibacterial treatment, adsorbent materials, and photocatalytic degradations of odorous compounds. Overall, it is of both personal and social value to develop novel textile materials with odor-control functions by making use of natural materials and fabric designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuping Chang
- JC STEM Lab of Sustainable Fibers and Textiles, School of Fashion and Textiles, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Xungai Wang
- JC STEM Lab of Sustainable Fibers and Textiles, School of Fashion and Textiles, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
- Research Institute for Sports Science and Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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20
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Bocheva G, Slominski RM, Slominski AT. Environmental Air Pollutants Affecting Skin Functions with Systemic Implications. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10502. [PMID: 37445680 PMCID: PMC10341863 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The increase in air pollution worldwide represents an environmental risk factor that has global implications for the health of humans worldwide. The skin of billions of people is exposed to a mixture of harmful air pollutants, which can affect its physiology and are responsible for cutaneous damage. Some polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are photoreactive and could be activated by ultraviolet radiation (UVR). Therefore, such UVR exposure would enhance their deleterious effects on the skin. Air pollution also affects vitamin D synthesis by reducing UVB radiation, which is essential for the production of vitamin D3, tachysterol, and lumisterol derivatives. Ambient air pollutants, photopollution, blue-light pollution, and cigarette smoke compromise cutaneous structural integrity, can interact with human skin microbiota, and trigger or exacerbate a range of skin diseases through various mechanisms. Generally, air pollution elicits an oxidative stress response on the skin that can activate the inflammatory responses. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) can act as a sensor for small molecules such as air pollutants and plays a crucial role in responses to (photo)pollution. On the other hand, targeting AhR/Nrf2 is emerging as a novel treatment option for air pollutants that induce or exacerbate inflammatory skin diseases. Therefore, AhR with downstream regulatory pathways would represent a crucial signaling system regulating the skin phenotype in a Yin and Yang fashion defined by the chemical nature of the activating factor and the cellular and tissue context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgeta Bocheva
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical University of Sofia, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Radomir M. Slominski
- Department of Genetics, Informatics Institute in the School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
| | - Andrzej T. Slominski
- Department of Dermatology, Cancer Chemoprevention Program, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Veteran Administration Medical Center, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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21
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Zouboulis CC, Hossini AM, Hou X, Wang C, Weylandt KH, Pietzner A. Effects of Moringa oleifera Seed Oil on Cultured Human Sebocytes In Vitro and Comparison with Other Oil Types. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10332. [PMID: 37373478 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The seeds of Moringa oleifera (horseradish tree) contain about 40% of one of the most stable vegetable oils (Moringa seed oil). Therefore, the effects of Moringa seed oil on human SZ95 sebocytes were investigated and were compared with other vegetable oils. Immortalized human SZ95 sebocytes were treated with Moringa seed oil, olive oil, sunflower oil, linoleic acid and oleic acid. Lipid droplets were visualized by Nile Red fluorescence, cytokine secretion via cytokine antibody array, cell viability with calcein-AM fluorescence, cell proliferation by real-time cell analysis, and fatty acids were determined by gas chromatography. Statistical analysis was performed by the Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-rank test, the Kruskal-Wallis test and Dunn's multiple comparison test. The vegetable oils tested stimulated sebaceous lipogenesis in a concentration-dependent manner. The pattern of lipogenesis induced by Moringa seed oil and olive oil was comparable to lipogenesis stimulated by oleic acid with also similar fatty acid secretion and cell proliferation patterns. Sunflower oil induced the strongest lipogenesis among the tested oils and fatty acids. There were also differences in cytokine secretion, induced by treatment with different oils. Moringa seed oil and olive oil, but not sunflower oil, reduced the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, in comparison to untreated cells, and exhibited a low n-6/n-3 index. The anti-inflammatory oleic acid detected in Moringa seed oil probably contributed to its low levels of pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion and induction of cell death. In conclusion, Moringa seed oil seems to concentrate several desired oil properties on sebocytes, such as high content level of the anti-inflammatory fatty acid oleic acid, induction of similar cell proliferation and lipogenesis patterns compared with oleic acid, lipogenesis with a low n-6/n-3 index and inhibition of secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. These properties characterize Moringa seed oil as an interesting nutrient and a promising ingredient in skin care products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos C Zouboulis
- Departments of Dermatology, Venereology, Allergology and Immunology, Staedtisches Klinikum Dessau, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane and Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, 06847 Dessau, Germany
| | - Amir M Hossini
- Departments of Dermatology, Venereology, Allergology and Immunology, Staedtisches Klinikum Dessau, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane and Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, 06847 Dessau, Germany
| | - Xiaoxiao Hou
- Departments of Dermatology, Venereology, Allergology and Immunology, Staedtisches Klinikum Dessau, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane and Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, 06847 Dessau, Germany
| | - Chaoxuan Wang
- Division of Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology, Metabolism and Oncology, University Hospital Ruppin-Brandenburg, Brandenburg Medical School and Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, 16816 Neuruppin, Germany
- Division of Psychosomatic Medicine, Medical Department, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Karsten H Weylandt
- Division of Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology, Metabolism and Oncology, University Hospital Ruppin-Brandenburg, Brandenburg Medical School and Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, 16816 Neuruppin, Germany
| | - Anne Pietzner
- Division of Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology, Metabolism and Oncology, University Hospital Ruppin-Brandenburg, Brandenburg Medical School and Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, 16816 Neuruppin, Germany
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22
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Han Q, Zeng J, Liu Y, Yin J, Sun P, Wu Y. Evaluation of 30% supramolecular salicylic acid followed by 1565-nm non-ablative fractional laser on facial acne and subsequent enlarged pores. Lasers Med Sci 2023; 38:91. [PMID: 36947275 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-023-03751-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
The treatment of acne vulgaris and enlarged pore remains challenging. The 30% supramolecular salicylic acid (SSA) is a newly developed form of SA which affects pathogenic factors of acne. Non-ablative fractional laser (NAFL) promotes remodeling and decreases sebum excretion with minimal side effect. The current study was aimed to evaluate the sequential modality with 30% SSA followed by 1565-nm NAFL on facial acne and subsequent enlarged pores. A 20-week-duration prospective study was performed. Consecutive 4 sessions of 30% SSA treatment were conducted, at 2-week intervals. Two weeks after the last session of 30% SSA, 3 sessions of 1565-nm NAFL treatment were applied, at 4-week intervals. The noninvasive devices measured scores of red areas and pores, cuticle moisture, and sebum secretion. The main subjective evaluation was global acne grading system (GAGS). The side effects were recorded. Compared to baseline, the scores of red areas and pores, sebum secretion, and GAGS significantly decreased after series sessions of 30% SSA treatments (P < 0.05). The sequential application of 1565-nm NAFL maintained the good results (P < 0.05, comparing to baseline) and even further decreased the sebum secretion (P < 0.05, comparing to SSA). The cuticle moisture remained unchanged during whole period, and side effects including tingling sensation, pain, erythema, and edema were quickly reversible and acceptable. The significant improvements of acne and pores were produced by 30% SSA, and 1565-nm NAFL inhibited the sebum secretion and maintained the efficacies of 30% SSA. The sequential modality of 30% SSA followed by 1565-nm NAFL was an alternative choice for acne vulgaris companied with enlarged pores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qixin Han
- Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Department of Dermatology, Taiyuan Central Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Jing Zeng
- Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Coast Medical Cosmetology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yifei Liu
- Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Jiali Yin
- Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Peihong Sun
- Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yan Wu
- Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
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23
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Mias C, Mengeaud V, Bessou-Touya S, Duplan H. Recent advances in understanding inflammatory acne: Deciphering the relationship between Cutibacterium acnes and Th17 inflammatory pathway. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2023; 37 Suppl 2:3-11. [PMID: 36729400 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.18794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Acne vulgaris is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease of the pilosebaceous units. Four factors contribute to acne: hyperseborrhea and dysseborrhea, follicular hyperkeratinisation, skin microbiome dysbiosis and local immuno-inflammation. Recent key studies have highlighted a better understanding of the important role of Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes) in the development of acne. Three major findings in the last decade include: (1) the ability of C. acnes to self-organize in a biofilm associated with a more virulent activity, (2) the loss of the C. acnes phylotype diversity and (3) the central role of the Th17 pathway in acne inflammation. Indeed, there is a close link between C. acnes and the activation of the Th17 immuno-inflammatory pathway at the initiation of acne development. These mechanisms are directly linked to the loss of C. acnes phylotype diversity during acne, with a predominance of the pro-pathogenic phylotype IA1. This specifically contributes to the induction of the Th17-mediated immuno-inflammatory response involving skin cells, such as keratinocytes, monocytes and sebocytes. These advancements have led to new insights into the underlying mechanisms which can be harnessed to develop novel treatments and diagnostic biomarkers. A major disadvantage of traditional treatment with topical antibiotics is that they induce cutaneous dysbiosis and antimicrobial resistance. Thus, future treatments would no longer aim to 'kill' C. acnes, but to maintain the skin microbiota balance allowing for tissue homeostasis, specifically, the restoration of C. acnes phylotype diversity. Here, we provide an overview of some of the key processes involved in the pathogenesis of acne, with a focus on the prominent role of C. acnes and the Th17-inflammatory pathways involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Mias
- Pierre Fabre Dermo-Cosmétique and Personal Care, Toulouse, France
| | | | | | - Hélène Duplan
- Pierre Fabre Dermo-Cosmétique and Personal Care, Toulouse, France
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24
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Su Z, Zhang Y, Cao J, Sun Y, Cai Y, Zhang B, He L, Zhang Z, Xie J, Meng Q, Luo L, Li F, Li J, Zhang J, Chen X, Hong A. Hyaluronic acid-FGF2-derived peptide bioconjugates for suppression of FGFR2 and AR simultaneously as an acne antagonist. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:55. [PMID: 36803994 PMCID: PMC9938603 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-01812-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Acne is a chronic skin condition that has serious consequences for mental and social well-being because it frequently occurs on the face. Several acne treatment approaches have commonly been used but have been hampered by side effects or weak activity. Thus, the investigation of the safety and efficacy of anti-acne compounds is of considerable medical importance. Herein, an endogenous peptide (P5) derived from fibroblast growth factors 2 (FGF2) was conjugated to the polysaccharide hyaluronic acid (HA) to generate the bioconjugate nanoparticle HA-P5, which suppresses fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs) to significantly rehabilitate acne lesions and reduce sebum accumulation in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, our results show that HA-P5 inhibits both fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) and androgen receptor (AR) signalling in SZ95 cells, reverses the acne-prone transcriptome, and decreases sebum secretion. Furthermore, the cosuppression mechanism revealed that HA-P5 blocks FGFR2 activation, as well as the YTH N6-methyladenosine RNA binding protein F3 (YTHDF3) downstream molecules, including an N6-methyladenosine (m6A) reader that facilitates AR translation. More importantly, a significant difference between HA-P5 and the commercial FGFR inhibitor AZD4547 is that HA-P5 does not trigger the overexpression of aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C3 (AKR1C3), which blocks acne treatment by catalyzing the synthesis of testosterone. Overall, we demonstrate that a polysaccharide-conjugated and naturally derived oligopeptide HA-P5 can alleviate acne and act as an optimal FGFR2 inhibitor and reveal that YTHDF3 plays a crucial role in signalling between FGFR2 and AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijian Su
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University; National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine; Guangdong Provincial Biotechnology Drug & Engineering Technology Research Center, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Yibo Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University; National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine; Guangdong Provincial Biotechnology Drug & Engineering Technology Research Center, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Jieqiong Cao
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University; National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine; Guangdong Provincial Biotechnology Drug & Engineering Technology Research Center, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Yuanmeng Sun
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University; National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine; Guangdong Provincial Biotechnology Drug & Engineering Technology Research Center, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuling Cai
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University; National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine; Guangdong Provincial Biotechnology Drug & Engineering Technology Research Center, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Bihui Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University; National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine; Guangdong Provincial Biotechnology Drug & Engineering Technology Research Center, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Liu He
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University; National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine; Guangdong Provincial Biotechnology Drug & Engineering Technology Research Center, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Zilei Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University; National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine; Guangdong Provincial Biotechnology Drug & Engineering Technology Research Center, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Junye Xie
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University; National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine; Guangdong Provincial Biotechnology Drug & Engineering Technology Research Center, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Qilin Meng
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University; National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine; Guangdong Provincial Biotechnology Drug & Engineering Technology Research Center, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Lin Luo
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University; National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine; Guangdong Provincial Biotechnology Drug & Engineering Technology Research Center, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Fu Li
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University; National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine; Guangdong Provincial Biotechnology Drug & Engineering Technology Research Center, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Jingsheng Li
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University; National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine; Guangdong Provincial Biotechnology Drug & Engineering Technology Research Center, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinting Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University; National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine; Guangdong Provincial Biotechnology Drug & Engineering Technology Research Center, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaojia Chen
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University; National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine; Guangdong Provincial Biotechnology Drug & Engineering Technology Research Center, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China.
| | - An Hong
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University; National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine; Guangdong Provincial Biotechnology Drug & Engineering Technology Research Center, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China.
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25
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Yanfei Z, Xiaoying N, Dingwei Z, Wei W, Jianwen R. Efficacy and safety of oral isotretinoin in the treatment of moderate to severe seborrheic dermatitis: a retrospective study. Int J Dermatol 2023; 62:759-763. [PMID: 36789995 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.16582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Seborrheic dermatitis is a common, chronic, and recurrent inflammatory skin disease. There are few studies on oral isotretinoin in the treatment of seborrheic dermatitis. The aim of this research was to analyze the efficacy and safety of oral isotretinoin in the treatment of patients with moderate to severe seborrheic dermatitis. METHODS This was a retrospective study. All included patients were diagnosed as moderate to severe seborrheic dermatitis and treated with oral isotretinoin from January 2019 to December 2020. Symptom Scale of Seborrheic Dermatitis (SSSD) was used to evaluate the overall severity status of disease. RESULTS A total of 48 patients with moderate to severe seborrheic dermatitis were enrolled, of which 26 patients were treated with oral isotretinoin at a dose of 20 mg/day, and 22 patients were treated with oral isotretinoin at a dose of 10 mg/day. The duration of treatment was 2.42 ± 0.98 months (range: 2-6 months). The absolute SSSD values were 10.63 ± 1.02 for all 48 patients, 10.95 ± 1.15 and 10.30 ± 1.11 for patients with a dose of 20 and 10 mg/day, respectively. At the endpoint, there were no significant difference in SSSD values between the two groups (2.21 ± 0.24 vs. 2.35 ± 0.46, P = 0.18). The patients were satisfied with the two treatment schemes, and the difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.78). The most common side effect was cheilitis; however, no serious adverse events occurred in either group. CONCLUSIONS When considering efficacy and safety, oral isotretinoin can be used to treat patients with moderate to severe seborrheic dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Yanfei
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ning Xiaoying
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhang Dingwei
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wang Wei
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ren Jianwen
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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26
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Cheng L, Guo J, Lu Y. Inhibition of lipogenesis and sebum secretion for Lotus corniculatus seed extract in vitro and in vivo. Int J Cosmet Sci 2023; 45:62-72. [PMID: 36324215 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Botanical ingredients are widely used in hair- and skin-care products. However, few studies have investigated the effectiveness of botanical products on counteracting sebum synthesis and secretion. OBJECTIVE To investigate the composition of Lotus corniculatus seed extract (LC) and its potential inhibition of lipogenesis in SZ95 sebocytes and oily human skin. METHODS The active components of LC solutions were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The in vitro effects of LC were evaluated using SZ95 cells treated with linoleic acid (LA) and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and incubated with LCs for 24 h and 72 h. Lipogenesis was assessed by Oil Red O and Nile Red staining of the cells. In vivo effects were assessed on 30 subjects with oily skin who were enrolled in a randomized, blank-controlled trial and were treated with LC solution for 6 h and 4 weeks. The skin sebum contents and area on the forehead and cheeks were evaluated using a Sebumeter SM815 and Sebfix sebutape with Visioscan VC98. In addition, VISIA was used to collect half-face photos for analysis. RESULTS A novel active molecule, 5'-o-rhamnosyl uridine, was identified in LC. LC exhibited a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on LA and DHT-induced lipid synthesis. When 5% LC was applied for 3 h, the skin sebum contents and area were significantly reduced compared with the vehicle control, with an obvious reduction after 6 h. Continued use of the serum containing 5% LC for 4 weeks resulted in a significant reduction in the skin sebum contents and area. No adverse reactions were reported during the study. CONCLUSIONS Topical application of LC resulted in an immediate and long-lasting reduction of the sebum contents and area of oily human skin by reducing sebaceous lipogenesis through the LA and DHT pathways. This indicates the potential of LC as a new biological treatment for oily skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Cheng
- Shanghai JAKA Biotechnology Co., LTD, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingyi Guo
- Shanghai JAKA Biotechnology Co., LTD, Shanghai, China
| | - Yina Lu
- Shanghai JAKA Biotechnology Co., LTD, Shanghai, China
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27
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Meena AK, Mendiratta V, Goyal R, Bisherwal K, Yadav V, Prasadh V. Biochemical and hormonal abnormalities in adult female acne. J Cosmet Dermatol 2023; 22:1392-1399. [PMID: 36606389 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.15588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prevalence of adult patients with acne is increasing and women comprise majority of the cases. There is lack of data on biochemical and hormonal abnormalities in adult female acne (AFA). AIMS To evaluate biochemical and hormonal parameters in 60 patients of AFA. METHODS A cross-sectional observational study conducted from November 2018 to March 2020 in Dermatology outpatient department of a tertiary care hospital in North India. Adult females (age > 25 years) with a clinical diagnosis of acne were included in the study. RESULTS 60 cases of AFA were included. The age ranged between 26-41 years with mean age at presentation being 29.45 years. 53.3% patients had persistent acne while 46.7% had late-onset acne. 50% patients had history of premenstrual flare-up of their acne. Raised FBG was found in 25% patients. 10% had raised serum insulin levels. HOMA-IR index was deranged in 55% patients. At least one lipid alteration was reported in 91.6% of patients. In hormonal parameters, raised TT was present in 6.7%, LH in 3.3%, FSH in 18.3%, prolactin in 3.3%, and TSH in 15%. No association was found between acne severity and biochemical and hormonal parameters. CONCLUSIONS Our study highlighted the importance of measuring lipid profile in AFA and calculating HOMA-IR index for measuring insulin resistance rather than simply measuring serum insulin levels. In our study, additional parameter deranged in significant number of patients was FBG. Hence, we recommend routine screening of lipid profile, FBG and calculation of HOMA-IR index in AFA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar Meena
- Department of Dermatology and STD, Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - Vibhu Mendiratta
- Department of Dermatology and STD, Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - Rajeev Goyal
- Department of Biochemistry, Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - Kavita Bisherwal
- Department of Dermatology and STD, Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - Vidya Yadav
- Department of Dermatology and STD, Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - Vivin Prasadh
- Department of Dermatology and STD, Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi, India
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28
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Zouboulis CC, Coenye T, He L, Kabashima K, Kobayashi T, Niemann C, Nomura T, Oláh A, Picardo M, Quist SR, Sasano H, Schneider MR, Törőcsik D, Wong SY. Sebaceous immunobiology - skin homeostasis, pathophysiology, coordination of innate immunity and inflammatory response and disease associations. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1029818. [PMID: 36439142 PMCID: PMC9686445 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1029818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This review presents several aspects of the innovative concept of sebaceous immunobiology, which summarizes the numerous activities of the sebaceous gland including its classical physiological and pathophysiological tasks, namely sebum production and the development of seborrhea and acne. Sebaceous lipids, which represent 90% of the skin surface lipids in adolescents and adults, are markedly involved in the skin barrier function and perifollicular and dermal innate immune processes, leading to inflammatory skin diseases. Innovative experimental techniques using stem cell and sebocyte models have clarified the roles of distinct stem cells in sebaceous gland physiology and sebocyte function control mechanisms. The sebaceous gland represents an integral part of the pilosebaceous unit and its status is connected to hair follicle morphogenesis. Interestingly, professional inflammatory cells contribute to sebocyte differentiation and homeostasis, whereas the regulation of sebaceous gland function by immune cells is antigen-independent. Inflammation is involved in the very earliest differentiation changes of the pilosebaceous unit in acne. Sebocytes behave as potent immune regulators, integrating into the innate immune responses of the skin. Expressing inflammatory mediators, sebocytes also contribute to the polarization of cutaneous T cells towards the Th17 phenotype. In addition, the immune response of the perifollicular infiltrate depends on factors produced by the sebaceous glands, mostly sebaceous lipids. Human sebocytes in vitro express functional pattern recognition receptors, which are likely to interact with bacteria in acne pathogenesis. Sex steroids, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ligands, neuropeptides, endocannabinoids and a selective apoptotic process contribute to a complex regulation of sebocyte-induced immunological reaction in numerous acquired and congenital skin diseases, including hair diseases and atopic dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos C. Zouboulis
- Departments of Dermatology, Venereology, Allergology and Immunology, Dessau Medical Center, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane and Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, Dessau, Germany
| | - Tom Coenye
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Li He
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Kenji Kabashima
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Kobayashi
- Laboratory for Innate Immune Systems, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Catherin Niemann
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, CMMC Research Institute, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Takashi Nomura
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Attila Oláh
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Mauro Picardo
- San Gallicano Dermatologic Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Sven R. Quist
- Department of Dermatology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Hironobu Sasano
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Marlon R. Schneider
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Daniel Törőcsik
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen and ELKH-DE Allergology Research Group, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Sunny Y. Wong
- Departments of Dermatology and Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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29
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Wang X, He A, Yu B, Zhang L, Pang W, Zhang H, Niu P. Uncovering the Sweat Biofouling Components and Distributions in Electrochemical Sensors. Anal Chem 2022; 94:14402-14409. [PMID: 36197729 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c03158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Interest is growing in the creation of wearable sweat sensors for continuous, low-cost, and noninvasive health diagnosis at the molecular level. The biofouling phenomenon leads to degradation of sweat sensors' performance over time, further limiting the successive monitoring of human health status. However, to date, the mechanism of sweat fouling is still unclear, with the inability to provide effective guidance on antifouling strategies. This study clarifies chemical compositions in sweat fouling and fouling distributions on the surface of sensors. Gold film electrodes were prepared on glass and poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) substrates and contaminated by human facial sweat (from eccrine sweat glands and apocrine sweat glands) and palm sweat (only from eccrine sweat glands). A scanning electron microscope (SEM), an optical microscope (OM), and an atomic force microscope (AFM) were employed to study the surface morphology of biofouling electrodes. The existence of sweat fouling was characterized by AFM adhesion force, a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), and X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS). FTIR along with XPS was adopted to analyze the biofouling components, and differential reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) was undertaken to observe the distribution of biofouling on the surface of the electrodes. As a result, we found that neither skin cell pieces nor recognized protein adsorption is the dominant source of biofouling, but the lipids in sweat form an inhomogeneous fouling layer on the electrode surface to reduce the electrochemical reactivity of sensors. This study provides deeper insights into sweat biofouling components and distributions and points out the right direction for resolving the problem of limited continuity in wearable sweat sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohe Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Anwei He
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Bo Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Wei Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Haolong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Pengfei Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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30
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Na HW, Kim HS, Choi H, Cha N, Seo YR, Hong YD, Kim HJ. Transcriptome Analysis of Particulate Matter 2.5-Induced Abnormal Effects on Human Sebocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911534. [PMID: 36232834 PMCID: PMC9570376 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5), an atmospheric pollutant with an aerodynamic diameter of <2.5 μm, can cause serious human health problems, including skin damage. Since sebocytes are involved in the regulation of skin homeostasis, it is necessary to study the effects of PM2.5 on sebocytes. We examined the role of PM2.5 via the identification of differentially expressed genes, functional enrichment and canonical pathway analysis, upstream regulator analysis, and disease and biological function analysis through mRNA sequencing. Xenobiotic and lipid metabolism, inflammation, oxidative stress, and cell barrier damage-related pathways were enriched; additionally, PM2.5 altered steroid hormone biosynthesis and retinol metabolism-related pathways. Consequently, PM2.5 increased lipid synthesis, lipid peroxidation, inflammatory cytokine expression, and oxidative stress and altered the lipid composition and expression of factors that affect cell barriers. Furthermore, PM2.5 altered the activity of sterol regulatory element binding proteins, mitogen-activated protein kinases, transforming growth factor beta-SMAD, and forkhead box O3-mediated pathways. We also suggest that the alterations in retinol and estrogen metabolism by PM2.5 are related to the damage. These results were validated using the HairSkin® model. Thus, our results provide evidence of the harmful effects of PM2.5 on sebocytes as well as new targets for alleviating the skin damage it causes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Won Na
- Research and Innovation Center, AMOREPACIFIC, Yongin 17074, Korea
| | - Hyun Soo Kim
- Department of Life Science, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Dongguk University Biomedi Campus, Goyang 10326, Korea
| | - Hyunjung Choi
- Research and Innovation Center, AMOREPACIFIC, Yongin 17074, Korea
| | - Nari Cha
- Research and Innovation Center, AMOREPACIFIC, Yongin 17074, Korea
| | - Young Rok Seo
- Department of Life Science, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Dongguk University Biomedi Campus, Goyang 10326, Korea
| | - Yong Deog Hong
- Research and Innovation Center, AMOREPACIFIC, Yongin 17074, Korea
| | - Hyoung-June Kim
- Research and Innovation Center, AMOREPACIFIC, Yongin 17074, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-31-280-5827; Fax: +82-31-899-2595
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Kaźmierska A, Bolesławska I, Polańska A, Dańczak-Pazdrowska A, Jagielski P, Drzymała-Czyż S, Adamski Z, Przysławski J. Effect of Evening Primrose Oil Supplementation on Selected Parameters of Skin Condition in a Group of Patients Treated with Isotretinoin-A Randomized Double-Blind Trial. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14142980. [PMID: 35889936 PMCID: PMC9317771 DOI: 10.3390/nu14142980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Retinoids, which include isotretinoin, reduce sebum levels, the degree of epidermal wetness (CORN) and cause an increase in transepidermal water loss (TEWL). Weight gain has also been observed in isotretinoin-treated patients. An agent that can reduce the severity of isotretinoin side effects is evening primrose oil (Oenothera paradoxa). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of evening primrose oil supplementation in patients with acne vulgaris treated with isotretinoin on skin hydration status (CORN), transepidermal water loss (TEWL), skin oiliness (sebum) and changes in body weight and BMI. Methods: Patients diagnosed with acne were assigned to the isotretinoin-treated group (n = 25) or the isotretinoin and evening primrose oil-treated group (n = 25). The intervention lasted 9 months. CORN (with a corneometer), TEWL (with a tewameter) and sebum (with a sebumeter) were assessed twice, as well as body weight and BMI (Tanita MC-780). Results: The isotretinoin-treated group showed statistically significant reductions in CORN (p = 0.015), TEWL (p = 0.004) and sebum (p < 0.001) after the intervention. In the group treated with isotretinoin and evening primrose oil, TEWL and sebum levels also decreased significantly (p < 0.05), while CORN levels increased from 42.0 ± 9.70 to 50.9 ± 10.4 (p = 0.017). A significant decrease in body weight (p < 0.001) and BMI (p < 0.001) was observed in both groups after 9 months of intervention. Conclusions: During isotretinoin treatment, supplementation with evening primrose oil increased skin hydration. However, there were no differences between groups in transepidermal water loss, skin oiliness, weight loss and BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Kaźmierska
- Department of Bromatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznan, Poland; (A.K.); (S.D.-C.); (J.P.)
| | - Izabela Bolesławska
- Department of Bromatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznan, Poland; (A.K.); (S.D.-C.); (J.P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Adriana Polańska
- Laboratory of Connective Tissue Diseases, Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland;
| | | | - Paweł Jagielski
- Department of Nutrition and Drug Research, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-066 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Sławomira Drzymała-Czyż
- Department of Bromatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznan, Poland; (A.K.); (S.D.-C.); (J.P.)
| | - Zygmunt Adamski
- Department of Dermatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznan, Poland; (A.D.-P.); (Z.A.)
| | - Juliusz Przysławski
- Department of Bromatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznan, Poland; (A.K.); (S.D.-C.); (J.P.)
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Coffaro B, Weisel CP. Reactions and Products of Squalene and Ozone: A Review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:7396-7411. [PMID: 35648815 PMCID: PMC9231367 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c07611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
This critical review describes the squalene-ozone (SqOz) reaction, or squalene ozonolysis. Ambient ozone penetrates indoors and drives indoor air chemistry. Squalene, a component of human skin oil, contains six carbon-carbon double bonds and is very reactive with ozone. Bioeffluents from people contribute to indoor air chemistry and affect the indoor air quality, resulting in exposures because people spend the majority of their time indoors. The SqOz reaction proceeds through various formation pathways and produces compounds that include aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, and dicarbonyl species, which have a range of volatilities. In this critical review of SqOz chemistry, information on the mechanism of reaction, reaction probability, rate constants, and reaction kinetics are compiled. Characterizations of SqOz reaction products have been done in laboratory experiments and real-world settings. The effect of multiple environmental parameters (ozone concentration, air exchange rate (AER), temperature, and relative humidity (RH)) in indoor settings are summarized. This critical review concludes by identifying the paucity of available exposure, health, and toxicological data for known reaction products. Key knowledge gaps about SqOz reactions leading to indoor exposures and adverse health outcomes are provided as well as an outlook on where the field is headed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Breann Coffaro
- Environmental
and Health Sciences Institute and Graduate Program in Exposure Science, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway Township, New
Jersey 08854, United
States
| | - Clifford P. Weisel
- Environmental
and Health Sciences Institute and School of Public Health, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway Township, New
Jersey 08854, United
States
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Ding W, Hu Y, Yu X, He C, Tian Y. Analysis on the difference of skin surface lipids during blue light therapy for acne by lipidomics. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 13:3434-3445. [PMID: 35781946 PMCID: PMC9208599 DOI: 10.1364/boe.452614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Acne is a chronic inflammatory skin disease of the sebaceous glands of the hair follicles, caused by a variety of factors and tends to recur, causing skin damage and psychological stress to patients. Blue light (415nm) is a popular physical therapy for acne, however, studies on the effects of blue light on skin surface lipids (SSL) have not been exhaustively reported. So, we want to investigate the difference in SSL before and after acne treatment with blue light and to reveal the potential mechanism of acne treatment with blue light from the lipid level. SSL samples were collected and physiological indicators (moisture content, transepidermal water loss (TEWL), sebum content and pH) were measured. By using ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS) with multivariate data analysis methods to obtain specific information on the lipid composition. Analysis of the physiological index data showed a significant increase in moisture content (p = 0.042), pH (p = 0.000) and a significant decrease in sebum content(p = 0.008) in the after treatment area (AT group), while there was no significant change in TEWL values. A total of 2398 lipids were detected by lipidomics analysis and 25 differential lipids were screened. Triradylglycerols (TGs), isoprenoids and hopanoids being the potential differential lipids. Among the lipids associated with the skin barrier, only monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) (p = 0.045) were significantly increased. This study revealed significant changes in SSL after blue light treatment for acne, suggesting that blue light exposure may cause changes in the relative lipid content and redistribution of lipid components, and that whether it damages the skin barrier requires further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyu Ding
- Beijing Technology and Business University, College of chemistry and materials engineering, Key Laboratory Cosmetics China National Light Industry, Beijing, 100048, China
- Beijing Key Lab of Plant Resources Research and Development, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Yiqiong Hu
- Beijing Technology and Business University, College of chemistry and materials engineering, Key Laboratory Cosmetics China National Light Industry, Beijing, 100048, China
- Beijing Key Lab of Plant Resources Research and Development, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Xiaoqian Yu
- Beijing Technology and Business University, College of chemistry and materials engineering, Key Laboratory Cosmetics China National Light Industry, Beijing, 100048, China
- Beijing Key Lab of Plant Resources Research and Development, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Congfen He
- Beijing Technology and Business University, College of chemistry and materials engineering, Key Laboratory Cosmetics China National Light Industry, Beijing, 100048, China
- Beijing Key Lab of Plant Resources Research and Development, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Yan Tian
- Department of Dermatology, Air Force Medical Center, PLA, Beijing, 100142, China
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Donytasari FM, Jusuf NK, Putra IB. Correlation between Sebum Level and Follicular Fluorescence in Acne Vulgaris Patients. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2022.9445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background: The pathogenesis of acne vulgaris is multifactorial involving four important factors, including follicular epidermal hyperproliferation, increased sebum production, increased activity of C. acnes and inflammation. Increased sebum levels can increase the production of porphyrins which appear as red-orange fluorescence on the faces of patients with acne vulgaris.
Objective: To determine the correlation between sebum levels and follicular fluorescence in acne vulgaris patients.
Subjects and Methods: This study was an observational analytic study with cross sectional data collection method involving 60 acne vulgaris patients based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Basic data were recorded including age and gender. Sebum levels were measured using a Sebumeter® SM 815 (C & K, Courage-Khazaka, Cologne, Germany) and follicular fluorescence was examined using a Visiopor® PP34 camera (C & K, Courage-Khazaka, Cologne, Germany). The correlation between sebum levels and follicular fluorescence was analyzed using Spearman correlation. The result was significant if the p value<0.05.
Results: Acne vulgaris was more common in women (76.7%) with a mean age of 22.52 years, the youngest was 18 years old and the eldest was 36 years old. The results of this study showed a positive correlation with moderate strength between sebum levels and the spot counts (r = 0.495) and positive correlation with weak strength between sebum levels and the percentage of the area covered with follicular fluorescence spots (r = 0.349).
Conclusion: There is a correlation between sebum levels and follicular fluorescence in acne vulgaris patients.
Keywords: acne vulgaris, sebum level, follicular fluorescence.
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Effect of Evening Primrose Oil Supplementation on Biochemical Parameters and Nutrition of Patients Treated with Isotretinoin for Acne Vulgaris: A Randomized Double-Blind Trial. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14071342. [PMID: 35405955 PMCID: PMC9002552 DOI: 10.3390/nu14071342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Acne vulgaris is one of the most common skin diseases. One of the therapeutic options recommended for severe acne or acne that has not responded to previous therapies is isotretinoin. However, its use may lead to adverse changes in the serum lipid profile and increased levels of transaminases. In this study, we evaluated the effect of supplementation with evening primrose oil in acne vulgaris patients treated with isotretinoin on blood lipid parameters and transaminase activity. Methods: Study participants were randomly assigned to two treatments: conventional with isotretinoin (25 patients) and novel with isotretinoin combined with evening primrose oil (4 × 510 mg/day; 25 patients) for 9 months. Results: Compared to isotretinoin treatment, isotretinoin treatment combined with evening primrose oil had a positive effect on TCH concentrations (mean: 198 vs. 161, p < 0.001), LDL (95.9 vs. 60.2, p < 0.001), HDL (51.0 vs. 48.0, p < 0.001), TG (114 vs. 95.0, p < 0.001), ALT (24.0 vs. 22.0, p < 0.001), and AST (28.0 vs. 22.0, p < 0.001), but had no effect on the energy and ingredient content of the diets (p > 0.05) after treatment. Conclusion: Evening primrose oil was found to have beneficial effects on lipid profiles and transaminase activity during isotretinoin treatment. However, longer studies are needed to make more reliable decisions regarding the use of evening primrose oil and its safety in clinical practice. The evening primrose oil treatment group also showed a reduction in dietary energy due to a reduction in dietary protein and carbohydrates.
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Gu H, An HJ, Gwon MG, Bae S, Leem J, Lee SJ, Han SM, Zouboulis CC, Park KK. Bee Venom and Its Major Component Melittin Attenuated Cutibacterium acnes- and IGF-1-Induced Acne Vulgaris via Inactivation of Akt/mTOR/SREBP Signaling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063152. [PMID: 35328573 PMCID: PMC8953527 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Acne vulgaris is the most common disease of the pilosebaceous unit. The pathogenesis of this disease is complex, involving increased sebum production and perifollicular inflammation. Understanding the factors that regulate sebum production is important in identifying novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of acne. Bee Venom (BV) and melittin have multiple effects including antibacterial, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory activities in various cell types. However, the anti-lipogenic mechanisms of BV and melittin have not been elucidated. We investigated the effects of BV and melittin in models of Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) or Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes)-induced lipogenic skin disease. C. acnes or IGF-1 increased the expression of sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 (SREBP-1) and proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ), transcription factors that regulate numerous genes involved in lipid biosynthesis through the protein kinase B (Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)/SREBP signaling pathway. In this study using a C. acnes or IGF-1 stimulated lipogenic disease model, BV and melittin inhibited the increased expression of lipogenic and pro-inflammatory factor through the blockade of the Akt/mTOR/SREBP signaling pathway. This study suggests for the first time that BV and melittin could be developed as potential natural anti-acne agents with anti-lipogenesis, anti-inflammatory, and anti-C. acnes activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyemin Gu
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongsan 42472, Korea; (H.G.); (H.-J.A.); (M.-G.G.); (S.B.); (S.-J.L.)
| | - Hyun-Jin An
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongsan 42472, Korea; (H.G.); (H.-J.A.); (M.-G.G.); (S.B.); (S.-J.L.)
| | - Mi-Gyeong Gwon
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongsan 42472, Korea; (H.G.); (H.-J.A.); (M.-G.G.); (S.B.); (S.-J.L.)
| | - Seongjae Bae
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongsan 42472, Korea; (H.G.); (H.-J.A.); (M.-G.G.); (S.B.); (S.-J.L.)
| | - Jaechan Leem
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongsan 42472, Korea;
| | - Sun-Jae Lee
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongsan 42472, Korea; (H.G.); (H.-J.A.); (M.-G.G.); (S.B.); (S.-J.L.)
| | - Sang-Mi Han
- Department of Agricultural Biology, National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA, Wanju 54875, Korea;
| | - Christos C. Zouboulis
- Departments of Dermatology, Venereology, Allergology and Immunology, Dessau Medical Center, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, Auenweg 38, 06847 Dessau, Germany;
| | - Kwan-Kyu Park
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongsan 42472, Korea; (H.G.); (H.-J.A.); (M.-G.G.); (S.B.); (S.-J.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-53-650-4149
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Carmina E, Dreno B, Lucky WA, Agak WG, Dokras A, Kim JJ, Lobo RA, Ramezani Tehrani F, Dumesic D. Female Adult Acne and Androgen Excess: A Report From the Multidisciplinary Androgen Excess and PCOS Committee. J Endocr Soc 2022; 6:bvac003. [PMID: 35155970 PMCID: PMC8826298 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvac003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
In endocrine and reproductive endocrine literature, adult female acne is considered as a possible clinical expression of hyperandrogenism, with most polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) guidelines considering acne as a condition of androgen excess. Adult female acne, however, in the dermatological literature is considered as an inflammatory skin disease and new guidelines on adult female acne have been produced by dermatological societies, with little perspective from any endocrine or reproductive endocrine points of view. An expert task force was appointed by the AE-PCOS society to determine the current state of knowledge and provide evidence-based recommendations that could be valid for all specialists taking care of female adult acne. The following are the recommendations (level of evidence A or B): (1) diagnosis of female adult acne is mainly clinical, but a grading tool is needed for optimizing the treatment; (2) measurement of serum androgen values (total testosterone, free testosterone, and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate) by high-quality assays is recommended in all women with adult acne; (3) in women with adult acne and proven hyperandrogenism, oral combined estroprogestins should be added to the topical or systemic treatment of acne, independently of severity of acne; (4) all second- and third-generation estroprogestins may be used, independently of the estrogen dose and progestin component; (5) spironolactone may be added to estroprogestins in women with moderate or severe hyperandrogenic adult acne, not responding to usual treatments; (6) estroprogestins may be used in nonhyperandrogenic patients with adult acne as second-line therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Carmina
- Endocrinology Unit, University of Palermo Medical School, Palermo, 90139, Italy
| | - Brigitte Dreno
- Department of Dermatology, University of Nantes Medical School, Nantes, 44093, France
| | - W Anne Lucky
- Department of Dermatology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine and Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - W George Agak
- Department of Medicine, Division of Dermatology, University of California (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90035, USA
| | - Anuja Dokras
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jin Ju Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul National University Hospital and The Institute of Reproductive Medicine and Population, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Rogerio A Lobo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Fahimeh Ramezani Tehrani
- Reproductive Endocrinology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR 1985717413, Iran
| | - Daniel Dumesic
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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Sommatis S, Capillo MC, Maccario C, Liga E, Grimaldi G, Rauso R, Bencini PL, Guida S, Zerbinati N, Mocchi R. Biophysical and Biological Tools to Better Characterize the Stability, Safety and Efficacy of a Cosmeceutical for Acne-Prone Skin. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27041255. [PMID: 35209043 PMCID: PMC8879469 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27041255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Acne is a widespread skin disease, especially among adolescents. Following the COVID-19 pandemic and the use of masks, the problem has been affecting a greater number of people, and the attention of the skin care beauty routine cosmetics has been focused on the “Maskne”, caused by the sebum excretion rate (SER) that stimulates microbial proliferation. (2) Methods: the present study was focused on the rheological characterization and quality assurance of the preservative system of an anti-acne serum. The biological effectiveness (cytotoxicity—skin and eye irritation—antimicrobial, biofilm eradication and anti-inflammatory activity) was evaluated in a monolayer cell line of keratinocytes (HaCaT) and on 3D models (reconstructed human epidermis, RHE and human reconstructed corneal epithelium, HCE). The Cutibacterium acnes, as the most relevant acne-inducing bacterium, is chosen as a pro-inflammatory stimulus and to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the serum. (3) Results and Conclusions: Rheology allows to simulate serum behavior at rest, extrusion and application, so the serum could be defined as having a solid-like behavior and being pseudoplastic. The preservative system is in compliance with the criteria of the reference standard. Biological effectiveness evaluation shows non-cytotoxic and irritant behavior with a good antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activity of the formulation, supporting the effectiveness of the serum for acne-prone skin treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Sommatis
- UB-CARE S.r.l.-Spin-Off University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (S.S.); (M.C.C.); (C.M.); (E.L.); (G.G.)
| | - Maria Chiara Capillo
- UB-CARE S.r.l.-Spin-Off University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (S.S.); (M.C.C.); (C.M.); (E.L.); (G.G.)
| | - Cristina Maccario
- UB-CARE S.r.l.-Spin-Off University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (S.S.); (M.C.C.); (C.M.); (E.L.); (G.G.)
| | - Elsa Liga
- UB-CARE S.r.l.-Spin-Off University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (S.S.); (M.C.C.); (C.M.); (E.L.); (G.G.)
| | - Giulia Grimaldi
- UB-CARE S.r.l.-Spin-Off University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (S.S.); (M.C.C.); (C.M.); (E.L.); (G.G.)
| | - Raffaele Rauso
- Maxillofacial Surgery Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy;
| | - Pier Luca Bencini
- Istituto di Chirurgia e Laser-Chirurgia in Dermatologia (I.C.L.I.D.), 20121 Milan, Italy;
| | - Stefania Guida
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences Related to Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy;
| | - Nicola Zerbinati
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
- Correspondence: (N.Z.); (R.M.)
| | - Roberto Mocchi
- UB-CARE S.r.l.-Spin-Off University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (S.S.); (M.C.C.); (C.M.); (E.L.); (G.G.)
- Correspondence: (N.Z.); (R.M.)
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Vietri Rudan M, Watt FM. Mammalian Epidermis: A Compendium of Lipid Functionality. Front Physiol 2022; 12:804824. [PMID: 35095565 PMCID: PMC8791442 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.804824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian epidermis is a striking example of the role of lipids in tissue biology. In this stratified epithelium, highly specialized structures are formed that leverage the hydrophobic properties of lipids to form an impermeable barrier and protect the humid internal environment of the body from the dry outside. This is achieved through tightly regulated lipid synthesis that generates the molecular species unique to the tissue. Beyond their fundamental structural role, lipids are involved in the active protection of the body from external insults. Lipid species present on the surface of the body possess antimicrobial activity and directly contribute to shaping the commensal microbiota. Lipids belonging to a variety of classes are also involved in the signaling events that modulate the immune responses to environmental stress as well as differentiation of the epidermal keratinocytes themselves. Recently, high-resolution methods are beginning to provide evidence for the involvement of newly identified specific lipid molecules in the regulation of epidermal homeostasis. In this review we give an overview of the wide range of biological functions of mammalian epidermal lipids.
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Abstract
Fluid secretion by exocrine glandular organs is essential to the survival of mammals. Each glandular unit within the body is uniquely organized to carry out its own specific functions, with failure to establish these specialized structures resulting in impaired organ function. Here, we review glandular organs in terms of shared and divergent architecture. We first describe the structural organization of the diverse glandular secretory units (the end-pieces) and their fluid transporting systems (the ducts) within the mammalian system, focusing on how tissue architecture corresponds to functional output. We then highlight how defects in development of end-piece and ductal architecture impacts secretory function. Finally, we discuss how knowledge of exocrine gland structure-function relationships can be applied to the development of new diagnostics, regenerative approaches and tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameed Khan
- Department of Obstetrics Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Sarah Fitch
- Department of Obstetrics Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Sarah Knox
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Ripla Arora
- Department of Obstetrics Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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41
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Jin Y, Guo Y, Liu Y, Wang Y, Qin G, Tian Y, Li X. Prevalence and Risk Factors of Dry Eye Symptoms after Successful Dacryocystorhinostomy for Patients with Lacrimal Passage Obstruction. Eur J Ophthalmol 2021; 32:2662-2669. [PMID: 34931533 DOI: 10.1177/11206721211069739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the prevalence of dry eye symptoms after successful dacryocystorhinostomy and explore the potential risk factors. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 565 patients with lacrimal passage obstruction (LPO) who underwent external dacryocystorhinostomy. Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) total score of 13 or more was regarded as presence of dry eye symptoms. OSDI total score greater than 22 combined with self-reported dry eye was defined as symptomatic dry eye. Logistic regression and linear regression were used to examine the associations between OSDI scores and its potentially predictive factors. Results: Of the 565 patients, 344 completed the questionnaire, among which 101(29.4%) patients presented with dry eye symptoms, including 53(15.4%) mild, 14(4.1%) moderate and 34(9.9%) severe, and 48(14.0%) patients can be defined as symptomatic dry eye. Univariate logistic regression revealed that age, educational levels, income levels, and hypertension were significantly correlated with the presence of dry eye symptoms (P < 0.05). After multivariate adjustment, lower income levels were found significantly associated with dry eye symptoms (P < 0.05). Univariate linear regression demonstrated that age, lower educational levels, surgery history, and hypertension were significantly associated with OSDI total score (P = 0.037, 0.012, 0.022, 0.029 respectively). Multivariate stepwise linear regression manifested that educational levels and the surgery history influenced the OSDI total score mostly (P = 0.021, 0.036 respectively). Conclusions: Dry eye problem of LPO patients after successful dacryocystorhinostomy cannot be ignored. In the preoperative evaluation, we should pay special attention to the elderly patients with lower educational levels, lower income levels or systemic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jin
- Department of Ophthalmology, 66482Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Restoration of Damaged Ocular Nerves, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yining Guo
- Department of Ophthalmology, 66482Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Restoration of Damaged Ocular Nerves, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yushi Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, 66482Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Restoration of Damaged Ocular Nerves, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yuexin Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, 66482Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Restoration of Damaged Ocular Nerves, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Guijuan Qin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rizhao Central Hospital, Shandong 276800, China
| | - Yanjie Tian
- Department of Ophthalmology, 66482Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Restoration of Damaged Ocular Nerves, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xuemin Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, 66482Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Restoration of Damaged Ocular Nerves, Beijing 100191, China
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42
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Vijayakumar P, Singaravadivelan A, Mishra A, Jagadeesan K, Bakyaraj S, Suresh R, Sivakumar T. Whole-Genome comparative analysis reveals genetic mechanisms of disease resistance and heat tolerance of tropical Bos indicus cattle breeds. Genome 2021; 65:241-254. [PMID: 34914549 DOI: 10.1139/gen-2021-0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The Bos indicus cattle breeds have been naturally selected over thousands of years for disease resistance and thermo-tolerance. However, a genetic mechanism of these specific inherited characteristics needs to be discovered. Hence, in this study, the whole-genome comparative analysis of Bos indicus cattle breeds of Kangayam, Tharparkar, Sahiwal, Red Sindhi, and Hariana of the Indian subcontinent was conducted. The genetic variants identification analysis revealed a total of 15,58,51,012 SNPs and 1,00,62,805 InDels in the mapped reads across all Bos indicus cattle breeds. The functional annotation of 17,252 genes that comprised both, SNPs and InDels, of high functional impact on proteins, has been carried out. The functional annotation results revealed the pathways that were involved in the innate immune response including toll-like receptors, a retinoic acid-inducible gene I like receptors, NOD-like receptors, Jak-STAT signaling pathways, and the non-synonymous variants in the candidate immune genes. Further, we also identified several pathways involved in heat shock response, hair and skin properties, oxidative stress response, osmotic stress response, thermal sweating, feed intake, metabolism, and the non-synonymous variants in the candidate thermo-tolerant genes. These pathways and genes were directly or indirectly contributing to the disease resistance and thermo-tolerance adaptations of Bos indicus cattle breeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Periyasamy Vijayakumar
- Veterinary College and Research Institute, TANUVAS, Animal Genetics and Breeding, Livestock Farm Comlex, Orathanadu, Tamil Nadu, India, 6145 625;
| | - Arunasalam Singaravadivelan
- Veterinary College and Research Institute, TANUVAS, Livestock Production Management, VCRI, Orathanadu, Orathanadu, Tamil Nadu, India, 614 625;
| | - Anamika Mishra
- High Security Animal Disease laboratory, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Anand Nagar, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India, 462021;
| | - Krishnan Jagadeesan
- University Training and Research Centre, Pillayarpatty - 613 403, , Animal Genetics and Breeding, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - Sanniyasi Bakyaraj
- College of Poultry Production and Management, TANUVAS, Hosur, Tamil nadu, India;
| | - Ramalingam Suresh
- Veterinary College and Research Institute, TANUVAS, Animal Genetics and Breeding, VETERINARY COLLEGE AND RESEARCH INSTITUTE, Orathanadu, Tamil Nadu, India, 243122.,Indian Veterinary Research Institute, 30072, 117, Salihothra Hostel (4th hostel), IVRI, BAREILLY, Izatnagar, UTTAR PRADESH, India, 243122;
| | - Thiagarajan Sivakumar
- Veterinary College and Research Institute, TANUVAS, Livestock Production Management, Orathanadu, Tamil Nadu, India;
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43
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Baroud S, Wu J, Zouboulis CC. Acne Syndromes and Mosaicism. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9111735. [PMID: 34829964 PMCID: PMC8615598 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9111735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormal mosaicism is the coexistence of cells with at least two genotypes, by the time of birth, in an individual derived from a single zygote, which leads to a disease phenotype. Somatic mosaicism can be further categorized into segmental mosaicism and nonsegmental somatic mosaicism. Acne is a chronic illness characterized by inflammatory changes around and in the pilosebaceous units, commonly due to hormone- and inflammatory signaling-mediated factors. Several systemic disorders, such as congenital adrenal hyperplasia, polycystic ovarian syndrome, and seborrhoea-acne-hirsutism-androgenetic alopecia syndrome have classically been associated with acne. Autoinflammatory syndromes, including PAPA, PASH, PAPASH, PsAPASH, PsaPSASH, PASS, and SAPHO syndromes include acneiform lesions as a key manifestation. Mosaic germline mutations in the FGFR2 gene have been associated with Apert syndrome and nevus comedonicus, two illnesses that are accompanied by acneiform lesions. In this review, we summarize the concept of cutaneous mosaicism and elaborate on acne syndromes, as well as acneiform mosaicism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumer Baroud
- Departments of Dermatology, Venereology, Allergology, and Immunology, Dessau Medical Center, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane and Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, 06847 Dessau, Germany; (S.B.); (J.W.)
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Jim Wu
- Departments of Dermatology, Venereology, Allergology, and Immunology, Dessau Medical Center, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane and Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, 06847 Dessau, Germany; (S.B.); (J.W.)
| | - Christos C. Zouboulis
- Departments of Dermatology, Venereology, Allergology, and Immunology, Dessau Medical Center, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane and Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, 06847 Dessau, Germany; (S.B.); (J.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-340-501-4000
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44
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Mussi L, Baby AR, Camargo Junior FB, Padovani G, Sufi BDS, Magalhães WV. Propanediol (and) Caprylic Acid (and) Xylitol as a New Single Topical Active Ingredient against Acne: In Vitro and In Vivo Efficacy Assays. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26216704. [PMID: 34771112 PMCID: PMC8587458 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In addition to dermatological complications, acne can affect the quality of life of individuals in numerous ways, such as employment, social habits and body dissatisfaction. According to our expertise, caprylic acid and propanediol would not have a direct action on Cutibacterium acnes. Despite this, we investigated the existence of a synergistic effect among xylitol, caprylic acid and propanediol as a mixture of compounds representing a single topical active ingredient that could benefit the treatment against acne. In vitro and in vivo assays were performed to challenge and to prove the efficacy of propanediol, xylitol and caprylic acid (PXCA) against acne. PXCA had its MIC challenged against C. acnes (formerly Propionibacterium acnes) and Staphylococcus aureus, resulting in concentrations of 0.125% and 0.25%, respectively, and it also developed antimicrobial activity against C. acnes (time-kill test). PXCA was able to reduce the 5-alpha reductase expression in 24% (p < 0.01) in comparison with the testosterone group. By the end of 28 days of treatment, the compound reduced the skin oiliness, porphyrin amount and the quantity of inflammatory lesions in participants. According to the dermatologist evaluation, PXCA improved the skin's general appearance, acne presence and size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilian Mussi
- Research and Development Department, Chemyunion Ltd., 18087-101 Sorocaba, Brazil; (L.M.); (F.B.C.J.); (G.P.); (B.d.S.S.)
| | - André Rolim Baby
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, Brazil
- Correspondence: (A.R.B.); (W.V.M.)
| | - Flavio Bueno Camargo Junior
- Research and Development Department, Chemyunion Ltd., 18087-101 Sorocaba, Brazil; (L.M.); (F.B.C.J.); (G.P.); (B.d.S.S.)
| | - Giovana Padovani
- Research and Development Department, Chemyunion Ltd., 18087-101 Sorocaba, Brazil; (L.M.); (F.B.C.J.); (G.P.); (B.d.S.S.)
| | - Bianca da Silva Sufi
- Research and Development Department, Chemyunion Ltd., 18087-101 Sorocaba, Brazil; (L.M.); (F.B.C.J.); (G.P.); (B.d.S.S.)
| | - Wagner Vidal Magalhães
- Research and Development Department, Chemyunion Ltd., 18087-101 Sorocaba, Brazil; (L.M.); (F.B.C.J.); (G.P.); (B.d.S.S.)
- Correspondence: (A.R.B.); (W.V.M.)
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45
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Transcriptional Differences in Lipid-Metabolizing Enzymes in Murine Sebocytes Derived from Sebaceous Glands of the Skin and Preputial Glands. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111631. [PMID: 34769061 PMCID: PMC8584257 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sebaceous glands are adnexal structures, which critically contribute to skin homeostasis and the establishment of a functional epidermal barrier. Sebocytes, the main cell population found within the sebaceous glands, are highly specialized lipid-producing cells. Sebaceous gland-resembling tissue structures are also found in male rodents in the form of preputial glands. Similar to sebaceous glands, they are composed of lipid-specialized sebocytes. Due to a lack of adequate organ culture models for skin sebaceous glands and the fact that preputial glands are much larger and easier to handle, previous studies used preputial glands as a model for skin sebaceous glands. Here, we compared both types of sebocytes, using a single-cell RNA sequencing approach, to unravel potential similarities and differences between the two sebocyte populations. In spite of common gene expression patterns due to general lipid-producing properties, we found significant differences in the expression levels of genes encoding enzymes involved in the biogenesis of specialized lipid classes. Specifically, genes critically involved in the mevalonate pathway, including squalene synthase, as well as the sphingolipid salvage pathway, such as ceramide synthase, (acid) sphingomyelinase or acid and alkaline ceramidases, were significantly less expressed by preputial gland sebocytes. Together, our data revealed tissue-specific sebocyte populations, indicating major developmental, functional as well as biosynthetic differences between both glands. The use of preputial glands as a surrogate model to study skin sebaceous glands is therefore limited, and major differences between both glands need to be carefully considered before planning an experiment.
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46
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Pili Multigemini Is a Possible Risk Factor for Pilonidal Sinus Disease. Int Surg 2021. [DOI: 10.9738/intsurg-d-15-00219.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to analyze both previously proposed and new risk factors for the development of pilonidal sinus. This is a prospective case-control study consisting of 145 patients with pilonidal sinus disease (n = 45) and a control group (n = 100). All patients were admitted to the department of general surgery between January 2013 and May 2015. The patients' age, family history, medical history, sitting time in a day, sitting posture, body mass index (BMI), Garn hairiness score, and hair type were evaluated. There were significant differences between the groups in the following characteristics: age (P = 0.01); positive family history (P = 0.01); medical history (P = 0.01); sitting time in a day (P = 0.01); sitting posture (P = 0.01); BMI (P = 0.01); Garn score (P = 0.01); and hair type. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that positive family history (P = 0.03); Garn score (P = 0.05); medical history (P = 0.01); and sitting posture (P = 0.02) were independent risk factors for the development of pilonidal sinus disease.
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47
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Moon KM, Lee MK, Hwang T, Choi CW, Kim MS, Kim HR, Lee B. The multi-functional roles of forkhead box protein O in skin aging and diseases. Redox Biol 2021; 46:102101. [PMID: 34418600 PMCID: PMC8385202 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Forkhead box, class O (FoxO) family members are multifunctional transcription factors that are involved in several metabolic processes, including energy metabolism, apoptosis, DNA repair, and oxidative stress. However, their roles in skin health have not been well-documented. Recent studies have indicated that FoxOs are important factors to control skin homeostasis and health. The activation or deactivation of some FoxO family members is closely related to melanogenesis, wound healing, acne, and melanoma. In this review, we have discussed the recent findings that demonstrate the relationship between FoxOs and skin health as well as the underlying mechanisms associated with their functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung Mi Moon
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Kyeong Lee
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pukyong National University, Nam-Gu, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Taehyeok Hwang
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Chun Whan Choi
- Natural Product Research Team, Biocenter, Gyeonggido Business and Science Accelerator, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Soo Kim
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea; Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeung-Rak Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pukyong National University, Nam-Gu, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Bonggi Lee
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pukyong National University, Nam-Gu, Busan, Republic of Korea.
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48
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Somayaji MR, Das D, Garimella HT, German CL, Przekwas AJ, Simon L. An Integrated Biophysical Model for Predicting the Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Transdermally Delivered Compounds. Eur J Pharm Sci 2021; 167:105924. [PMID: 34289340 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2021.105924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The delivery of therapeutic drugs through the skin is a promising alternative to oral or parenteral delivery routes because dermal drug delivery systems (D3S) offer unique advantages such as controlled drug release over sustained periods and a significant reduction in first-pass effects, thus reducing the required dosing frequency and level of patient noncompliance. Furthermore, D3S find applications in multiple therapeutic areas, including drug repurposing. This article presents an integrated biophysical model of dermal absorption for simulating the permeation and absorption of compounds delivered transdermally. The biophysical model is physiologically/biologically inspired and combines a holistic model of healthy skin with whole-body physiology-based pharmacokinetics through dermis microcirculation. The model also includes the effects of chemical penetration enhancers and hair follicles on transdermal transport. The model-predicted permeation and pharmacokinetics of select compounds were validated using in vivo data reported in the literature. We conjecture that the integrated model can be used to gather insights into the permeation and systemic absorption of transdermal formulations (including cosmetic products) released from novel depots and optimize delivery systems. Furthermore, the model can be adapted to diseased skin with parametrization and structural adjustments specific to skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahadevabharath R Somayaji
- Manager, Computational Medicine and Biology, CFD Research Corporation, Huntsville, AL 35806, United States.
| | - Debarun Das
- Manager, Computational Medicine and Biology, CFD Research Corporation, Huntsville, AL 35806, United States
| | - Harsha Teja Garimella
- Manager, Computational Medicine and Biology, CFD Research Corporation, Huntsville, AL 35806, United States
| | - Carrie L German
- Manager, Computational Medicine and Biology, CFD Research Corporation, Huntsville, AL 35806, United States
| | - Andrzej J Przekwas
- Manager, Computational Medicine and Biology, CFD Research Corporation, Huntsville, AL 35806, United States
| | - Laurent Simon
- Otto H. York Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, United States
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Golonka I, Greber KE, Oleksy-Wawrzyniak M, Paleczny J, Dryś A, Junka A, Sawicki W, Musiał W. Antimicrobial and Antioxidative Activity of Newly Synthesized Peptides Absorbed into Bacterial Cellulose Carrier against Acne vulgaris. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147466. [PMID: 34299085 PMCID: PMC8306634 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The ongoing search for effective treatment of Acne vulgaris is concentrated, i.a., on natural peptides with antimicrobial properties. The aim of this work was the development of new amino acid derivatives with potential activity on dermal infections against selected microorganisms, including the facultative anaerobe C. acne. The peptides P1–P6 were synthesized via Fmoc solid phase peptide synthesis using Rink amide AM resin, analyzed by RP-HPLC-MS, FTIR, DPPH radical scavenging activity, and evaluated against C. acne and S. aureus, both deposited and non-deposited in BC. Peptides P1–P6 presented a lack of cytotoxicity, antimicrobial activity, or antioxidative properties correlated with selected structural properties. P2 and P4–P6 sorption in BC resulted in variable data, i.a., confirming the prospective topical application of these peptides in a BC carrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Golonka
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Biophysics, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (I.G.); (A.D.)
| | - Katarzyna E. Greber
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, Al. Gen. J. Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland; (K.E.G.); (W.S.)
| | - Monika Oleksy-Wawrzyniak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Parasitology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.O.-W.); (J.P.); (A.J.)
| | - Justyna Paleczny
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Parasitology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.O.-W.); (J.P.); (A.J.)
| | - Andrzej Dryś
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Biophysics, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (I.G.); (A.D.)
| | - Adam Junka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Parasitology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.O.-W.); (J.P.); (A.J.)
| | - Wiesław Sawicki
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, Al. Gen. J. Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland; (K.E.G.); (W.S.)
| | - Witold Musiał
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Biophysics, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (I.G.); (A.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-717-840-231
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50
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Santhosh P, George M. Clascoterone: a new topical anti-androgen for acne management. Int J Dermatol 2021; 60:1561-1565. [PMID: 34242398 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.15752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Clascoterone is an androgen receptor inhibitor which has been approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration for the topical treatment of acne vulgaris in patients 12 years of age and older. It competes with androgens, especially dihydrotestosterone, for androgen-receptor binding and limits their binding, thus inhibiting downstream signaling of pathways involved in the pathogenesis of acne. It inhibits androgen receptor-regulated gene transcription, and antagonizes lipid and inflammatory cytokine production in a dose-dependent manner in human primary sebocytes. Clascoterone is commercially available as 1% (10 mg/g) cream. Adverse effects of topical clascoterone are mild and infrequent, and are mostly limited to local skin reactions. Long-term safety studies have shown an absence of systemic antiandrogenic effects like reduced libido or feminization in male participants. Clascoterone seems a promising topical drug with a novel mechanism of action that could be added to the armamentarium of therapies for acne.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvathy Santhosh
- Department of Dermatology, Malabar Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Kozhikode, India
| | - Mamatha George
- Department of Dermatology, Malabar Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Kozhikode, India
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