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Wang H, Ma JX, Wu DM, Gao N, Si J, Cui BK. Identifying Bioactive Ingredients and Antioxidant Activities of Wild Sanghuangporus Species of Medicinal Fungi. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9020242. [PMID: 36836356 PMCID: PMC9959451 DOI: 10.3390/jof9020242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Sanghuangporus refers to a group of rare medicinal fungi with remarkable therapeutic properties. However, current knowledge on the bioactive ingredients and antioxidant activities of different species of this genus is limited. In this study, a total of 15 wild strains from 8 species of Sanghuangporus were selected as the experimental materials for identification of the bioactive components (polysaccharide, polyphenol, flavonoid, triterpenoid, and ascorbic acid) and antioxidant activities (scavenging activities against hydroxyl, superoxide, DPPH, and ABTS radicals; superoxide dismutase activity; and ferric reducing ability of plasma). Notably, individual strains contained different levels of various indicators, among which Sanghuangporus baumii Cui 3573, S. sanghuang Cui 14419 and Cui 14441, S. vaninii Dai 9061, and S. zonatus Dai 10841 displayed the strongest activities. The correlation analysis of bioactive ingredients and antioxidant activities revealed that the antioxidant capacity of Sanghuangporus is mainly associated with the contents of flavonoid and ascorbic acid, followed by polyphenol and triterpenoid, and finally, polysaccharide. Together, the results obtained from the comprehensive and systematic comparative analyses contribute further potential resources and critical guidance for the separation, purification, and further development and utilization of bioactive agents from wild Sanghuangporus species, as well as the optimization of their artificial cultivation conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Institute of Microbiology, School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jin-Xin Ma
- Institute of Microbiology, School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Dong-Mei Wu
- Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Sciences/Xinjiang Production and Construction Group Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Enhancement and Gene Resources Utilization, Biotechnology Research Institute, Shihezi 832000, China
| | - Neng Gao
- Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Sciences/Xinjiang Production and Construction Group Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Enhancement and Gene Resources Utilization, Biotechnology Research Institute, Shihezi 832000, China
| | - Jing Si
- Institute of Microbiology, School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Correspondence: (J.S.); (B.-K.C.)
| | - Bao-Kai Cui
- Institute of Microbiology, School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Correspondence: (J.S.); (B.-K.C.)
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Resistance Training Modulates Reticulum Endoplasmic Stress, Independent of Oxidative and Inflammatory Responses, in Elderly People. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11112242. [DOI: 10.3390/antiox11112242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is related to changes in the redox status, low-grade inflammation, and decreased endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response (UPR). Exercise has been shown to regulate the inflammatory response, balance redox homeostasis, and ameliorate the UPR. This work aimed to investigate the effects of resistance training on changes in the UPR, oxidative status, and inflammatory responses in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of elderly subjects. Thirty elderly subjects volunteered to participate in an 8-week resistance training program, and 11 youth subjects were included for basal assessments. Klotho, heat shock protein 60 (HSP60), oxidative marker expression (catalase, glutathione, lipid peroxidation, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, protein carbonyls, reactive oxygen species, and superoxide dismutase 1 and 2), the IRE1 arm of UPR, and TLR4/TRAF6/pIRAK1 pathway activation were evaluated before and following training. No changes in the HSP60 and Klotho protein content, oxidative status markers, and TLR4/TRAF6/pIRAK1 pathway activation were found with exercise. However, an attenuation of the reduced pIRE1/IRE1 ratio was observed following training. Systems biology analysis showed that a low number of proteins (RPS27A, SYVN1, HSPA5, and XBP1) are associated with IRE1, where XBP1 and RPS27A are essential nodes according to the centrality analysis. Additionally, a gene ontology analysis confirms that endoplasmic reticulum stress is a key mechanism modulated by IRE1. These findings might partially support the modulatory effect of resistance training on the endoplasmic reticulum in the elderly.
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Li Y, Liang W, Han Y, Zhao W, Wang S, Qin C. Triterpenoids and Polysaccharides from Ganoderma lucidum Improve the Histomorphology and Function of Testes in Middle-Aged Male Mice by Alleviating Oxidative Stress and Cellular Apoptosis. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14224733. [PMID: 36432421 PMCID: PMC9696538 DOI: 10.3390/nu14224733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is an inevitable physiological process accompanied by a decline in body physiology, including male fertility. A preparation from Ganoderma lucidum (GL) containing triterpenes and polysaccharides has been shown to have anti-aging properties. In the current study, the effects of GL on mating ability, testosterone secretion, and testicular structure and function were observed in middle-aged male mice. The GL preparation was administered orally to mice for 2 to 5 months, and then behavioral, serological, and histopathological examinations were performed. Results showed that in the GL group of mice, the mating latency was shortened, the number of pursuits within 20 min was increased, and the mating success rate was higher compared to control mice. Additionally, the levels of serum testosterone, cell proliferation (Ki67), and sperm-specific lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)-C4 were increased, while the levels of senescence-related protein p16 and cellular apoptosis were decreased in GL mice. Testicular spermatogenic cells and sperm and stromal cells were reduced and exhibited structural disorder in 11- and 14-month-old control mice, while these changes were improved compared to age-matched mice receiving the GL preparation. Furthermore, the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), and the pro-apoptotic protein Bax were decreased, while the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 was increased in GL mice. Finally, the mitochondrial structure was relatively complete in GL mice compared to controls. Therefore, GL has the potential to improve testicular structure and function in middle-aged male mice by alleviating oxidative stress, maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis, and reducing cellular apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Li
- Institute of Medical Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Comparative Medicine Centre, Peking Union Medical Collage (PUMC), Beijing 100021, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Diseases Comparative Medicine, the Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, CAMS&PUMC, Beijing 100021, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, the Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, CAMS&PUMC, Beijing 100021, China
- National Human Diseases Animal Model Resource Center, the Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, CAMS&PUMC, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Wei Liang
- Institute of Medical Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Comparative Medicine Centre, Peking Union Medical Collage (PUMC), Beijing 100021, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Diseases Comparative Medicine, the Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, CAMS&PUMC, Beijing 100021, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, the Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, CAMS&PUMC, Beijing 100021, China
- National Human Diseases Animal Model Resource Center, the Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, CAMS&PUMC, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Yunlin Han
- Institute of Medical Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Comparative Medicine Centre, Peking Union Medical Collage (PUMC), Beijing 100021, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Diseases Comparative Medicine, the Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, CAMS&PUMC, Beijing 100021, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, the Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, CAMS&PUMC, Beijing 100021, China
- National Human Diseases Animal Model Resource Center, the Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, CAMS&PUMC, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Wenjie Zhao
- Institute of Medical Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Comparative Medicine Centre, Peking Union Medical Collage (PUMC), Beijing 100021, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Diseases Comparative Medicine, the Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, CAMS&PUMC, Beijing 100021, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, the Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, CAMS&PUMC, Beijing 100021, China
- National Human Diseases Animal Model Resource Center, the Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, CAMS&PUMC, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Siyuan Wang
- Institute of Medical Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Comparative Medicine Centre, Peking Union Medical Collage (PUMC), Beijing 100021, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Diseases Comparative Medicine, the Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, CAMS&PUMC, Beijing 100021, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, the Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, CAMS&PUMC, Beijing 100021, China
- National Human Diseases Animal Model Resource Center, the Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, CAMS&PUMC, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Chuan Qin
- Institute of Medical Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Comparative Medicine Centre, Peking Union Medical Collage (PUMC), Beijing 100021, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Diseases Comparative Medicine, the Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, CAMS&PUMC, Beijing 100021, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, the Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, CAMS&PUMC, Beijing 100021, China
- National Human Diseases Animal Model Resource Center, the Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, CAMS&PUMC, Beijing 100021, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-010-87778141
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Tan H, Xu J, Liu Y. Ageing, cellular senescence and chronic kidney disease: experimental evidence. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 2022; 31:235-243. [PMID: 35142744 PMCID: PMC9035037 DOI: 10.1097/mnh.0000000000000782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is often viewed as an accelerated and premature ageing of the kidney, as they share common pathological features characterized by cellular senescence. In this review, we summarize the experimental evidence linking cellular senescence to the pathobiology of kidney ageing and CKD, and discuss the strategies for targeting senescent cells in developing therapeutics for ageing-related kidney disorders. RECENT FINDINGS Kidney ageing and CKD are featured with increased cellular senescence, an irreversible state of cell cycle arrest and the cessation of cell division. Senescent cells secrete a diverse array of proinflammatory and profibrotic factors known as senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Secondary senescence can be induced by primary senescent cells via a mechanism involving direct contact or the SASP. Various senolytic therapies aiming to selectively remove senescent cells in vivo have been developed. Senostatic approaches to suppress senescence or inhibit SASP, as well as nutrient signalling regulators are also validated in animal models of ageing. SUMMARY These recent studies provide experimental evidence supporting the notion that accumulation of senescent cells and their associated SASP is a main driver leading to structural and functional organ degeneration in CKD and other ageing-related disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huishi Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Youhua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Seweryn E, Ziała A, Gamian A. Health-Promoting of Polysaccharides Extracted from Ganoderma lucidum. Nutrients 2021; 13:2725. [PMID: 34444885 PMCID: PMC8400705 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Medicinal mushrooms are rich sources of pharmacologically active compounds. One of the mushrooms commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine is Ganoderma lucidum (Leyss. Ex Fr.) Karst. In Asian countries it is treated as a nutraceutical, whose regular consumption provides vitality and improves health. Ganoderma lucidum is an important source of biologically active compounds. The pharmacologically active fraction of polysaccharides has antioxidant, immunomodulatory, antineurodegenerative and antidiabetic activities. In this review, we summarize the activity of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides (GLP).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Seweryn
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Anna Ziała
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Andrzej Gamian
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland;
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Izzo C, Vitillo P, Di Pietro P, Visco V, Strianese A, Virtuoso N, Ciccarelli M, Galasso G, Carrizzo A, Vecchione C. The Role of Oxidative Stress in Cardiovascular Aging and Cardiovascular Diseases. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:60. [PMID: 33467601 PMCID: PMC7829951 DOI: 10.3390/life11010060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging can be seen as process characterized by accumulation of oxidative stress induced damage. Oxidative stress derives from different endogenous and exogenous processes, all of which ultimately lead to progressive loss in tissue and organ structure and functions. The oxidative stress theory of aging expresses itself in age-related diseases. Aging is in fact a primary risk factor for many diseases and in particular for cardiovascular diseases and its derived morbidity and mortality. Here we highlight the role of oxidative stress in age-related cardiovascular aging and diseases. We take into consideration the molecular mechanisms, the structural and functional alterations, and the diseases accompanied to the cardiovascular aging process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmine Izzo
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, Baronissi, 84081 Salerno, Italy; (C.I.); (P.V.); (P.D.P.); (V.V.); (A.S.); (N.V.); (M.C.); (G.G.); (A.C.)
| | - Paolo Vitillo
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, Baronissi, 84081 Salerno, Italy; (C.I.); (P.V.); (P.D.P.); (V.V.); (A.S.); (N.V.); (M.C.); (G.G.); (A.C.)
| | - Paola Di Pietro
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, Baronissi, 84081 Salerno, Italy; (C.I.); (P.V.); (P.D.P.); (V.V.); (A.S.); (N.V.); (M.C.); (G.G.); (A.C.)
| | - Valeria Visco
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, Baronissi, 84081 Salerno, Italy; (C.I.); (P.V.); (P.D.P.); (V.V.); (A.S.); (N.V.); (M.C.); (G.G.); (A.C.)
| | - Andrea Strianese
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, Baronissi, 84081 Salerno, Italy; (C.I.); (P.V.); (P.D.P.); (V.V.); (A.S.); (N.V.); (M.C.); (G.G.); (A.C.)
| | - Nicola Virtuoso
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, Baronissi, 84081 Salerno, Italy; (C.I.); (P.V.); (P.D.P.); (V.V.); (A.S.); (N.V.); (M.C.); (G.G.); (A.C.)
| | - Michele Ciccarelli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, Baronissi, 84081 Salerno, Italy; (C.I.); (P.V.); (P.D.P.); (V.V.); (A.S.); (N.V.); (M.C.); (G.G.); (A.C.)
| | - Gennaro Galasso
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, Baronissi, 84081 Salerno, Italy; (C.I.); (P.V.); (P.D.P.); (V.V.); (A.S.); (N.V.); (M.C.); (G.G.); (A.C.)
| | - Albino Carrizzo
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, Baronissi, 84081 Salerno, Italy; (C.I.); (P.V.); (P.D.P.); (V.V.); (A.S.); (N.V.); (M.C.); (G.G.); (A.C.)
- Department of Angio-Cardio-Neurology, Vascular Physiopathology Unit, IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Isernia, Italy
| | - Carmine Vecchione
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, Baronissi, 84081 Salerno, Italy; (C.I.); (P.V.); (P.D.P.); (V.V.); (A.S.); (N.V.); (M.C.); (G.G.); (A.C.)
- Department of Angio-Cardio-Neurology, Vascular Physiopathology Unit, IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Isernia, Italy
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Phu HT, Thuan DTB, Nguyen THD, Posadino AM, Eid AH, Pintus G. Herbal Medicine for Slowing Aging and Aging-associated Conditions: Efficacy, Mechanisms and Safety. Curr Vasc Pharmacol 2020; 18:369-393. [PMID: 31418664 DOI: 10.2174/1570161117666190715121939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Aging and aging-associated diseases are issues with unsatisfactory answers in the medical field. Aging causes important physical changes which, even in the absence of the usual risk factors, render the cardiovascular system prone to some diseases. Although aging cannot be prevented, slowing down the rate of aging is entirely possible to achieve. In some traditional medicine, medicinal herbs such as Ginseng, Radix Astragali, Ganoderma lucidum, Ginkgo biloba, and Gynostemma pentaphyllum are recognized by the "nourishing of life" and their role as anti-aging phytotherapeutics is increasingly gaining attention. By mainly employing PubMed here we identify and critically analysed 30 years of published studies focusing on the above herbs' active components against aging and aging-associated conditions. Although many plant-based compounds appear to exert an anti-aging effect, the most effective resulted in being flavonoids, terpenoids, saponins, and polysaccharides, which include astragaloside, ginkgolide, ginsenoside, and gypenoside specifically covered in this review. Their effects as antiaging factors, improvers of cognitive impairments, and reducers of cardiovascular risks are described, as well as the molecular mechanisms underlying the above-mentioned effects along with their potential safety. Telomere and telomerase, PPAR-α, GLUTs, FOXO1, caspase-3, bcl-2, along with SIRT1/AMPK, PI3K/Akt, NF-κB, and insulin/insulin-like growth factor-1 pathways appear to be their preferential targets. Moreover, their ability to work as antioxidants and to improve the resistance to DNA damage is also discussed. Although our literature review indicates that these traditional herbal medicines are safe, tolerable, and free of toxic effects, additional well-designed, large-scale randomized control trials need to be performed to evaluate short- and long-term effects and efficacy of these medicinal herbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoa T Phu
- Department of Biochemistry, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue, Vietnam
| | - Duong T B Thuan
- Department of Biochemistry, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue, Vietnam
| | - Thi H D Nguyen
- Department of Physiology, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue, Vietnam
| | - Anna M Posadino
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Ali H Eid
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Gianfranco Pintus
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.,Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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Zhu M, Meng P, Ling X, Zhou L. Advancements in therapeutic drugs targeting of senescence. Ther Adv Chronic Dis 2020; 11:2040622320964125. [PMID: 33133476 PMCID: PMC7576933 DOI: 10.1177/2040622320964125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging leads to a high burden on society, both medically and economically. Cellular senescence plays an essential role in the initiation of aging and age-related diseases. Recent studies have highlighted the therapeutic value of senescent cell deletion in natural aging and many age-related disorders. However, the therapeutic strategies for manipulating cellular senescence are still at an early stage of development. Among these strategies, therapeutic drugs that target cellular senescence are arguably the most highly anticipated. Many recent studies have demonstrated that a variety of drugs exhibit healthy aging effects. In this review, we summarize different types of drugs promoting healthy aging – such as senolytics, senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) inhibitors, and nutrient signaling regulators – and provide an update on their potential therapeutic merits. Taken together, our review synthesizes recent advancements in the therapeutic potentialities of drugs promoting healthy aging with regard to their clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingsheng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ping Meng
- Department of Nephrology, Huadu District People's Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xian Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lili Zhou
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, 1838 North Guangzhou Ave, Guangzhou 510515, China
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9
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Shaher F, Qiu H, Wang S, Hu Y, Wang W, Zhang Y, Wei Y, AL-ward H, Abdulghani MAM, Alenezi SK, Baldi S, Zhou S. Associated Targets of the Antioxidant Cardioprotection of Ganoderma lucidum in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy by Using Open Targets Platform: A Systematic Review. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:7136075. [PMID: 32775437 PMCID: PMC7397440 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7136075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Even with substantial advances in cardiovascular therapy, the morbidity and mortality rates of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) continually increase. Hence, a feasible therapeutic approach is urgently needed. Objectives. This work is aimed at systemically reviewing literature and addressing cell targets in DCM through the possible cardioprotection of G. lucidum through its antioxidant effects by using the Open Targets Platform (OTP) website. Methods. The OTP website version of 19.11 was accessed in December 2019 to identify the studies in DCM involving G. lucidum. Results. Among the 157 cell targets associated with DCM, the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) was shared by all evidence, drug, and text mining data with 0.08 score association. mTOR also had the highest score association 0.1 with autophagy in DCM. Among the 1731 studies of indexed PubMed articles on G. lucidum published between 1985 and 2019, 33 addressed the antioxidant effects of G. lucidum and its molecular signal pathways involving oxidative stress and therefore were included in the current work. Conclusion. mTOR is one of the targets by DCM and can be inhibited by the antioxidative properties of G. lucidum directly via scavenging radicals and indirectly via modulating mTOR signal pathways such as Wnt signaling pathway, Erk1/2 signaling, and NF-κB pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahmi Shaher
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medicine, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Hongbin Qiu
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medicine, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Shuqiu Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medicine, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Yu Hu
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medicine, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Weiqun Wang
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medicine, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Yao Wei
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medicine, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Hisham AL-ward
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Mahfoudh A. M. Abdulghani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Unaizah College Pharmacy, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sattam Khulaif Alenezi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Unaizah College Pharmacy, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salem Baldi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, College of Basic Medicine, Dalian Medical University, China
| | - Shaobo Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical and Environmental Science and Technology, University of Bedfordshire, Luton LU1 3JU, UK
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10
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Pan Y, Lin Z. Anti-aging Effect of Ganoderma (Lingzhi) with Health and Fitness. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1182:299-309. [PMID: 31777025 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-32-9421-9_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Although Ganoderma (Lingzhi in Chinese) has been used as an elixir for thousands of years, its anti-aging effects still need to be clarified. Aging is related to immunoregulation, oxidation stress, and free radical product. Till now, Ganoderma exert life span elongation activities by inhibiting ROS production, lipid peroxidation, and advanced oxidation protein products; increasing production of mitochondrial electron transport complexes, SOD, CAT, GSH and GSH-Px, DPPH, and ABTS radical scavenger activities; and having immunomodulatory and antioxidant activity by increasing radical scavenging activity and ferric reducing antioxidant power. Ganoderma's anti-aging effect on human remains a mystery, and its potential mechanisms underlying anti-aging effect for its clinical application still need to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Pan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhibin Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.
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Geng X, Zhong D, Su L, Lin Z, Yang B. Preventive and therapeutic effect of Ganoderma lucidum on kidney injuries and diseases. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2019; 87:257-276. [PMID: 32089235 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2019.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ganoderma lucidum (G. lucidum, Lingzhi) is a well-known Chinese traditional medicine to improve health and to treat numerous diseases for over 2000 years in Asian countries. G. lucidum has the abundant chemical components such as triterpenes and polysaccharides, which have various biological activities including anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation, anti-liver disorders, anti-tumor growth and metastasis, etc. Recently, many lines of studies have elucidated the therapeutic effects of G. lucidum and its extractions on various acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) pathogenesis, including autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease, diabetic nephropathy, renal proximal tubular cell oxidative damage and fibrotic process, renal ischemia reperfusion injury, cisplatin-induced renal injury, adriamycin-induced nephropathy, chronic proteinuric renal diseases, etc. Clinical researches also showed potent anti-renal disease bioactivities of G. lucidum. In this chapter, we review experimental and clinical researches and provide comprehensive insights into the renoprotective effects of G. lucidum. In recent years, renal diseases have gradually aroused attention on account of their booming prevalence worldwide and lack of effective therapies. Although the complicated pathogenesis of kidney diseases, such as acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney diseases (CKD) have been intensively studied. The morbidity and mortality of AKI and CKD still rise continuously. Thanks to the conventional experience and the multi-target characteristics, natural products have been increasingly recognized as an alternative source for treating renal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiang Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Dandan Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Limin Su
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Zhibin Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Baoxue Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.
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Hu S, Huang J, Pei S, Ouyang Y, Ding Y, Jiang L, Lu J, Kang L, Huang L, Xiang H, Xiao R, Zeng Q, Chen J. Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide inhibits UVB-induced melanogenesis by antagonizing cAMP/PKA and ROS/MAPK signaling pathways. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:7330-7340. [PMID: 30362532 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV)-induced pigmentation is very common in clinical practice, but the current treatments are rarely effective, accompanied by some side effects. Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide (GLP) is a natural antioxidant with no toxic side effects, which can antagonize UVB-induced fibroblast photo aging. The study aims to explore the role of GLP in inhibiting UVB-induced melanogenesis and its possible mechanism. The expression of melanogenesis genes such as microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), tyrosine (TYR), tyrosinase related protein 1 (TYRP1), tyrosinase related protein 2 (TYRP2), ras-related protein Rab-27A (Rab27A), and Myosin shows an upward trend after exposure of B16F10 and PIG1 cells to UVB irradiation, but GLP can downregulate the expression of genes related to UVB-induced melanogenesis. GLP can inhibit UVB-activated protein kinase A (PKA) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways. Besides, GLP protects mitochondria from UVB damage and inhibits reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Also, UVB-induced cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) can be inhibited. It has been found in the experiments of UVB-induced skin pigmentation in zebrafish that GLP is capable of inhibiting UVB-induced skin pigmentation. Meanwhile, it can greatly relieve erythema reaction in guinea pig skin caused by high-dosage UVB irradiation. In conclusion, this study shows that GLP can inhibit UVB-induced melanogenesis by antagonizing cAMP/PKA and ROS/MAPK signaling pathways and is a potential natural safe whitening sunscreen additive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuanghai Hu
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jinhua Huang
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shiyao Pei
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yujie Ouyang
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yufang Ding
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ling Jiang
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jianyun Lu
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Liyang Kang
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lihua Huang
- Central Laboratory, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hong Xiang
- Central Laboratory, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Rong Xiao
- Department of Dermatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qinghai Zeng
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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The Role of Na/K-ATPase Signaling in Oxidative Stress Related to Aging: Implications in Obesity and Cardiovascular Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19072139. [PMID: 30041449 PMCID: PMC6073138 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19072139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging has been associated with a series of pathophysiological processes causing general decline in the overall health of the afflicted population. The cumulative line of evidence suggests an important role of oxidative stress in the development and progression of the aging process and metabolic abnormalities, exacerbating adipocyte dysfunction, cardiovascular diseases, and associated complications at the same time. In recent years, robust have established the implication of Na/K-ATPase signaling in causing oxidative stress and alterations in cellular mechanisms, in addition to its distinct pumping function. Understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms and exploring the possible sources of pro-oxidants may allow for developing therapeutic targets in these processes and formulate novel intervention strategies for patients susceptible to aging and associated complications, such as obesity and cardiovascular disease. The attenuation of oxidative stress with targeted treatment options can improve patient outcomes and significantly reduce economic burden.
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Wang J, Cao B, Zhao H, Feng J. Emerging Roles of Ganoderma Lucidum in Anti-Aging. Aging Dis 2017; 8:691-707. [PMID: 29344411 PMCID: PMC5758346 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2017.0410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ganoderma lucidum is a white-rot fungus that has been viewed as a traditional Chinese tonic for promoting health and longevity. It has been revealed that several extractions from Ganoderma lucidum, such as Ethanol extract, aqueous extract, mycelia extract, water soluble extract of the culture medium of Ganoderma lucidum mycelia, Ganodermasides A, B, C, D, and some bioactive components of Ganoderma lucidum, including Reishi Polysaccharide Fraction 3, Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides I, II, III, IV, Ganoderma lucidum peptide, Ganoderma polysaccharide peptide, total G. lucidum triterpenes and Ganoderic acid C1 could exert lifespan elongation or related activities. Although the use of Ganoderma lucidum as an elixir has been around for thousands of years, studies revealing its effect of lifespan extension are only the tip of the iceberg. Besides which, the kinds of extractions or components being comfrimed to be anti-aging are too few compared with the large amounts of Ganoderma lucidum extractions or constituients being discovered. This review aims to lay the ground for fully elucidating the potential mechanisms of Ganoderma lucidum underlying anti-aging effect and its clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jue Wang
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China
- Cerebrovascular Diseases Research Institute, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Bin Cao
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Haiping Zhao
- Cerebrovascular Diseases Research Institute, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Juan Feng
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China
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Ajith TA, Jayakumar TG. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors in cardiac energy metabolism and cardiovascular disease. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2017; 43:649-58. [PMID: 27115677 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cardiomyocytes mainly depend on energy produced from the oxidation of fatty acids and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Shortage of energy or excessive fat accumulation can lead to cardiac disorders. High saturated fat intake and a sedentary life style have a major influence in the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), one of the nuclear receptor super family members, play critical role in the metabolism of lipids by regulating their oxidation and storage. Furthermore, they are involved in glucose homeostasis as well. PPARs, mainly alpha (α) and beta/delta (β/δ), have a significant effect on the lipid metabolism and anti-inflammation in endothelial cells (ECs), vascular smooth muscle cells, and also in cardiomyocytes. Pro-inflammatory cytokines, mainly tumour necrosis factor-α, released at the site of inflammation in the sub-ECs of coronary arteries can inactivate the PPARs which can eventually lead to decreased energy production in the myocardium. Various synthetic ligands of PPAR-α and β/δ have many favourable effects in modulating the vascular diseases and heart failure. Despite the adverse effects from therapy using PPAR- gamma ligands, several laboratories are now focused on synthesizing partial activators which may combine their beneficial effects with lowering of undesirable side effects. This review discusses the role of isoforms of PPAR in the cardiomyocytes energy balance and CVD. The knowledge will help in the synthesis of ligands for their partial activation in order to render energy balance and protection from CVD.
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Levin RM, Xia L, Wei W, Schuler C, Leggett RE, Lin ADY. Effects of Ganoderma Lucidum shell-broken spore on oxidative stress of the rabbit urinary bladder using an in vivo model of ischemia/reperfusion. Mol Cell Biochem 2017; 435:25-35. [PMID: 28484937 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-017-3053-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays an important role in specific disease pathophysiology and the aging process. In the history of human kind, many herbs were utilized for disease prevention and anti-aging treatment. However, there are few direct evidences provided by modern laboratory technology. The current study was designed to evaluate Ganoderma Lucidum's (GL) ability to reduce the damage from in vivo ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) using a rabbit model of I/R that has been effectively utilized to prove the effects of drugs and supplements to reduce oxidative stress. Urinary bladder dysfunction secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a major affliction of aging men. One of the major etiologies of obstructive bladder dysfunction (OBD) is oxidative stress induced by I/R. Pharmaceutical studies and clinical research have proven that GL is useful in helping to prevent certain types of pathology and also helpful in prolonging human life in part by acting as an antioxidant. Using an in vivo model of I/R, we have investigated the ability of GL to protect bladder function from oxidative damage mediated by I/R. Our studies demonstrated that ischemia followed by reperfusion resulted in a significant decrease in bladder compliance and decreases in the contractile responses to a variety of forms of contractile stimulation. Pretreatment of rabbits with Ganoderma Lucidum prior to subjecting the rabbits to I/R completely inhibited the negative effects of I/R on both the compliance and contractile responses. These results demonstrate that Ganoderma provides excellent protection of bladder function following I/R (oxidative stress).
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Levin
- Stratton VA Medical Center, Albany, NY, 12208, USA.
- Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Science, Albany, NY, USA.
| | - Li Xia
- Beijing Tong Ren Tang Chinese Medicine Co., LTD., Beijing, China
| | - Wu Wei
- Beijing Tong Ren Tang Chinese Medicine Co., LTD., Beijing, China
| | | | | | - Alpha D-Y Lin
- Beijing Tong Ren Tang Chinese Medicine Co., LTD., Beijing, China
- The Central-Clinic Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Urology Department, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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17
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Ashok BS, Ajith TA, Sivanesan S. Hypoxia-inducible factors as neuroprotective agent in Alzheimer's disease. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2017; 44:327-334. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ben Sundra Ashok
- Department of Biochemistry; Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute; Sri Ramachandra University; Chennai Tamil Nadu India
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18
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Heemann FM, da Silva ACA, Salomon TB, Putti JS, Engers VK, Hackenhaar FS, Benfato MS. Redox changes in the brains of reproductive female rats during aging. Exp Gerontol 2016; 87:8-15. [PMID: 27871821 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2016.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Reproduction is a critical and demanding phase of an animal's life. In mammals, females usually invest much more in parental care than males, and lactation is the most energetically demanding period of a female's life. Here, we tested whether oxidative stress is a consequence of reproduction in the brains of female Wistar rats. We evaluated the activities of glutathione peroxidase, glutathione S-transferase, and superoxide dismutase; H2O2 consumption; protein carbonylation; NO2 & NO3 levels; and total glutathione, as well as sex hormone levels in brain tissue of animals at 3, 6, 12, and 24months of age. Animals were grouped according to reproductive experience: breeders or non-breeders. Most of the studied parameters showed a difference between non-breeders and breeders at 12 and 24months. At 24months of age, breeders showed higher superoxide dismutase activity, H2O2 consumption, glutathione peroxidase activity, and carbonyl levels than non-breeders. In 12-month-old non-breeders, we observed a higher level of H2O2 consumption and higher superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities than breeders. By evaluating the correlation network, we found that there were a larger number of influential nodes and positive links in breeder animals than in non-breeders, indicating a greater number of redox changes in breeder animals. Here, we also demonstrated that the aging process caused higher oxidative damage and higher antioxidant defenses in the brains of breeder female rats at 24months, suggesting that the reproduction process is costly, at least for the female brain. This study shows that there is a strong potential for a link between the cost of reproduction and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Maciel Heemann
- Laboratório de Estresse Oxidativo, Departamento de Biofísica, IB, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Almeida da Silva
- Laboratório de Estresse Oxidativo, Departamento de Biofísica, IB, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Tiago Boeira Salomon
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Laboratório de Estresse Oxidativo, Departamento de Biofísica, IB, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Jordana Salete Putti
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Laboratório de Estresse Oxidativo, Departamento de Biofísica, IB, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Krüger Engers
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Laboratório de Estresse Oxidativo, Departamento de Biofísica, IB, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Schäfer Hackenhaar
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Laboratório de Estresse Oxidativo, Departamento de Biofísica, IB, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Mara Silveira Benfato
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Laboratório de Estresse Oxidativo, Departamento de Biofísica, IB, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Protective Effects of Carvacrol against Oxidative Stress Induced by Chronic Stress in Rat's Brain, Liver, and Kidney. Biochem Res Int 2016; 2016:2645237. [PMID: 26904286 PMCID: PMC4745576 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2645237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Revised: 12/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Restraint stress may be associated with elevated free radicals, and thus, chronic exposure to oxidative stress may cause tissue damage. Several studies have reported that carvacrol (CAR) has a protective effect against oxidative stress. The present study was designed to investigate the protective effects of CAR on restraint stress induced oxidative stress damage in the brain, liver, and kidney. For chronic restraint stress, rats were kept in the restrainers for 6 h every day, for 21 consecutive days. The animals received systemic administrations of CAR daily for 21 days. To evaluate the changes of the oxidative stress parameters following restraint stress, the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), and catalase (CAT) activities were measured in the brain, liver, and kidney. In the stressed animals that received vehicle, the MDA level was significantly higher (P < 0.001) and the levels of GSH and antioxidant enzymes were significantly lower than the nonstressed animals (P < 0.001). CAR ameliorated the changes in the stressed animals as compared with the control group (P < 0.001). This study indicates that CAR can prevent restraint stress induced oxidative damage.
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Zhang H, Davies KJA, Forman HJ. Oxidative stress response and Nrf2 signaling in aging. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 88:314-336. [PMID: 26066302 PMCID: PMC4628850 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 573] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Revised: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Increasing oxidative stress, a major characteristic of aging, has been implicated in a variety of age-related pathologies. In aging, oxidant production from several sources is increased, whereas antioxidant enzymes, the primary lines of defense, are decreased. Repair systems, including the proteasomal degradation of damaged proteins, also decline. Importantly, the adaptive response to oxidative stress declines with aging. Nrf2/EpRE signaling regulates the basal and inducible expression of many antioxidant enzymes and the proteasome. Nrf2/EpRE activity is regulated at several levels, including transcription, posttranslation, and interactions with other proteins. This review summarizes current studies on age-related impairment of Nrf2/EpRE function and discusses the changes in Nrf2 regulatory mechanisms with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongqiao Zhang
- Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology
| | - Kelvin J A Davies
- Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology; Division of Molecular & Computational Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, The University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0191, USA
| | - Henry Jay Forman
- Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology; School of Natural Science, University of California at Merced, Merced, CA 95344, USA.
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Cebe T, Yanar K, Atukeren P, Ozan T, Kuruç AI, Kunbaz A, Sitar ME, Mengi M, Aydın MŞ, Eşrefoğlu M, Aydın S, Çakatay U. A comprehensive study of myocardial redox homeostasis in naturally and mimetically aged rats. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2014; 36:9728. [PMID: 25384832 PMCID: PMC4226800 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-014-9728-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Age-related myocardial dysfunction has important implications with impaired redox homeostasis. Current study focused on investigation of redox homeostasis and histopathological changes in the myocardium of mimetically (MA), naturally aged (NA), and young control (YC) rats. Chronic D-galactose administration to young male Wistar rats (5 months old) was used to set up experimental aging models. We investigated 16 different oxidative damage biomarkers which have evaluated redox homeostasis of cellular macromolecules such as protein, lipid, and DNA. As a protein oxidation biomarker, advanced oxidation end products, protein carbonyl groups, protein-bound advanced glycation end products, dityrosine, kynurenine, and N-formylkynurenine concentrations in MA and NA rats were found to be significantly higher compared to those in YC rats. On the other hand, the levels of protein thiol groups were not significantly different between groups, whereas lipid peroxidation biomarkers such as conjugated diens, lipid hydroperoxides, and malondialdehyde in MA and NA rats were found to be significantly higher in comparison to those in YCs. For the assessment of oxidative DNA damage, we analyzed eight hydroxy-5'-deoxyguanosine concentrations of MA and NA groups which were higher than YCs. As an antioxidant status in the MA and NA groups, Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase, ferric reducing antioxidant power, and total thiol levels were lower than those in the YCs. Only nonprotein thiol levels were not significantly different. We also observed similar histopathological changes in MA and NA rats. We concluded that the mimetic aging model could be considered as a reliable experimental model for myocardial senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamer Cebe
- />Basic Sciences, Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Karolin Yanar
- />Department of Medical Biochemistry, Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, 34098 Fatih, Istanbul Turkey
| | - Pınar Atukeren
- />Department of Medical Biochemistry, Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, 34098 Fatih, Istanbul Turkey
| | - Tuna Ozan
- />Basic Sciences, Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Aylin Irmak Kuruç
- />Basic Sciences, Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahmad Kunbaz
- />Basic Sciences, Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Erinç Sitar
- />Department of Medical Biochemistry, Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, 34098 Fatih, Istanbul Turkey
| | - Murat Mengi
- />Department of Physiology, Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Şerif Aydın
- />Department of Histology and Embryology, Bezmialem Vakif University Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mukaddes Eşrefoğlu
- />Department of Histology and Embryology, Bezmialem Vakif University Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Seval Aydın
- />Department of Medical Biochemistry, Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, 34098 Fatih, Istanbul Turkey
| | - Ufuk Çakatay
- />Department of Medical Biochemistry, Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, 34098 Fatih, Istanbul Turkey
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Samarghandian S, Azimi-Nezhad M, Samini F. Preventive effect of safranal against oxidative damage in aged male rat brain. Exp Anim 2014; 64:65-71. [PMID: 25312506 PMCID: PMC4329517 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.14-0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
An imbalance between production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and its elimination by antioxidant defense system in the body has been implicated for causes of aging and neurodegenerative diseases. This study was design to assess the changes in activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), catalase), lipid peroxidation and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels in the brain of 2, 10 and 20 month old rats, and to determine the effect of safranal on the status of selected oxidative stress indices in the 10 and 20 month old rats. The aged rats (10 and 20 months) were given intraperitoneal injections of safranal (0.5 mg/kg day) daily for one month. The results of this study demonstrated that aging caused significant increase in the level of lipid peroxidation as well decrease in the GSH level and activities of SOD and GST in the brain of aging rats. The results of this study showed that safranal ameliorated the increased lipid peroxidation level as well as decreased GSH content of the brain of 10 and 20 month old rats. In addition, safranal treatment to the 20 month old rats, which restored the SOD and GST activities. In conclusion, safranal can be effective to protect susceptible aged brain from oxidative damage by increasing antioxidant defenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Samarghandian
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
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Zárate-Chaves CA, Romero-Rodríguez MC, Niño-Arias FC, Robles-Camargo J, Linares-Linares M, Rodríguez-Bocanegra MX, Gutiérrez-Rojas I. Optimizing a culture medium for biomass and phenolic compounds production using Ganoderma lucidum. Braz J Microbiol 2013; 44:215-23. [PMID: 24159308 PMCID: PMC3804202 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-83822013005000032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2011] [Accepted: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The present work was aimed at optimizing a culture medium for biomass production and phenolic compounds by using Ganoderma lucidum. The culture was optimized in two stages; a Plackett-Burman design was used in the first one for identifying key components in the medium and a central composite design was used in the second one for optimizing their concentration. Both responses (biomass and phenolic compounds) were simultaneously optimized by the latter methodology regarding desirability, and the optimal concentrations obtained were 50.00 g/L sucrose, 13.29 g/L yeast extract and 2.99 g/L olive oil. Maximum biomass production identified in these optimal conditions was 9.5 g/L and that for phenolic compounds was 0.0452 g/L, this being 100% better than that obtained in the media usually used in the laboratory. Similar patterns regarding chemical characterization and biological activity towards Aspergillus sp., from both fruiting body and mycelium-derived secondary metabolites and extracts obtained in the proposed medium were observed. It was shown that such statistical methodologies are useful for optimizing fermentation and, in the specific case of G. lucidum, optimizing processes for its production and its metabolites in submerged culture as an alternative to traditional culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Andrés Zárate-Chaves
- Unidad de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
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Sudheesh NP, Ajith TA, Janardhanan KK. Hepatoprotective effects of DL-α-lipoic acid and α-Tocopherol through amelioration of the mitochondrial oxidative stress in acetaminophen challenged rats. Toxicol Mech Methods 2013; 23:368-76. [PMID: 23343353 DOI: 10.3109/15376516.2013.769289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP) is known to induce liver mitochondrial dysfunction leading to acute hepatotoxicity. Effect of DL-α-lipoic acid (LA) and α-tocopherol (α-Toc) against the APAP-induced liver mitochondrial damage was evaluated in rats. LA (100 mg/kg, p.o.) and α-Toc (100 mg/kg, p.o.) were given once daily for 15 d, prior to the APAP administration (3 g/kg, p.o). Hepatic damage was confirmed by determining the activities of serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase, serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase and alkaline phosphatase, 4 h after the single dose of APAP. To assess the mitochondrial damage, the activities of antioxidant enzymes, Krebs' cycle dehydrogenases and mitochondrial electron transport chain complexes, and levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), reduced glutathione, lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde, MDA) as well as the mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψmt) were evaluated. The activities of mitochondrial enzymes and Δψmt were significantly (p < 0.01) decreased and the level of ROS and MDA were significantly (p < 0.01) increased due to APAP challenge. LA and α-Toc treatment significantly enhanced the activities of mitochondrial enzymes and Δψmt than that of control group; whereas the levels of ROS and MDA were decreased. The results of the study concluded that the liver damage induced by APAP was significantly ameliorated by LA and α-Toc. LA showed more protection than that of α-Toc. The protection can be partially ascribed to their mitochondrial protective effects through their antioxidant activity which could decrease the level of ROS and by direct enhancement of Δψmt.
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Affiliation(s)
- N P Sudheesh
- Department of Microbiology, Amala Cancer Research Centre, Thrissur, Kerala, India
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Protective effects of Ganoderma lucidum spore on cadmium hepatotoxicity in mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 52:171-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2011] [Revised: 05/20/2012] [Accepted: 05/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Farahmand SK, Samini F, Samini M, Samarghandian S. Safranal ameliorates antioxidant enzymes and suppresses lipid peroxidation and nitric oxide formation in aged male rat liver. Biogerontology 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10522-012-9409-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Wu G, Qian Z, Guo J, Hu D, Bao J, Xie J, Xu W, Lu J, Chen X, Wang Y. Ganoderma lucidum Extract Induces G1 Cell Cycle Arrest, and Apoptosis in Human Breast Cancer Cells. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2012; 40:631-42. [DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x12500474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Ganoderma lucidum (Fr.) Karst is a traditional Chinese herb that has been widely used for centuries to treat various diseases including cancer. Herein, an ethanol-soluble and acidic component (ESAC), which mainly contains triterpenes, was prepared from G. lucidum and its anti-tumor effects in vitro were tested on human breast cancer cells. Our results showed that ESAC reduced the cell viability of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells in a concentration-dependent manner with IC50 of about 100 μg/mL and 60 μg/mL, respectively. DNA damage was detected by Comet assay and the increased expression of γ-H2AX after ESAC treatment was determined in MCF-7 cells. Moreover, ESAC effectively mediated G1 cell cycle arrest in both concentration- and time-dependent manners and induced apoptosis as determined by Hoechst staining, DNA fragment assay and Western blot analysis in MCF-7 cells. In conclusion, ESAC exerts anti-proliferation effects by inducing DNA damage, G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guosheng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, (University of Macau), Macau, China
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Zhengming Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, (University of Macau), Macau, China
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Jiajie Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, (University of Macau), Macau, China
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Dejun Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, (University of Macau), Macau, China
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Jiaolin Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, (University of Macau), Macau, China
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Jing Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, (University of Macau), Macau, China
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Wenshan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, (University of Macau), Macau, China
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Jinjian Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, (University of Macau), Macau, China
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Xiuping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, (University of Macau), Macau, China
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Yitao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, (University of Macau), Macau, China
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
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Sudheesh NP, Ajith TA, Mathew J, Nima N, Janardhanan KK. Ganoderma lucidum protects liver mitochondrial oxidative stress and improves the activity of electron transport chain in carbon tetrachloride intoxicated rats. Hepatol Res 2012; 42:181-91. [PMID: 22050471 DOI: 10.1111/j.1872-034x.2011.00906.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
AIM Liver injuries induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4) ) cause mitochondrial stress and disruption of membrane potential resulting in apoptosis. In this study, we evaluated the effects of Ganoderma lucidum against CCl(4) (1:5 v/v in paraffin oil, 1.5 mL/kg, i.p) induced deterioration of the activities of mitochondrial enzymes and electron transport chain complexes in the liver mitochondria. METHODS Ganoderma lucidum (100 and 250 mg/kg) was administered once daily for 15 days prior to the CCl(4) administration. α-Tocopherol (100 mg/kg, p.o.) was used as the standard. Hepatic damage was assessed by determining the activities of serum transaminases (SGPT and SGOT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), 24 h after CCl(4) injection. The activities of mitochondrial dehydrogenases as well as mitochondrial complexes I, II, III, and IV were evaluated. RESULTS Activities of SGPT, SGOT and ALP were significantly (P < 0.01) elevated whereas, the activities of mitochondrial enzymes were significantly (P < 0.01) decreased by the CCl(4) challenge. The mitochondrial reactive oxygen species level was enhanced and mitochondrial membrane potential was declined significantly. Administration of G. lucidum significantly and dose independently protected liver mitochondria. CONCLUSION The findings suggest that protective effect of G. lucidum against hepatic damage could be mediated by ameliorating the oxidative stress; restoring the mitochondrial enzyme activities and membrane potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narayana Panicker Sudheesh
- Department of Microbiology, Amala Cancer Research Centre Department of Biochemistry, Amala Institute of Medical Sciences, Amala Nagar, Thrissur, Kerala, India
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Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides reduce methotrexate-induced small intestinal damage in mice via induction of epithelial cell proliferation and migration. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2011; 32:1505-12. [PMID: 22019957 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2011.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To study the effects of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides (Gl-PS) on methotrexate (MTX)-induced small intestinal damage in mice and the underlying mechanisms. METHODS BALB/c mice were used for in vivo study. The mice were administered with Gl-PS (50, 100, or 200 mg/kg, ig) for 10 d, and injected with MTX (50 mg/kg, ip) on d 7 and 8 to induce intestinal damage, and then sacrificed on d 11 for morphological study and tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) measurements. Before sacrificing, blood samples were collected to analyze immunoglobulin A (IgA). Rat intestinal IEC-6 cells were used for in vitro study. Cell proliferation and migration were assessed using MTT method and an in vitro wounding model, respectively. Transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) protein expression was determined using ELISA assay. Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) and c-Myc mRNA expression profiles were determined using RT-PCR. RESULTS MTX treatment caused severe mucosal damage, significantly increased small intestine MDA levels, and decreased SOD and serum IgA levels in BALB/c mice. Gl-PS (100 and 200 mg/kg) markedly reversed the MTX effects. In IEC-6 cells, Gl-PS (0.1, 1, and 10 μg/mL) significantly stimulated the cell proliferation. Furthermore, Gl-PS (10 μg/mL) significantly stimulated the cell migration. In addition, Gl-PS (10 and 20 μg/mL) significantly increased the expression of ODC and c-Myc mRNAs. However, Gl-PS (up to 20 μg/mL) had no effect on the expression of TGFβ protein. CONCLUSION The results suggest that Gl-PS protects small intestine against MTX-induced injury via induction of epithelial cell proliferation and migration.
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La Clair JJ, Rheingold AL, Burkart MD. Ganodone, a bioactive benzofuran from the fruiting bodies of Ganoderma tsugae. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2011; 74:2045-2051. [PMID: 21939217 DOI: 10.1021/np200361y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Extracts of Ganoderma tsugae, also known as the Hemlock varnish shelf mushroom, and related Reishi mushrooms are well documented in traditional Chinese medicine. Several Ganoderma sp. are currently cultivated for use in coffee, teas, and dietary supplements. We now report on the isolation and characterization of an unprecedented benzofuran, ganodone (1), from the fruiting bodies of mature growth G. tsugae. This discovery provides a key next step in evaluating the active components in their associated herbal supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J La Clair
- Xenobe Research Institute, P.O. Box 3052, San Diego, California 92163-1052, United States.
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Kumar P, Kale RK, Baquer NZ. Estradiol modulates membrane-linked ATPases, antioxidant enzymes, membrane fluidity, lipid peroxidation, and lipofuscin in aged rat liver. J Aging Res 2011; 2011:580245. [PMID: 22007298 PMCID: PMC3191768 DOI: 10.4061/2011/580245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2011] [Revised: 05/11/2011] [Accepted: 07/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Free radical production and oxidative stress are known to increase in liver during aging, and may contribute to the oxidative damage. These changes increase during menopausal condition in females when the level of estradiol is decreased. The objective of this study was to observe the changes in activities of membrane linked ATPases (Na+K+ ATPase, Ca2+ ATPase), antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, glutathione-S-transferase), lipid peroxidation levels, lipofuscin content and membrane fluidity occurring in livers of female rats of 3, 12 and 24 months age groups, and to see whether these changes are restored to 3 months control levels rats after exogenous administration of 17-β-estradiol (E2). The aged rats (12 and 24 months) were given subcutaneous injection of E2 (0.1 μg/g body weight) daily for one month. The results obtained in the present work revealed that normal aging was associated with significant decrease in the activities of membrane linked ATPases, antioxidant enzymes, membrane fluidity and an increase in lipid peroxidation and lipofuscin content in livers of aging female rats. The present study showed that E2 treatment reversed the changes to normal levels. E2 treatment may be beneficial in preventing some of the age related changes in the liver by increasing antioxidant defenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pardeep Kumar
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, 110067 New Delhi, India
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Sudheesh NP, Ajith TA, Janardhanan KK. Ganoderma lucidum ameliorate mitochondrial damage in isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction in rats by enhancing the activities of TCA cycle enzymes and respiratory chain complexes. Int J Cardiol 2011; 165:117-25. [PMID: 21864918 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2011.07.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2011] [Revised: 06/20/2011] [Accepted: 07/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Decreased mitochondrial function has been suggested to be one of the important pathological events in isoproterenol (ISO)-induced cardiotoxicity. In this communication, we have evaluated the protective effect of Ganoderma lucidum against ISO induced cardiac toxicity and mitochondrial dysfunction. METHODS Cardiac toxicity was assessed by determining the activities of creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenases (LDH) after subcutaneous injection of ISO (85 mg/kg) at an interval of 24h for 2 days. The animals were sacrificed 24h after last ISO administration. G. lucidum (100 and 250 mg/kg, p.o.) was given to the rats once daily for 15 days prior to the ISO challenge. Similarly, α-Tocopherol (100mg/kg, p.o) was kept as the standard. To assess the extent of cardiac mitochondrial damage, the activities of Krebs cycle dehydrogenases and mitochondrial complexes I, II, III, and IV as well as the level of ROS and mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨmt) were evaluated. RESULTS Administration of G. lucidum and α-tocopherol significantly protected the elevated activities of CK and LDH. Further, the activities of mitochondrial enzymes and the level of ΔΨmt were significantly enhanced and the level of ROS was significantly declined in the G. lucidum and α-tocopherol treatments. CONCLUSION The present study concluded that the cardiac mitochondrial enzymes are markedly declined by the ISO challenge and the administration G. lucidum and α-Tocopherol significantly protected mitochondria by preventing the decline of antioxidant status and ΔΨmt or by directly scavenging the free radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- N P Sudheesh
- Department of Microbiology, Amala Cancer Research Centre, Amala Nagar, Thrissur, Kerala 680 555, India
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