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Mehta NH, Huey SL, Kuriyan R, Peña-Rosas JP, Finkelstein JL, Kashyap S, Mehta S. Potential Mechanisms of Precision Nutrition-Based Interventions for Managing Obesity. Adv Nutr 2024; 15:100186. [PMID: 38316343 PMCID: PMC10914563 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Precision nutrition (PN) considers multiple individual-level and environmental characteristics or variables to better inform dietary strategies and interventions for optimizing health, including managing obesity and metabolic disorders. Here, we review the evidence on potential mechanisms-including ones to identify individuals most likely to respond-that can be leveraged in the development of PN interventions addressing obesity. We conducted a review of the literature and included laboratory, animal, and human studies evaluating biochemical and genetic data, completed and ongoing clinical trials, and public programs in this review. Our analysis describes the potential mechanisms related to 6 domains including genetic predisposition, circadian rhythms, physical activity and sedentary behavior, metabolomics, the gut microbiome, and behavioral and socioeconomic characteristics, i.e., the factors that can be leveraged to design PN-based interventions to prevent and treat obesity-related outcomes such as weight loss or metabolic health as laid out by the NIH 2030 Strategic Plan for Nutrition Research. For example, single nucleotide polymorphisms can modify responses to certain dietary interventions, and epigenetic modulation of obesity risk via physical activity patterns and macronutrient intake have also been demonstrated. Additionally, we identified limitations including questions of equitable implementation across a limited number of clinical trials. These include the limited ability of current PN interventions to address systemic influences such as supply chains and food distribution, healthcare systems, racial or cultural inequities, and economic disparities, particularly when designing and implementing PN interventions in low- and middle-income communities. PN has the potential to help manage obesity by addressing intra- and inter-individual variation as well as context, as opposed to "one-size fits all" approaches though there is limited clinical trial evidence to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neel H Mehta
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Samantha L Huey
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States; Center for Precision Nutrition and Health, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Rebecca Kuriyan
- Division of Nutrition, St. John's Research Institute, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Juan Pablo Peña-Rosas
- Global Initiatives, The Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Julia L Finkelstein
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States; Center for Precision Nutrition and Health, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States; Division of Nutrition, St. John's Research Institute, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Sangeeta Kashyap
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Weill Cornell Medicine New York Presbyterian, New York, NY, United States
| | - Saurabh Mehta
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States; Center for Precision Nutrition and Health, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States; Division of Medical Informatics, St. John's Research Institute, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
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Ferenc K, Sokal-Dembowska A, Helma K, Motyka E, Jarmakiewicz-Czaja S, Filip R. Modulation of the Gut Microbiota by Nutrition and Its Relationship to Epigenetics. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1228. [PMID: 38279228 PMCID: PMC10816208 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The intestinal microbiota is a community of microorganisms inhabiting the human intestines, potentially influencing both physiological and pathophysiological processes in the human body. Existing evidence suggests that nutrients can influence the modulation of the gut microbiota. However, there is still limited evidence regarding the effects of vitamin and mineral supplementation on the human gut microbiota through epigenetic modification. It is plausible that maintaining an adequate dietary intake of vitamin D, iron, fibre, zinc and magnesium may have a beneficial effect on alleviating inflammation in the body, reducing oxidative stress, and improving the condition of the intestinal microbiota through various epigenetic mechanisms. Moreover, epigenetics involves alterations in the phenotype of a cell without changing its fundamental DNA sequence. It appears that the modulation of the microbiota by various nutrients may lead to epigenetic regulation. The correlations between microbiota and epigenetics are potentially interdependent. Therefore, the primary objective of this review is to identify the complex relationships between diet, gut microbiota, and epigenetic regulation. These interactions could play a crucial role in systemic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Ferenc
- Institute of Medicine, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Aneta Sokal-Dembowska
- Institute of Health Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Kacper Helma
- Institute of Health Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Motyka
- Centre for Innovative Research in Medical and Natural Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland
| | | | - Rafał Filip
- Institute of Medicine, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland
- Department of Gastroenterology with IBD Unit, Clinical Hospital No. 2, 35-301 Rzeszow, Poland
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Lakshmanan AP, Deola S, Terranegra A. The Promise of Precision Nutrition for Modulation of the Gut Microbiota as a Novel Therapeutic Approach to Acute Graft-versus-host Disease. Transplantation 2023; 107:2497-2509. [PMID: 37189240 PMCID: PMC10664798 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000004629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) is a severe side effect of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (aHSCT) that has complex phenotypes and often unpredictable outcomes. The current management is not always able to prevent aGVHD. A neglected actor in the management of aGVHD is the gut microbiota. Gut microbiota dysbiosis after aHSCT is caused by many factors and may contribute to the development of aGVHD. Diet and nutritional status modify the gut microbiota and a wide range of products are now available to manipulate the gut microbiota (pro-, pre-, and postbiotics). New investigations are testing the effect of probiotics and nutritional supplements in both animal models and human studies, with encouraging results. In this review, we summarize the most recent literature about the probiotics and nutritional factors able to modulate the gut microbiota and we discuss the future perspective in developing new integrative therapeutic approaches to reducing the risk of graft-versus-host disease in patients undergoing aHSCT.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sara Deola
- Advanced Cell Therapy Core, Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, Qatar
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Fan L, Zhu X, Borenstein AR, Huang X, Shrubsole MJ, Dugan LL, Dai Q. Association of Circulating Caprylic Acid with Risk of Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Disease in the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) Cohort. J Prev Alzheimers Dis 2023; 10:513-522. [PMID: 37357292 PMCID: PMC10442865 DOI: 10.14283/jpad.2023.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) can rapidly cross the blood-brain barrier and provide an alternative energy source for the brain. This study aims to determine 1) whether plasma caprylic acid (C8:0) is associated with risk of incident mild cognitive impairment (MCI) among baseline cognitively normal (CN) participants, and incident Alzheimer's Disease (AD) among baseline MCI participants; and 2) whether these associations differ by sex, comorbidity of cardiometabolic diseases, apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 alleles, and ADAS-Cog 13. METHODS Within the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) cohort, plasma C8:0 was measured at baseline in 618 AD-free participants aged 55 to 91. Logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs with incident MCI and AD as dependent variables, separately. RESULTS The inverse association between circulating C8:0 and risk of incident MCI was of borderline significance. The inverse association between circulating levels of C8:0 and risk of incident MCI was significant among CN participants with ≥1 cardiometabolic diseases [OR (95% CI): 0.75 (0.58-0.98) (P=0.03)], those with one copy of APOE ε4 alleles [OR (95% CI): 0.43 (0.21-0.89) (P=0.02)], female [OR (95% CI): 0.60 (0.38-0.94) (P=0.02)], and ADAS-Cog 13 above the median [OR (95%CI): 0.69 (0.50-0.97)(P=0.03)] after adjusting for all covariates. CONCLUSION The inverse associations were present only among subgroups of CN participants, including female individuals, those with one or more cardiometabolic diseases, or one APOE ε4 allele, or higher ADAS-Cog 13 scores. If confirmed, this finding will facilitate precision prevention of MCI, in turn, AD among CN older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Fan
- Qi Dai, M.D., Ph.D., Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2525 West End Avenue, Suite 800, Nashville, TN 37203-1738, USA, Phone: (615) 936-0707, Fax: (615) 343-5938, E-mail:
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