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de la Fuente-Fernández M, de la Fuente-Muñoz M, Román-Carmena M, Amor S, García-Redondo AB, Blanco-Rivero J, González-Hedström D, Espinel AE, García-Villalón ÁL, Granado M. Carob Extract Supplementation Together with Caloric Restriction and Aerobic Training Accelerates the Recovery of Cardiometabolic Health in Mice with Metabolic Syndrome. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11091803. [PMID: 36139877 PMCID: PMC9495762 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Carob, the fruit of Ceratonia siliqua L. exerts antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects and could be a useful strategy for the treatment and/or prevention of metabolic syndrome (MetS). The aim of this study was to analyze whether supplementation with a carob fruit extract (CSAT+®), alone or in combination with aerobic training, accelerates the recovery of cardiometabolic health in mice with MetS subjected to a caloric restriction. For this purpose, mice were fed with a high fat (58% kcal from fat)/high sugar diet for 23 weeks to induce MetS. During the next two weeks, mice with MetS were switched to a diet with a lower caloric content (25% kcal from fat) supplemented or not with CSAT+® (4.8%) and/or subjected to aerobic training. Both caloric reduction and aerobic training improved the lipid profile and attenuated MetS-induced insulin resistance measured as HOMA-IR. However, only supplementation with CSAT+® enhanced body weight loss, increased the circulating levels of adiponectin, and lowered the plasma levels of IL-6. Moreover, CSAT+® supplementation was the only effective strategy to reduce the weight of epidydimal adipose tissue and to improve insulin sensitivity in the liver and in skeletal muscle. Although all interventions improved endothelial function in aorta segments, only supplementation with CSAT+® reduced obesity-induced hypertension, prevented endothelial dysfunction in mesenteric arteries, and decreased the vascular response of aorta segments to the vasoconstrictor AngII. The beneficial cardiometabolic effects of CSAT+® supplementation, alone or in combination with aerobic training, were associated with decreased mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory markers such as MCP-1, TNFα, IL-1β, and IL-6 and with increased gene expression of antioxidant enzymes, such as GSR, GPX-3, and SOD-1 in the liver, gastrocnemius, retroperitoneal adipose tissue, and aorta. In conclusion, supplementation with CSAT+®, alone or in combination with aerobic training, to mice with MetS subjected to caloric restriction for two weeks enhances body weight loss, improves the lipid profile and insulin sensitivity, and exerts antihypertensive effects through its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mario de la Fuente-Muñoz
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Román-Carmena
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Amor
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Belén García-Redondo
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Paz (IdiPaz), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Blanco-Rivero
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Paz (IdiPaz), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel González-Hedström
- R&D Department, Pharmactive Biotech Products S.L.U., Parque Científico de Madrid, Calle Faraday 7, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto E. Espinel
- R&D Department, Pharmactive Biotech Products S.L.U., Parque Científico de Madrid, Calle Faraday 7, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Miriam Granado
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición. Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence:
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2
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Carob: A Sustainable Opportunity for Metabolic Health. Foods 2022; 11:foods11142154. [PMID: 35885396 PMCID: PMC9325207 DOI: 10.3390/foods11142154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) is an evergreen tree that belongs to the Leguminosae family and grows in the arid and semi-arid regions of the Mediterranean basin. The carob tree is resistant to droughts and salinity, while its deep root systems allow CO2 to sink, mitigating global warming effects. Traditionally, carob has been used to produce animal feed, but for many years, it was excluded from the human diet. Nowadays, agricultural and industrial sectors exploit carob fruit, also referred to as carob pod, and its primary products (i.e., flour, powder and syrup) to develop a variety of foods and beverages. The nutritional composition varies depending on the carob part but also on genetic, cultivar, seasonal and environmental factors. Despite the high sugar content, the carob pod is rich in insoluble fiber and microconstituents including phenolic compounds, inositols (mainly d-pinitol) and vitamins. In the present review article, we aimed to (a) highlight the role of carob cultivation in addressing climate change challenges and the need for sustainability, and (b) summarize the effects of carob consumption on obesity and related metabolic disorders.
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Nemet M, Vasilić M, Tomas A. Lipid-Lowering Effects of Carob Extracts (Ceratonia siliqua): Proposed Mechanisms and Clinical Importance. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:921123. [PMID: 35847051 PMCID: PMC9277349 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.921123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The global prevalence of dyslipidemia (elevated plasma levels of total cholesterol, LDL-Cholesterol, triglycerides, and lower plasma levels of HDL-Cholesterol) is constantly on the rise. Lately, carob pulp has been recognized as an effective natural product for the treatment of dyslipidemia. The two main components of the carob pulp, polyphenols, and insoluble fiber are believed to have beneficial effects on lipid metabolism. Studies on humans and animals confirmed its lipid-lowering effects. Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain this phenomenon, namely by affecting three organ systems: 1) gastrointestinal tract, 2) liver and 3) adipose tissue. Also, carob products have antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and vascular-protective activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Nemet
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
- *Correspondence: Marko Nemet,
| | - Milica Vasilić
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Ana Tomas
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
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4
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Zarezadeh M, Dehghani A, Faghfouri AH, Radkhah N, Naemi Kermanshahi M, Hamedi Kalajahi F, Mohammadzadeh Honarvar N, Ghoreishi Z, Ostadrahimi A, Ebrahimi Mamaghani M. Inositol supplementation and body mass index: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized clinical trials. Obes Sci Pract 2022; 8:387-397. [PMID: 35664247 PMCID: PMC9159559 DOI: 10.1002/osp4.569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Inositol is a sugar‐alcohol and recognized as a key component of cell membrane phospholipids. It has crucial role in the cell signaling pathways and contribute to improving glycemic responses. Although some earlier studies have revealed the effect of inositol mediating glucose uptake by improving insulin sensitivity, the benefit of inositol supplementation in patients with overweight and obesity is not completely understood. This study aimed to assess the impact of inositol supplementation on body mass index (BMI) through a systematic review and meta‐analysis of controlled clinical trials. Methods A systematic search was performed to August 2021 in the following databases: PubMed‐Medline, Embase, Web of Science and Scopus. Fifteen controlled clinical trials investigating the effect of inositol on adult's BMI were finally included in the study. A random‐effects model was employed to estimate the effect size. Subgroup analysis was performed by dose, duration, age, type of inositol. Meta‐regression was used to investigate presence of any linear relationship. Begg's and Egger's tests were carried out to detect small study effect. Results The results of pooled analysis showed that inositol supplementation significantly decreased BMI scores (WMD = −0.41 kg/m2; 95% CI: −0.78, −0.04; p = 0.028). Subgroup analysis was performed to identify the source of heterogeneity among studies (I2 = 73.9%, p < 0.001), demonstrating supplementation duration, baseline BMI, mean age of participants, type of inositol and dosage were potential sources of heterogeneity. The effect of intervention was more clinically significant in participants with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and overweight/obesity. Inositol in the form of myo‐inositol (MI) had stronger effect on BMI reduction. Conclusion The meta‐analysis suggests that oral inositol supplementation has positive effect on BMI reduction. Inositol supplementation could be considered as an adjunct treatment to improve body mass index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meysam Zarezadeh
- Student Research Committee Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
- Department of Clinical Nutrition Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science Nutrition Research Center Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Azadeh Dehghani
- Student Research Committee Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
- Department of Community Nutrition Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science Nutrition Research Center Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Faghfouri
- Student Research Committee Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
- Department of Community Nutrition Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science Nutrition Research Center Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Nima Radkhah
- Department of Community Nutrition Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science Nutrition Research Center Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Mohammad Naemi Kermanshahi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science Nutrition Research Center Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Fatemeh Hamedi Kalajahi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Niyaz Mohammadzadeh Honarvar
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Zohreh Ghoreishi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science Nutrition Research Center Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Alireza Ostadrahimi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science Nutrition Research Center Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Mehrangiz Ebrahimi Mamaghani
- Department of Biochemistry and Diet Therapy School of Nutrition and Food Science Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
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Chávez-Castillo M, Nuñez V, Rojas M, Ortega Á, Durán P, Pirela D, Marquina M, Cano C, Chacín M, Velasco M, Rojas-Quintero J, Bermúdez V. Exploring Phytotherapeutic Alternatives for Obesity, Insulin Resistance and Diabetes Mellitus. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 26:4430-4443. [PMID: 32611293 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200701205132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
At present, the pathologic spectrum of obesity-insulin resistance (IR)-diabetes mellitus (DM) represents not only a pressing matter in public health but also a paramount object of study in biomedical research, as they constitute major risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD), and other chronic non-communicable diseases (NCD). Phytotherapy, the use of medicinal herbs (MH) with treatment purposes, offers a wide array of opportunities for innovation in the management of these disorders; mainly as pharmacological research on small molecules accumulates. Several MH has displayed varied mechanisms of action relevant to the pathogenesis of obesity, IR and DM, including immunological and endocrine modulation, reduction of inflammation and oxidative stress (OS), regulation of appetite, thermogenesis and energy homeostasis, sensitisation to insulin function and potentiation of insulin release, among many others. However, the clinical correlates of these molecular phenomena remain relatively uncertain, with only a handful of MH boasting convincing clinical evidence in this regard. This review comprises an exploration of currently available preclinical and clinical research on the role of MH in the management of obesity, IR, and DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mervin Chávez-Castillo
- Psychiatric Hospital of Maracaibo, Maracaibo, Venezuela,Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Victoria Nuñez
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Milagros Rojas
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Ángel Ortega
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Pablo Durán
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Daniela Pirela
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - María Marquina
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Clímaco Cano
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Maricarmen Chacín
- Universidad Simón Bolívar, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Manuel Velasco
- Clinical Pharmacology Unit, José María Vargas School of Medicine, Central University of Venezuela, Caracas-Venezuela
| | - Joselyn Rojas-Quintero
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Department, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Valmore Bermúdez
- Universidad Simón Bolívar, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Barranquilla, Colombia
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de la Fuente-Fernández M, González-Hedström D, Amor S, Tejera-Muñoz A, Fernández N, Monge L, Almodóvar P, Andrés-Delgado L, Santamaría L, Prodanov M, Inarejos-García AM, García-Villalón AL, Granado M. Supplementation with a Carob ( Ceratonia siliqua L.) Fruit Extract Attenuates the Cardiometabolic Alterations Associated with Metabolic Syndrome in Mice. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9040339. [PMID: 32326269 PMCID: PMC7222348 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9040339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) is increasing worldwide which makes necessary the finding of new strategies to treat and/or prevent it. The aim of this study was to analyze the possible beneficial effects of a carob fruit extract (CSAT+®) on the cardiometabolic alterations associated with MetS in mice. 16-week-old C57BL/6J male mice were fed for 26 weeks either with a standard diet (chow) or with a diet rich in fats and sugars (HFHS), supplemented or not with 4.8% of CSAT+®. CSAT+® supplementation reduced blood glucose, Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) and circulating levels of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (LDL-c), insulin, and interleukin-6 (IL-6). In adipose tissue and skeletal muscle, CSAT+® prevented MetS-induced insulin resistance, reduced macrophage infiltration and the expression of pro-inflammatory markers, and up-regulated the mRNA levels of antioxidant markers. Supplementation with CSAT+® prevented MetS-induced hypertension and decreased the vascular response of aortic rings to angiotensin II (AngII). Moreover, treatment with CSAT+® attenuated endothelial dysfunction and increased vascular sensitivity to insulin. In the heart, CSAT+® supplementation reduced cardiomyocyte apoptosis and prevented ischemia-reperfusion-induced decrease in cardiac contractility. The beneficial effects at the cardiovascular level were associated with a lower expression of pro-inflammatory and pro-oxidant markers in aortic and cardiac tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- María de la Fuente-Fernández
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.d.l.F.-F.); (D.G.-H.); (S.A.); (A.T.-M.); (N.F.); (L.M.); (A.L.G.-V.)
| | - Daniel González-Hedström
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.d.l.F.-F.); (D.G.-H.); (S.A.); (A.T.-M.); (N.F.); (L.M.); (A.L.G.-V.)
- Pharmactive Biotech Products S.L. Parque Científico de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (P.A.); (A.M.I.-G.)
| | - Sara Amor
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.d.l.F.-F.); (D.G.-H.); (S.A.); (A.T.-M.); (N.F.); (L.M.); (A.L.G.-V.)
| | - Antonio Tejera-Muñoz
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.d.l.F.-F.); (D.G.-H.); (S.A.); (A.T.-M.); (N.F.); (L.M.); (A.L.G.-V.)
| | - Nuria Fernández
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.d.l.F.-F.); (D.G.-H.); (S.A.); (A.T.-M.); (N.F.); (L.M.); (A.L.G.-V.)
| | - Luis Monge
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.d.l.F.-F.); (D.G.-H.); (S.A.); (A.T.-M.); (N.F.); (L.M.); (A.L.G.-V.)
| | - Paula Almodóvar
- Pharmactive Biotech Products S.L. Parque Científico de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (P.A.); (A.M.I.-G.)
- Departamento de Química Física Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias, CIAL (CEI, CSIC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Laura Andrés-Delgado
- Departamento de Anatomía, Histología y Neurociencia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (L.A.-D.); (L.S.)
| | - Luis Santamaría
- Departamento de Anatomía, Histología y Neurociencia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (L.A.-D.); (L.S.)
| | - Marin Prodanov
- Departamento de Química Física Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias, CIAL (CEI, CSIC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
| | | | - Angel Luis García-Villalón
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.d.l.F.-F.); (D.G.-H.); (S.A.); (A.T.-M.); (N.F.); (L.M.); (A.L.G.-V.)
| | - Miriam Granado
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.d.l.F.-F.); (D.G.-H.); (S.A.); (A.T.-M.); (N.F.); (L.M.); (A.L.G.-V.)
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28006 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence:
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7
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Talebi S, Bagherniya M, Atkin SL, Askari G, Orafai HM, Sahebkar A. The beneficial effects of nutraceuticals and natural products on small dense LDL levels, LDL particle number and LDL particle size: a clinical review. Lipids Health Dis 2020; 19:66. [PMID: 32276631 PMCID: PMC7149933 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-020-01250-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are globally the major causes of morbidity and mortality. Evidence shows that smaller and denser low-dense lipoprotein (sdLDL) particles are independent atherogenic risk factors for CVD due to their greater susceptibility to oxidation, and permeability in the endothelium of arterial walls. sdLDL levels are an independent risk factor and of more predictive value than total LDL-C for the assessment of coronary artery disease and metabolic syndrome. Functional food ingredients have attracted significant attention for the management of dyslipidemia and subsequently increase cardio-metabolic health. However, to date there is no study that has investigated the effect of these bioactive natural compounds on sdLDL levels. Therefore, the aim of the present review is to summarize the evidence accrued on the effect of special dietary ingredients such as omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, nutraceuticals and herbal medicines on the levels of sdLDL, LDL particle number, and LDL particle size. Based on the results of the existing clinical trials this review suggests that natural products such as medicinal plants, nutraceuticals and omega-3 fatty acids can be used as adjunct or complementary therapeutic agents to reduce sdLDL levels, LDL particle numbers or increase LDL particle size and subsequently may prevent and treat CVD, with the advantage that theses natural agents are generally safe, accessible, and inexpensive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepide Talebi
- Students' Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Bagherniya
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Gholamreza Askari
- Food Security Research Center and Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hossein M Orafai
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zahraa University, Karbala, Iraq
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA, Tehran, Iran. .,Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. .,Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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8
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Chait YA, Gunenc A, Bendali F, Hosseinian F. Simulated gastrointestinal digestion and in vitro colonic fermentation of carob polyphenols: Bioaccessibility and bioactivity. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2019.108623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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9
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Payab M, Hasani-Ranjbar S, Shahbal N, Qorbani M, Aletaha A, Haghi-Aminjan H, Soltani A, Khatami F, Nikfar S, Hassani S, Abdollahi M, Larijani B. Effect of the herbal medicines in obesity and metabolic syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials. Phytother Res 2019; 34:526-545. [PMID: 31793087 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a medical situation in which excess body fat has gathered because of imbalance between energy intake and energy expenditure. In spite of the fact that the variety of studies are available for obesity treatment and management, its "globesity" still remains a big challenge all over the world. The current systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and mechanisms of effective herbal medicines in the management and treatment of obesity and metabolic syndrome in human. We systematically searched all relevant clinical trials via Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, and the Cochrane database to assess the effects of raw or refined products derived from plants or parts of plants on obesity and metabolic syndrome in overweight and obesity adult subjects. All studies conducted by the end of May 2019 were considered in the systematic review. Data were extracted independently by two experts. The quality assessment was assessed using Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials checklist. The main outcomes were anthropometric indices and metabolic syndrome components. Pooled effect of herbal medicines on obesity and metabolic syndrome were presented as standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI). A total of 279 relevant clinical trials were included. Herbals containing green tea, Phaseolus vulgaris, Garcinia cambogia, Nigella sativa, puerh tea, Irvingia gabonensis, and Caralluma fimbriata and their active ingredients were found to be effective in the management of obesity and metabolic syndrome. In addition, C. fimbriata, flaxseed, spinach, and fenugreek were able to reduce appetite. Meta-analysis showed that intake of green tea resulted in a significant improvement in weight ([SMD]: -0.75 [-1.18, -0.319]), body mass index ([SMD]: -1.2 [-1.82, -0.57]), waist circumference ([SMD]: -1.71 [-2.66, -0.77]), hip circumference ([SMD]: -0.42 [-1.02, -0.19]), and total cholesterol, ([SMD]: -0.43 [-0.77, -0.09]). In addition, the intake of P. vulgaris and N. sativa resulted in a significant improvement in weight ([SMD]: -0.88, 95 % CI: [-1.13, -0.63]) and triglyceride ([SMD]: -1.67, 95 % CI: [-2.54, -0.79]), respectively. High quality trials are still needed to firmly establish the clinical efficacy of the plants in obesity and metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moloud Payab
- Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shirin Hasani-Ranjbar
- Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nazila Shahbal
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Qorbani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Azadeh Aletaha
- Evidence Based Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Haghi-Aminjan
- Pharmaceutical Science Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Akbar Soltani
- Evidence Based Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Khatami
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shekoufeh Nikfar
- Department of Pharmacoeconomics and Pharmaceutical Administration, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Evidence-based Evaluation of Cost-Effectiveness and Clinical Outcomes Group, Pharmaceutical Science Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shokoufeh Hassani
- Toxicology and Diseases Group (TDG), Pharmaceutical Science Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), and Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abdollahi
- Toxicology and Diseases Group (TDG), Pharmaceutical Science Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), and Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Pinitol alleviates systemic inflammatory cytokines in human obesity by a mechanism involving unfolded protein response and sirtuin 1. Clin Nutr 2018; 37:2036-2044. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2017.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Lambert C, Cubedo J, Padró T, Vilahur G, López-Bernal S, Rocha M, Hernández-Mijares A, Badimon L. Effects of a Carob-Pod-Derived Sweetener on Glucose Metabolism. Nutrients 2018; 10:E271. [PMID: 29495516 PMCID: PMC5872689 DOI: 10.3390/nu10030271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have a higher incidence of cardiovascular (CV) events. The ingestion of high-glycemic index (GI) diets, specially sweetened beverage consumption, has been associated with the development of T2DM and CV disease. OBJECTIVE We investigated the effects of the intake of a sweetened beverage, obtained from natural carbohydrates containing pinitol (PEB) compared to a sucrose-enriched beverage (SEB) in the context of impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and diabetes. METHODS The study was divided in three different phases: (1) a discovery phase where the plasma proteomic profile was investigated by 2-DE (two-dimensional electrophoresis) followed by mass spectrometry (matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight-MALDI-TOF/TOF) in healthy and IGT volunteers; (2) a verification phase where the potential mechanisms behind the observed protein changes were investigated in the discovery cohort and in an additional group of T2DM volunteers; and (3) the results were validated in a proof-of-concept interventional study in an animal model of diabetic rats with complementary methodologies. RESULTS Six weeks of pinitol-enriched beverage (PEB) intake induced a significant increase in two proteins involved in the insulin secretion pathway, insulin-like growth factor acid labile subunit (IGF1BP-ALS; 1.3-fold increase; P = 0.200) and complement C4A (1.83-fold increase; P = 0.007) in IGT subjects but not in healthy volunteers. Changes in C4A were also found in the serum samples of Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats after four weeks of PEB intake compared to basal levels (P = 0.042). In addition, an increased expression of the glucose transporter-2 (GLUT2) gene was observed in the jejunum (P = 0.003) of inositol-supplemented rats when compared to sucrose supplementation. This change was correlated with the observed change in C4A (P = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the substitution of a common sugar source, such as sucrose, by a naturally-based, pinitol-enriched beverage induces changes in the insulin secretion pathway that could help to reduce blood glucose levels by protecting β-cells and by stimulating the insulin secretion pathway. This mechanism of action could have a relevant role in the prevention of insulin resistance and diabetes progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Lambert
- Program ICCC-Cardiovascular Research Center, Institut de Reserca, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, 08025 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Judit Cubedo
- Program ICCC-Cardiovascular Research Center, Institut de Reserca, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, 08025 Barcelona, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Ciber CV, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Teresa Padró
- Program ICCC-Cardiovascular Research Center, Institut de Reserca, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, 08025 Barcelona, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Ciber CV, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Gemma Vilahur
- Program ICCC-Cardiovascular Research Center, Institut de Reserca, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, 08025 Barcelona, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Ciber CV, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Sergi López-Bernal
- Program ICCC-Cardiovascular Research Center, Institut de Reserca, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, 08025 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Milagros Rocha
- Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital Dr Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), 46020 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Antonio Hernández-Mijares
- Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital Dr Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), 46020 Valencia, Spain.
- Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Lina Badimon
- Program ICCC-Cardiovascular Research Center, Institut de Reserca, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, 08025 Barcelona, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Ciber CV, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- Cardiovascular Research Chair, UAB, 08025 Barcelona, Spain.
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12
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Bañuls C, Rovira-Llopis S, López-Doménech S, Veses S, Víctor VM, Rocha M, Hernández-Mijares A. Effect of consumption of a carob pod inositol-enriched beverage on insulin sensitivity and inflammation in middle-aged prediabetic subjects. Food Funct 2018; 7:4379-4387. [PMID: 27713964 DOI: 10.1039/c6fo01021k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This study assessed the effects of an inositol-enriched beverage (IEB) on blood glucose levels and inflammation status in subjects with an impaired fasting glucose (IFG) state according to body mass index (BMI). This was a 12 week, double-blind, randomized, controlled trial employing forty-four IFG subjects (fasting glucose levels 100-125 mg dl-1) that were divided into two intervention groups: one receiving a IEB (n = 24) containing mainly pinitol (2.0 g twice a day), and the other a sweetened beverage based on sucrose (SB; n = 20). Anthropometric and biochemical measurements, postprandial and fasting nocturnal glycaemia (continuous glucose monitoring system), and inflammatory parameters (IL-6 and TNF-α) were analyzed at baseline and after intervention according to BMI (non-obese: BMI < 30 kg m-2 or obese: BMI ≥ 30 kg m-2). Non-obese subjects who consumed IEB exhibited a significant decrease in insulin (-14.4%), HOMA-IR index (-15.1%) and percentage of glucose change after postprandial and fasting nocturnal periods (-10.0% and -10.3%, respectively) compared with the SB group (-2.35% and 10.2%, respectively) although they did not show any change in inflammatory cytokine levels. By contrast, obese subjects who consumed IEB showed a smaller variation in glucose levels after nocturnal fasting (-4.34%) and a marked decrease in IL-6 and TNF-α (p < 0.05). These findings support that consumption of IEB in prediabetic subjects produces a response that is dependent on BMI, with a clear improvement of insulin resistance and postprandial and nocturnal glycemia in non-obese subjects and a marked anti-inflammatory response in obese subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia Bañuls
- Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital Dr. Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Avda. Gaspar Aguilar 90, 46017, Valencia, Spain. and Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, Av Blasco Ibáñez 17, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Susana Rovira-Llopis
- Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital Dr. Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Avda. Gaspar Aguilar 90, 46017, Valencia, Spain. and Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, Av Blasco Ibáñez 17, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Sandra López-Doménech
- Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital Dr. Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Avda. Gaspar Aguilar 90, 46017, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Silvia Veses
- Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital Dr. Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Avda. Gaspar Aguilar 90, 46017, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Víctor M Víctor
- Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital Dr. Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Avda. Gaspar Aguilar 90, 46017, Valencia, Spain. and Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, Av Blasco Ibáñez 17, 46010 Valencia, Spain and CIBER CB06/04/0071 research group, CIBER Hepatic and Digestive Diseases, University of Valencia, Av Blasco Ibáñez 13, 46010 Valencia, Spain and Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Av Blasco Ibáñez 13, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Milagros Rocha
- Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital Dr. Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Avda. Gaspar Aguilar 90, 46017, Valencia, Spain. and Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, Av Blasco Ibáñez 17, 46010 Valencia, Spain and CIBER CB06/04/0071 research group, CIBER Hepatic and Digestive Diseases, University of Valencia, Av Blasco Ibáñez 13, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Antonio Hernández-Mijares
- Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital Dr. Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Avda. Gaspar Aguilar 90, 46017, Valencia, Spain. and Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, Av Blasco Ibáñez 17, 46010 Valencia, Spain and Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Av Blasco Ibáñez 13, 46010 Valencia, Spain
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13
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Saito M, Ishida A, Nakagawa S. In vitro production of insulin-responsive skeletal muscle tissue from mouse embryonic stem cells by spermine-induced differentiation method. Hum Cell 2017; 30:162-168. [PMID: 28577277 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-017-0176-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The treatment of an embryoid body with spermine for a short duration can trigger the generation of a 3-dimensional multilayer myotube sheet (MMTS) that shows pulsatile activity. MMTS was previously characterized as a model of skeletal muscle tissue. In the present work, the insulin responsiveness of MMTS was investigated because it is an essential function for a model of skeletal muscle. The glucose uptake activity of MMTS was analyzed by confocal microscopy using fluorescent glucose analogs, namely 2-[N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl)amino]-2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-NBDG) and its L-glucose counterpart, 2-NBDLG. The specific uptake rate of glucose was estimated from the difference between the fluorescent signals of 2-NBDG and 2-NBDLG. It was enhanced by insulin stimulation to 3.6 times higher than the control without insulin, and this insulin responsiveness was maintained for 5 days. The advantages of the 3-dimensional structure of MMTS are discussed in the contexts of its potential in vivo and in vitro uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikako Saito
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16, Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan.
| | - Ayano Ishida
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16, Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan
| | - Shota Nakagawa
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16, Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan
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Influence of Roasting on Sensory, Antioxidant, Aromas, and Physicochemical Properties of Carob Pod Powder (Ceratonia siliquaL.). J FOOD QUALITY 2017. [DOI: 10.1155/2017/4193672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The main objective of this research was to compare physicochemical parameters, antioxidant activity, lipid composition, and sensory analysis of initial and roasted carob pod powder (Ceratonia siliquaL.) obtained at different roasting temperatures. The roasted products became darker and the average moisture content, water activity, oil content, and sweetness values decreased at higher temperatures. Total polyphenol content and antioxidant activity increased with increasing roasted temperature. Oleic acid, linoleic acid, and palmitic acid were the main fatty acids present in carob oil. Results showed that the roasted carob pod powders are sweeter, have more caramel-like taste, and have more cacao-like aroma at lower roasting temperatures but have more astringent taste, coffee-like aroma, and roasted aroma at higher roasting temperatures.
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