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Younos MA, Embaby EM. Natural Occurrence of Fungi and Aflatoxins Associated Sugarcane Plant and Sugarcane Juice and Their Control. Indian J Microbiol 2024; 64:500-510. [PMID: 39010989 PMCID: PMC11246331 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-023-01171-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Sugarcane is one of the most important crops in the world. It is also considered the most popular fresh juice in Egypt. The sugar content of the sugarcane stem represents the main source of fungal growth. This study aimed to investigate the natural co-occurrence of fungi in sugarcane plants and juice, test of aflatoxins production by aflatoxigenic fungi, and improve the quality of sugarcane juice. The obtained results indicated a notable decrease in all physical parameters of the naturally infected sugarcane plants. Isolation of fungi from sugarcane plant and juice from three localities revealed that the highest mean fungal count was recorded in sugarcane rootlets (173.55 cfu/cm), followed by sugarcane stem (94.88 cfu/cm), while sugarcane juice had the least mean fungal count (24.33 cfu/mL). The frequency of the isolated fungi associated with sugarcane plant yielded 781 fungal isolates for rootlets, 427 fungal isolates for stems, and 219 fungal isolates for juice. Four isolates of Aspergillus parasiticus were aflatoxins producers. Higher aflatoxin quantity (1434.92 ng/mL) was produced by A. parasiticus (isolate No. 21) from sugarcane stem, while A. parasiticus (isolate No. 5) from sugarcane juice was less aflatoxins producer (276.95 ng/mL). On the other hand, lemon juice showed a significant reduction effect on the fungal count of peeled and non-peeled sugarcane juice. In which the highest reduction percent of the fungal count was recorded with 20% conc. of lemon on peeled sugarcane juice (36.04%).The obtained results concluded that lemon juice was found to decrease the fungal contaminants and improve the quality of sugarcane juice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa A Younos
- Food Toxicology and Contaminants Department, Food Industry and Nutrition Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Postal Code 12622 Egypt
| | - E M Embaby
- Plant Pathology Department, Agriculture and Biological Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Postal Code 12622 Egypt
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Chung JW, Kim JE, Nam YE, Kim WS, Lee I, Yim SV, Kwon O. Eight-week supplementation of Aronia berry extract promoted the glutathione defence system against acute aerobic exercise-induced oxidative load immediately and 30 min post-exercise in healthy adults: a double-blind, randomised controlled trial. J Hum Nutr Diet 2023; 36:1589-1599. [PMID: 36727618 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.13150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Food antioxidants have received prompt attention for controlling oxidative stress encountered in daily life. This study aimed to examine the protective effects of Aronia berry extract (ABE) supplementation on acute aerobic exercise (AAE)-induced oxidative stress in healthy subjects. METHODS We assessed a battery of antioxidant defence and oxidative stress parameters at pre-exercise, immediately post-exercise and 30 min post-exercise in healthy middle-aged adults with habitually low intakes of fruit and vegetables in an 8-week, double-blind, randomised, controlled clinical trial with two arms (n = 70). The AAE challenge model, characterised as a treadmill exercise for 30 min at 60% VO2 maximum, was applied to load oxidative stress at the end of the study. Pearson's correlation analysis assessed the association between the changes in antioxidant defence capacities and oxidative stress levels. RESULTS The time-course-dependent oxidative stress was well observed in the placebo group regarding the glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity and the reduced glutathione (GSH) availability for antioxidant defence and erythrocyte malondialdehyde, interleukin-6 and lactate levels for oxidative damage. Meanwhile, the ABE supplementation effectively strengthened the glutathione defence system by increasing GSH availability and GPx activity immediately post-exercise and 30 min post-exercise. In addition, the scatter plot and linear regression analysis revealed strong negative correlations of GSH availability with oxidised low-density lipoprotein and plasma malonaldehyde levels. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that daily supplementation of 300 mg ABE might help boost GSH levels and an adaptive antioxidant enzyme defence system of erythrocytes in healthy adults with habitually low fruit and vegetable intakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Won Chung
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji-Eon Kim
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yea-Eun Nam
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Woo-Shik Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Insoo Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung-Vin Yim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Oran Kwon
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
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Liu S, Li S, Ho CT. Dietary bioactives and essential oils of lemon and lime fruits. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2022.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Varesi A, Chirumbolo S, Campagnoli LIM, Pierella E, Piccini GB, Carrara A, Ricevuti G, Scassellati C, Bonvicini C, Pascale A. The Role of Antioxidants in the Interplay between Oxidative Stress and Senescence. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:1224. [PMID: 35883714 PMCID: PMC9311946 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11071224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence is an irreversible state of cell cycle arrest occurring in response to stressful stimuli, such as telomere attrition, DNA damage, reactive oxygen species, and oncogenic proteins. Although beneficial and protective in several physiological processes, an excessive senescent cell burden has been involved in various pathological conditions including aging, tissue dysfunction and chronic diseases. Oxidative stress (OS) can drive senescence due to a loss of balance between pro-oxidant stimuli and antioxidant defences. Therefore, the identification and characterization of antioxidant compounds capable of preventing or counteracting the senescent phenotype is of major interest. However, despite the considerable number of studies, a comprehensive overview of the main antioxidant molecules capable of counteracting OS-induced senescence is still lacking. Here, besides a brief description of the molecular mechanisms implicated in OS-mediated aging, we review and discuss the role of enzymes, mitochondria-targeting compounds, vitamins, carotenoids, organosulfur compounds, nitrogen non-protein molecules, minerals, flavonoids, and non-flavonoids as antioxidant compounds with an anti-aging potential, therefore offering insights into innovative lifespan-extending approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelica Varesi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Almo Collegio Borromeo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Salvatore Chirumbolo
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37129 Verona, Italy;
| | | | - Elisa Pierella
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK;
| | | | - Adelaide Carrara
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Ricevuti
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Catia Scassellati
- Biological Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, 25123 Brescia, Italy;
| | - Cristian Bonvicini
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, 25123 Brescia, Italy;
| | - Alessia Pascale
- Department of Drug Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
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Kim J, Tan LJ, Jung H, Roh Y, Lim K, Shin S. Association between fruit and vegetable consumption and metabolic syndrome in South Korean adults: does multivitamin use matter? Epidemiol Health 2022; 44:e2022039. [DOI: 10.4178/epih.e2022039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Wilken MR, Lambert MNT, Christensen CB, Jeppesen PB. Effects of Anthocyanin-rich Berries on the Risk of Metabolic Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Rev Diabet Stud 2022; 18:42-57. [PMID: 35300756 PMCID: PMC9382680 DOI: 10.1900/rds.2022.18.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) can lead to fatal complications, including cardiovascular disease. Emerging evidence suggests has emerged that increased fruit and vegetable intake and decreased intake of saturated fats, simple sugars, and processed foods can improve cardiovascular
health. Anthocyanins (color pigments) have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant capacities but are of low bioavailability. In this systematic review and metaanalysis, we investigate the possible beneficial effects of the intake of berries high in anthocyanins on MetS risk factors. We also investigate
the influences of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), lowdensity lipoprotein (LDL), triglycerides (TG), and total cholesterol (TC). METHODS: We identified 2,274 articles from PUBMED and EMBASE following a search input designed to include studies of interest of these, 21 met inclusion criteria.
RESULTS: The studies showed an overall reduction in low-density lipoprotein (p=0.04). Increases in HDL were found with cranberry and freeze-dried berry intake during a 4-6-week intervention. No statistically significant findings were detected for fasting glucose, Hb1Ac, insulin levels,
blood pressure, oxidized LDL (OX-LDL), BMI, and overall HDL. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude from this systematic review and meta-analysis that increased berry intake improves MetS key risk factors and reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease. Pronounced effects were apparent for concentrated
berry products, such as freeze-dried strawberries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikkel Roulund Wilken
- Department of Clinical Medicine. Aarhus University Hospital. Aarhus University. Palle Juul-Jensens. Boulevard 165. Aarhus N. Denmark
| | - Max Norman Tandrup Lambert
- Department of Clinical Medicine. Aarhus University Hospital. Aarhus University. Palle Juul-Jensens. Boulevard 165. Aarhus N. Denmark
| | - Christine Bodelund Christensen
- Department of Clinical Medicine. Aarhus University Hospital. Aarhus University. Palle Juul-Jensens. Boulevard 165. Aarhus N. Denmark
| | - Per Bendix Jeppesen
- Department of Clinical Medicine. Aarhus University Hospital. Aarhus University. Palle Juul-Jensens. Boulevard 165. Aarhus N. Denmark
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Zafrilla P, Masoodi H, Cerdá B, García-Viguera C, Villaño D. Biological effects of stevia, sucralose and sucrose in citrus-maqui juices on overweight subjects. Food Funct 2021; 12:8535-8543. [PMID: 34323244 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo01160j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the last few years there has been emerging interest in substituting added sugars from juices with other sweeteners to make them healthier. But their long-term effects have been poorly evaluated. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of the addition of stevia, sucralose and sucrose (control) to maqui-citrus beverages on antioxidant and inflammatory status. METHODS a 3-arm parallel, randomized and triple blind clinical trial was performed in overweight subjects (n = 138), who consumed the test beverage (330 mL day-1) for 60 days. The following markers were determined: antioxidant status (ORAC, homocysteine, and oxidized LDL), safety parameters (ALP, AST, ALT, and total bilirubin), lipid profile (total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, and triglycerides) and inflammatory biomarkers (IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-10). RESULTS The homocysteine levels significantly increased after consumption of sucralose (27%, p = 0.001) and sucrose (40%, p = 0.006). A significant increase in the IL-10 concentration after consumption of the stevia sweetened beverage, and in ORAC values (21%) in subjects with lower basal antioxidant status were observed. The HDL and total cholesterol levels significantly increased after consumption of sucralose (p = 0.039) and sucrose (p = 0.001), respectively. No changes in triglycerides, LDL or oxidized LDL were observed. CONCLUSIONS Oxidative stress and an inflammatory response were observed after consumption of these sweetened beverages, with the exception of stevia, which produced an anti-inflammatory response. The possible antioxidative effects of this polyphenol-rich beverage may only benefit those individuals with poorer antioxidant status. Many randomized controlled trials at normal levels of consumption using commonly consumed sweeteners are necessary to clarify their roles in health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Zafrilla
- Catholic University of San Antonio (UCAM), Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Campus de los Jerónimos 30107 Guadalupe, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Hedyeh Masoodi
- Catholic University of San Antonio (UCAM), Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Campus de los Jerónimos 30107 Guadalupe, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Begoña Cerdá
- Catholic University of San Antonio (UCAM), Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Campus de los Jerónimos 30107 Guadalupe, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Cristina García-Viguera
- Phytochemistry and Healthy Foods Lab, Dept Food Sci & Technol, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus Universitario de Espinardo 25, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Débora Villaño
- Catholic University of San Antonio (UCAM), Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Campus de los Jerónimos 30107 Guadalupe, Murcia, Spain.
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Raimondo S, Nikolic D, Conigliaro A, Giavaresi G, Lo Sasso B, Giglio RV, Chianetta R, Manno M, Raccosta S, Corleone V, Ferrante G, Citarrella R, Rizzo M, De Leo G, Ciaccio M, Montalto G, Alessandro R. Preliminary Results of CitraVes™ Effects on Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and Waist Circumference in Healthy Subjects after 12 Weeks: A Pilot Open-Label Study. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11050276. [PMID: 33925596 PMCID: PMC8145538 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11050276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Appropriate monitoring and control of modifiable risk factors, such as the level of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and other types of dyslipidemia, have an important role in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Recently, various nutraceuticals with lipid-lowering effects have gained attention. In addition to the plant-derived bioactive compounds, recent studies suggested that plant cells are able to release small lipoproteic structures named extracellular vesicles (EVs). The interaction between EVs and mammalian cells could lead to beneficial effects through anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. The present study aimed to assess the safety of the new patented plant-based product citraVes™, containing extracellular vesicles (EVs) from Citrus limon (L.) Osbeck juice, and to investigate its ability to modulate different CV risk factors in healthy subjects. A cohort of 20 healthy volunteers was recruited in a prospective open-label study. All participants received the supplement in a spray-dried formulation at a stable dose of 1000 mg/day for 3 months. Anthropometric and hematobiochemical parameters were analyzed at the baseline and after the follow-up period of 1 and 3 months. We observed that the supplement has an effect on two key factors of cardiometabolic risk in healthy subjects. A significant change in waist circumference was found in women after 4 (85.4 [79.9, 91.0] cm, p < 0.005) and 12 (85.0 [80.0, 90.0] cm, p < 0.0005) weeks, when compared to the baseline value (87.6 [81.7, 93.6] cm). No difference was found in men (baseline: 100.3 [95.4, 105.2] cm; 4 weeks: 102.0 [95.7, 108.3] cm; 12 weeks: 100.0 [95.3, 104.7] cm). The level of LDL-C was significantly lower at 12 weeks versus 4 weeks (p = 0.0064). Our study evaluated, for the first time, the effects of a natural product containing plant-derived EVs on modifiable risk factors in healthy volunteers. The results support the use of EV extracts to manage cardiometabolic risk factors successfully.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Raimondo
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D), Section of Biology and Genetics, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy; (D.N.); (A.C.); (G.D.L.)
- Navhetec s.r.l, Via Elvira ed Enzo Sellerio, 90141 Palermo, Italy;
- Correspondence: (S.R.); (R.A.)
| | - Dragana Nikolic
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D), Section of Biology and Genetics, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy; (D.N.); (A.C.); (G.D.L.)
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences Maternal and Infantile Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (R.C.); (R.C.); (M.R.); (G.M.)
| | - Alice Conigliaro
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D), Section of Biology and Genetics, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy; (D.N.); (A.C.); (G.D.L.)
- Navhetec s.r.l, Via Elvira ed Enzo Sellerio, 90141 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Gianluca Giavaresi
- IRCSS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, SC Scienze e Tecnologie Chirurgiche-SS Piattaforma Scienze Omiche per Ortopedia Personalizzata, 40136 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Bruna Lo Sasso
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D), Section of Clinical Biochemistry, Clinical Molecular Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (B.L.S.); (R.V.G.); (M.C.)
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University-Hospital “P. Giaccone” of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Rosaria Vincenza Giglio
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D), Section of Clinical Biochemistry, Clinical Molecular Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (B.L.S.); (R.V.G.); (M.C.)
| | - Roberta Chianetta
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences Maternal and Infantile Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (R.C.); (R.C.); (M.R.); (G.M.)
| | - Mauro Manno
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council of Italy, 90146 Palermo, Italy; (M.M.); (S.R.)
| | - Samuele Raccosta
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council of Italy, 90146 Palermo, Italy; (M.M.); (S.R.)
| | - Valeria Corleone
- Navhetec s.r.l, Via Elvira ed Enzo Sellerio, 90141 Palermo, Italy;
- Agrumaria Corleone s.p.a., Via S. Corleone, 12-Zona Ind. Brancaccio, 90124 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Ferrante
- Agrumaria Corleone s.p.a., Via S. Corleone, 12-Zona Ind. Brancaccio, 90124 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Roberto Citarrella
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences Maternal and Infantile Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (R.C.); (R.C.); (M.R.); (G.M.)
| | - Manfredi Rizzo
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences Maternal and Infantile Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (R.C.); (R.C.); (M.R.); (G.M.)
| | - Giacomo De Leo
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D), Section of Biology and Genetics, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy; (D.N.); (A.C.); (G.D.L.)
| | - Marcello Ciaccio
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D), Section of Clinical Biochemistry, Clinical Molecular Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (B.L.S.); (R.V.G.); (M.C.)
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University-Hospital “P. Giaccone” of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Montalto
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences Maternal and Infantile Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (R.C.); (R.C.); (M.R.); (G.M.)
| | - Riccardo Alessandro
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D), Section of Biology and Genetics, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy; (D.N.); (A.C.); (G.D.L.)
- Navhetec s.r.l, Via Elvira ed Enzo Sellerio, 90141 Palermo, Italy;
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council (CNR), 90146 Palermo, Italy
- Correspondence: (S.R.); (R.A.)
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Victoria-Montesinos D, Abellán Ruiz MS, Luque Rubia AJ, Guillén Martínez D, Pérez-Piñero S, Sánchez Macarro M, García-Muñoz AM, Cánovas García F, Castillo Sánchez J, López-Román FJ. Effectiveness of Consumption of a Combination of Citrus Fruit Flavonoids and Olive Leaf Polyphenols to Reduce Oxidation of Low-Density Lipoprotein in Treatment-Naïve Cardiovascular Risk Subjects: A Randomized Double-Blind Controlled Study. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10040589. [PMID: 33920476 PMCID: PMC8069525 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10040589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to assess whether oral intake of a nutraceutical product (Citrolive™) could determine changes in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation and other parameters of lipid metabolism and plasma atherogenic capacity. Citrolive™ is a commercial extract obtained from the combination of citrus fruit flavonoids and olive leaf extracts. Twenty-three untreated subjects (69.6% males, 30.4% females, mean age 41.9 ± 9.4 years) with cardiovascular risk factors and a total cholesterol level >200 mg/dL and LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) > 130 mg/dL participated in a 3-month randomized double-blind controlled study. Participants in the intervention group (71.4% males, 28.6% females, mean age 42.7 ± 9.7 years) consumed Citrolive™ (500 mg, two capsules/day), and controls (66.7% males, 33.3% females, mean age 40.6 ± 9.4 years) received a matched placebo. At 3 months, oxidized LDL (ox-LDL) decreased significantly in the intervention group from 93.8 ± 19.1 U/L to 62.8 ± 28.7 U/L (p < 0.05), whereas the control group increased from 98.2 ± 23.5 U/L to 105.7 ± 21.9 U/L (p = 0.1). Between-group differences were also significant (p < 0.05). Similar findings in the ox-LDL/LDL-C ratio were observed. Serum paraoxonase activity (PON1) increased significantly in the intervention group from 64.5 ± 15.6 U/L to 78.7 ± 28.8 U/L (p < 0.05) but remained unchanged in controls. Consumption of Citrolive™ for 3 months in treatment-naïve subjects with moderate risk of atherosclerosis was associated with a reduction in oxidized LDL-C and LDL-oxidase/LDL-C ratio as compared to controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desirée Victoria-Montesinos
- Health Sciences Department, Campus de los Jerónimos, Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia (UCAM), Carretera de Guadalupe s/n, 30107 Guadalupe, Murcia, Spain; (D.V.-M.); (M.S.A.R.); (A.J.L.R.); (S.P.-P.); (M.S.M.); (A.M.G.-M.); (F.C.G.)
| | - María Salud Abellán Ruiz
- Health Sciences Department, Campus de los Jerónimos, Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia (UCAM), Carretera de Guadalupe s/n, 30107 Guadalupe, Murcia, Spain; (D.V.-M.); (M.S.A.R.); (A.J.L.R.); (S.P.-P.); (M.S.M.); (A.M.G.-M.); (F.C.G.)
| | - Antonio J. Luque Rubia
- Health Sciences Department, Campus de los Jerónimos, Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia (UCAM), Carretera de Guadalupe s/n, 30107 Guadalupe, Murcia, Spain; (D.V.-M.); (M.S.A.R.); (A.J.L.R.); (S.P.-P.); (M.S.M.); (A.M.G.-M.); (F.C.G.)
| | - Daniel Guillén Martínez
- Nursing Department, Campus de los Jerónimos, Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia (UCAM), Carretera de Guadalupe s/n, 30107 Guadalupe, Murcia, Spain;
| | - Silvia Pérez-Piñero
- Health Sciences Department, Campus de los Jerónimos, Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia (UCAM), Carretera de Guadalupe s/n, 30107 Guadalupe, Murcia, Spain; (D.V.-M.); (M.S.A.R.); (A.J.L.R.); (S.P.-P.); (M.S.M.); (A.M.G.-M.); (F.C.G.)
| | - Maravillas Sánchez Macarro
- Health Sciences Department, Campus de los Jerónimos, Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia (UCAM), Carretera de Guadalupe s/n, 30107 Guadalupe, Murcia, Spain; (D.V.-M.); (M.S.A.R.); (A.J.L.R.); (S.P.-P.); (M.S.M.); (A.M.G.-M.); (F.C.G.)
| | - Ana María García-Muñoz
- Health Sciences Department, Campus de los Jerónimos, Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia (UCAM), Carretera de Guadalupe s/n, 30107 Guadalupe, Murcia, Spain; (D.V.-M.); (M.S.A.R.); (A.J.L.R.); (S.P.-P.); (M.S.M.); (A.M.G.-M.); (F.C.G.)
| | - Fernando Cánovas García
- Health Sciences Department, Campus de los Jerónimos, Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia (UCAM), Carretera de Guadalupe s/n, 30107 Guadalupe, Murcia, Spain; (D.V.-M.); (M.S.A.R.); (A.J.L.R.); (S.P.-P.); (M.S.M.); (A.M.G.-M.); (F.C.G.)
| | - Julián Castillo Sánchez
- Research and Development Department, iff-Murcia Natural Ingredients, Camino Viejo de Pliego s/n, 30820 Alcantarilla, Murcia, Spain;
- Food Technology & Nutrition Department, Campus de los Jerónimos, Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia (UCAM), Carretera de Guadalupe s/n, 30107 Guadalupe, Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier López-Román
- Health Sciences Department, Campus de los Jerónimos, Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia (UCAM), Carretera de Guadalupe s/n, 30107 Guadalupe, Murcia, Spain; (D.V.-M.); (M.S.A.R.); (A.J.L.R.); (S.P.-P.); (M.S.M.); (A.M.G.-M.); (F.C.G.)
- Primary Care Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), 30120 El Palmar, Murcia, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-968278757
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Benton D, Young HA. Role of fruit juice in achieving the 5-a-day recommendation for fruit and vegetable intake. Nutr Rev 2021; 77:829-843. [PMID: 31504822 PMCID: PMC6786897 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuz031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although there is strong evidence that consumption of fruit and vegetables is associated with a reduced rate of all-cause mortality, only a minority of the population consumes 5 servings a day, and campaigns to increase intake have had limited success. This review examines whether encouraging the consumption of fruit juice might offer a step toward the 5-a-day target. Reasons given for not consuming whole fruit involve practicalities, inconvenience, and the effort required. Psychologically, what is important is not only basic information about health, but how individuals interpret their ability to implement that information. It has been argued that fruit juice avoids the problems that commonly prevent fruit consumption and thus provides a practical means of increasing intake and benefitting health through an approach with which the population can readily engage. Those arguing against consuming fruit juice emphasize that it is a source of sugar lacking fiber, yet juice provides nutrients such as vitamin C, carotenoids, and polyphenols that offer health-related benefits. Actively encouraging the daily consumption of fruit juice in public health policy could help populations achieve the 5-a-day recommendation for fruit and vegetable intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Benton
- Department of Psychology, Swansea University, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Hayley A Young
- Department of Psychology, Swansea University, Wales, United Kingdom
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11
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Zou XS, Xie L, Wang WY, Zhao GY, Tian XY, Chen MH. Pomelo peel oil alleviates cerebral NLRP3 inflammasome activation in a cardiopulmonary resuscitation rat model. Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:233. [PMID: 33603841 PMCID: PMC7851623 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.9664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The NLR family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, which is composed of NLRP3, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC) and pro-caspase-1 protein complexes, is activated by the reactive oxygen species (ROS) that are associated with ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) and are involved in brain damage. Pomelo peel oil (PPO) exhibits antioxidant activity. However, it is unclear whether PPO is able to attenuate NLRP3 inflammasome-induced inflammation and pyroptosis. Healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to 7 min of cardiac arrest via trans-esophageal electrical stimulation, followed by cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). The rats were then treated with PPO prior to reperfusion for 24 h. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used to evaluate brain tissue and cell damage. In the brain tissues, reactive oxygen species (ROS) were assayed, immunofluorescence was used to analyze the expression of NLRP3 and western blotting was performed to determine the expression levels of neuroenolase (NSE), NF-κB, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), gasdermin D (GSDMD) and the NLRP3 inflammasome. Treatment of the rats with PPO significantly decreased the pathological damage of the brain tissue and reduced the expression of NSE, production of ROS and secretion of NF-κB, NLRP3, IL-1β and GSDMD. In conclusion, these results demonstrate the ability of PPO to protect the brain against I/R injury in rats after CPR by a mechanism involving inhibition of the inflammation and pyroptosis mediated by NLRP3 inflammasome activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Sen Zou
- Intensive Care Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530000, P.R. China
| | - Lu Xie
- Department of Physiology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530000, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Yan Wang
- Intensive Care Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530000, P.R. China
| | - Gao-Yang Zhao
- Intensive Care Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530000, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Yue Tian
- Intensive Care Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530000, P.R. China
| | - Meng-Hua Chen
- Intensive Care Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530000, P.R. China
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12
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Yari Z, Naser-Nakhaee Z, Karimi‐Shahrbabak E, Cheraghpour M, Hedayati M, Mohaghegh SM, Ommi S, Hekmatdoost A. Combination therapy of flaxseed and hesperidin enhances the effectiveness of lifestyle modification in cardiovascular risk control in prediabetes: a randomized controlled trial. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2021; 13:3. [PMID: 33402222 PMCID: PMC7786892 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-020-00619-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regarding the increasing prevalence of cardiometabolic abnormalities, and its association with non-communicable chronic diseases, providing preventive and therapeutic strategies is a priority. A randomized placebo-controlled study was conducted to assess the effects of combination therapy of milled brown flaxseed and hesperidin during lifestyle intervention on controlling cardiovascular risk in prediabetes. METHODS A total of forty-eight subjects were randomly assigned to receive lifestyle intervention plus combination therapy of brown flaxseed (30 g milled) and hesperidin (two 500 mg capsules) or lifestyle modification alone for 12 weeks. Changes from baseline in anthropometric measures, lipid profile and atherogenic indices, glucose homeostasis parameters, and inflammatory biomarkers was assessed as a primary end point. RESULTS Anthropometric data comparison between the two groups showed a significant reduction in weight (p = 0.048). Waist circumference reduction was about twice that of the control group (- 6.75 cm vs - 3.57 cm), but this difference was not statistically significant. Comparison of blood pressure changes throughout the study indicated a greater reduction in blood pressure in the intervention group rather than control group (- 5.66 vs. - 1.56 mmHg, P = 0.049). Improvements of lipid profile and atherogenic indices, glucose homeostasis parameters, and inflammatory biomarkers in flaxseed-hesperidin group was significantly more than the control group after 12 weeks of intervention (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Our results indicate that co-administration of flaxseed and hesperidin as an adjunct to lifestyle modification program is more effective than lifestyle modification alone in the metabolic abnormalities remission of prediabetic patients. TRIAL REGISTRATION The trial was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT03737422. Registered 11 November 2018. Retrospectively registered, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/results?cond=&term=NCT03737422&cntry=&state=&city=&dist= .
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Yari
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology, Research Institute Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Naser-Nakhaee
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology, Research Institute Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Makan Cheraghpour
- Cancer Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Hedayati
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyede Marjan Mohaghegh
- Diabetes Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Shahrzad Ommi
- Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, Florida International University, Miami, FL USA
| | - Azita Hekmatdoost
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology, Research Institute Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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13
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Hawkins J, Hires C, Baker C, Keenan L, Bush M. Daily supplementation with aronia melanocarpa (chokeberry) reduces blood pressure and cholesterol: a meta analysis of controlled clinical trials. J Diet Suppl 2020; 18:517-530. [PMID: 32794414 DOI: 10.1080/19390211.2020.1800887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States. Dietary supplements, such as those rich in antioxidants, have the potential to improve markers of cardiovascular health, but little is known about the total effect of these supplements. The purpose of this analysis is to identify the effect size of supplementation with aronia berry extracts and to evaluate how age may influence these effects. METHODS This analysis included a literature review of controlled trials evaluating the effects of daily aronia berry supplementation for an average of 6-8 weeks on the outcomes of total cholesterol and blood pressure. Three distinct analyses were conducted: systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and total cholesterol. The moderator of age was evaluated for each of the three outcome measures. RESULTS & CONCLUSION Daily supplementation with aronia berry extracts for 6-8 weeks significantly reduces systolic blood pressure, which is a key risk factor for cardiovascular disease, as well as total cholesterol. These effects are most significant in adults over the age of 50 years. Supplementation with aronia berry is a safe and effective way to reduce total cholesterol and systolic blood pressure, with even larger effects among adults over the age of 50 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessie Hawkins
- Integrative Health, Franklin School of Integrative Health Sciences, Franklin, TN, USA
| | - Christy Hires
- Integrative Health, Franklin School of Integrative Health Sciences, Franklin, TN, USA
| | - Colby Baker
- Integrative Health, Franklin School of Integrative Health Sciences, Franklin, TN, USA
| | - Lindsey Keenan
- Integrative Health, Franklin School of Integrative Health Sciences, Franklin, TN, USA
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14
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Bellettiere J, Lamonte MJ, Unkart J, Liles S, Laddu‐Patel D, Manson JE, Banack H, Seguin‐Fowler R, Chavez P, Tinker LF, Wallace RB, LaCroix AZ. Short Physical Performance Battery and Incident Cardiovascular Events Among Older Women. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 9:e016845. [PMID: 32662311 PMCID: PMC7660732 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.120.016845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Background The Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) is an inexpensive, reliable, and easy-to-implement measure of lower-extremity physical function. Strong evidence links SPPB scores with all-cause mortality, but little is known about its relationship with incident cardiovascular disease (CVD). Methods and Results Women (n=5043, mean age=79±7) with no history of myocardial infarction or stroke completed 3 timed assessments-standing balance, strength (5 chair stands), and usual gait speed (4 m walk)-yielding an SPPB score from 0 (worst) to 12 (best). Women were followed for CVD events (myocardial infarction, stroke, or CVD death) up to 6 years. Hazard ratios were estimated for women with Very Low (0-3), Low (4-6), Moderate (7-9), and High (10-12) SPPB scores using Cox proportional hazard models adjusted for demographic, behavioral, and health-related variables including objective measurements of physical activity, blood pressure, lipids, and glucose levels. Restricted cubic splines tested linearity of associations. With 361 CVD cases, crude incidence rates/1000 person-years were 41.0, 24.3, 16.1, and 8.6 for Very Low, Low, Moderate, and High SPPB categories, respectively. Corresponding fully adjusted hazard ratios (95% CIs) were 2.28 (1.50-3.48), 1.70 (1.23-2.36) 1.49 (1.12-1.98), and 1.00 (referent); P-trend <0.001. The dose-response relationship was linear (linear P<0.001; nonlinear P>0.38). Conclusions Results suggest SPPB may provide a measure of cardiovascular health in older adults beyond that captured by traditional risk factors. Because of its high test-retest reliability and low administrative burden, the SPPB should be a routine part of office-based CVD risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Bellettiere
- Department of Family Medicine and Public HealthUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCA
- Center for Behavioral Epidemiology and Community Health (C‐BEACH)San Diego State UniversitySan DiegoCA
| | - Michael J. Lamonte
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental HealthSchool of Public Health and Health ProfessionsUniversity at Buffalo–SUNYBuffaloNY
| | - Jonathan Unkart
- Department of Family Medicine and Public HealthUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCA
| | - Sandy Liles
- Department of Family Medicine and Public HealthUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCA
- Center for Behavioral Epidemiology and Community Health (C‐BEACH)San Diego State UniversitySan DiegoCA
| | | | - JoAnn E. Manson
- Division of Preventive MedicineBrigham and Women’s HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA
| | - Hailey Banack
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental HealthSchool of Public Health and Health ProfessionsUniversity at Buffalo–SUNYBuffaloNY
| | - Rebecca Seguin‐Fowler
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science College of Agriculture and Life SciencesTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX
| | - Paul Chavez
- Department of Family Medicine and Public HealthUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCA
| | - Lesley F. Tinker
- Division of Public Health SciencesFred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterSeattleWA
| | | | - Andrea Z. LaCroix
- Department of Family Medicine and Public HealthUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCA
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Purchasing Drivers of Fresh Citrus Fruits in Urban Italy: Is It All about Taste? Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12040979. [PMID: 32252221 PMCID: PMC7230660 DOI: 10.3390/nu12040979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
While the medical community supports the growth of citrus consumption as part of a healthy diet, there is limited knowledge about consumer preferences for these fruits. The current study analyzed the purchasing patterns and drivers of fresh citrus fruits from a convenience sample of 346 Italian food shoppers. Results revealed that clementines were the citrus fruit purchased most, followed by oranges and tangerines. Sweetness and smell were important product attributes for respondents. Different drivers affect the purchasing frequencies of various citrus fruits. Taste motivation, with a specific preference for acidity, impacts orange purchasing. Similarly, clementines are purchased primarily for taste motivation, however, the core sensory attribute for respondents in this case was sweetness. Meanwhile, for tangerines, the taste motivation is less important than the energy motivation, and the size together with the color are the core purchasing drivers. These outcomes provide food scientists, agronomists and market practitioners with new insights into Italian consumers’ preferences for citrus fruits, thus contributing to a potential expansion of this market.
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Zhao Q, Yang H, Liu F, Luo J, Zhao Q, Li X, Yang Y. Naringenin Exerts Cardiovascular Protective Effect in a Palmitate‐Induced Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cell Injury Model via Autophagy Flux Improvement. Mol Nutr Food Res 2019; 63:e1900601. [PMID: 31622021 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201900601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhao
- Department of CardiologyFirst Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University Urumqi 830054 China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Research Urumqi 830054 China
| | - Hongyan Yang
- School of Aerospace MedicineFourth Military Medical University Xi'an 710032 China
| | - Fen Liu
- Department of CardiologyFirst Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University Urumqi 830054 China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Research Urumqi 830054 China
| | - Junyi Luo
- Department of CardiologyFirst Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University Urumqi 830054 China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Research Urumqi 830054 China
| | - Qian Zhao
- Department of CardiologyFirst Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University Urumqi 830054 China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Research Urumqi 830054 China
| | - Xiaomei Li
- Department of CardiologyFirst Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University Urumqi 830054 China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Research Urumqi 830054 China
| | - Yining Yang
- Department of CardiologyFirst Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University Urumqi 830054 China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Research Urumqi 830054 China
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17
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Orange juice associated with a balanced diet mitigated risk factors of metabolic syndrome: A randomized controlled trial. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION & INTERMEDIARY METABOLISM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnim.2019.100101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
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18
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Zhao YL, Yang XW, Wu BF, Shang JH, Liu YP, Luo XD. Anti-inflammatory Effect of Pomelo Peel and Its Bioactive Coumarins. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:8810-8818. [PMID: 31318199 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b02511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Citrus grandis (L.) Osbeck is a popular fruit cultivated around the world, and its peels are sometimes used for the treatment of cough, abdominal pain, and indigestion in China. However, the peel is discarded after fruit consumption in most cases, and its chemical constituents and biological activities have not been validated before. The present study focused on evaluation of the chemical and pharmacological profile of coumarins from peels of C. grandis against inflammation. The extracts and phytochemicals from peels of C. grandis were prepared, and anti-inflammatory activities were carried out in vivo and in vitro, including inhibiting xylene-induced ear edema and carrageenan-induced paw edema in mice and the production of inflammatory cytokines (interleukin 1β, prostaglandin 2, and tumor-necrosis factor α) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 cells. Results indicated that methanolic extract, ethyl acetate fraction, and four major coumarins (compounds 7, 8, 13, and 16) inhibited swelling induced by xylene and carrageenan, separately, in vivo. Furthermore, 18 coumarins inhibited inflammatory factor secretion in macrophages primed by LPS, in which compounds 4, 6, 7, 10, 17 showed the most pronounced change, which were comparable to dexamethasone. In summary, peel of C. grandis showed an anti-inflammatory effect and coumarin compounds were responsible for regulating inflammatory mediators and cytokines, which might provide a novel nutritional strategy for inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Li Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology , Yunnan University , Kunming , Yunnan 650091 , People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming , Yunnan 650201 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiong-Wu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming , Yunnan 650201 , People's Republic of China
| | - Bai-Fen Wu
- Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine , Kunming , Yunnan 650500 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Hua Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming , Yunnan 650201 , People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Ping Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming , Yunnan 650201 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Dong Luo
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology , Yunnan University , Kunming , Yunnan 650091 , People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming , Yunnan 650201 , People's Republic of China
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19
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Effect of daily intake of a low-alcohol orange beverage on cardiovascular risk factors in hypercholesterolemic humans. Food Res Int 2019; 116:168-174. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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20
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Espinosa-Moncada J, Marín-Echeverri C, Galvis-Pérez Y, Ciro-Gómez G, Aristizábal JC, Blesso CN, Fernandez ML, Barona-Acevedo J. Evaluation of Agraz Consumption on Adipocytokines, Inflammation, and Oxidative Stress Markers in Women with Metabolic Syndrome. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10111639. [PMID: 30400222 PMCID: PMC6266490 DOI: 10.3390/nu10111639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is characterized by increased oxidative stress and a pro-inflammatory state. Vaccinium meridionale Swartz (known as “agraz”) is a berry rich in polyphenolic compounds with demonstrated antioxidant activity and anti-inflammatory effects in preclinical studies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of agraz consumption on inflammatory and oxidative stress markers in women with MetS. Forty women with MetS (47 ± 9 years) were randomly assigned to consume daily either 200 mL of agraz nectar or placebo over four weeks in a double-blind, cross-over design study, separated by a 4-week washout period. Metabolic and inflammatory markers in serum and antioxidant/oxidative stress markers in serum and urine were assessed at the end of each period. Serum antioxidant capacity measured by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method was significantly higher (p = 0.028), while urinary 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) was lower (p = 0.041) after agraz consumption, compared to placebo. In conclusion, consumption of agraz during four weeks increased serum antioxidant capacity and decreased a marker of DNA oxidative damage in women with MetS, compared to placebo. These results suggest that agraz consumption may play a protective role in patients with MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Espinosa-Moncada
- Food and therapeutic alternatives area, Ophidism Program; School of Microbiology, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín 050010, Colombia.
| | - Catalina Marín-Echeverri
- Food and therapeutic alternatives area, Ophidism Program; School of Microbiology, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín 050010, Colombia.
| | - Yeisson Galvis-Pérez
- Food and therapeutic alternatives area, Ophidism Program; School of Microbiology, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín 050010, Colombia.
| | - Gelmy Ciro-Gómez
- Food and therapeutic alternatives area, Ophidism Program; School of Microbiology, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín 050010, Colombia.
| | - Juan C Aristizábal
- Research Group PHYSIS, School of Nutrition and Dietetics, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín 050010, Colombia.
| | - Christopher N Blesso
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
| | - Maria Luz Fernandez
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
| | - Jacqueline Barona-Acevedo
- Food and therapeutic alternatives area, Ophidism Program; School of Microbiology, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín 050010, Colombia.
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Mosqueda-Solís A, Sánchez J, Portillo MP, Palou A, Picó C. Combination of Capsaicin and Hesperidin Reduces the Effectiveness of Each Compound To Decrease the Adipocyte Size and To Induce Browning Features in Adipose Tissue of Western Diet Fed Rats. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:9679-9689. [PMID: 30183290 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b02611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We explored the potential of hesperidin and capsaicin, separately and in combination, to induce white adipose tissue (WAT) browning and to help body weight management in Western diet-fed rats. Adult male Wistar rats were fed for 8 weeks with Western diet and treated daily with hesperidin (100 mg/kg/day), capsaicin (4 mg/kg/day), hesperidin (100 mg/kg/day) + capsaicin (4 mg/kg/day), or the vehicle. Hesperidin and capsaicin separately, but not (or to a lesser extent) the combination, resulted in a decreased size of adipocytes and induced emergence of multilocular brown-like adipocytes positive for UCP1 and CIDEA in retroperitoneal WAT. Expression levels of browning markers, such as Prdm16, in inguinal WAT also increased with capsaicin treatment compared with the vehicle (145% ± 17% vs 92% ± 21%, P < 0.05), but no significant effects were found with the combination (106% ± 12%). Thus, the combination of both bioactives reduces the effectiveness of each compound to decrease the adipocyte size and induce WAT browning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Mosqueda-Solís
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (Nutrigenomics and Obesity Group) , University of the Balearic Islands , 07122 Palma , Spain
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy and Lucio Lascaray Research Center , University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) , Vitoria , Spain
| | - Juana Sánchez
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (Nutrigenomics and Obesity Group) , University of the Balearic Islands , 07122 Palma , Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears , 07010 Palma , Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN) , Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) , Madrid , Spain
| | - María P Portillo
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy and Lucio Lascaray Research Center , University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) , Vitoria , Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN) , Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) , Madrid , Spain
| | - Andreu Palou
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (Nutrigenomics and Obesity Group) , University of the Balearic Islands , 07122 Palma , Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears , 07010 Palma , Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN) , Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) , Madrid , Spain
| | - Catalina Picó
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (Nutrigenomics and Obesity Group) , University of the Balearic Islands , 07122 Palma , Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears , 07010 Palma , Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN) , Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) , Madrid , Spain
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22
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Mohib M, Afnan K, Paran TZ, Khan S, Sarker J, Hasan N, Hasan I, Sagor AT. Beneficial Role of Citrus Fruit Polyphenols Against Hepatic Dysfunctions: A Review. J Diet Suppl 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/19390211.2017.1330301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohabbulla Mohib
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Kazi Afnan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Tasfiq Zaman Paran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Salma Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Juthika Sarker
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Nahid Hasan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Istiaque Hasan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Abu Taher Sagor
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Testai L, Calderone V. Nutraceutical Value of Citrus Flavanones and Their Implications in Cardiovascular Disease. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9050502. [PMID: 28509871 PMCID: PMC5452232 DOI: 10.3390/nu9050502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background- Cardiovascular diseases, including myocardial infarction, dyslipidaemia and coronary artery pathology, are a major cause of illness and death in Western countries. Therefore, identifying effective therapeutic approaches and their cellular signalling pathways is a challenging goal for medicine. In this regard, several epidemiological studies demonstrate a relationship between the intake of flavonoid-rich foods and the reduction of cardiovascular risk factors and mortality. In particular, flavonoids present in citrus fruits, such as oranges, bergamots, lemons and grapefruit (95% from flavanones), are emerging for their considerable nutraceutical value. Methods- In this review an examination of literature was performed while considering both epidemiological, clinical and pre-clinical evidence supporting the beneficial role of the flavanone class. We evaluated studies in which citrus fruit juices or single flavanone administration and cardiovascular risk factors were analysed; to identify these studies, an electronic search was conducted in PUBMED for papers fulfilling these criteria and written in English. Results- In addition to epidemiological evidence and clinical studies demonstrating that fruits in the Citrus genus significantly reduce the incidence of cardiovascular disease risk, pre-clinical investigations highlight cellular and subcellular targets that are responsible for these beneficial effects. There has been special attention on evaluating intracellular pathways involved in direct cardiovascular and cardiometabolic effects mediated by naringenin, hesperetin and eriodictyol or their glycosylated derivatives. Conclusions- Although some mechanisms of action remain unclear and bioavailability problems remain to be solved, the current evidence supports the use of a nutraceutical approach with citrus fruits to prevent and cure several aspects of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Testai
- Department of Farmacia, University of Pisa, via Bonanno, 6 56120 Pisa, Italy.
- Interdepartmental Center of Nutrafood, University of Pisa, via Del Borghetto, 80 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Calderone
- Department of Farmacia, University of Pisa, via Bonanno, 6 56120 Pisa, Italy.
- Interdepartmental Center of Nutrafood, University of Pisa, via Del Borghetto, 80 56124 Pisa, Italy.
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The Citrus Flavanone Naringenin Protects Myocardial Cells against Age-Associated Damage. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:9536148. [PMID: 28386313 PMCID: PMC5366223 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9536148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the health-promoting effects of the citrus flavanone naringenin have been examined. The results have provided evidence for the modulation of some key mechanisms involved in cellular damage by this compound. In particular, naringenin has been revealed to have protective properties such as an antioxidant effect in cardiometabolic disorders. Very recently, beneficial effects of naringenin have been demonstrated in old rats. Because aging has been demonstrated to be directly related to the occurrence of cardiac disorders, in the present study, the ability of naringenin to prevent cardiac cell senescence was investigated. For this purpose, a cellular model of senescent myocardial cells was set up and evaluated using colorimetric, fluorimetric, and immunometric techniques. Relevant cellular senescence markers, such as X-gal staining, cell cycle regulator levels, and the percentage of cell cycle-arrested cells, were found to be reduced in the presence of naringenin. In addition, cardiac markers of aging-induced damage, including radical oxidative species levels, mitochondrial metabolic activity, mitochondrial calcium buffer capacity, and estrogenic signaling functions, were also modulated by the compound. These results suggested that naringenin has antiaging effects on myocardial cells.
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Park CH, Kim JH, Lee EB, Hur W, Kwon OJ, Park HJ, Yoon SK. Aronia melanocarpa Extract Ameliorates Hepatic Lipid Metabolism through PPARγ2 Downregulation. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0169685. [PMID: 28081181 PMCID: PMC5230775 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome. Studies have demonstrated that anthocyanin-rich foods may improve hyperlipidemia and ameliorate hepatic steatosis. Here, effects of Aronia melanocarpa (AM), known to be rich of anthocyanins, on hepatic lipid metabolism and adipogenic genes were determined. AM was treated to C57BL/6N mice fed with high fat diet (HFD) or to FL83B cells treated with free fatty acid (FFA). Changes in levels of lipids, enzymes and hormones were observed, and expressions of adipogenic genes involved in hepatic lipid metabolism were detected by PCR, Western blotting and luciferase assay. In mice, AM significantly reduced the body and liver weight, lipid accumulation in the liver, and levels of biochemical markers such as fatty acid synthase, hepatic triglyceride and leptin. Serum transaminases, indicators for hepatocyte injury, were also suppressed, while superoxide dismutase activity and liver antioxidant capacity were significantly increased. In FL83B cells, AM significantly reduced FFA-induced lipid droplet accumulation. Protein synthesis of an adipogenic transcription factor, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ2 (PPARγ2) was inhibited in vivo. Furthermore, transcriptional activity of PPARγ2 was down-regulated in vitro, and mRNA expression of PPARγ2 and its downstream target genes, adipocyte protein 2 and lipoprotein lipase were down-regulated by AM both in vitro and in vivo. These results show beneficial effects of AM against hepatic lipid accumulation through the inhibition of PPARγ2 expression along with improvements in body weight, liver functions, lipid profiles and antioxidant capacity suggesting the potential therapeutic efficacy of AM on NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Hwa Park
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- The Catholic University Liver Research Center (CULRC), The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung-Hee Kim
- The Catholic University Liver Research Center (CULRC), The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- WHO Collaborating Center of Viral Hepatitis, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Byul Lee
- The Catholic University Liver Research Center (CULRC), The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- WHO Collaborating Center of Viral Hepatitis, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Wonhee Hur
- The Catholic University Liver Research Center (CULRC), The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- WHO Collaborating Center of Viral Hepatitis, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Oh-Joo Kwon
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Seung Kew Yoon
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- The Catholic University Liver Research Center (CULRC), The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- WHO Collaborating Center of Viral Hepatitis, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail:
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García-Flores LA, Medina S, Cejuela-Anta R, Martínez-Sanz JM, Abellán Á, Genieser HG, Ferreres F, Gil-Izquierdo Á. DNA catabolites in triathletes: effects of supplementation with an aronia-citrus juice (polyphenols-rich juice). Food Funct 2016; 7:2084-93. [PMID: 27050256 DOI: 10.1039/c6fo00252h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
In this study we analyzed whether our aronia-citrus juice (ACJ, the composition is based on a mixture of 95% citrus juice with 5% of Aronia melanocarpa juice), rich in polyphenols, and physical exercise had an effect on seven catabolites of DNA identified in plasma and on a urine isoprostane (8-iso-PGF2α). Sixteen elite triathletes on a controlled diet for triathlon training (45 days) were used in this clinical trial. Our results show a decrease in the 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine concentration due to chronic physical exercise. The ACJ intake and physical exercise maintained the guanosine-3',5'-cyclic monophosphate plasmatic concentrations and decreased the concentration of 8-hydroxyguanine as well as urinary values of 8-iso-PGF2α. Finally, we observed a significant increase in the 8-nitroguanosine levels in triathletes after ACJ intake, compared to the placebo stage. It is concluded that the combination of the intake of ACJ, rich in polyphenolic compounds, with adequate training was able to influence the plasmatic and urinary values of oxidative stress biomarkers. This suggests a positive effect on the oxidative damage and potential associations with DNA repair mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sonia Medina
- Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus de Espinardo 25, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Roberto Cejuela-Anta
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Education, University of Alicante, Campus San Vicente del Raspeig, 03540 San Vicent del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain
| | - José Miguel Martínez-Sanz
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Education, University of Alicante, Campus San Vicente del Raspeig, 03540 San Vicent del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain
| | - Ángel Abellán
- Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus de Espinardo 25, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.
| | | | - Federico Ferreres
- Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus de Espinardo 25, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Ángel Gil-Izquierdo
- Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus de Espinardo 25, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.
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Abstract
Background: Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is considered the gold standard for gastric bypass, displaying better results for metabolic disorders than other surgical procedures over the long term. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of bariatric surgery, in particular the RYGB technique, on metabolic syndrome (MS) and other biochemical parameters implicit in the comorbid conditions associated with obesity, as well as to explore the influence of this surgical procedure on psychiatric comorbidity in the study population. Method: An observational retrospective cohort study based on 146 clinical records of patients having undergone RYGB between January 1, 2011, and January 1, 2014, was performed. Data related to metabolic and psychiatric comorbidity were gathered at three stages: prior to surgery and at 3 and 9 months following surgery. Results: There was a progressive and statistically significant reduction of all biochemical parameters analyzed at 3 and 9 months following surgery except high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, which significantly increased (beneficial) in value. These changes imply a remission of >90% for all metabolic disorders and the consequent tendency toward a reduction in prescribed pharmacological treatments, with MS found in only one subject at 9 months. There was, however, no significant reduction in pharmacological treatments for psychiatric comorbidities. Conclusion: Findings suggest that RYGB is an effective treatment for MS and other metabolic disorders but not for psychiatric comorbidities accompanying MS.
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TAMER CE, YEKELER FZ, ÇOPUR ÖU, İNCEDAYI B, SUNA S. A study of fortification of lemonade with herbal extracts. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-457x.06016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Amiot MJ, Riva C, Vinet A. Effects of dietary polyphenols on metabolic syndrome features in humans: a systematic review. Obes Rev 2016; 17:573-86. [PMID: 27079631 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 266] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Dietary polyphenols constitute a large family of bioactive substances potential beneficial effect on metabolic syndrome (MetS). This review summarizes the results of clinical studies on patients with MetS involving the chronic supplementation of a polyphenol-rich diet, foods, extracts or with single phenolics on the features of MetS (obesity, dyslipidemia, blood pressure and glycaemia) and associated complications (oxidative stress and inflammation). Polyphenols were shown to be efficient, especially at higher doses, and there were no specific foods or extracts able to alleviate all the features of MetS. Green tea, however, significantly reduced body mass index and waist circumference and improved lipid metabolism. Cocoa supplementation reduced blood pressure and blood glucose. Soy isoflavones, citrus products, hesperidin and quercetin improved lipid metabolism, whereas cinnamon reduced blood glucose. In numerous clinical studies, antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects were not significant after polyphenol supplementation in patients with MetS. However, some trials pointed towards an improvement of endothelial function in patients supplemented with cocoa, anthocyanin-rich berries, hesperidin or resveratrol. Therefore, diets rich in polyphenols, such as the Mediterranean diet, which promote the consumption of diverse polyphenol-rich products could be an effective nutritional strategy to improve the health of patients with MetS. © 2016 The Authors. Obesity Reviews published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of World Obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Amiot
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 'Nutrition, Obesity and Risk of Thrombosis', Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Paris, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Paris, France.,Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - C Riva
- LaPEC, EA4278, Université d'Avignon, Avignon, France
| | - A Vinet
- LaPEC, EA4278, Université d'Avignon, Avignon, France
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Fernández-Ruiz VE, Armero-Barranco D, Xandri-Graupera JM, Paniagua-Urbano JA, Solé-Agustí M, Mulero J. Bariatric and Cardiovascular Efficacy of Long-Limb Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass: Overcoming the Limitations Inherent in Individuals. Bariatr Surg Pract Patient Care 2016. [DOI: 10.1089/bari.2015.0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - José A. Paniagua-Urbano
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Catholic University of San Antonio, Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Juana Mulero
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Catholic University of San Antonio, Murcia, Spain
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Ferreira PS, Spolidorio LC, Manthey JA, Cesar TB. Citrus flavanones prevent systemic inflammation and ameliorate oxidative stress in C57BL/6J mice fed high-fat diet. Food Funct 2016; 7:2675-81. [PMID: 27182608 DOI: 10.1039/c5fo01541c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The flavanones hesperidin, eriocitrin and eriodictyol were investigated for their prevention of the oxidative stress and systemic inflammation caused by high-fat diet in C57BL/6J mice. The mice received a standard diet (9.5% kcal from fat), high-fat diet (45% kcal from fat) or high-fat diet supplemented with hesperidin, eriocitrin or eriodictyol for a period of four weeks. Hesperidin, eriocitrin and eriodictyol increased the serum total antioxidant capacity, and restrained the elevation of interleukin-6 (IL-6), macrophage chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and C-reactive protein (hs-CRP). In addition, the liver TBARS levels and spleen mass (g per kg body weight) were lower for the flavanone-treated mice than in the unsupplemented mice. Eriocitrin and eriodictyol reduced TBARS levels in the blood serum, and hesperidin and eriodictyol also reduced fat accumulation and liver damage. The results showed that hesperidin, eriocitrin and eriodictyol had protective effects against inflammation and oxidative stress caused by high-fat diet in mice, and may therefore prevent metabolic alterations associated with the development of cardiovascular diseases in other animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula S Ferreira
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, UNESP Univ Estadual Paulista, Campus Araraquara, Departamento de Alimentos e Nutrição, Rodovia Araraquara - Jau, km 1, Araraquara, SP 14802-901, Brazil.
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Serafini M, Peluso I. Functional Foods for Health: The Interrelated Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Role of Fruits, Vegetables, Herbs, Spices and Cocoa in Humans. Curr Pharm Des 2016; 22:6701-6715. [PMID: 27881064 PMCID: PMC5427773 DOI: 10.2174/1381612823666161123094235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The health benefits of plant food-based diets could be related to both integrated antioxidant and antiinflammatory mechanisms exerted by a wide array of phytochemicals present in fruit, vegetables, herbs and spices. Therefore, there is mounting interest in identifying foods, food extracts and phytochemical formulations from plant sources which are able to efficiently modulate oxidative and inflammatory stress to prevent diet-related diseases. This paper reviews available evidence about the effect of supplementation with selected fruits, vegetables, herbs, spices and their extracts or galenic formulation on combined markers of redox and inflammatory status in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Serafini
- Functional Foods and Metabolic Stress Prevention Laboratory, Centre for Food and Nutrition, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Peluso
- Functional Foods and Metabolic Stress Prevention Laboratory, Centre for Food and Nutrition, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Rome, Italy
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Oh JS, Kim H, Vijayakumar A, Kwon O, Choi YJ, Huh KB, Chang N. Association between dietary flavanones intake and lipid profiles according to the presence of metabolic syndrome in Korean women with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Nutr Res Pract 2015; 10:67-73. [PMID: 26865918 PMCID: PMC4742313 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2016.10.1.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Revised: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES This study was aimed at examining the association between dietary flavanones intake and lipid profiles according to the presence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in Korean women with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). SUBJECTS/METHODS A cross-sectional analysis was performed among 502 female T2DM patients (non-MetS group; n = 129, MetS group; n = 373) who were recruited from the Huh's Diabetes Clinic in Seoul, Korea between 2005 and 2011. The dietary intake was assessed by a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and the data was analyzed using the Computer Aided Nutritional Analysis program (CAN-Pro) version 4.0 software. The intake of flavanones was estimated on the basis of the flavonoid database. RESULTS In the multiple linear regression analysis after adjustment for confounding factors, daily flavanones intake was negatively associated with CVD risk factors such as total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and apoB and apoB/apoA1 ratio only in the MetS group but not in the non-MetS group. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that the odds ratio for a higher apoB/apoA1 ratio above the median (≥ 0.74) was significantly low in the 4(th) quartile compared to that in the 1(st) quartile of dietary flavanones intake [OR: 0.477, 95% CI: 0.255-0.894, P for trend = 0.0377] in the MetS group. CONCLUSIONS Dietary flavanones intake was inversely associated with the apoB/apoA1 ratio, suggesting a potential protective effect of flavanones against CVD in T2DM women with MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Soo Oh
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, 52, Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Hyesook Kim
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, 52, Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Aswathy Vijayakumar
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, 52, Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Oran Kwon
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, 52, Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Young Ju Choi
- Huh's Diabetes Clinic & the 21C Diabetes and Vascular Research Institute, Seoul 04101, Korea
| | - Kap Bum Huh
- Huh's Diabetes Clinic & the 21C Diabetes and Vascular Research Institute, Seoul 04101, Korea
| | - Namsoo Chang
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, 52, Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Korea
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Gironés-Vilaplana A, Moreno DA, García-Viguera C. Phytochemistry and biological activity of Spanish Citrus fruits. Food Funct 2014; 5:764-72. [PMID: 24563112 DOI: 10.1039/c3fo60700c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The evaluation of the potential inhibitory activity on α-glucosidase and pancreatic lipase by Citrus spp. fruits of Spanish origin (lemon, orange, grapefruit, lime, and mandarin) together with the evaluation of their phytochemical content and antioxidant capacity (DPPH˙, ORACFL, ABTS(+), FRAP and O2˙(-)) aiming for new applications of the fruits in nutrition and health was carried out. As far as we are aware, the presence of 3-O-caffeoylferuoylquinic acid and two hydrated feruloylquinic acids in orange and the presence of 3,5-diferuoylquinic acid in grapefruit have been reported for the first time. Although grapefruit showed higher contents of phytochemicals such as flavanones and vitamin C, lemon and lime showed higher potential for inhibitory effects on lipase, and lime also showed the best results for in vitro α-glucosidase inhibition. On the other hand, higher antioxidant capacity was reported for grapefruit, lemon and lime, which correlated well with their phytochemical composition. Based on the results, it could be concluded that Citrus fruits are of great value for nutrition and treatment of diet-related diseases such as obesity and diabetes, and consequently, a new field of interest in the food industry regarding new bioactive ingredients would be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amadeo Gironés-Vilaplana
- Phytochemistry Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC, P.O. Box 164, Espinardo, Murcia, E-30100, Spain.
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HPLC-UV-MS Profiles of Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Activity of Fruits from Three Citrus Species Consumed in Northern Chile. Molecules 2014; 19:17400-21. [PMID: 25356563 PMCID: PMC6271594 DOI: 10.3390/molecules191117400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2014] [Revised: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Buachan P, Chularojmontri L, Wattanapitayakul SK. Selected activities of Citrus maxima Merr. fruits on human endothelial cells: enhancing cell migration and delaying cellular aging. Nutrients 2014; 6:1618-34. [PMID: 24763109 PMCID: PMC4011055 DOI: 10.3390/nu6041618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Revised: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial injury and damage as well as accumulated reactive oxygen species (ROS) in aging play a significant role in the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Recent studies show an association of high citrus fruit intake with a lower risk of CVD and stroke but the mechanisms involved are not fully understood. This study investigated the effects of pummelo (Citrus maxima Merr. var. Tubtim Siam, CM) fruit extract on human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVECs) migration and aging. The freeze-dried powder of fruit extract was characterized for antioxidant capacity (FRAP assay) and certain natural antioxidants, including ascorbic acid, gallic acid, hesperidin, and naringin (HPLC). Short-term (48 h) co-cultivation of HUVECs with CM enhanced cell migration as evaluated by a scratch wound assay and Boyden chamber assay. A long-term treatment with CM for 35 days significantly increased HUVEC proliferation capability as indicated by population doubling level (PDL). CM also delayed the onset of aging phenotype shown by senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) staining. Furthermore, CM was able to attenuate increased ROS levels in aged cells when determined by 2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCDHF) while eNOS mRNA expression was increased but the eNOS protein level was not changed. Thus, further in vivo and clinical studies are warranted to support the use of pummelo as a functional fruit for endothelial health and CVD risk reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paiwan Buachan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok 10110, Thailand.
| | - Linda Chularojmontri
- Department of Preclinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12121, Thailand.
| | - Suvara K Wattanapitayakul
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok 10110, Thailand.
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Dugrand A, Olry A, Duval T, Hehn A, Froelicher Y, Bourgaud F. Coumarin and furanocoumarin quantitation in citrus peel via ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:10677-10684. [PMID: 24117278 DOI: 10.1021/jf402763t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Coumarins and furanocoumarins are secondary metabolites commonly found in citrus plants. These molecules are allelochemical compounds in plants that have controversial effects on humans, such as phototoxicity and the commonly described interactions with drugs, referred to as the "grapefruit juice effect". Thus, it is important to develop a reliable method to identify and quantitate the coumarins and furanocoumarins in citrus extracts. For this purpose, we herein describe an ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS)-based method. We first developed a rapid UPLC method (20 min) to separate the isomers of each furanocoumarin. A subsequent single ion monitoring MS detection method was performed to distinguish between the molecules, which were possibly coeluting but had different molecular weights. The method was successfully used to separate and quantitate 6 coumarins and 21 furanocoumarins in variable amounts within peel extracts (flavedo and albedo) of 6 varieties of Citrus (sweet orange, lemon, grapefruit, bergamot, pummelo, and clementine). This method combines high selectivity and sensitivity in a rapid analysis and is useful for fingerprinting Citrus species via their coumarin and furanocoumarin contents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audray Dugrand
- Université de Lorraine , UMR 1121 Laboratoire Agronomie et Environnement Nancy-Colmar, 2 avenue de la forêt de Haye, TSA 40602, 54518 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
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Imenshahidi M, Eghbal M, Sahebkar A, Iranshahi M. Hypotensive activity of auraptene, a monoterpene coumarin from Citrus spp. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2013; 51:545-549. [PMID: 23368941 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2012.747546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Citrus spp. (Rutaceae) are well-documented for their cardioprotective properties. Auraptene is a bioactive monoterpene coumarin ether abundantly present in the Citrus spp. OBJECTIVE To investigate the hypotensive activity of auraptene. METHODS Different groups of normotensive rats (n = 5 in each group) were subjected to single intravenous injections of auraptene (125, 250 and 500 µg/kg), nifedipine (as positive control; 63, 125 and 250 µg/kg) or negative control [DMSO/normal saline (1:3)]. Mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) and heart rate (HR) were evaluated following each treatment. RESULTS A dose-dependent hypotensive effect was observed following auraptene injection, which was significant at 250 and 500 µg/kg (p < 0.001) but not 125 µg/kg (p > 0.05). With respect to the positive control, nifedipine reduced MABP at all tested doses, dose-dependently and significantly (p < 0.001). The MABP lowering effect of auraptene was found to be significantly lower than that of nifedipine (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION In light of the present findings, auraptene has moderate hypotensive activity. Further investigations are recommended to explore the effects of higher doses as well as oral administration of this phytochemical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Imenshahidi
- Department of Pharmacodynamy and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad, Iran
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Gironés-Vilaplana A, Valentão P, Andrade PB, Ferreres F, Moreno DA, García-Viguera C. Phytochemical profile of a blend of black chokeberry and lemon juice with cholinesterase inhibitory effect and antioxidant potential. Food Chem 2012; 134:2090-6. [PMID: 23442660 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2012] [Revised: 03/09/2012] [Accepted: 04/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, black chokeberry concentrate was added (5% w/v) to lemon juice, since previous reports suggested potential health benefits of this blend. The phytochemical composition, antioxidant capacity (scavenging of DPPH, superoxide and hydroxyl radicals, and hypochlorous acid), and inhibitory activity against cholinesterase of the new blend were determined and compared with those of lemon juice and chokeberry in citric acid (5%). The chokeberry concentrate, rich in cyanidin-glycosides, quercetin derivatives, and 3-O-caffeoylquinic acid, and lemon juice, possessing flavones, flavanones, quercetin derivates, and hydroxycinnamic acids, were characterised. The new drink showed a higher antioxidant effect than the chokeberry or lemon controls for all the tested methods, except for hypochlorous acid, in which lemon juice displayed higher activity. Both the lemon juice and chokeberry controls inhibited acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase, and this effect was increased in the new mixtures. The results of the different radical scavenging assays indicate that the lemon-black chokeberry (5% w/v) mixture was more antioxidative than the respective controls separately. Moreover, their inhibition of cholinesterase is of interest regarding neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, or senile dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amadeo Gironés-Vilaplana
- Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC, P.O. Box 164, E-30100, Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
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