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Morio KA, Sternowski RH, Zeng E, Brogden KA. Antimicrobial Peptides and Biomarkers Induced by Ultraviolet Irradiation Have the Potential to Reduce Endodontic Inflammation and Facilitate Tissue Healing. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14091979. [PMID: 36145725 PMCID: PMC9503046 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14091979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation can modulate host immune responses and this approach is a novel application for treating endodontic infections and inflammation in root canals. Methods: A dataset of UV-induced molecules was compiled from a literature search. A subset of this dataset was used to calculate expression log2 ratios of endodontic tissue molecules from HEPM cells and gingival fibroblasts after 255, 405, and 255/405 nm UV irradiation. Both datasets were analyzed using ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA, Qiagen, Germantown, MD, USA). Statistical significance was calculated using Fisher’s exact test and z-scores were calculated for IPA comparison analysis. Results: The dataset of 32 UV-induced molecules contained 9 antimicrobial peptides, 10 cytokines, 6 growth factors, 3 enzymes, 2 transmembrane receptors, and 2 transcription regulators. These molecules were in the IPA canonical pathway annotations for the wound healing signaling pathway (9/32, p = 3.22 × 10−11) and communication between immune cells (6/32, p = 8.74 × 10−11). In the IPA disease and function annotations, the 32 molecules were associated with an antimicrobial response, cell-to-cell signaling and interaction, cellular movement, hematological system development and function, immune cell trafficking, and inflammatory response. In IPA comparison analysis of the 13 molecules, the predicted activation or inhibition of pathways depended upon the cell type exposed, the wavelength of the UV irradiation used, and the time after exposure. Conclusions: UV irradiation activates and inhibits cellular pathways and immune functions. These results suggested that UV irradiation can activate innate and adaptive immune responses, which may supplement endodontic procedures to reduce infection, inflammation, and pain and assist tissues to heal.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Erliang Zeng
- Division of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, College of Dentistry, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Kim A. Brogden
- College of Dentistry, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Correspondence:
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2
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Li F, Lai Y, Ye J, Saeed M, Dang Y, Zou Z, Chen F, Zhang W, Xu Z. Dual-targeting prodrug nanotheranostics for NIR-Ⅱ fluorescence imaging-guided photo-immunotherapy of glioblastoma. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 12:3486-3497. [PMID: 36176914 PMCID: PMC9513488 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) therapy is severely impaired by the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and invasive tumor growth in the central nervous system. To improve GBM therapy, we herein presented a dual-targeting nanotheranostic for second near-infrared (NIR-II) fluorescence imaging-guided photo-immunotherapy. Firstly, a NIR-Ⅱ fluorophore MRP bearing donor-acceptor-donor (D-A-D) backbone was synthesized. Then, the prodrug nanotheranostics were prepared by self-assembling MRP with a prodrug of JQ1 (JPC) and T7 ligand-modified PEG5k-DSPE. T7 can cross the BBB for tumor-targeted delivery of JPC and MRP. JQ1 could be restored from JPC at the tumor site for suppressing interferon gamma-inducible programmed death ligand 1 expression in the tumor cells. MRP could generate NIR-II fluorescence to navigate 808 nm laser, induce a photothermal effect to trigger in-situ antigen release at the tumor site, and ultimately elicit antitumor immunogenicity. Photo-immunotherapy with JPC and MRP dual-loaded nanoparticles remarkably inhibited GBM tumor growth in vivo. The dual-targeting nanotheranostic might represent a novel nanoplatform for precise photo-immunotherapy of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenglin Li
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yi Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jiayi Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Madiha Saeed
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yijing Dang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Zhifeng Zou
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Fangmin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Zhiai Xu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
- Corresponding author. Tel./fax: +86 21 54340053.
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3
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Barros NDM, Sbroglio LL, Buffara MDO, Baka JLCES, Pessoa ADS, Azulay-Abulafia L. Phototherapy. An Bras Dermatol 2021; 96:397-407. [PMID: 33849754 PMCID: PMC8245715 DOI: 10.1016/j.abd.2021.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Of all the therapeutic options available in Dermatology, few of them have the history, effectiveness, and safety of phototherapy. Heliotherapy, NB-UVB, PUVA, and UVA1 are currently the most common types of phototherapy used. Although psoriasis is the most frequent indication, it is used for atopic dermatitis, vitiligo, cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, and cutaneous sclerosis, among others. Before indicating phototherapy, a complete patient assessment should be performed. Possible contraindications should be actively searched for and it is essential to assess whether the patient can come to the treatment center at least twice a week. One of the main method limitations is the difficulty that patients have to attend the sessions. This therapy usually occurs in association with other treatments: topical or systemic medications. Maintaining the regular monitoring of the patient is essential to identify and treat possible adverse effects. Phototherapy is recognized for its benefits and should be considered whenever possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norami de Moura Barros
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Universitário Pedro Ernesto, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Lissiê Lunardi Sbroglio
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Universitário Pedro Ernesto, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Maria de Oliveira Buffara
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Universitário Pedro Ernesto, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Allen de Souza Pessoa
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Universitário Pedro Ernesto, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Luna Azulay-Abulafia
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Universitário Pedro Ernesto, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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TaaI/Cdx-2 AA Variant of VDR Defines the Response to Phototherapy amongst Patients with Psoriasis. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11060567. [PMID: 34208603 PMCID: PMC8234577 DOI: 10.3390/life11060567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
1,25-dihydroxyvitamin-D3 plays a central role in the immune system via binding to the vitamin D receptor. VDR polymorphisms have been associated with multiple autoimmune disorders, including psoriasis. Until now, five VDR polymorphisms, FokI, ApaI, BsmI, TaqI and TaaI/Cdx2, have been studied in psoriasis, with contradicting results. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the association of VDR polymorphisms with susceptibility to psoriasis, effectiveness of NB-UVB phototherapy and concentration of proinflammatory cytokines and vitamin D amongst the Polish population. VDR polymorphisms were analyzed by PCR-RFLP or real-time PCR. We found that the frequency of the TaaI/Cdx-2 GG genotype was significantly higher in psoriasis patients and was associated with regulation of IL-17 and IL-23 concentration. Moreover, TaaI/Cdx-2 AA might have a significant effect on the response to phototherapy amongst patients with psoriasis. Our results suggest that VDR is a susceptibility factor for psoriasis development. Moreover, TaaI/Cdx-2 variants have a significant effect on the response to phototherapy amongst patients with psoriasis and regulation of inflammatory response via decrease of IL-17 and IL-23 level after UVB phototherapy in the Polish population. Results of our study provide some evidence in support of the hypothesis that the vitamin D signaling pathway may be of relevance for pathogenesis and treatment of psoriasis.
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McCullough PJ, McCullough WP, Lehrer D, Travers JB, Repas SJ. Oral and Topical Vitamin D, Sunshine, and UVB Phototherapy Safely Control Psoriasis in Patients with Normal Pretreatment Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations: A Literature Review and Discussion of Health Implications. Nutrients 2021; 13:1511. [PMID: 33947070 PMCID: PMC8146035 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D, sunshine and UVB phototherapy were first reported in the early 1900s to control psoriasis, cure rickets and cure tuberculosis (TB). Vitamin D also controlled asthma and rheumatoid arthritis with intakes ranging from 60,000 to 600,000 International Units (IU)/day. In the 1980s, interest in treating psoriasis with vitamin D rekindled. Since 1985 four different oral forms of vitamin D (D2, D3, 1-hydroxyvitaminD3 (1(OH)D3) and 1,25-dihydroxyvitaminD3 (calcitriol)) and several topical formulations have been reported safe and effective treatments for psoriasis-as has UVB phototherapy and sunshine. In this review we show that many pre-treatment serum 25(OH)D concentrations fall within the current range of normal, while many post-treatment concentrations fall outside the upper limit of this normal (100 ng/mL). Yet, psoriasis patients showed significant clinical improvement without complications using these treatments. Current estimates of vitamin D sufficiency appear to underestimate serum 25(OH)D concentrations required for optimal health in psoriasis patients, while concentrations associated with adverse events appear to be much higher than current estimates of safe serum 25(OH)D concentrations. Based on these observations, the therapeutic index for vitamin D needs to be reexamined in the treatment of psoriasis and other diseases strongly linked to vitamin D deficiency, including COVID-19 infections, which may also improve safely with sufficient vitamin D intake or UVB exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick J. McCullough
- Medical Services Department, Summit Behavioral Healthcare, Ohio Department of Mental Health and Addiction Services, 1101 Summit Rd, Cincinnati, OH 45237, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, 3640 Colonel Glenn Hwy, Dayton, OH 45435, USA;
| | | | - Douglas Lehrer
- Department of Psychiatry, Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, 3640 Colonel Glenn Hwy, Dayton, OH 45435, USA;
| | - Jeffrey B. Travers
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, 3640 Colonel Glenn Hwy, Dayton, OH 45435, USA;
| | - Steven J. Repas
- Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, 3640 Colonel Glenn Hwy, Dayton, OH 45435, USA;
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Grandi C, D’Ovidio MC. Balance between Health Risks and Benefits for Outdoor Workers Exposed to Solar Radiation: An Overview on the Role of Near Infrared Radiation Alone and in Combination with Other Solar Spectral Bands. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17041357. [PMID: 32093162 PMCID: PMC7068431 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17041357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Near infrared or infrared A (IRA) accounts for over 40% of the solar spectrum (SS) and is able to reach subcutaneous tissue as well as the retina. Outdoor workers are occupationally exposed to solar radiation (SR), but the level of exposure may differ widely depending on the job performed, time spent outdoors, latitude, altitude, season, personal protection, etc. Until now, risk assessment and management for outdoor workers has focused on the prevention of both acute and long-term effects on the eye and the skin due to solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) with little consideration of the other components of the SS (a possible exception is represented by visible radiation with reference to the eye). A growing body of evidence coming from in vitro studies indicates that IRA is involved in cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and may interfere with the respiratory chain in the mitochondria. Moreover, it can modulate gene expression and some metabolic pathways. The biological action of IRA is only partly attributable to a thermal mechanism, should it be also involved in photochemical ones. The cellular and molecular pathways affected by IRA are partly similar and partly different with respect to those involved in the case of visible ultraviolet A (UVA) and ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation. Consequently, the net effect of the SS is very difficult to predict at different levels of the biological organization, making more difficult the final balance of health risk and benefits (for the skin, eye, immune system, blood pressure, etc.) in a given exposure situation. Moreover, few in vivo studies and no epidemiological data are presently available in this regard. Investigating this topic may contribute to better defining the individual exposome. More practically, it is expected to bring benefits to the risk assessment and management for outdoor workers exposed to SS, contributing to: (1) better definition of the individual profiles of susceptibility, (2) more focused preventive and protective measures, (3) better implementation of the health surveillance and (4) a more effective information and training.
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Bernard JJ, Gallo RL, Krutmann J. Photoimmunology: how ultraviolet radiation affects the immune system. Nat Rev Immunol 2019; 19:688-701. [PMID: 31213673 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-019-0185-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is a ubiquitous component of the environment that has important effects on a wide range of cell functions. Short-wavelength UVB radiation induces sunburn and is a potent immunomodulator, yet longer-wavelength, lower-energy UVA radiation also has effects on mammalian immunity. This Review discusses current knowledge regarding the mechanisms by which UV radiation can modify innate and adaptive immune responses and how this immunomodulatory capacity can be both beneficial in the case of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, and detrimental in the case of skin cancer and the response to several infectious agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie J Bernard
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA. .,Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
| | - Richard L Gallo
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jean Krutmann
- IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany
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Parkes JE, Rothwell S, Oldroyd A, Chinoy H, Lamb JA. Genetic background may contribute to the latitude-dependent prevalence of dermatomyositis and anti-TIF1-γ autoantibodies in adult patients with myositis. Arthritis Res Ther 2018; 20:117. [PMID: 29884237 PMCID: PMC5994128 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-018-1617-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The prevalence of dermatomyositis (DM) versus DM and polymyositis (PM) combined has been shown to be negatively associated with latitude. This observation has been attributed to increasing exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light towards the equator. In this study, we investigated whether differing genetic background in populations could contribute to this distribution of DM. Methods Case data derived from the MYOGEN (Myositis Genetics Consortium) Immunochip study (n = 1769) were used to model the association of DM prevalence and DM-specific autoantibodies with latitude. Control data (n = 9911) were used to model the relationship of human leucocyte antigen (HLA) associated with DM autoantibodies and DM or PM single-nucleotide polymorphisms (suggestive significance in the Immunochip project, P < 2.25 × 10− 5) in healthy control subjects with latitude. All variables were analysed against latitude using ordered logistic regression, adjusted for sex. Results The prevalence of DM, as a proportion of DM and PM combined, and the presence of anti-transcription intermediary factor 1 (anti-TIF1-γ) autoantibodies were both significantly negatively associated with latitude (OR 0.96, 95% CI 0.95–0.98, P < 0.001; and OR 0.95, 95% CI 0.92–0.99, P = 0.004, respectively). HLA alleles significantly associated with anti-Mi-2 and anti-TIF1-γ autoantibodies also were strongly negatively associated with latitude (OR 0.97, 95% CI 0.96–0.98, P < 0.001 and OR 0.98, 95% CI 0.97–0.99, P < 0.001, respectively). The frequency of five PM- or DM-associated SNPs showed a significant association with latitude (P < 0.05), and the direction of four of these associations was consistent with the latitude associations of the clinical phenotypes. Conclusions These results lend some support to the hypothesis that genetic background, in addition to UV exposure, may contribute to the distribution of DM. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13075-018-1617-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna E Parkes
- Centre for Epidemiology, Division of Population Health, Health Services Research & Primary Care, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, 2.706 Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK.
| | - Simon Rothwell
- Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Division of Musculoskeletal & Dermatological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Alexander Oldroyd
- Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Division of Musculoskeletal & Dermatological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Arthritis Research UK Centre for Epidemiology, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK.,National Institute for Health Research Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Hector Chinoy
- Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Division of Musculoskeletal & Dermatological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,National Institute for Health Research Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Department of Rheumatology, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Salford, UK
| | - Janine A Lamb
- Centre for Epidemiology, Division of Population Health, Health Services Research & Primary Care, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, 2.706 Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
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Matos TR, de Rie MA. Discovery of skin lymphocytes was a game changer in experimental dermatology. Exp Dermatol 2017; 26:683-684. [PMID: 28191676 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A substantial part of ongoing research in experimental dermatology focuses on skin T cells-for that reason, we find important to highlight the pioneering work of Jan D. Bos et al. from 1987 (The skin immune system (SIS): Distribution and immunophenotype of lymphocyte subpopulations in normal skin) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3494791. This key article sets the record straight, once and for all, about the presence of lymphocytes in healthy skin, characterized the immunophenotypes of subpopulations, quantified these cells and studied their location. It was perhaps the critical discoveries made by Bos et al. that fuelled the scientific community's interest in skin lymphocytes, contributing to a new generation of cutaneous immunology research. We briefly describe additional scientific breakthroughs made since 1987. Nonetheless, the study of cutaneous lymphocytes remains essential to understand the relationship of these cells to human diseases and to develop therapies that can be leveraged to selectively mobilize, enhance or deplete these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago R Matos
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Menno A de Rie
- Department of Dermatology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Matos TR, Sheth V. Novel applications of Phototherapy. Clin Dermatol 2016; 34:529-31. [PMID: 27638429 DOI: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tiago R Matos
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and, Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Ave., EBRC Room 505 Boston, MA 02115.
| | - Vaneeta Sheth
- Newton-Wellesley Dermatology Assoc., 65 Walnut Street, Suite 520, Wellesley, MA 02481.
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