1
|
Papadopoulos GE, Balomenou F, Sakellariou XM, Tassopoulos C, Nikas DN, Giapros V, Kolettis TM. Autonomic Function in Obese Children and Adolescents: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Clin Med 2024; 13:1854. [PMID: 38610619 PMCID: PMC11012290 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13071854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Obesity is invariably accompanied by autonomic dysfunction, although data in pediatric populations are conflicting. Methods: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of 12 studies (totaling 1102 participants) comparing obese and normal-weight subjects (5-18 years of age), defined as body mass index >95th or <85th percentile, respectively. Using a random-effects model, we report the standardized mean differences (SMD) of sympathetic and vagal indices of heart rate variability. Results: Autonomic dysfunction was present in the obesity group, based on the average SMD in the standard deviation of sinus intervals (at -0.5340), and on the ratio of low (LF)- to high (HF)-frequency spectra (at 0.5735). There was no difference in sympathetic activity, but the heterogeneity among the relevant studies weakens this result. SMD in HF (at 0.5876), in the root mean square of successive differences between intervals (at -0.6333), and in the number of times successive intervals exceeded 50 ms divided by the total number of intervals (at -0.5867) indicated lower vagal activity in the obesity group. Conclusions: Autonomic dysfunction is present in obese children and adolescents, attributed to lower vagal activity. Further studies are needed in various pediatric cohorts, placing emphasis on sympathetic activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Georgios E. Papadopoulos
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (G.E.P.); (X.M.S.); (C.T.); (D.N.N.)
| | - Foteini Balomenou
- Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (F.B.); (V.G.)
| | - Xenofon M. Sakellariou
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (G.E.P.); (X.M.S.); (C.T.); (D.N.N.)
| | - Christos Tassopoulos
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (G.E.P.); (X.M.S.); (C.T.); (D.N.N.)
| | - Dimitrios N. Nikas
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (G.E.P.); (X.M.S.); (C.T.); (D.N.N.)
| | - Vasileios Giapros
- Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (F.B.); (V.G.)
| | - Theofilos M. Kolettis
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (G.E.P.); (X.M.S.); (C.T.); (D.N.N.)
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Cvijetic S, Macan J, Boschiero D, Ilich JZ. Body fat and muscle in relation to heart rate variability in young-to-middle age men: a cross sectional study. Ann Hum Biol 2023; 50:108-116. [PMID: 36786451 DOI: 10.1080/03014460.2023.2180089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While obesity is recognisably associated with changes in heart rate variability (HRV), the association between skeletal muscle mass and HRV is less clear. AIMS In this cross sectional study, we analysed the association of body fat (four parameters) and muscle mass (five parameters) with indicators of HRV activity. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Assessment of body composition and HRV was performed in n = 180 young-to-middle age healthy men exposed to high occupational physical activity, using the multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance device and the PPG-StressFlow® HRV photoplethysmography device, respectively. RESULTS Mean values of parameters of fat tissue were above normal/reference values. Muscle tissue indicators were higher or within the reference ranges. Fat tissue parameters were significantly higher in participants with lower parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) indicators. Weight-adjusted skeletal muscle index (wSMI) was significantly lower in men with reduced PNS parameters. Fat tissue parameters were negatively correlated with PNS parameters, while wSMI was positively correlated with PNS parameters. CONCLUSIONS Participants with higher fat mass and lower muscle mass had poorer parasympathetic activity. Since mean values of HRV parameters indicated mild parasympathetic dominance, we conclude that physical activity and consequently good muscle mass potentially compensated for the negative interaction between fat tissue and HRV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Selma Cvijetic
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jelena Macan
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Cvijetic S, Keser I, Jurasović J, Orct T, Babić Ž, Boschiero D, Ilich JZ. Diurnal Salivary Cortisol in Relation to Body Composition and Heart Rate Variability in Young Adults. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:831831. [PMID: 35355570 PMCID: PMC8959541 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.831831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chronic stress has been related to impaired body composition (bone, muscle, adipose tissue), and disturbed autonomic nervous system (ANS), the latter regulated by hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Our objective was to investigate the relationship between salivary cortisol, body composition and heart rate variability (HRV-highly influenced by ANS), in a young student population. METHODS Body composition and HRV parameters were measured using two portable devices based on multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance and photoplethysmography. Body composition included measurement of bone, lean/muscle and adipose tissues. HRV included time domain and frequency domain indices. Salivary cortisol, immediately after awakening, 60 min post awakening and late night was collected and analyzed by ELISA. RESULTS Participants included n = 43 healthy university students (39 women, 4 men); 21.1 ± 1.3 years, BMI = 21.8 ± 3.4 kg/m2. Skeletal muscle was reduced in most of the participants, bone mass was at the lower normal range, while the fat tissue parameters were normal with only 7% participants being overweight. Cortisol and HRV parameters of sympathetic predominance (low frequency-LF and low frequency/high frequency ratio-LF/HF) were significantly associated with higher fat tissue parameters (fat mass-FM% and intramuscular adipose tissue-IMAT%) (p <0.001 and p = 0.035, respectively) and with lower skeletal muscle (p = 0.002) and bone mass (p = 0.025). CONCLUSIONS The results point to a role of cortisol and ANS in the control of all three body composition compartments, suggesting that the stress can result in adverse effects on body composition, even in young, apparently healthy individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Selma Cvijetic
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
- *Correspondence: Selma Cvijetic,
| | - Irena Keser
- Laboratory for Nutrition Science, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jasna Jurasović
- Analytical Toxicology and Mineral Metabolism Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tatjana Orct
- Analytical Toxicology and Mineral Metabolism Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Željka Babić
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Jasminka Z. Ilich
- Institute for Successful Longevity, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Jung HW, Kim HY, Kim JY, Cheon JE, Kim IO, Kim SK, Shin CH, Yang SW, Lee YA. Cardiac autonomic dysfunction is associated with hypothalamic damage in patients with childhood-onset craniopharyngioma. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0246789. [PMID: 33591998 PMCID: PMC7886170 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autonomic nervous system dysfunction is implicated in the development of hypothalamic obesity. We investigated the relationship between hypothalamic involvement (HI), central obesity, and cardiac autonomic dysfunction by assessing heart rate variability (HRV) indices in patients with childhood-onset craniopharyngioma. METHODS A cross-sectional study of 48 patients (28 males, 10-30 years old) with hypothalamic damage after childhood-onset craniopharyngioma was performed. Postoperative HI was graded as mild (n = 19) or extensive (n = 29) on magnetic resonance imaging. Anthropometry, body composition and HRV indices including the standard deviation of all normal R-R intervals (SDNN) and total power (TP) as overall variability markers, root-mean square differences of successive R-R intervals (RMSSD) and high frequency (HF) as parasympathetic modulation markers, and low frequency (LF) as a sympathetic/sympathovagal modulation marker were measured. RESULTS Patients with extensive HI had increased means of body mass index, waist circumference, and fat mass than those with mild HI (P < 0.05, for all). Centrally obese patients had a lower mean HF, a parasympathetic modulation marker, than centrally non-obese patients (P < 0.05). The extensive HI group had lower means of overall variability (SDNN and TP), parasympathetic modulation (HF), and sympathetic/sympathovagal modulation (LF) than the mild HI group (P < 0.05, for all). The interaction effect of HI and central obesity on HRV indices was not significant. In models adjusted for age, sex, and family history of cardiometabolic disease, the means of the overall variability indices (P < 0.05 for both SDNN and TP) and a sympathetic/sympathovagal modulation index (P < 0.05 for LF) were lower with extensive HI, without differences according to central obesity. CONCLUSIONS The reduced HRV indices with extensive HI suggests that hypothalamic damage may contribute to cardiac autonomic dysfunction, underscoring the importance of minimizing hypothalamic damage in patients with childhood-onset craniopharyngioma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hae Woon Jung
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa Young Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children’s Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Young Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children’s Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Eun Cheon
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Children’s Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - In-One Kim
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Children’s Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Ki Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Children’s Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Choong Ho Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children’s Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sei Won Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children’s Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ah Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children’s Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Base LH, Oliveira JRDCE, Maia LCP, Antão JYFDL, Ferreira Filho C, Ferreira C. Effect of air pollution on the autonomic modulation of heart rate in overweight adults. EINSTEIN-SAO PAULO 2020; 18:eAO5100. [PMID: 33295424 PMCID: PMC7690934 DOI: 10.31744/einstein_journal/2020ao5100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To analyze the effect of air pollution on heart rate variability in overweight individuals. Methods: A total of 46 adult individuals, both sexes, aged between 18 and 49 years and with body mass index >25kg/m2 were analyzed. All volunteers were students from public schools of two cities in the state of São Paulo. The clinical, demographic and anthropometric data of each individual, as well as heart rate variability through time domain, geometric and frequency indices were collected. For the air quality analysis, the following variables were investigated: concentration of carbon dioxide, particulate matter, temperature and relative humidity. The analysis was carried out with descriptive and analytical statistics, adopting a level of significance of 5%. Results: There was a reduction in overall heart rate variability in overweight individuals by the following indices: mean standard deviation of all normal RR intervals, long-term standard deviation of continuous RR intervals, ratio of short-and long-term standard deviation of continuous RR intervals. In addition, the indices responsible for parasympathetic control showed a downward trend in their values, as well as the low frequency index, which represented sympathetic action, although not significant. Conclusion: Overweight individuals exposed to air pollution had lower heart rate variability than the Control Group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Celso Ferreira
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Alalyan MJ, Alkahtani SA, Habib SS, Flatt AA. Suitability of Ultra-Short-Term Heart Rate Variability in Military Trainees. Healthcare (Basel) 2020; 8:E409. [PMID: 33080808 PMCID: PMC7711890 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare8040409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to (a) evaluate the agreement between ultra-short-term and criterion resting heart rate variability (HRV) measures in military trainees, and (b) compare associations between HRV recording lengths and body composition. HRV recordings were performed for 10 min in 27 military male students. Mean RR interval, the root-mean square of successive differences (RMSSD), RMSSD:RR interval ratio, standard deviation of normal-to-normal RR intervals (SDNN), and SDNN:RR interval ratio were determined from the last 5 min of the 10-min recording and considered the criterion. Parameters were also recorded in successive 1-min epochs from the 5-min stabilization period. No differences were observed between criterion values and any of the 1-min epochs (p > 0.05). Effect sizes ranged from -0.36-0.35. Intra-class correlations ranged from 0.83-0.99. Limits of agreement ranged from 38.3-78.4 ms for RR interval, 18.8-30.0 ms for RMSSD, 1.9-3.1 for RMSSD:RR, 24.1-31.4 ms for SDNN, and 2.5-3.0 for SDNN:RR. Body fat% was associated (p < 0.05) with all HRV parameters at varying time segments. A 1-min HRV recording preceded by a 1-min stabilization period seems to be a suitable alternative to criterion measures. Ultra-short procedures may facilitate routine HRV tracking in tactical populations for status-monitoring purposes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mubarak J. Alalyan
- King Fahd Security College, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Exercise Physiology, College of Sport Sciences and Physical Activity, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Shaea A. Alkahtani
- Department of Exercise Physiology, College of Sport Sciences and Physical Activity, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Syed Shahid Habib
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Andrew A. Flatt
- Department of Health Sciences and Kinesiology, Biodynamics and Human Performance Center, Georgia Southern University—Armstrong, Savannah, GA 31419, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Triggiani AI, Valenzano A, Trimigno V, Di Palma A, Moscatelli F, Cibelli G, Messina G. Heart rate variability reduction is related to a high amount of visceral adiposity in healthy young women. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0223058. [PMID: 31553779 PMCID: PMC6760781 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Several heart rate variability (HRV) studies show abnormalities in autonomic nervous control in obese and overweight subjects. However, some of the results appear to be controversial. Here we investigate the HRV profile in seventy adult normotensive women and its association with general and visceral adiposity. Specifically, we recorded the electrocardiographic (ECG) activity in subjects during a supine resting state for five minutes in a quiet room late in the morning. Total fat mass (TFM) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) were instead estimated using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Finally, we used simple a linear regression analysis of frequency and time-domain parameters to study the relationship between HRV and adiposity. Our data showed an overall reduction of the HRV related to an increase of TFM although this regression appeared significant only for high frequencies (HF). When the linear regression was applied between HRV variables and VAT, the slope of the line increases, thus unveiling a statistically significant relation (i.e. the more VAT, the lower HRV). Finally, a control analysis showed that age does not alter the relation between HRV and VAT when used as a confounding factor in multiple regression. To conclude, these findings point to abnormal activity of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) in subjects with an excess of VAT and represent a starting point to determine a non-invasive index of cardiac wellness for clinical and nutritional application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Ivano Triggiani
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Anna Valenzano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Valentina Trimigno
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Antonella Di Palma
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Fiorenzo Moscatelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Cibelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Messina
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Rastović M, Srdić-Galić B, Barak O, Stokić E, Polovina S. AGING, HEART RATE VARIABILITY AND METABOLIC IMPACT OF OBESITY. Acta Clin Croat 2019; 58:430-438. [PMID: 31969754 PMCID: PMC6971797 DOI: 10.20471/acc.2019.58.03.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between aging and changes in heart rate variability (HRV) could depend on the metabolic profile of obese people, i.e. metabolically healthy obese (MHO) and metabolically unhealthy obese (MUO). We aimed to determine the age at which obesity related autonomic dysfunction becomes significant and whether it decreases differently according to metabolic profile. We analyzed HRV in 99 adults using Wildman's criteria for metabolic profile and 5-minute HRV for autonomic nervous system. In MHO, high frequency (HF) decreased in the 4th decade of life. In MUO, standard deviation of R-R intervals (SDNN), root mean square of successive differences of all R-R intervals (RMSSD), number of adjacent intervals differing by more than 50 ms expressed as percentage of all intervals in the collecting period (pNN50), HF, low frequency (LF), LF/HF (LF divided by HF) and total power (TP) decreased in the 4th decade of life (partial shared variance 28%-36%). In conclusion, an age dependent decrease of HRV occurs in MUO between the third and fifth decade of life. In MHO, HF significantly decreases around the age of 40 years. Cardiometabolic profile influences metabolic aging, altering the autonomic nervous system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Biljana Srdić-Galić
- 1Subotica General Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Subotica, Serbia; 2University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Novi Sad, Serbia; 3University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Novi Sad, Serbia; 4University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Internal Disease, Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Novi Sad, Serbia; 5Clinical Center of Serbia, Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Belgrade, Serbia; 6University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Internal Medicine, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Otto Barak
- 1Subotica General Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Subotica, Serbia; 2University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Novi Sad, Serbia; 3University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Novi Sad, Serbia; 4University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Internal Disease, Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Novi Sad, Serbia; 5Clinical Center of Serbia, Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Belgrade, Serbia; 6University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Internal Medicine, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Edita Stokić
- 1Subotica General Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Subotica, Serbia; 2University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Novi Sad, Serbia; 3University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Novi Sad, Serbia; 4University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Internal Disease, Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Novi Sad, Serbia; 5Clinical Center of Serbia, Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Belgrade, Serbia; 6University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Internal Medicine, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Snežana Polovina
- 1Subotica General Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Subotica, Serbia; 2University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Novi Sad, Serbia; 3University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Novi Sad, Serbia; 4University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Internal Disease, Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Novi Sad, Serbia; 5Clinical Center of Serbia, Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Belgrade, Serbia; 6University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Internal Medicine, Novi Sad, Serbia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Phoemsapthawee J, Prasertsri P, Leelayuwat N. Heart rate variability responses to a combined exercise training program: correlation with adiposity and cardiorespiratory fitness changes in obese young men. J Exerc Rehabil 2019; 15:114-122. [PMID: 30899746 PMCID: PMC6416511 DOI: 10.12965/jer.1836486.243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the influence of adiposity indices and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) on heart rate variability (HRV) has been demonstrated extensively, the causal link between the changes in adiposity as well as in CRF and the alterations in cardiac autonomic function is unclear. Thus, this study aimed to assess the correlation between the changes in adiposity and CRF and the alterations in HRV after 12-week exercise training. Twenty obese sedentary men aged 20.5±1.2 years were randomly assigned into 2 groups (n=10 each): the control (CG) and the exercise group (EG). The EG trained 60 min of combined aerobic, anaerobic and strengthening exercise, 4 sessions/wk for 12 weeks, whilst the CG remained relatively inactive. Measurements of resting HRV, body composition, and peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak) were obtained at baseline and after the 12-week training program. Compared with CG, the exercise training significantly reduced adiposity indices and improved vagal-related HRV variables and VO2peak. Significant correlations were observed between changes in HRV variables and adiposity indices and VO2peak changes. Stepwise regression analysis revealed that changes in a Poincaré plot index (SD1/SD2 ratio) predicted 32.4% of the variance in the relative VO2peak changes. These findings suggest that obese sedentary young men achieved significant improvements in vagal activity, adiposity indices and aerobic fitness after the exercise training. The higher reduction in fat mass, especially central obesity, the greater alteration of vagal modulation. Moreover, the alteration in resting HRV is a possible predictor for adaptations to exercise training in obese sedentary young men.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jatuporn Phoemsapthawee
- Department of Sports Science and Health, Faculty of Sports Science, Kasetsart University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | | | - Naruemon Leelayuwat
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Exercise and Sport Sciences Development and Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sordi CCD, Lemos MDP, Marocolo M, Chriguer RS, Mendes EL, Mota GRD, Barbosa Neto O. Exercise training reverse autonomic dysfunction and hypertension in rats fed with high-fat diet. MOTRIZ: REVISTA DE EDUCACAO FISICA 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/s1980-6574201700040004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
|
11
|
Abstract
Objective: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine disease closely related to several risk factors of cardiovascular disease. Obese women with PCOS show altered autonomic modulation. The results of studies investigating cardiac autonomic functions of normal-weight women with PCOS are conflicting. The aim of the study was to assess the reactivity of cardiac sympathovagal balance in normal-weight women with PCOS by heart rate variability analysis. Methods: We examined the heart rate variability in 60 normal-weight women with PCOS and compared them with that in 60 age-matched healthy women having a similar metabolic profile. Time and frequency domain parameters of heart rate variability were analyzed based on 5-min-long continuous electrocardiography recordings for the following 3 periods: (1) during rest in supine position, (2) during controlled breathing, and (3) during isometric handgrip exercise. Results: Time and frequency domain parameters of heart rate variability for the 3 periods assessed were similar in the two groups. Although modified Ferriman–Gallwey score and serum testosterone and luteinizing hormone levels were significantly higher in women with PCOS, homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was not different the between the PCOS and control groups. There were no significant correlations between serum testosterone levels and heart rate variability parameters among the study population. Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that the reactivity of cardiac sympathovagal balance is not altered in normal-weight women with PCOS having a normal HOMA-IR.
Collapse
|
12
|
Yoo HJ, Hwang SY, Choi KM, Baik SH, Lee EM, Kim EJ, Rha SW, Park CG, Oh DJ, Seo HS. Clinical implication of body size phenotype on heart rate variability. Metabolism 2016; 65:1589-1596. [PMID: 27733246 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2016.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Revised: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We compared heart rate variability (HRV) values according to the following body size phenotypes: metabolically healthy normal weight (MHNW), metabolically unhealthy but normal weight (MUNW), metabolically healthy but obese (MHO), and metabolically unhealthy obese (MUO). We retrospectively analyzed a dataset from 1200 participants who had visited the Cardiovascular Center at Korea University Guro Hospital between March 2009 and February 2014 and underwent Holter monitoring for 24h. HRV was calculated from standard deviation of normal-to-normal R-R intervals (SDNN), standard deviation of the average normal-to-normal intervals (SDANN), and root mean square of successive differences (rMSSD) measurements, and study subjects were classified according to body mass index (BMI) and presence or absence of metabolic syndrome. Various HRV indices, including SDNN, SDANN, and rMSSD, were significantly lower in MUNW subjects than in MHNW or MHO subjects, while there were no significant differences between MUNW and MUO subjects. Although BMI had no significant correlation with any HRV indices, SDNN, SDANN, and rMSSD values had significant negative correlations with waist circumference and levels of C-reactive proteins, AST, ALT, fasting glucose, and HOMA-IR. A significant positive correlation was observed between HRV index and HDL level. Furthermore, the SDNN value significantly decreased with an increase in the number of metabolic syndrome components after adjusting for other covariates. Compared to MHNW or MHO subjects, Korean men and women with the MUNW phenotype exhibited decreased HRV, suggesting that low HRV is related to adverse cardiovascular outcomes in MUNW individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hye Jin Yoo
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Young Hwang
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Mook Choi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sei Hyun Baik
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Mi Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Wonkwang University Sanbon Hospital, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Eung Joo Kim
- Cardiovascular Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Woon Rha
- Cardiovascular Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Gyu Park
- Cardiovascular Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Joo Oh
- Cardiovascular Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Seog Seo
- Cardiovascular Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; KU-KIST Graduate School Converging Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Rastović M, Srdić-Galić B, Barak O, Stokić E. Association between anthropometric measures of regional fat mass and heart rate variability in obese women. Nutr Diet 2016; 74:51-60. [PMID: 28731559 DOI: 10.1111/1747-0080.12280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM Impaired autonomic function could be the mechanism for the development of cardiometabolic diseases in obesity. Hence, simple anthropometric measures of overall and central obesity could be screening markers for autonomic imbalance. We analysed the relationship between heart rate variability (HRV) parameters and obesity indicators. METHODS Sixty-three obese women underwent blood pressure, lipids and anthropometric measurements, body composition assessment, HOMA (homeostasis model assessment) index calculation and short-term HRV analysis. RESULTS The correlation between obesity indicators and HRV parameters was influenced by age. In the multiple regression model, sagittal abdominal diameter (SAD) was a significant negative predictor of lnLF/HF (logarithmically transformed ratio of low to high frequencies) and lnLFnorm, and positive predictor of HFnorm (normalized high frequencies); the significant relationship remained even after adjustment for age, HOMA, blood pressure, lipid profile, menopause, body mass index (BMI) and body fat percentage (FAT). Anterior forearm skinfold showed inverse association with HRV. Correlation between waist circumference and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) with lnLF/HF, as well as between anterior thigh skinfold with lnLF/HF, LFnorm (normalised low frequencies) and HFnorm was lost after further adjustments. CONCLUSION Among all anthropometric measures, SAD and anterior forearm skinfold thickness showed the highest predictive ability for HRV. Markers of lower sympathetic and higher cardiac parasympathetic activity corresponded with indicator of central obesity, while indicators of peripheral obesity showed completely opposite relationship with markers of cardiac autonomic activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Rastović
- Department of Internal Medicine, General Hospital Subotica, Subotica, Serbia
| | - Biljana Srdić-Galić
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Oto Barak
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Edita Stokić
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Institute of Internal Disease, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Heart rate variability in shift workers: responses to orthostatism and relationships with anthropometry, body composition, and blood pressure. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:329057. [PMID: 26495293 PMCID: PMC4606218 DOI: 10.1155/2015/329057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Revised: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In order to investigate the response of heart rate variability (HRV) components to postural change and their association with cardiovascular risk factors in shift workers, a cross-sectional study with 438 Brazilian males rotating shift workers was done. Anthropometric, body composition, and clinical measures were collected. Electrocardiogram was recorded for 3 minutes, in the supine and orthostatic position, and HRV components were extracted. Descriptive analyses showed that mean values of body mass index, waist circumference (WC), waist-to-height ratio, visceral fat area (VFA), and blood pressure (BP) were higher than the reference values. In the regression model, age, WC, VFA, and systolic BP showed negative association with HRV components. These findings suggest the need for determining effective strategies for the evaluation and promotion of health among shift workers focused on the altered variables.
Collapse
|
15
|
Tian Y, Huang C, He Z, Hong P, Zhao J. Autonomic function responses to training: Correlation with body composition changes. Physiol Behav 2015; 151:308-13. [PMID: 26253213 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2015.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2015] [Revised: 07/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM The causal relation between autonomic function and adiposity is an unresolved issue. Thus, we studied whether resting heart rate variability (HRV) changes could be used to predict changes in body composition after 16 weeks of individualized exercise training. METHODS A total of 117 sedentary overweight/obese adults volunteered to join an intervention group (IN, n=82) or a control group (CON, n=35). The intervention group trained for 30-40 min three times a week with an intensity of 85-100% of individual ventilatory threshold (Thvent). At baseline and after a 16-week training period, resting HRV variables, body composition and peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) were assessed. RESULTS Compared with CON, exercise training significantly improved HRV and body composition and increased VO2peak (P<0.05). Significant correlations were observed between changes of HRV variables and body composition indices and VO2peak (P<0.05). Greater individual changes in HRV in response to exercise training were observed for those with greater total and central fat loss. CONCLUSION Individual aerobic-based exercise training was for improving autonomic function and resting HRV responses to aerobic training is a potential indicator for adaptations to exercise training.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ye Tian
- China Institute of Sport Science, Beijing, China.
| | - Chuanye Huang
- Department of Sports Science, Shandong University of Sport, Shandong, China
| | - Zihong He
- China Institute of Sport Science, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Hong
- China Institute of Sport Science, Beijing, China
| | - Jiexiu Zhao
- China Institute of Sport Science, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Wagner J, Keuky L, Lampert R, Fraser-King L, Feinn R, Kuoch T, Scully M. Socioeconomic Status, Waist-to-Hip Ratio, and Short-Term Heart Rate Variability in Cambodians with Type 2 Diabetes. Int J Behav Med 2015; 22:786-91. [DOI: 10.1007/s12529-015-9468-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
17
|
Kuppusamy S, Pal GK, Habeebullah S, Ananthanarayanan PH, Pal P. Association of sympathovagal imbalance with cardiovascular risks in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. Endocr Res 2015; 40:37-43. [PMID: 24866562 DOI: 10.3109/07435800.2014.920350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with cardiovascular risks like obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia that can lead to sympathovagal imbalance (SVI). The study was designed to assess the cardiovascular risk in PCOS and link of metabolic derangements to SVI. Thirty-five newly diagnosed PCOS patients and 32 age-matched controls were recruited. Waist-hip ratio, body mass index (BMI), basal cardiovascular parameters such as basal heart rate (BHR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP) and rate pressure product (RPP) were recorded. Autonomic functions were assessed using short-term heart rate variability (HRV) analysis, heart rate and blood pressure response to standing (30:15 ratio), deep breathing (E:I ratio) and isometric handgrip (ΔDBPihg). Fasting plasma glucose, insulin, lipid profile and testosterone were assayed. Insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and lipid risk factors were calculated. The cases had increased BHR, BMI, SBP, DBP, MAP and RPP. The ratio of low-frequency to high-frequency (LF-HF) of HRV, the marker of SVI was significantly increased in cases. 30:15 ratio and ΔDBPihg were increased and E:I ratio was decreased in the cases. HOMA-IR, lipid risk factors and testosterone were significantly elevated in cases. There was a significant correlation of LF-HF with BMI, BHR, RPP, insulin resistance and lipid risk factors. On regression analysis, insulin resistance and lipid risk factors had independent association with LF-HF. PCOS patients have SVI, decreased HRV and increased RPP and the potential cardiovascular risks. The insulin resistance and dyslipidemia contribute to SVI and cardiovascular risks in PCOS patients.
Collapse
|
18
|
Farah BQ, Barros MVG, Balagopal B, Ritti-Dias RM. Heart rate variability and cardiovascular risk factors in adolescent boys. J Pediatr 2014; 165:945-50. [PMID: 25112694 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2014.06.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Revised: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To establish reference values of heart rate variability (HRV) measures in a cohort of adolescent boys and to determine the relationship between HRV and the clustering of risk factors (RFs) for cardiovascular disease. STUDY DESIGN This cross-sectional study included 1152 adolescent boys (age: 16.6 ± 1.2 years old). Demographic data, health-related habits, obesity indicators, and blood pressure were evaluated. HRV measures of time (SD of all RR intervals, root mean square of the squared differences between adjacent normal RR intervals, and the percentage of adjacent intervals over 50 ms) and frequency domains were assessed (low [LF] and high [HF] frequency). RESULTS The components of HRV were RR interval (827 ± 128 ms), SD of all RR intervals (61.9 ± 23.5 ms), root mean square of the squared differences between adjacent normal RR intervals (54.5 ± 29.4 ms), percentage of adjacent intervals over 50 ms (29.4 ± 20.4%), LF (53 ± 16 nu), HF (47 ± 16), and LF/HF (1.44 ± 1.08). Greater sympathetic and lower parasympathetic modulation at rest were associated with higher adiposity, higher blood pressure and physical inactivity. Adolescents with 2 or more RFs also presented lower HRV than subjects with no RFs (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS The study has provided descriptive indicators that help the interpretation of HRV results in adolescents. Lower HRV measures are associated with the clustering of cardiovascular RFs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Breno Q Farah
- Associate Graduate Program in Physical Education, University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Mauro V G Barros
- Associate Graduate Program in Physical Education, University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Babu Balagopal
- Nemours Children's Clinic and Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Raphael M Ritti-Dias
- Associate Graduate Program in Physical Education, University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Farah BQ, Prado WLD, Tenório TRDS, Ritti-Dias RM. Heart rate variability and its relationship with central and general obesity in obese normotensive adolescents. EINSTEIN-SAO PAULO 2014; 11:285-90. [PMID: 24136753 PMCID: PMC4878585 DOI: 10.1590/s1679-45082013000300005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2013] [Accepted: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: To analyze the relationship between the heart rate variability parameters and the indicators of central and general obesity in obese normotensive adolescents. Methods: Seventy-four 13 to 18 year-old obese normotensive adolescents participated in this study. The indicators analyzed for central and general obesity were waist circumference and body mass index, respectively. Heart rate variability was obtained by heart rate monitoring. For this, the adolescents remained in a supine position for 7 minutes with controlled breathing. Parameters were obtained in time domain (standard deviation of all the RR intervals, root mean square of successive differences between the normal adjacent RR intervals and the percentage of adjacent intervals with more than 50ms) and frequency domain variables (low and high frequency bands and the sympathovagal balance). Results: After adjustments for gender, age, and cardiorespiratory fitness, a negative correlation between the waist circumference and the root mean square of successive differences between the normal adjacent RR intervals (ß=-1.51; standard error=0.56; p<0.05) and the percentage of adjacent intervals with more than 50 ms (ß=-0.96; standard error=0.34; p<0.05) were observed, while the body mass index showed no significant correlation with any heart rate variability parameter (p>0.05). Conclusion: Central obesity is a better discriminator than general obesity of autonomic cardiac dysfunction in obese normotensive adolescents
Collapse
|
20
|
Griera Borrás JL, Contreras Gilbert J. ¿Existe el obeso sano? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 61:47-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.endonu.2013.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2012] [Revised: 03/04/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
|
21
|
Saranya K, Pal GK, Habeebullah S, Pal P. Assessment of cardiovascular autonomic function in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2013; 40:192-9. [PMID: 24102794 DOI: 10.1111/jog.12154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2012] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
AIM The study was conducted to assess the sympathovagal balance in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) using short-term heart rate variability (HRV) analysis and conventional autonomic function tests (CAFT). METHODS Thirty-one newly diagnosed patients with PCOS and 30 age-matched controls were recruited. Body mass index (BMI), waist : hip ratio (WHR), cardiovascular parameters such as basal heart rate (BHR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and rate-pressure product (RPP), and fasting blood glucose (FBG) were measured in both groups. Cardiovascular autonomic functions assessed were spectral analysis of HRV, heart rate and blood pressure response to standing (30:15 ratio), deep breathing (E:I ratio) and isometric handgrip (ΔDBP(ihg)). RESULTS The cases had significantly increased BMI, WHR, BHR, SBP, DBP and RPP. Ratio of low-frequency to high-frequency power of HRV (LF-HF ratio), the marker of sympathovagal balance was significantly increased in cases compared to controls. Time-domain indices of HRV and E:I ratio were decreased, and 30:15 ratio, ΔDBP(ihg) and FBG were increased in cases. Though there was a significant correlation of LF-HF ratio with BMI, WHR, BHR, RPP and FBG, only BHR and RPP had independent contribution to LF-HF ratio. CONCLUSION We conclude that PCOS patients have altered autonomic modulation in the form of increased sympathetic and decreased parasympathetic reactivity and HRV. The sympathovagal imbalance exposes them to cardiovascular morbidities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kuppusamy Saranya
- Department of Physiology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Poliakova N, Després JP, Bergeron J, Alméras N, Tremblay A, Poirier P. Influence of obesity indices, metabolic parameters and age on cardiac autonomic function in abdominally obese men. Metabolism 2012; 61:1270-9. [PMID: 22444779 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2012.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2011] [Revised: 01/19/2012] [Accepted: 02/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Heart rate variability (HRV) is affected by age, hyperglycemia and accumulation of body fat. This study compares the predictive value of four measurements of adiposity/obesity on HRV and investigates the specific role of age, metabolic contributors and degree/distribution of fat in HRV alterations. The sample consisted of 97 non-diabetic and non-medicated men with features of the metabolic syndrome (50±8 years of age, body mass index [BMI] 31±3 kg/m(2), waist circumference [WC] 107±9 cm, triglycerides 2.3±0.7 mmol/L, fasting glucose 6.0±0.5 mmol/L, insulin 156±71 pmol/L; mean±SD). WC, BMI, percent body fat (% fat, from dual energy X-ray absorptiometry) and visceral adipose tissue volume (VAT, from computed tomography) were used as measures of adiposity/obesity. HRV measures were obtained from 24-h, day- and night-time segments of Holter recordings. BMI presented no independent association with HRV. Percentage fat was the strongest obesity index to be associated with HRV: 24-h pNN50, rMSSD, HF and daytime pNN50, rMSSD, HF and LF (-0.27≤std β≤-0.20, P<.05). VAT was associated with 24-h SDNN, LF (std β=-0.25 and -0.20, P<.05, respectively) and daytime SDNN (std β=-0.24, P<.05) while WC was associated with nighttime SDNN and SDANN (std β=0.22 and 0.32, P<.05). In addition, age, fasting glucose, 2-h oral glucose tolerance test and triglycerides presented independent association with HRV. Adiposity/obesity measurements seem to be differently associated with HRV. An approach considering the combination of age, obesity and glucose metabolism factors could be helpful in the global cardiovascular risk management in abdominally obese men.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Poliakova
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Québec, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Dissociation of heart rate variability and heart rate recovery in well-trained athletes. Eur J Appl Physiol 2011; 112:2757-66. [PMID: 22124525 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-011-2258-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2011] [Accepted: 11/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this investigation was to examine the relationships between aerobic fitness, volume of physical activity (PA), heart rate variability (HRV), and heart rate recovery (HRR) in a group of well-trained endurance athletes. Nineteen endurance athletes participated in this study and had aerobic capacities that placed them above the 99th percentile based on normative values (VO(2max): 67.1 ± 2 ml kg(-1) min(-1)). HRV was obtained via an EKG collected during supine rest and reported as high-frequency (HF), low-frequency (LF), and total power (TP). Natural log (ln) transformation was applied when variables violated assumptions of normality. HRR recovery was reported as the reduction in heart rate from peak exercise to the heart rate 1 min after cessation of exercise and PA was estimated from a questionnaire. HRR was significantly correlated with PA and VO(2max) (r = 0.67, P = 0.003 and 0.51, P = 0.039, respectively), but not with any index of HRV. Age was significantly correlated with lnHF (r = -0.49, P = 0.033), lnLF/lnHF (r = 0.48, P = 0.037), and normalized units (NU) of LF (r = 0.47, P = 0.042) and HF (r = -0.47, P = 0.042). Stepwise regression revealed that the strongest predictor of HRR was PA (R (2) = 0.45) and that VO(2max) did not add significant predictive value to the model. The relationship between HRV and age is evident in well-trained endurance athletes, whereas the relationship between HRV and PA/aerobic fitness is not. The maintained relationship between HRR and PA/aerobic fitness suggests that HRR may be a better marker of fitness-related differences in autonomic control in this population.
Collapse
|
24
|
Metabolic energy correlates of heart rate variability spectral power associated with a 900-calorie challenge. J Nutr Metab 2011; 2011:715361. [PMID: 21773025 PMCID: PMC3136225 DOI: 10.1155/2011/715361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2011] [Revised: 03/29/2011] [Accepted: 04/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied healthy males challenged with a 900 Cal test beverage and correlated EE with the raw (ms2) and normalized units (nu) of total power (TP), low frequency/high frequency (LF/HF) and VLF spectral power of heart rate variability (HRV). The correlations were evaluated during 20 min of normal breathing (NB, control) and 20 min of paced breathing (PB) at 12 breaths·min−1 (0.2 Hz). EE was not significantly correlated with any of the HRV variables before the metabolic challenge. After the challenge, EE was positively correlated with LF/HF and with VLF; VLF was also positively correlated with LF/HF during both NB and PB. These findings suggest that EE may be a correlate of LF/HF and of VLF spectral power of HRV in healthy adolescent/young adult males. The association of lower resting energy expenditure with lower amounts of VLF spectral power may occur in individuals with predilections for obese phenotypes.
Collapse
|
25
|
Prospective randomized comparison between omega-3 fatty acid supplements plus simvastatin versus simvastatin alone in Korean patients with mixed dyslipidemia: lipoprotein profiles and heart rate variability. Eur J Clin Nutr 2010; 65:110-6. [DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2010.195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
26
|
Ramos PS, Araújo CGS. Lower cardiac vagal tone in non-obese healthy men with unfavorable anthropometric characteristics. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2010; 65:45-51. [PMID: 20126345 PMCID: PMC2815282 DOI: 10.1590/s1807-59322010000100008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2009] [Accepted: 10/19/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES to determine if there are differences in cardiac vagal tone values in non-obese healthy, adult men with and without unfavorable anthropometric characteristics. INTRODUCTION It is well established that obesity reduces cardiac vagal tone. However, it remains unknown if decreases in cardiac vagal tone can be observed early in non-obese healthy, adult men presenting unfavorable anthropometric characteristics. METHODS Among 1688 individuals assessed between 2004 and 2008, we selected 118 non-obese (BMI <30 kg/m(2)), healthy men (no known disease conditions or regular use of relevant medications), aged between 20 and 77 years old (42 +/- 12-years-old). Their evaluation included clinical examination, anthropometric assessment (body height and weight, sum of six skinfolds, waist circumference and somatotype), a 4-second exercise test to estimate cardiac vagal tone and a maximal cardiopulmonary exercise test to exclude individuals with myocardial ischemia. The same physician performed all procedures. RESULTS A lower cardiac vagal tone was found for the individuals in the higher quintiles - unfavorable anthropometric characteristics - of BMI (p=0.005), sum of six skinfolds (p=0.037) and waist circumference (p<0.001). In addition, the more endomorphic individuals also presented a lower cardiac vagal tone (p=0.023), while an ectomorphic build was related to higher cardiac vagal tone values as estimated by the 4-second exercise test (r=0.23; p=0.017). CONCLUSIONS Non-obese and healthy adult men with unfavorable anthropometric characteristics tend to present lower cardiac vagal tone levels. Early identification of this trend by simple protocols that are non-invasive and risk-free, using select anthropometric characteristics, may be clinically useful in a global strategy to prevent cardiovascular disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Plínio S. Ramos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Física, Universidade Gama Filho - Rio de Janeiro/RJ, Brasil
| | - Claudio Gil S. Araújo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Física, Universidade Gama Filho - Rio de Janeiro/RJ, Brasil
- Clínica de Medicina do Exercício (CLINIMEX) - Rio de Janeiro/RJ,Brasil
- , Tel: 55 21 2256.7183
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Millis RM, Austin RE, Hatcher MD, Bond V, Faruque MU, Goring KL, Hickey BM, DeMeersman RE. Association of body fat percentage and heart rate variability measures of sympathovagal balance. Life Sci 2009; 86:153-7. [PMID: 19958777 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2009.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2009] [Revised: 10/26/2009] [Accepted: 11/21/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
AIMS We tested the hypothesis that body fat percentage determines cardiac sympathovagal balance in healthy subjects. MAIN METHODS Heart rate variability (HRV) measurements were made of the standard deviation of the normal-normal RR intervals (SDNN) and the low frequency/high frequency (LF/HF) ratio, from time domain and fast Fourier transform spectral analysis of electrocardiogram RR intervals during trials of uncontrolled and controlled (paced) breathing at 0.2Hz. Body fat percentage was measured by dual energy x-ray absorptiometric (DEXA) scanning. Significance of differences between uncontrolled and controlled (paced) breathing was determined by analysis of variance and correlations between body fat percentage and HRV measurements by Pearson's coefficient at P<0.05. KEY FINDINGS Percent body fat was negatively correlated with LF/HF during the uncontrolled breathing (r=-0.56, two-tailed P<0.05, one-tailed P<0.01) but not during the paced breathing trial (r=-0.34, (P>0.1). SIGNIFICANCE We conclude that sympathetic activity produced by paced breathing at 0.2Hz can obscure the relationship between body fat percentage and sympathovagal balance and that high body fat percentage may be associated with low sympathetic modulation of the heart rate in healthy adolescent/young adult males.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard M Millis
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC 20059, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Messerli-Burgy N, Meyer K, Steptoe A, Laederach-Hofmann K. Autonomic and Cardiovascular Effects of Acute High Altitude Exposure After Myocardial Infarction and in Normal Volunteers. Circ J 2009; 73:1485-91. [DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-09-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Messerli-Burgy
- Autonomic Laboratory; Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology & Clinical Nutrition, Inselspital, University of Bern
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Bern
- Swiss Health Observatory (OBSAN)
| | | | - Andrew Steptoe
- Psychobiology Group, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College
| | - Kurt Laederach-Hofmann
- Autonomic Laboratory; Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology & Clinical Nutrition, Inselspital, University of Bern
- Center for Psychobiology and Psychosomatics, University of Trier
| |
Collapse
|