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Fadaly WAA, Elshewy A, Nemr MTM, Abdou K, Sayed AM, Kahk NM. Discovery of novel thiazole derivatives containing pyrazole scaffold as PPAR-γ Agonists, α-Glucosidase, α-Amylase and COX-2 inhibitors; Design, synthesis and in silico study. Bioorg Chem 2024; 152:107760. [PMID: 39197383 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2024] [Revised: 08/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024]
Abstract
A novel series of thiazole derivatives with pyrazole scaffold 16a-l as hybrid rosiglitazone/celecoxib analogs was designed, synthesized and tested for its PPAR-γ activation, α-glucosidase, α-amylase and COX-2 inhibitory activities. Regarding the anti-diabetic activity, all compounds were assessed in vitro against PPAR-γ activation, α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibition in addition to in vivo hypoglycemic activity (one day and 15 days studies). Compounds 16b, 16c, 16e and 16 k showed good PPAR-γ activation (activation % ≈ 72-79 %) compared to that of the reference drug rosiglitazone (74 %). In addition, the same derivatives 16b, 16c, 16e and 16 k showed the highest inhibitory activities against α-glucosidase (IC50 = 0.158, 0.314, 0.305, 0.128 μM, respectively) and against α-amylase (IC50 = 32.46, 23.21, 7.74, 35.85 μM, respectively) compared to the reference drug acarbose (IC50 = 0.161 and 31.46 μM for α-glucosidase and α-amylase, respectively). The most active derivatives 16b, 16c, 16e and 16 k also revealed good in vivo hypoglycemic effect comparable to that of rosiglitazone. In addition, compounds 16b and 16c had the best COX-2 selectivity index (S.I. = 18.7, 31.7, respectively) compared to celecoxib (S.I. = 10.3). In vivo anti-inflammatory activity of the target derivatives 16b, 16c, 16e and 16 k supported the results of in vitro screening as the derivatives 16b and 16c (ED50 = 8.2 and 24 mg/kg, respectively) were more potent than celecoxib (ED50 = 30 mg/kg). In silico docking, ADME, toxicity, and molecular dynamic studies were carried out to explain the interactions of the most active anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory compounds 16b, 16c, 16e and 16 k with the target enzymes in addition to their physiochemical parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wael A A Fadaly
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Elshewy
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Eini street 11562, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Natural and Applied Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, The American University of Iraq-Baghdad (AUIB), Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Mohamed T M Nemr
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Eini street 11562, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Kareem Abdou
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Sayed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Collage of Pharmacy, Almaaqal University, 61014 Basrah, Iraq
| | - Nesma M Kahk
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt
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2
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Sun G, Wang B, Zhu H, Ye J, Liu X. Role of sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) in sepsis-associated intestinal injury. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1265398. [PMID: 37746079 PMCID: PMC10514503 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1265398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a widespread lipid signaling molecule that binds to five sphingosine-1-phosphate receptors (S1PRs) to regulate downstream signaling pathways. Sepsis can cause intestinal injury and intestinal injury can aggravate sepsis. Thus, intestinal injury and sepsis are mutually interdependent. S1P is more abundant in intestinal tissues as compared to other tissues, exerts anti-inflammatory effects, promotes immune cell trafficking, and protects the intestinal barrier. Despite the clinical importance of S1P in inflammation, with a very well-defined mechanism in inflammatory bowel disease, their role in sepsis-induced intestinal injury has been relatively unexplored. In addition to regulating lymphocyte exit, the S1P-S1PR pathway has been implicated in the gut microbiota, intestinal epithelial cells (IECs), and immune cells in the lamina propria. This review mainly elaborates on the physiological role of S1P in sepsis, focusing on intestinal injury. We introduce the generation and metabolism of S1P, emphasize the maintenance of intestinal barrier homeostasis in sepsis, and the protective effect of S1P in the intestine. We also review the link between sepsis-induced intestinal injury and S1P-S1PRs signaling, as well as the underlying mechanisms of action. Finally, we discuss how S1PRs affect intestinal function and become targets for future drug development to improve the translational capacity of preclinical studies to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gehui Sun
- Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Hongquan Zhu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Junming Ye
- Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaofeng Liu
- Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
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3
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Chae HS, Dale O, Mir TM, Avula B, Zhao J, Khan IA, Khan SI. A Multitarget Approach to Evaluate the Efficacy of Aquilaria sinensis Flower Extract against Metabolic Syndrome. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27030629. [PMID: 35163893 PMCID: PMC8838142 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Aquilaria sinensis (Lour.) Spreng is known for its resinous secretion (agarwood), often secreted in defense against injuries. We investigated the effects of A. sinensis flower extract (AF) on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors alpha and gamma (PPARα and PPARγ), liver X receptor (LXR), glucose uptake, and lipid accumulation (adipogenesis). Activation of PPARα, PPARγ and LXR was determined in hepatic (HepG2) cells by reporter gene assays. Glucose uptake was determined in differentiated muscle (C2C12) cells using 2-NBDG (2-deoxy-2-[(7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazol-4-yl)amino]-D-glucose). Adipogenesis was determined in adipocytes (3T3-L1 cells) by Oil red O staining. At a concentration of 50 µg/mL, AF caused 12.2-fold activation of PPARα and 5.7-fold activation of PPARγ, while the activation of LXR was only 1.7-fold. AF inhibited (28%) the adipogenic effect induced by rosiglitazone in adipocytes and increased glucose uptake (32.8%) in muscle cells at 50 μg/mL. It was concluded that AF acted as a PPARα/γ dual agonist without the undesired effect of adipogenesis and exhibited the property of enhancing glucose uptake. This is the first report to reveal the PPARα/γ dual agonistic action and glucose uptake enhancing property of AF along with its antiadipogenic effect, indicating its potential in ameliorating the symptoms of metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Sung Chae
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA; (H.-S.C.); (O.D.); (T.M.M.); (B.A.); (J.Z.); (I.A.K.)
| | - Olivia Dale
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA; (H.-S.C.); (O.D.); (T.M.M.); (B.A.); (J.Z.); (I.A.K.)
| | - Tahir Maqbool Mir
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA; (H.-S.C.); (O.D.); (T.M.M.); (B.A.); (J.Z.); (I.A.K.)
| | - Bharathi Avula
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA; (H.-S.C.); (O.D.); (T.M.M.); (B.A.); (J.Z.); (I.A.K.)
| | - Jianping Zhao
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA; (H.-S.C.); (O.D.); (T.M.M.); (B.A.); (J.Z.); (I.A.K.)
| | - Ikhlas A. Khan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA; (H.-S.C.); (O.D.); (T.M.M.); (B.A.); (J.Z.); (I.A.K.)
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA
| | - Shabana I. Khan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA; (H.-S.C.); (O.D.); (T.M.M.); (B.A.); (J.Z.); (I.A.K.)
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-662-915-1041
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4
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Kim K, Ji P, Song M, Che TM, Bravo D, Pettigrew JE, Liu Y. Dietary plant extracts modulate gene expression profiles in alveolar macrophages of pigs experimentally infected with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2020; 11:74. [PMID: 32685145 PMCID: PMC7359597 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-020-00475-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our previous study showed that 3 plant extracts enhanced the immune responses and growth efficiency of weaned pigs infected with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), which is one of the most economically important disease in swine industry. However, each plant extract differently effected on growth efficiency and immune responses. Therefore, the objective of this study was conducted to characterize the effects and investigate the potential underlying mechanisms of 3 plant extracts on gene expression of alveolar macrophages in weaned pigs experimentally infected with PRRSV. RESULTS PRRSV infection altered (P < 0.05) the expression of 1,352 genes in pigs fed the control (CON; 755 up, 597 down). Compared with the infected CON, feeding capsicum (CAP), garlic botanical (GAR), or turmeric oleoresin (TUR) altered the expression of 46 genes (24 up, 22 down), 134 genes (59 up, 75 down), or 98 genes (55 up, 43 down) in alveolar macrophages of PRRSV-infected pigs, respectively. PRRSV infection up-regulated (P < 0.05) the expression of genes related to cell apoptosis, immune system process, and response to stimulus, but down-regulated (P < 0.05) the expression of genes involved in signaling transduction and innate immune response. Compared with the infected CON, feeding TUR or GAR reduced (P < 0.05) the expression of genes associated with antigen processing and presentation, feeding CAP up-regulated (P < 0.05) the expression of genes involved in antigen processing and presentation. Supplementation of CAP, GAR, or TUR also enhanced (P < 0.05) the expression of several genes related to amino acid metabolism, steroid hormone synthesis, or RNA degradation, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that 3 plant extracts differently regulated the expression of genes in alveolar macrophages of PRRSV-infected pigs, especially altering genes involved in immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwangwook Kim
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, CA USA
| | - Peng Ji
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA USA
| | - Minho Song
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Tung M. Che
- Department of Animal Production, Nong Lam University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - David Bravo
- Pancosma SA, Geneva, Switzerland
- Current address: Land O’Lakes Inc., Arden Hills, MN USA
| | | | - Yanhong Liu
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, CA USA
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5
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Hamza AA, Fikry EM, Abdallah W, Amin A. Mechanistic insights into the augmented effect of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and thiazolidinediones in streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced diabetic rats. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9827. [PMID: 29959408 PMCID: PMC6026169 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28029-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to assess whether the protective effects of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) against diabetes could be enhanced by pioglitazone (PIO), a PPARγ agonist. Combined MSCs and PIO treatments markedly improved fasting blood glucose, body weight, lipid profile levels, insulin level, insulin resistance, β cell function. Those protective effects also attenuated both pancreatic lesions and fibrosis in diabetic rats and decreased the depletion of pancreatic mediators of glycemic and lipid metabolism including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα), PGC-1α, GLP-1 and IRS-2. Cardiac biogenesis of diabetic groups was also improved with MSCs and/or PIO treatments as reflected by the enhanced up-regulation of the expressions of cardiac IRS1, Glucose transporter 4, PGC-1, PPARα and CPT-1 genes and the down-regulated expression of lipogenic gene SREBP. The combination of MSCs and PIO also potentiated the decrease of abnormal myocardial pathological lesions in diabetic rats. Similarly, the inhibitory effects of MSCs on diabetic cardiac fibrosis and on the up regulations of TGF-β, collagen I and III gene expressions were partial but additive when combined with PIO. Therefore, combined therapy with PIO and BMCs transplantation could further potentiate the protective benefit of MSCs against diabetes and cardiac damage compared to MSCs monotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaaeldin Ahmed Hamza
- Hormone Evaluation Department, National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR), Giza, Egypt.
| | | | | | - Amr Amin
- Biology Department, College of Science, UAE University, Al-Ain, UAE.
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
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6
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Nishiyama K, Fujimoto Y, Nakajima H, Takeuchi T, Azuma YT. Crosstalk between fatty acids and inflammation in macrophages and their influence on metabolic homeostasis. Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi 2017; 149:200-203. [PMID: 28484100 DOI: 10.1254/fpj.149.200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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7
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Nishiyama K, Fujimoto Y, Takeuchi T, Azuma YT. Aggressive Crosstalk Between Fatty Acids and Inflammation in Macrophages and Their Influence on Metabolic Homeostasis. Neurochem Res 2017; 43:19-26. [PMID: 28424949 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-017-2269-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 04/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
From the immunological point of view, macrophages are required to maintain metabolic homeostasis. Recently, there has been an increased focus on the influence of macrophage phenotypes in adipose tissue on the maintenance of metabolic homeostasis in healthy conditions because dysregulated metabolic homeostasis causes metabolic syndrome. This review notes several types of inflammatory and anti-inflammatory mediators in metabolic homeostasis. M1 macrophage polarization mediates inflammation, whereas M2 macrophage polarization mediates anti-inflammation. Fatty acids and their related factors mediate both inflammatory and anti-inflammatory responses. Saturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids mediate inflammation, whereas marine-derived n-3 fatty acids, such as eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, mediate anti-inflammation. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of the crosstalk between fatty acids and inflammation in macrophages and their influence on metabolic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Nishiyama
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Division of Veterinary Science, Osaka Prefecture University Graduate School of Life and Environmental Science, 1-58 Rinku-ohraikita, Izumisano, Osaka, 598-8531, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Fujimoto
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Division of Veterinary Science, Osaka Prefecture University Graduate School of Life and Environmental Science, 1-58 Rinku-ohraikita, Izumisano, Osaka, 598-8531, Japan
| | - Tadayoshi Takeuchi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Division of Veterinary Science, Osaka Prefecture University Graduate School of Life and Environmental Science, 1-58 Rinku-ohraikita, Izumisano, Osaka, 598-8531, Japan
| | - Yasu-Taka Azuma
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Division of Veterinary Science, Osaka Prefecture University Graduate School of Life and Environmental Science, 1-58 Rinku-ohraikita, Izumisano, Osaka, 598-8531, Japan.
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8
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Lede V, Meusel A, Garten A, Popkova Y, Penke M, Franke C, Ricken A, Schulz A, Kiess W, Huster D, Schöneberg T, Schiller J. Altered hepatic lipid metabolism in mice lacking both the melanocortin type 4 receptor and low density lipoprotein receptor. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172000. [PMID: 28207798 PMCID: PMC5313158 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is often associated with dyslipidemia and hepatosteatosis. A number of animal models of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are established but they significantly differ in the molecular and biochemical changes depending on the genetic modification and diet used. Mice deficient for melanocortin type 4 receptor (Mc4rmut) develop hyperphagia, obesity, and subsequently NAFLD already under regular chow and resemble more closely the energy supply-driven obesity found in humans. This animal model was used to assess the molecular and biochemical consequences of hyperphagia-induced obesity on hepatic lipid metabolism. We analyzed transcriptome changes in Mc4rmut mice by RNA sequencing and used high resolution 1H magic angle spinning NMR spectroscopy and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry to assess changes in the lipid composition. On the transcriptomic level we found significant changes in components of the triacylglycerol metabolism, unsaturated fatty acids biosynthesis, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor signaling pathways, and lipid transport and storage compared to the wild-type. These findings were supported by increases in triacylglycerol, monounsaturated fatty acid, and arachidonic acid levels. The transcriptome signatures significantly differ from those of other NAFLD mouse models supporting the concept of hepatic subphenotypes depending on the genetic background and diet. Comparative analyses of our data with previous studies allowed for the identification of common changes and genotype-specific components and pathways involved in obesity-associated NAFLD.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Diet, High-Fat/adverse effects
- Disease Models, Animal
- Female
- Gene Expression Profiling
- High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing
- Hypercholesterolemia/etiology
- Hypercholesterolemia/metabolism
- Hypercholesterolemia/pathology
- Lipid Metabolism
- Lipogenesis/genetics
- Liver/metabolism
- Liver/pathology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Mutation/genetics
- Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/etiology
- Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/metabolism
- Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/pathology
- Obesity/complications
- Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 4/deficiency
- Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 4/genetics
- Receptors, LDL/deficiency
- Receptors, LDL/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Lede
- Molecular Biochemistry, Rudolf-Schönheimer-Institute of Biochemistry, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andrej Meusel
- Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Antje Garten
- Hospital for Children & Adolescents, Department of Women and Child Health, Center for Pediatric Research Leipzig, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Yulia Popkova
- Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Melanie Penke
- Hospital for Children & Adolescents, Department of Women and Child Health, Center for Pediatric Research Leipzig, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Albert Ricken
- Institute of Anatomy, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Angela Schulz
- Molecular Biochemistry, Rudolf-Schönheimer-Institute of Biochemistry, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Wieland Kiess
- Hospital for Children & Adolescents, Department of Women and Child Health, Center for Pediatric Research Leipzig, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Daniel Huster
- Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Torsten Schöneberg
- Molecular Biochemistry, Rudolf-Schönheimer-Institute of Biochemistry, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- * E-mail: (JS); (TS)
| | - Jürgen Schiller
- Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- * E-mail: (JS); (TS)
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Wirngo FE, Lambert MN, Jeppesen PB. The Physiological Effects of Dandelion (Taraxacum Officinale) in Type 2 Diabetes. Rev Diabet Stud 2016; 13:113-131. [PMID: 28012278 DOI: 10.1900/rds.2016.13.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The tremendous rise in the economic burden of type 2 diabetes (T2D) has prompted a search for alternative and less expensive medicines. Dandelion offers a compelling profile of bioactive components with potential anti-diabetic properties. The Taraxacum genus from the Asteraceae family is found in the temperate zone of the Northern hemisphere. It is available in several areas around the world. In many countries, it is used as food and in some countries as therapeutics for the control and treatment of T2D. The anti-diabetic properties of dandelion are attributed to bioactive chemical components; these include chicoric acid, taraxasterol (TS), chlorogenic acid, and sesquiterpene lactones. Studies have outlined the useful pharmacological profile of dandelion for the treatment of an array of diseases, although little attention has been paid to the effects of its bioactive components on T2D to date. This review recapitulates previous work on dandelion and its potential for the treatment and prevention of T2D, highlighting its anti-diabetic properties, the structures of its chemical components, and their potential mechanisms of action in T2D. Although initial research appears promising, data on the cellular impact of dandelion are limited, necessitating further work on clonal β-cell lines (INS-1E), α-cell lines, and human skeletal cell lines for better identification of the active components that could be of use in the control and treatment of T2D. In fact, extensive in-vitro, in-vivo, and clinical research is required to investigate further the pharmacological, physiological, and biochemical mechanisms underlying the effects of dandelion-derived compounds on T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fonyuy E Wirngo
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Tage-Hansens Gade 2, DK-8000 C, Denmark
| | - Max N Lambert
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Tage-Hansens Gade 2, DK-8000 C, Denmark
| | - Per B Jeppesen
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Tage-Hansens Gade 2, DK-8000 C, Denmark
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10
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Lewis SN, Garcia Z, Hontecillas R, Bassaganya-Riera J, Bevan DR. Pharmacophore modeling improves virtual screening for novel peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma ligands. J Comput Aided Mol Des 2015; 29:421-39. [PMID: 25616366 PMCID: PMC4395532 DOI: 10.1007/s10822-015-9831-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ) is a nuclear hormone receptor involved in regulating various metabolic and immune processes. The PPAR family of receptors possesses a large binding cavity that imparts promiscuity of ligand binding not common to other nuclear receptors. This feature increases the challenge of using computational methods to identify PPAR ligands that will dock favorably into a structural model. Utilizing both ligand- and structure-based pharmacophore methods, we sought to improve agonist prediction by grouping ligands according to pharmacophore features, and pairing models derived from these features with receptor structures for docking. For 22 of the 33 receptor structures evaluated we observed an increase in true positive rate (TPR) when screening was restricted to compounds sharing molecular features found in rosiglitazone. A combination of structure models used for docking resulted in a higher TPR (40 %) when compared to docking with a single structure model (<20 %). Prediction was also improved when specific protein-ligand interactions between the docked ligands and structure models were given greater weight than the calculated free energy of binding. A large-scale screen of compounds using a marketed drug database verified the predictive ability of the selected structure models. This study highlights the steps necessary to improve screening for PPARγ ligands using multiple structure models, ligand-based pharmacophore data, evaluation of protein-ligand interactions, and comparison of docking datasets. The unique combination of methods presented here holds potential for more efficient screening of compounds with unknown affinity for PPARγ that could serve as candidates for therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie N Lewis
- Genetics, Bioinformatics, and Computational Biology Program, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA,
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11
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Kar K, Krithika U, Mithuna, Basu P, Santhosh Kumar S, Reji A, Prashantha Kumar B. Design, synthesis and glucose uptake activity of some novel glitazones. Bioorg Chem 2014; 56:27-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2014.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Revised: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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12
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Potential smoothened inhibitor from traditional Chinese medicine against the disease of diabetes, obesity, and cancer. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:873010. [PMID: 25136636 PMCID: PMC4127221 DOI: 10.1155/2014/873010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, obesity becomes a serious global problem, which can induce a series of diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, cancer, cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, and stoke. For the mechanisms of diseases, the hedgehog signaling pathway plays an important role in body patterning during embryogenesis. For this reason, smoothened homologue (Smo) protein had been indicated as the drug target. In addition, the small-molecule Smo inhibitor had also been used in oncology clinical trials. To improve drug development of TCM compounds, we aim to investigate the potent lead compounds as Smo inhibitor from the TCM compounds in TCM Database@Taiwan. The top three TCM compounds, precatorine, labiatic acid, and 2,2′-[benzene-1,4-diylbis(methanediyloxybenzene-4,1-diyl)]bis(oxoacetic acid), have displayed higher potent binding affinities than the positive control, LY2940680, in the docking simulation. After MD simulations, which can optimize the result of docking simulation and validate the stability of H-bonds between each ligand and Smo protein under dynamic conditions, top three TCM compounds maintain most of interactions with Smo protein, which keep the ligand binding stable in the binding domain. Hence, we propose precatorine, labiatic acid, and 2,2′-[benzene-1,4-diylbis(methanediyloxybenzene-4,1-diyl)]bis(oxoacetic acid) as potential lead compounds for further study in drug development process with the Smo protein.
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Hollander KS, Tempel Brami C, Konikoff FM, Fainaru M, Leikin-Frenkel A. Dietary enrichment with alpha-linolenic acid during pregnancy attenuates insulin resistance in adult offspring in mice. Arch Physiol Biochem 2014; 120:99-111. [PMID: 25030769 DOI: 10.3109/13813455.2014.940352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our objective was to test the contribution of dietary enrichment in essential or saturated fatty acids, in normocaloric diets, on the lipid accumulation and insulin resistance in the adult offspring in a C57Bl6/J mice model. METHODS Pregnant mothers were fed normocaloric diets containing 6% fat enriched in essential fatty acids (EFA): alpha-linolenic (ALA-18:3, n-3), linoleic (LA-18:2, n-6), or saturated fatty acids (SFA). After a washing-out period with regular diet, the offspring received a high-fat diet before euthanization. RESULTS Adult mice fed maternal ALA showed lower body weight gain and lower liver fat accumulation, lower HOMA index and lower stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD1) activity than those fed maternal SFA. CONCLUSION The results observed using this novel model suggest that ALA in maternal diet may have the potential to inhibit insulin resistance in adult offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Hollander
- Minerva Center for Cholesterol, Gallstones Research and Lipid Metabolism in the Liver
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Lim DC, Pack AI. Obstructive sleep apnea and cognitive impairment: addressing the blood-brain barrier. Sleep Med Rev 2014; 18:35-48. [PMID: 23541562 PMCID: PMC3758447 DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2012.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2012] [Revised: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 12/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Increasing data support a connection between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and cognitive impairment but a causal link has yet to be established. Although neuronal loss has been linked to cognitive impairment, emerging theories propose that changes in synaptic plasticity can cause cognitive impairment. Studies demonstrate that disruption to the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which is uniquely structured to tightly maintain homeostasis inside the brain, leads to changes in the brain's microenvironment and affects synaptic plasticity. Cyclical intermittent hypoxia is a stressor that could disrupt the BBB via molecular responses already known to occur in either OSA patients or animal models of intermittent hypoxia. However, we do not yet know if or how intermittent hypoxia can cause cognitive impairment by mechanisms operating at the BBB. Therefore, we propose that initially, adaptive homeostatic responses at the BBB occur in response to increased oxygen and nutrient demand, specifically through regulation of influx and efflux BBB transporters that alter microvessel permeability. We further hypothesize that although these responses are initially adaptive, these changes in BBB transporters can have long-term consequences that disrupt the brain's microenvironment and alter synaptic plasticity leading to cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane C Lim
- Department of Medicine, Division of Sleep Medicine, and Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology, University of Pennsylvania, 125 South 31st Street, Suite 2100, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Allan I Pack
- Department of Medicine, Division of Sleep Medicine, and Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology, University of Pennsylvania, 125 South 31st Street, Suite 2100, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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D’Archivio M, Scazzocchio B, Giammarioli S, Fiani ML, Varì R, Santangelo C, Veneziani A, Iacovelli A, Giovannini C, Gessani S, Masella R. ω3-PUFAs exert anti-inflammatory activity in visceral adipocytes from colorectal cancer patients. PLoS One 2013; 8:e77432. [PMID: 24116229 PMCID: PMC3792028 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to correlate specific fatty acid profiles of visceral white adipose tissue (WAT) with inflammatory signatures potentially associated with colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods Human adipocytes were isolated from biopsies of visceral WAT from 24 subjects subdivided in four groups: normal-weight (BMI 22.0-24.9 Kg/m2) and over-weight/obese (BMI 26.0-40.0 Kg/m2), affected or not by CRC. To define whether obesity and/or CRC affect the inflammatory status of WAT, the activation of the pro-inflammatory STAT3 and the anti-inflammatory PPARγ transcription factors as well as the expression of adiponectin were analyzed by immunoblotting in adipocytes isolated from each group of subjects. Furthermore, to evaluate whether differences in inflammatory WAT environment correlate with specific fatty acid profiles, gas-chromatographic analysis was carried out on WAT collected from all subject categories. Finally, the effect of the ω3 docosahexaenoic acid treatment on the balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory factors in adipocytes was also evaluated. Results We provide the first evidence for the existence of a pro-inflammatory environment in WAT of CRC patients, as assessed by the up-regulation of STAT3, and the concomitant decrease of PPARγ and adiponectin with respect to healthy subjects. WAT inflammatory status was independent of obesity degree but correlated with a decreased ω3-/ω6-polyunsaturated fatty acid ratio. These observations suggested that qualitative changes, other than quantitative ones, in WAT fatty acid may influence tissue dysfunctions potentially linked to inflammatory conditions. This hypothesis was further supported by the finding that adipocyte treatment with docosahexaenoic acid restored the equilibrium between STAT3 and PPARγ. Conclusion Our results suggest that adipocyte dysfunctions occur in CRC patients creating a pro-inflammatory environment that might influence cancer development. Furthermore, the protective potential of docosahexaenoic acid in re-establishing the equilibrium between pro- and anti-inflammatory factors might represent a useful tool for preventive and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo D’Archivio
- Department Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Rome, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | | | | | - Maria L. Fiani
- Department Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Rosaria Varì
- Department Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Sandra Gessani
- Department Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Masella
- Department Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Rome, Italy
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Vigerust NF, Cacabelos D, Burri L, Berge K, Wergedahl H, Christensen B, Portero-Otin M, Viste A, Pamplona R, Berge RK, Bjørndal B. Fish oil and 3-thia fatty acid have additive effects on lipid metabolism but antagonistic effects on oxidative damage when fed to rats for 50 weeks. J Nutr Biochem 2012; 23:1384-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2011.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2011] [Revised: 08/05/2011] [Accepted: 08/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Chen KC, Chang SS, Huang HJ, Lin TL, Wu YJ, Chen CYC. Three-in-one agonists for PPAR-α, PPAR-γ, and PPAR-δ from traditional Chinese medicine. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2012; 30:662-83. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2012.689699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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18
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High multivitamin intakes during pregnancy and postweaning obesogenic diets interact to affect the relationship between expression of PPAR genes and glucose regulation in the offspring. J Nutr Biochem 2012; 24:877-81. [PMID: 22917842 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2012.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2011] [Revised: 05/10/2012] [Accepted: 06/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
High multivitamin intake (HV) during pregnancy increases body fat and weight and alters glucose and fatty acid metabolism in Wistar rat offspring. This study investigated the expression of peroxisome-proliferator activated receptors (PPARs) genes involved in regulation of glucose and fatty acid metabolism in their tissues. Dams received the AIN-93G diet with either the regular (RV) or 10-fold multivitamins (HV) during pregnancy. Male offspring were weaned to either the RV diet (RV-RV and HV-RV) or an obesogenic diet (RV-Ob and HV-Ob). Gene expression of PPARs in tissues was analyzed by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Gestational diet (GD) did not affect PPARs gene expression in offspring at either birth or weaning. In liver, at 14 weeks postweaning, PPAR-γ was 30% lower in the HV-RV and 30% higher in HV-Ob than in the RV-RV group [GD P=.76, postweaning diet (PD) P=.19, interaction P=.02, by two-way analysis of variance]. In muscle, PPAR-α expression was affected by GD and PD (GD P=.05, PD P<.01, interaction P=.07). In adipose tissue, PPAR-α expression was higher in all groups compared to RV-RV (GD P=.25, PD P=.85, interaction P=.03). PPAR-γ mRNA levels correlated with abdominal fat (r=0.45, P<.05) and insulin resistance index (r=0.39, P<.05). In liver, PPAR-γ expression correlated with insulin resistance index in offspring from RV (r=-0.62, P<.05), but not in those from HV dams (r=0.13, P>.05). In conclusion, the HV diet during pregnancy interacts with postweaning diets in determining the expression of PPARs genes in a tissue- and age-dependent manner and uncouples the relationship between these genes and glucose regulation and fat mass in the rat offspring.
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Vamecq J, Colet JM, Vanden Eynde JJ, Briand G, Porchet N, Rocchi S. PPARs: Interference with Warburg' Effect and Clinical Anticancer Trials. PPAR Res 2012; 2012:304760. [PMID: 22654896 PMCID: PMC3357561 DOI: 10.1155/2012/304760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2011] [Revised: 02/15/2012] [Accepted: 02/19/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The metabolic/cell signaling basis of Warburg's effect ("aerobic glycolysis") and the general metabolic phenotype adopted by cancer cells are first reviewed. Several bypasses are adopted to provide a panoramic integrated view of tumoral metabolism, by attributing a central signaling role to hypoxia-induced factor (HIF-1) in the expression of aerobic glycolysis. The cancer metabolic phenotype also results from alterations of other routes involving ras, myc, p53, and Akt signaling and the propensity of cancer cells to develop signaling aberrances (notably aberrant surface receptor expression) which, when present, offer unique opportunities for therapeutic interventions. The rationale for various emerging strategies for cancer treatment is presented along with mechanisms by which PPAR ligands might interfere directly with tumoral metabolism and promote anticancer activity. Clinical trials using PPAR ligands are reviewed and followed by concluding remarks and perspectives for future studies. A therapeutic need to associate PPAR ligands with other anticancer agents is perhaps an important lesson to be learned from the results of the clinical trials conducted to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Vamecq
- Inserm, HMNO, CBP, CHRU Lille, 59037 Lille, France
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, HMNO, CBP, CHRU Lille, 59037 Lille, France
| | - Jean-Marie Colet
- Department of Human Biology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, UMons, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | | | - Gilbert Briand
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, HMNO, CBP, CHRU Lille, 59037 Lille, France
| | - Nicole Porchet
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, HMNO, CBP, CHRU Lille, 59037 Lille, France
| | - Stéphane Rocchi
- Inserm U1065, IFR 50, Mediterranean Center of Molecular Medicine, 06204 Nice, France
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Fish oil combined with SCFA synergistically prevent tissue accumulation of NEFA during weight loss in obese mice. Br J Nutr 2011; 106:1449-56. [PMID: 21736793 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114511001917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Based on their proposed metabolic effects, we examined whether fish oil (FO) and SCFA, alone or in combination, accelerate weight loss and the resultant metabolic improvements. Obesity was induced in male C57BL/6J mice by high-energy feeding for 10 weeks. The mice were transferred to a low-fat diet (2·5w%) for 4 weeks, the source of fat being either FO, a lard-safflower oil mix (control), or both types combined with SCFA. Weight, fasting insulin, tissue and serum lipid concentrations, as well as mRNA amount of genes related to adipose inflammation and hepatic fat oxidation were determined. All groups lost weight and showed reduced fasting insulin concentrations and reduced liver TAG. However, weight loss on the control-fat diet caused significant increase in hepatic and cardiac NEFA. Substituting 20 % of the fat with SCFA increased weight loss by 48 % and reduced fasting insulin 1·5-fold more than the no-SCFA diets. It furthermore significantly increased the amount of mRNA for PPAR-α, and decreased the mRNA amount for NF-κB in the liver and white adipose tissue. The FO diets enhanced improvement of tissue lipid levels. Thus, FO improved liver TAG and NEFA levels compared with weight loss on the control diet. Combining FO and SCFA further reduced tissue NEFA accumulation. In conclusion, we found that dietary SCFA had a significant impact on gene expression in the liver and adipose tissue, and that the effect of FO on tissue NEFA content was modified by SCFA. Thus, interactions between fatty acids should be considered when studying the effects of specific fatty acids.
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Mazzei JC, Zhou H, Brayfield BP, Hontecillas R, Bassaganya-Riera J, Schmelz EM. Suppression of intestinal inflammation and inflammation-driven colon cancer in mice by dietary sphingomyelin: importance of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ expression. J Nutr Biochem 2011; 22:1160-71. [PMID: 21295961 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2010.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2010] [Revised: 09/17/2010] [Accepted: 09/27/2010] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract increases the risk of developing colon cancer especially in younger adults. Dietary compounds are not only associated with the etiology of inflammation and colon cancer but also in their prevention. Sphingolipid metabolites have been shown to play a role in the initiation and perpetuation of inflammatory responses. In the present study, we investigated the suppression of dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis and azoxymethane-induced colon cancer by dietary sphingomyelin (SM) in mice that lack functional peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ) in intestinal epithelial and immune cells. Dietary SM decreased disease activity and colonic inflammatory lesions in mice of both genotypes but more efficiently in mice expressing PPAR-γ. The increased survival and suppression of tumor formation in the SM-fed mice appeared to be independent of PPAR-γ expression in immune and epithelial cells. Using a real-time polymerase chain reaction array, we detected an up-regulation in genes involved in Th1 (interferon γ) and Th17 (interleukin [IL]-17 and IL-23) responses despite the reduced inflammation scores. However, the genes involved in Th2 (IL-4, IL-13 and IL-13ra2) and Treg (IL-10rb) anti-inflammatory responses were up-regulated in a PPAR-γ-dependent manner. In line with the PPAR-γ dependency of our in vivo findings, treatment of RAW macrophages with sphingosine increased the PPAR-γ reporter activity. In conclusion, dietary SM modulated inflammatory responses at the early stages of the disease by activating PPAR-γ, but its anticarcinogenic effects followed a PPAR-γ-independent pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph C Mazzei
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods and Exercise, Virginia Bioinformatics Institute, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
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Bassaganya-Riera J, Song R, Roberts PC, Hontecillas R. PPAR-gamma activation as an anti-inflammatory therapy for respiratory virus infections. Viral Immunol 2011; 23:343-52. [PMID: 20712478 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2010.0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Newly emerged influenza viruses have attracted extensive attention due to their high infectivity, proinflammatory actions, and potential to induce worldwide pandemics. Frequent mutations and gene reassortments between viruses complicate the development of protective vaccines and antiviral therapeutics. In contrast, targeting the host response for the development of novel cost-effective, broad-based prophylactic or therapeutic agents holds greater promise. Since inflammation often parallels the development of productive immune responses, virus-induced pulmonary inflammation and injury represents an additional challenge to the development of broad-based immunotherapeutics. Excessive inflammatory responses to respiratory viruses, also known as "cytokine storm," are largely due to immune dysregulation that manifests as proinflammatory cytokine secretion. In addition to modulating lipid and glucose metabolism, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) play important roles in antagonizing core inflammatory pathways such as NF-kappaB, AP1, and STAT. Their role in regulating inflammatory responses caused by pulmonary pathogens is receiving increasing attention, setting the stage for the discovery of novel applications for anti-diabetic and lipid-lowering drugs. This review focuses on the potential use of PPAR-gamma agonists to downregulate the inflammatory responses to respiratory virus-related pulmonary inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josep Bassaganya-Riera
- Nutritional Immunology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Virginia Bioinformatics Institute, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
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Bassaganya-Riera J, Guri AJ, Hontecillas R. Treatment of Obesity-Related Complications with Novel Classes of Naturally Occurring PPAR Agonists. J Obes 2011; 2011:897894. [PMID: 21253508 PMCID: PMC3021882 DOI: 10.1155/2011/897894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2010] [Revised: 07/25/2010] [Accepted: 12/02/2010] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity and its associated comorbidities has grown to epidemic proportions in the US and worldwide. Thus, developing safe and effective therapeutic approaches against these widespread and debilitating diseases is important and timely. Activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) α, γ, and δ through several classes of pharmaceuticals can prevent or treat a variety of metabolic and inflammatory diseases, including type II diabetes (T2D). Thus, PPARs represent important molecular targets for developing novel and better treatments for a wide range of debilitating and widespread obesity-related diseases and disorders. However, available PPAR γ agonistic drugs such as Avandia have significant adverse side effects, including weight gain, fluid retention, hepatotoxicity, and congestive heart failure. An alternative to synthetic agonists of PPAR γ is the discovery and development of naturally occurring and safer nutraceuticals that may be dual or pan PPAR agonists. The purpose of this paper is to summarize the health effects of three plant-derived PPAR agonists: abscisic acid (ABA), punicic acid (PUA), and catalpic acid (CAA) in the prevention and treatment of chronic inflammatory and metabolic diseases and disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josep Bassaganya-Riera
- Nutritional Immunology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Virginia Bioinformatics Institute, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
- *Josep Bassaganya-Riera:
| | - Amir J. Guri
- Nutritional Immunology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Virginia Bioinformatics Institute, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Raquel Hontecillas
- Nutritional Immunology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Virginia Bioinformatics Institute, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
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Bjørndal B, Burri L, Staalesen V, Skorve J, Berge RK. Different adipose depots: their role in the development of metabolic syndrome and mitochondrial response to hypolipidemic agents. J Obes 2011; 2011:490650. [PMID: 21403826 PMCID: PMC3042633 DOI: 10.1155/2011/490650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2010] [Accepted: 12/27/2010] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue metabolism is closely linked to insulin resistance, and differential fat distributions are associated with disorders like hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Adipose tissues vary in their impact on metabolic risk due to diverse gene expression profiles, leading to differences in lipolysis and in the production and release of adipokines and cytokines, thereby affecting the function of other tissues. In this paper, the roles of the various adipose tissues in obesity are summarized, with particular focus on mitochondrial function. In addition, we discuss how a functionally mitochondrial-targeted compound, the modified fatty acid tetradecylthioacetic acid (TTA), can influence mitochondrial function and decrease the size of specific fat depots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bodil Bjørndal
- Institute of Medicine, University of Bergen, N 5021 Bergen, Norway
- *Bodil Bjørndal:
| | - Lena Burri
- Institute of Medicine, University of Bergen, N 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Vidar Staalesen
- Institute of Medicine, University of Bergen, N 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Jon Skorve
- Institute of Medicine, University of Bergen, N 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Rolf K. Berge
- Institute of Medicine, University of Bergen, N 5021 Bergen, Norway
- Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, N 5021 Bergen, Norway
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Rodrigues WF, Miguel CB, Chica JEL, Napimoga MH. 15d-PGJ(2) modulates acute immune responses to Trypanosoma cruzi infection. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2010; 105:137-43. [PMID: 20428671 DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762010000200005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2009] [Accepted: 03/16/2010] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The acute phase of Trypanosoma cruzi infection is associated with a strong inflammatory reaction in the heart characterised by a massive infiltration of immune cells that is dependent on the T. cruzi strain and the host response. 15d-PGJ(2) belongs to a new class of anti-inflammatory compounds with possible clinical applications. We evaluated the effects of 15d-PGJ(2) administered during the acute phase of T. cruzi infection in mice. Mice were infected with the Colombian strain of T. cruzi and subsequently treated with 15d-PGJ2 repeatedly for seven days. The inflammatory infiltrate was examined by histologic analysis. Slides were immunohistochemically stained to count the number and the relative size of parasite nests. Infection-induced changes in serum cytokine levels were measured by ELISA. The results demonstrated that treatment with 15d-PGJ(2) reduced the inflammatory infiltrate in the skeletal muscle at the site of infection and decreased the number of lymphocytes and neutrophils in the blood. In addition, we found that 15d-PGJ(2) led to a decrease in the relative volume density of amastigote nests in cardiac muscle. T. cruzi-infected animals treated with 15d-PGJ(2) displayed a statistically significant increase in IL-10 levels with no change in IFN-gamma levels. Taken together, we demonstrate that treatment with 15d-PGJ(2) in the acute phase of Chagas disease led to a controlled immune response with decreased numbers of amastigote nests, as measured by the volume density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wellington F Rodrigues
- Laboratório de Biopatologia e Biologia Molecular, Universidade de Uberaba, Uberaba, MG, Brasil
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Lewis SN, Bassaganya-Riera J, Bevan DR. Virtual Screening as a Technique for PPAR Modulator Discovery. PPAR Res 2009; 2010:861238. [PMID: 19746174 PMCID: PMC2738858 DOI: 10.1155/2010/861238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2009] [Accepted: 06/24/2009] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Virtual screening (VS) is a discovery technique to identify novel compounds with therapeutic and preventive efficacy against disease. Our current focus is on the in silico screening and discovery of novel peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) agonists. It is well recognized that PPARgamma agonists have therapeutic applications as insulin sensitizers in type 2 diabetes or as anti-inflammatories. VS is a cost- and time-effective means for identifying small molecules that have therapeutic potential. Our long-term goal is to devise computational approaches for testing the PPARgamma-binding activity of extensive naturally occurring compound libraries prior to testing agonist activity using ligand-binding and reporter assays. This review summarizes the high potential for obtaining further fundamental understanding of PPARgamma biology and development of novel therapies for treating chronic inflammatory diseases through evolution and implementation of computational screening processes for immunotherapeutics in conjunction with experimental methods for calibration and validation of results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie N. Lewis
- Genetics, Bioinformatics, and Computational Biology Program, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 201 Engel Hall 0308, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Josep Bassaganya-Riera
- Nutritional Immunology and Molecular Nutrition, Virginia Bioinformatics Institute, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Washington Street 0477, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - David R. Bevan
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 201 Engel Hall 0308, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
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Duque-Guimarães DE, de Castro J, Martinez-Botas J, Sardinha FL, Ramos MP, Herrera E, do Carmo MDGT. Early and prolonged intake of partially hydrogenated fat alters the expression of genes in rat adipose tissue. Nutrition 2009; 25:782-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2008.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2008] [Revised: 10/15/2008] [Accepted: 12/09/2008] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Bassaganya-Riera J, Ferrer G, Casagran O, Sanchez S, de Horna A, Duran E, Orpi M, Guri AJ, Hontecillas R. F4/80hiCCR2hi macrophage infiltration into the intra-abdominal fat worsens the severity of experimental IBD in obese mice with DSS colitis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eclnm.2008.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Hontecillas R, O'Shea M, Einerhand A, Diguardo M, Bassaganya-Riera J. Activation of PPAR γ and α by Punicic Acid Ameliorates Glucose Tolerance and Suppresses Obesity-Related Inflammation. J Am Coll Nutr 2009; 28:184-95. [DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2009.10719770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Pharmacological and Gene Modification-Based Models for Studying the Impact of Perinatal Metabolic Disturbances in Adult Life. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2009; 646:141-8. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4020-9173-5_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Corella D. Diet-gene interactions between dietary fat intake and common polymorphisms in determining lipid metabolism. GRASAS Y ACEITES 2008. [DOI: 10.3989/gya.086408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Casey WM, Brodie T, Yoon L, Ni H, Jordan HL, Cariello NF. Correlation analysis of gene expression and clinical chemistry to identify biomarkers of skeletal myopathy in mice treated with PPAR agonist GW610742X. Biomarkers 2008; 13:364-76. [DOI: 10.1080/13547500801903545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Abstract
Maintenance of body temperature is achieved partly by modulating lipolysis by a network of complex regulatory mechanisms. Lipolysis is an integral part of the glycerolipid/free fatty acid (GL/FFA) cycle, which is the focus of this review, and we discuss the significance of this pathway in the regulation of many physiological processes besides thermogenesis. GL/FFA cycle is referred to as a "futile" cycle because it involves continuous formation and hydrolysis of GL with the release of heat, at the expense of ATP. However, we present evidence underscoring the "vital" cellular signaling roles of the GL/FFA cycle for many biological processes. Probably because of its importance in many cellular functions, GL/FFA cycling is under stringent control and is organized as several composite short substrate/product cycles where forward and backward reactions are catalyzed by separate enzymes. We believe that the renaissance of the GL/FFA cycle is timely, considering the emerging view that many of the neutral lipids are in fact key signaling molecules whose production is closely linked to GL/FFA cycling processes. The evidence supporting the view that alterations in GL/FFA cycling are involved in the pathogenesis of "fatal" conditions such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cancer is discussed. We also review the different enzymatic and transport steps that encompass the GL/FFA cycle leading to the generation of several metabolic signals possibly implicated in the regulation of biological processes ranging from energy homeostasis, insulin secretion and appetite control to aging and longevity. Finally, we present a perspective of the possible therapeutic implications of targeting this cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Prentki
- Departments of Nutrition and Biochemistry, University of Montreal, Montreal Diabetes Research Center, CR-CHUM, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H1W 4A4.
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Bibliography. Current world literature. Lipid metabolism. Curr Opin Lipidol 2008; 19:314-21. [PMID: 18460925 DOI: 10.1097/mol.0b013e328303e27e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Guri AJ, Hontecillas R, Ferrer G, Casagran O, Wankhade U, Noble AM, Eizirik DL, Ortis F, Cnop M, Liu D, Si H, Bassaganya-Riera J. Loss of PPAR gamma in immune cells impairs the ability of abscisic acid to improve insulin sensitivity by suppressing monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 expression and macrophage infiltration into white adipose tissue. J Nutr Biochem 2007; 19:216-28. [PMID: 17618105 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2007.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2006] [Revised: 02/06/2007] [Accepted: 02/14/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) is a natural phytohormone and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonist that significantly improves insulin sensitivity in db/db mice. Although it has become clear that obesity is associated with macrophage infiltration into white adipose tissue (WAT), the phenotype of adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) and the mechanisms by which insulin-sensitizing compounds modulate their infiltration remain unknown. We used a loss-of-function approach to investigate whether ABA ameliorates insulin resistance through a mechanism dependent on immune cell PPARgamma. We characterized two phenotypically distinct ATM subsets in db/db mice based on their surface expression of F4/80. F4/80(hi) ATMs were more abundant and expressed greater concentrations of chemokine receptor (CCR) 2 and CCR5 when compared to F4/80(lo) ATMs. ABA significantly decreased CCR2(+) F4/80(hi) infiltration into WAT and suppressed monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) expression in WAT and plasma. Furthermore, the deficiency of PPARgamma in immune cells, including macrophages, impaired the ability of ABA to suppress the infiltration of F4/80(hi) ATMs into WAT, to repress WAT MCP-1 expression and to improve glucose tolerance. We provide molecular evidence in vivo demonstrating that ABA improves insulin sensitivity and obesity-related inflammation by inhibiting MCP-1 expression and F4/80(hi) ATM infiltration through a PPARgamma-dependent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir J Guri
- Laboratory of Nutritional Immunology and Molecular Nutrition, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
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