1
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Zhou L, Zheng X, Yan J, He X, McClements DJ, Qiu C, Dai L, Sun Q. Preparation of debranched starch with high thermal stability and crystallinity using a novel thermal cycling treatment. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 345:122583. [PMID: 39227111 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
Herein, the effects of temperature cycling (4 °C/50 °C/100 °C) on the recrystallization, physicochemical properties, and digestibility of debranched starch (DBS) were investigated. Temperature cycling involved heating DBS to 100 °C to dissociate weak heat-sensitive crystalline structures and cooling to 4 °C to induce the rapid growth of crystal nuclei, followed by maintaining the temperature at 50 °C to promote orderly crystalline growth. This procedure aimed to increase the degree of crystalline structure in recrystallized DBS, thereby resulting in DBS that was heat- and digestion-resistant. Temperature cycling increased the dissociation temperature of DBS, and temperatures of up to 114.8 °C were attained after five cycling times. With increasing cycles, the crystalline structure of DBS transitioned from B-type to the more robust and compact A-type, and the crystallinity increased to ∼81.9 % (after seven cycles). Raman and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra indicated that temperature cycling enhanced the short-range ordered structure of DBS. Moreover, in vitro digestion experiments demonstrated that the resistant starch content of DBS increased to ∼61.9 % after eight cycles. To summarize, this study demonstrated a green and effective method for preparing heat-and digestion-resistant recrystallized DBS, which can be used for developing dietary supplements and low gastrointestinal staples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyang Zhou
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, People's Republic of China; Qingdao Special Food Research Institute, Qingdao 266109, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiyin Zheng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, People's Republic of China; Qingdao Special Food Research Institute, Qingdao 266109, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiahui Yan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, People's Republic of China; Qingdao Special Food Research Institute, Qingdao 266109, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyang He
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, People's Republic of China; College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Murdoch 6150, Western Australia, Australia
| | - David Julian McClements
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, United States
| | - Chao Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, School of Food Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Dai
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, People's Republic of China; Qingdao Special Food Research Institute, Qingdao 266109, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qingjie Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, People's Republic of China; Qingdao Special Food Research Institute, Qingdao 266109, People's Republic of China; College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Murdoch 6150, Western Australia, Australia.
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2
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Li M, Ma S. A review of healthy role of dietary fiber in modulating chronic diseases. Food Res Int 2024; 191:114682. [PMID: 39059940 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Dietary fiber (DF) is considered an interventional diet beneficial for human health. High DF intake effectively reduces the incidence of three major chronic diseases, type 2 diabetes (T2DM), cardiovascular disease (CVD), and colorectal cancer (CRC). The health benefits of DF are closely related to their physicochemical properties with major positive roles in human digestion and intestinal health. However, mechanisms linking DF with diseases remain unclear. The development of genomics, metabolomics, and immunology, and the powerful combination of animal models and clinical trials, have facilitated a better understanding of the relationships between DF and diseases. Accumulating evidence suggests that the physical existence of DF and DF-microbiota interaction are the key parameters controlling the action mechanisms of DF in chronic diseases. Therefore, this review discusses the potential mechanism of DF modulating T2DM, CVD, and CRC, therefore providing a theoretical basis for more effective use of DF to intervene in chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyuan Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Sen Ma
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China.
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3
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Ma W, Tang J, Cheng H, Tian J, Wu Z, Zhou J, Xu E, Chen J. High-Resistant Starch Based on Amylopectin Cluster via Extrusion: From the Perspective of Chain-Length Distribution and Structural Formation. Foods 2024; 13:2532. [PMID: 39200459 PMCID: PMC11353313 DOI: 10.3390/foods13162532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Resistant starch (RS) has the advantage of reshaping gut microbiota for human metabolism and health, like glycemic control, weight loss, etc. Among them, RS3 prepared from pure starch is green and safe, but it is hard to achieve structural control. Here, we regulate the crystal structure of starch with different chain-length distributions (CLDs) via extrusion at low/high shearing levels. The change in CLDs in extruded starch was obtained, and their effects on the fine structure (Dm, dBragg, dLorentz, degree of order and double helix, degree of crystal) of RS and its physicochemical properties were investigated by SAXS, FTIR, XRD and 13C NMR analyses. The results showed that the RS content under a 250 r/min extrusion condition was the highest at 61.52%. Furthermore, the crystalline system induced by high amylopectin (amylose ≤ 4.78%) and a small amount of amylose (amylose ≥ 27.97%) was favorable for obtaining a high content of RS3-modified products under the extruding environment. The control of the moderate proportion of the A chains (DP 6-12) in the starch matrix was beneficial to the formation of RS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Ma
- National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (W.M.); (J.T.); (H.C.); (J.T.)
| | - Junyu Tang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (W.M.); (J.T.); (H.C.); (J.T.)
| | - Huan Cheng
- National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (W.M.); (J.T.); (H.C.); (J.T.)
- Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta, Zhejiang University, Jiaxing 314102, China;
| | - Jinhu Tian
- National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (W.M.); (J.T.); (H.C.); (J.T.)
| | - Zhengzong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China;
| | - Jianwei Zhou
- Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta, Zhejiang University, Jiaxing 314102, China;
| | - Enbo Xu
- National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (W.M.); (J.T.); (H.C.); (J.T.)
- Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta, Zhejiang University, Jiaxing 314102, China;
| | - Jianchu Chen
- National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (W.M.); (J.T.); (H.C.); (J.T.)
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4
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Beyoğlu D, Popov YV, Idle JR. The Metabolomic Footprint of Liver Fibrosis. Cells 2024; 13:1333. [PMID: 39195223 DOI: 10.3390/cells13161333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2024] [Revised: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Both experimental and clinical liver fibrosis leave a metabolic footprint that can be uncovered and defined using metabolomic approaches. Metabolomics combines pattern recognition algorithms with analytical chemistry, in particular, 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and various liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) platforms. The analysis of liver fibrosis by each of these methodologies is reviewed separately. Surprisingly, there was little general agreement between studies within each of these three groups and also between groups. The metabolomic footprint determined by NMR (two or more hits between studies) comprised elevated lactate, acetate, choline, 3-hydroxybutyrate, glucose, histidine, methionine, glutamine, phenylalanine, tyrosine and citrate. For GC-MS, succinate, fumarate, malate, ascorbate, glutamate, glycine, serine and, in agreement with NMR, glutamine, phenylalanine, tyrosine and citrate were delineated. For LC-MS, only β-muricholic acid, tryptophan, acylcarnitine, p-cresol, valine and, in agreement with NMR, phosphocholine were identified. The metabolomic footprint of liver fibrosis was upregulated as regards glutamine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, citrate and phosphocholine. Several investigators employed traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) treatments to reverse experimental liver fibrosis, and a commentary is given on the chemical constituents that may possess fibrolytic activity. It is proposed that molecular docking procedures using these TCM constituents may lead to novel therapies for liver fibrosis affecting at least one-in-twenty persons globally, for which there is currently no pharmaceutical cure. This in-depth review summarizes the relevant literature on metabolomics and its implications in addressing the clinical problem of liver fibrosis, cirrhosis and its sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diren Beyoğlu
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Western New England University, Springfield, MA 01119, USA
| | - Yury V Popov
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Idle
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Western New England University, Springfield, MA 01119, USA
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Zheng B, Ao T, Zhao X, Chen Y, Xie J, Gao X, Liu L, Hu X, Yu Q. Comprehensive assessment of the anti-obesity effects of highland barley total, insoluble, and soluble dietary fiber through multi-omics analysis. Food Res Int 2024; 189:114535. [PMID: 38876588 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
The impact of different forms of dietary fiber (total, insoluble or soluble) derived from the same source on health remains incompletely understood. In this study, the effects of total, insoluble, and soluble dietary fiber extracted from highland barley (HDF, HIDF, and HSDF) on combating obesity were evaluated and compared. A high-fat diet (HFD) was used to induce obesity in a murine model, followed by gavage administration of HDF, HIDF, or HSDF, and a comprehensive multi-omics approach was utilized to assess and compare the effects of these dietary fibers on obesity-related parameters. The results showed that all three dietary fibers significantly reduced body weight, modified blood lipid profiles, and ameliorated tissue damage in HFD-fed mice. Additionally, 16S rRNA sequencing analysis of mice feces showed that three types of dietary fiber exerted varying degrees of impact on the composition and abundance of gut microbiota while simultaneously promoting the biosynthesis of short-chain fatty acids. Specifically, HDF supplementation remarkably enhanced the abundance of Coprococcus, while HIDF and HSDF supplementation elevated the levels of Akkermansia and Allobaculum, respectively. Transcriptomic and proteomic results suggested the PPAR signaling pathway as a central regulatory mechanism influenced by these fibers. HDF and HIDF were particularly effective in modulating biological processes related to triglyceride and fatty acid metabolism, identifying Abcc3 and Dapk1 as potential targets. Conversely, HSDF primarily affected processes related to membrane lipids, ceramides, and phospholipids metabolism, with Pck1 identified as a potential target. Collectively, HDF, HIDF, and HSDF demonstrated distinct mechanisms in exerting exceptional anti-obesity properties. These insights may inform the development of personalized dietary interventions for obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang, 330047, China
| | - Tianxiang Ao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang, 330047, China
| | - Xiaole Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang, 330047, China
| | - Yi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang, 330047, China
| | - Jianhua Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang, 330047, China
| | - Xingcai Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang, 330047, China
| | - Li Liu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Xiaobo Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang, 330047, China
| | - Qiang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang, 330047, China.
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6
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Meijnikman AS, Nieuwdorp M, Schnabl B. Endogenous ethanol production in health and disease. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024; 21:556-571. [PMID: 38831008 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-024-00937-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
The gut microbiome exerts metabolic actions on distal tissues and organs outside the intestine, partly through microbial metabolites that diffuse into the circulation. The disruption of gut homeostasis results in changes to microbial metabolites, and more than half of the variance in the plasma metabolome can be explained by the gut microbiome. Ethanol is a major microbial metabolite that is produced in the intestine of nearly all individuals; however, elevated ethanol production is associated with pathological conditions such as metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and auto-brewery syndrome, in which the liver's capacity to metabolize ethanol is surpassed. In this Review, we describe the mechanisms underlying excessive ethanol production in the gut and the role of ethanol catabolism in mediating pathogenic effects of ethanol on the liver and host metabolism. We conclude by discussing approaches to target excessive ethanol production by gut bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Max Nieuwdorp
- Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Diabeter Centrum Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Bernd Schnabl
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Department of Medicine, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA.
- Center for Innovative Phage Applications and Therapeutics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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7
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Duan J, Du P, Jiang T, Ma X, Sun J, Liang J, Wang J, Liu C. Exploring the mechanism of enterotoxicity mediated by the microbiome-butyrate-PPAR axis in podophyllotoxin through the toxicological evidence chain (TEC) concept. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 280:116548. [PMID: 38850705 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Podophyllotoxin (PPT) is a lignan derived from the roots and stems of the Podophyllum plant. However, its enterotoxicity restricts its clinical application. The underlying mechanisms by which PPT exerts its action remain largely elusive. This study aimed to evaluate the molecular mechanisms underlying PPT-induced enterotoxicity utilizing the concept of toxicological evidence chain. Changes in body weight, behavior, and histopathological and biochemical markers in rats were observed. Additionally, microbiome, metabolome, and transcriptome analyses were integrated to identify potential microorganisms, metabolic markers, and major pathways using a co-occurrence network. Our findings suggested that PPT induced pathological changes in rats, including weight loss, diarrhea, and inflammation accompanied by increased levels of IFN-γ, IL-5, IL-6, GRO/KC, and IL-12p70. The decrease in butyrate levels in the PPT group may be related to the enrichment of Firmicutes. The reduction of butyrate levels may impair the expression of PPARγ, subsequently promoting Escherichia-Shigella proliferation. Additionally, the suppression of PPARs pathway may result in the increased production of inflammatory factors, contributing to enterotoxicity. This study offers a novel understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying PPT-induced enterotoxicity, making a significant contribution to developing strategies to mitigate PPT toxicity and prevent associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Duan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China.
| | - Peipei Du
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China.
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China.
| | - Xiao Ma
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China.
| | - Jiaxing Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China.
| | - Jin Liang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China.
| | - Jingjing Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China.
| | - Chuanxin Liu
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Clinical Multiomics and Translational Medicine, Henan Key Laboratory of Rare Diseases, Endocrinology and Metabolism Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China.
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Chu NHS, Chow E, Chan JCN. The Therapeutic Potential of the Specific Intestinal Microbiome (SIM) Diet on Metabolic Diseases. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:498. [PMID: 39056692 PMCID: PMC11273990 DOI: 10.3390/biology13070498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Exploring the intricate crosstalk between dietary prebiotics and the specific intestinal microbiome (SIM) is intriguing in explaining the mechanisms of current successful dietary interventions, including the Mediterranean diet and high-fiber diet. This knowledge forms a robust basis for developing a new natural food therapy. The SIM diet can be measured and evaluated to establish a reliable basis for the management of metabolic diseases, such as diabetes, metabolic (dysfunction)-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), obesity, and metabolic cardiovascular disease. This review aims to delve into the existing body of research to shed light on the promising developments of possible dietary prebiotics in this field and explore the implications for clinical practice. The exciting part is the crosstalk of diet, microbiota, and gut-organ interactions facilitated by producing short-chain fatty acids, bile acids, and subsequent metabolite production. These metabolic-related microorganisms include Butyricicoccus, Akkermansia, and Phascolarctobacterium. The SIM diet, rather than supplementation, holds the promise of significant health consequences via the prolonged reaction with the gut microbiome. Most importantly, the literature consistently reports no adverse effects, providing a strong foundation for the safety of this dietary therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natural H. S. Chu
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China; (E.C.); (J.C.N.C.)
| | - Elaine Chow
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China; (E.C.); (J.C.N.C.)
| | - Juliana C. N. Chan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China; (E.C.); (J.C.N.C.)
- Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Jiang FY, Yue SR, Tan YY, Tang N, Xu YS, Zhang BJ, Mao YJ, Xue ZS, Lu AP, Liu BC, Wang RR. Gynostemma pentaphyllum Extract Alleviates NASH in Mice: Exploration of Inflammation and Gut Microbiota. Nutrients 2024; 16:1782. [PMID: 38892715 PMCID: PMC11174846 DOI: 10.3390/nu16111782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
NASH (non-alcoholic steatohepatitis) is a severe liver disease characterized by hepatic chronic inflammation that can be associated with the gut microbiota. In this study, we explored the therapeutic effect of Gynostemma pentaphyllum extract (GPE), a Chinese herbal extract, on methionine- and choline-deficient (MCD) diet-induced NASH mice. Based on the peak area, the top ten compounds in GPE were hydroxylinolenic acid, rutin, hydroxylinoleic acid, vanillic acid, methyl vanillate, quercetin, pheophorbide A, protocatechuic acid, aurantiamide acetate, and iso-rhamnetin. We found that four weeks of GPE treatment alleviated hepatic confluent zone inflammation, hepatocyte lipid accumulation, and lipid peroxidation in the mouse model. According to the 16S rRNA gene V3-V4 region sequencing of the colonic contents, the gut microbiota structure of the mice was significantly changed after GPE supplementation. Especially, GPE enriched the abundance of potentially beneficial bacteria such as Akkerrmansia and decreased the abundance of opportunistic pathogens such as Klebsiella. Moreover, RNA sequencing revealed that the GPE group showed an anti-inflammatory liver characterized by the repression of the NF-kappa B signaling pathway compared with the MCD group. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) also showed that GPE downregulated the pathogen-induced cytokine storm pathway, which was associated with inflammation. A high dose of GPE (HGPE) significantly downregulated the expression levels of the tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), myeloid differentiation factor 88 (Myd88), cluster of differentiation 14 (CD14), and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) genes, as verified by real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Our results suggested that the therapeutic potential of GPE for NASH mice may be related to improvements in the intestinal microenvironment and a reduction in liver inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Yan Jiang
- Shanghai Innovation Center of TCM Health Service, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; (F.-Y.J.); (S.-R.Y.); (Y.-Y.T.); (N.T.); (Y.-S.X.); (B.-J.Z.)
| | - Si-Ran Yue
- Shanghai Innovation Center of TCM Health Service, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; (F.-Y.J.); (S.-R.Y.); (Y.-Y.T.); (N.T.); (Y.-S.X.); (B.-J.Z.)
| | - Yi-Yun Tan
- Shanghai Innovation Center of TCM Health Service, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; (F.-Y.J.); (S.-R.Y.); (Y.-Y.T.); (N.T.); (Y.-S.X.); (B.-J.Z.)
| | - Nan Tang
- Shanghai Innovation Center of TCM Health Service, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; (F.-Y.J.); (S.-R.Y.); (Y.-Y.T.); (N.T.); (Y.-S.X.); (B.-J.Z.)
| | - Yue-Song Xu
- Shanghai Innovation Center of TCM Health Service, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; (F.-Y.J.); (S.-R.Y.); (Y.-Y.T.); (N.T.); (Y.-S.X.); (B.-J.Z.)
- Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Bao-Jun Zhang
- Shanghai Innovation Center of TCM Health Service, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; (F.-Y.J.); (S.-R.Y.); (Y.-Y.T.); (N.T.); (Y.-S.X.); (B.-J.Z.)
| | - Yue-Jian Mao
- China Mengniu Dairy Company Limited, Hohhot 010000, China; (Y.-J.M.); (Z.-S.X.)
| | - Zheng-Sheng Xue
- China Mengniu Dairy Company Limited, Hohhot 010000, China; (Y.-J.M.); (Z.-S.X.)
| | - Ai-Ping Lu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong 999077, China;
| | - Bao-Cheng Liu
- Shanghai Innovation Center of TCM Health Service, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; (F.-Y.J.); (S.-R.Y.); (Y.-Y.T.); (N.T.); (Y.-S.X.); (B.-J.Z.)
| | - Rui-Rui Wang
- Shanghai Innovation Center of TCM Health Service, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; (F.-Y.J.); (S.-R.Y.); (Y.-Y.T.); (N.T.); (Y.-S.X.); (B.-J.Z.)
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10
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Fernandez-Cantos MV, Babu AF, Hanhineva K, Kuipers OP. Identification of metabolites produced by six gut commensal Bacteroidales strains using non-targeted LC-MS/MS metabolite profiling. Microbiol Res 2024; 283:127700. [PMID: 38518452 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2024.127700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
As the most abundant gram-negative bacterial order in the gastrointestinal tract, Bacteroidales bacteria have been extensively studied for their contribution to various aspects of gut health. These bacteria are renowned for their involvement in immunomodulation and their remarkable capacity to break down complex carbohydrates and fibers. However, the human gut microbiota is known to produce many metabolites that ultimately mediate important microbe-host and microbe-microbe interactions. To gain further insights into the metabolites produced by the gut commensal strains of this order, we examined the metabolite composition of their bacterial cell cultures in the stationary phase. Based on their abundance in the gastrointestinal tract and their relevance in health and disease, we selected a total of six bacterial strains from the relevant genera Bacteroides, Phocaeicola, Parabacteroides, and Segatella. We grew these strains in modified Gifu anaerobic medium (mGAM) supplemented with mucin, which resembles the gut microbiota's natural environment. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)-based metabolite profiling revealed 179 annotated metabolites that had significantly differential abundances between the studied bacterial strains and the control growth medium. Most of them belonged to classes such as amino acids and derivatives, organic acids, and nucleot(s)ides. Of particular interest, Segatella copri DSM 18205 (previously referred to as Prevotella copri) produced substantial quantities of the bioactive metabolites phenylethylamine, tyramine, tryptamine, and ornithine. Parabacteroides merdae CL03T12C32 stood out due to its ability to produce cadaverine, histamine, acetylputrescine, and deoxycarnitine. In addition, we found that strains of the genera Bacteroides, Phocaeicola, and Parabacteroides accumulated considerable amounts of proline-hydroxyproline, a collagen-derived bioactive dipeptide. Collectively, these findings offer a more detailed comprehension of the metabolic potential of these Bacteroidales strains, contributing to a better understanding of their role within the human gut microbiome in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Victoria Fernandez-Cantos
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Ambrin Farizah Babu
- School of Medicine, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland; Afekta Technologies Ltd., Microkatu 1, Kuopio 70210, Finland
| | - Kati Hanhineva
- School of Medicine, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland; Afekta Technologies Ltd., Microkatu 1, Kuopio 70210, Finland; Department of Life Technologies, Food Sciences Unit, University of Turku, Turku 20014, Finland
| | - Oscar P Kuipers
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.
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Li Y, Sun R, Lai C, Liu K, Yang H, Peng Z, Xu D, Huang F, Tang K, Peng Y, Liu X. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy ameliorates intestinal and systematic inflammation by modulating dysbiosis of the gut microbiota in Crohn's disease. J Transl Med 2024; 22:518. [PMID: 38816750 PMCID: PMC11137967 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05317-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota is pivotal in Crohn's disease (CD) and modulated by host physiological conditions. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) is a promising treatment for CD that can regulate gut microbiota. The relationship between HBOT and the gut microbiota in CD remains unknown. METHODS CD patients were divided into an HBOT group (n = 10) and a control group (n = 10) in this open-label prospective interventional study. The fecal samples before and after HBOT were used for 16 S rRNA gene sequencing and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT). A colitis mouse model was constructed using dextran sulfate sodium, and intestinal and systematic inflammation was evaluated. The safety and long-term effect of HBOT were observed. RESULTS HBOT significantly reduced the level of C-reactive protein (CRP) (80.79 ± 42.05 mg/L vs. 33.32 ± 18.31 mg/L, P = 0.004) and the Crohn's Disease Activity Index (CDAI) (274.87 ± 65.54 vs. 221.54 ± 41.89, P = 0.044). HBOT elevated the declined microbial diversity and ameliorated the altered composition of gut microbiota in patients with CD. The relative abundance of Escherichia decreased, and that of Bifidobacterium and Clostridium XIVa increased after HBOT. Mice receiving FMT from donors after HBOT had significantly less intestinal inflammation and serum CRP than the group before HBOT. HBOT was safe and well-tolerated by patients with CD. Combined with ustekinumab, more patients treated with HBOT achieved clinical response (30%vs.70%, P = 0.089) and remission (20%vs.50%, P = 0.160) at week 4. CONCLUSIONS HBOT modulates the dysbiosis of gut microbiota in CD and ameliorates intestinal and systematic inflammation. HBOT is a safe option for CD and exhibits a promising auxiliary effect to ustekinumab. TRIAL REGISTRATION Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR2200061193. Registered 15 June 2022, https://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.html?proj=171605 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Artificial Intelligence Computer Aided Diagnosis and Treatment for Digestive Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Ruizheng Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Chen Lai
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Kezhen Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, USA
| | - Huixiang Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Artificial Intelligence Computer Aided Diagnosis and Treatment for Digestive Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Ziheng Peng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Artificial Intelligence Computer Aided Diagnosis and Treatment for Digestive Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Duo Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Artificial Intelligence Computer Aided Diagnosis and Treatment for Digestive Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Fangling Huang
- Department of Hyperbaric oxygen, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Keke Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Artificial Intelligence Computer Aided Diagnosis and Treatment for Digestive Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Yu Peng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China.
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Artificial Intelligence Computer Aided Diagnosis and Treatment for Digestive Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China.
- Research Center for Geriatric Disorder, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China.
| | - Xiaowei Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China.
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Artificial Intelligence Computer Aided Diagnosis and Treatment for Digestive Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China.
- Research Center for Geriatric Disorder, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China.
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12
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Wang X, Hu X, Ye C, Zhao J, Tan SC, Zhou L, Zhao C, Wu KH, Yang X, Wei J, Yang M. Astragalus Polysaccharide Enhances Voriconazole Metabolism under Inflammatory Conditions through the Gut Microbiota. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2024; 12:481-495. [PMID: 38779521 PMCID: PMC11106349 DOI: 10.14218/jcth.2024.00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Voriconazole (VRC), a widely used antifungal drug, often causes hepatotoxicity, which presents a significant clinical challenge. Previous studies demonstrated that Astragalus polysaccharide (APS) can regulate VRC metabolism, thereby potentially mitigating its hepatotoxic effects. In this study, we aimed to explore the mechanism by which APS regulates VRC metabolism. Methods First, we assessed the association of abnormal VRC metabolism with hepatotoxicity using the Roussel Uclaf Causality Assessment Method scale. Second, we conducted a series of basic experiments to verify the promotive effect of APS on VRC metabolism. Various in vitro and in vivo assays, including cytokine profiling, immunohistochemistry, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, metabolite analysis, and drug concentration measurements, were performed using a lipopolysaccharide-induced rat inflammation model. Finally, experiments such as intestinal biodiversity analysis, intestinal clearance assessments, and Bifidobacterium bifidum replenishment were performed to examine the ability of B. bifidum to regulate the expression of the VRC-metabolizing enzyme CYP2C19 through the gut-liver axis. Results The results indicated that APS does not have a direct effect on hepatocytes. However, the assessment of gut microbiota function revealed that APS significantly increases the abundance of B. bifidum, which could lead to an anti-inflammatory response in the liver and indirectly enhance VRC metabolism. The dual-luciferase reporter gene assay revealed that APS can hinder the secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators and reduce the inhibitory effect on CYP2C19 transcription through the nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway. Conclusions The study offers valuable insights into the mechanism by which APS alleviates VRC-induced liver damage, highlighting its immunomodulatory influence on hepatic tissues and its indirect regulatory control of VRC-metabolizing enzymes within hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaokang Wang
- The Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Guangdong Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xianjing Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Chronic Inflammatory Diseases, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Chunxiao Ye
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jingqian Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Shing Cheng Tan
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Liangbin Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chenyu Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Kit Hang Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Nossa Senhora do Carmo-Lago Health Centre, Health Bureau, Macau, China
| | - Xixiao Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinbin Wei
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Maoxun Yang
- The Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Guangdong Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Chronic Inflammatory Diseases, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
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13
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Yang M, Cai W, Li X, Deng Y, Li J, Wang X, Zhu L, Wang C, Li X. The Effect of Type 2 Resistant Starch and Indole-3-Propionic Acid on Ameliorating High-Fat-Diet-Induced Hepatic Steatosis and Gut Dysbiosis. Foods 2024; 13:1625. [PMID: 38890854 PMCID: PMC11172015 DOI: 10.3390/foods13111625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Owing to the interplay of genetic and environmental factors, obesity has emerged as a significant global public health concern. To gain enhanced control over obesity, we examined the effects of type 2 resistant starch (RS2) and its promoted microbial-derived metabolite, indole-3-propionic acid (IPA), on hepatic steatosis, antioxidant activity, and gut microbiota in obese mice. Neither RS2 nor low-dose IPA (20 mg kg-1) exhibited a reduction in body weight or improved glucose and lipid metabolism in post-obesity state mice continuously fed the high-fat diet (HFD). However, both interventions improved hepatic steatosis, with RS2 being more effective in all measured parameters, potentially due to changes in gut microbiota and metabolites not solely attributed to IPA. LC-MS/MS analysis revealed increased serum IPA levels in both RS2 and IPA groups, which positively correlated with Bifidobacterium and Clostridium. Moreover, RS2 exhibited a more significant restoration of gut dysbiosis by promoting the abundance of health-promoting bacteria including Faecalibaculum and Bifidobacterium. These findings suggest that the regulatory role of RS2 on tryptophan metabolism only partially explains its prebiotic activity. Future studies should consider increasing the dose of IPA and combining RS2 and IPA to explore their potential interventions in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Science and Technology and College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (M.Y.); (W.C.)
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products & Institute of Food Sciences, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (X.L.); (J.L.); (X.W.); (L.Z.)
| | - Wanhao Cai
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Science and Technology and College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (M.Y.); (W.C.)
| | - Xinxin Li
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products & Institute of Food Sciences, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (X.L.); (J.L.); (X.W.); (L.Z.)
| | - Yixuan Deng
- The 2nd School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Chashan University Town, Wenzhou 325035, China;
| | - Jinjun Li
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products & Institute of Food Sciences, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (X.L.); (J.L.); (X.W.); (L.Z.)
| | - Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products & Institute of Food Sciences, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (X.L.); (J.L.); (X.W.); (L.Z.)
| | - Liying Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products & Institute of Food Sciences, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (X.L.); (J.L.); (X.W.); (L.Z.)
| | - Chong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Science and Technology and College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (M.Y.); (W.C.)
| | - Xiaoqiong Li
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products & Institute of Food Sciences, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (X.L.); (J.L.); (X.W.); (L.Z.)
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14
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Odriozola A, González A, Odriozola I, Álvarez-Herms J, Corbi F. Microbiome-based precision nutrition: Prebiotics, probiotics and postbiotics. ADVANCES IN GENETICS 2024; 111:237-310. [PMID: 38908901 DOI: 10.1016/bs.adgen.2024.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
Microorganisms have been used in nutrition and medicine for thousands of years worldwide, long before humanity knew of their existence. It is now known that the gut microbiota plays a key role in regulating inflammatory, metabolic, immune and neurobiological processes. This text discusses the importance of microbiota-based precision nutrition in gut permeability, as well as the main advances and current limitations of traditional probiotics, new-generation probiotics, psychobiotic probiotics with an effect on emotional health, probiotic foods, prebiotics, and postbiotics such as short-chain fatty acids, neurotransmitters and vitamins. The aim is to provide a theoretical context built on current scientific evidence for the practical application of microbiota-based precision nutrition in specific health fields and in improving health, quality of life and physiological performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Odriozola
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain.
| | - Adriana González
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Iñaki Odriozola
- Health Department of Basque Government, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Jesús Álvarez-Herms
- Phymo® Lab, Physiology, and Molecular Laboratory, Collado Hermoso, Segovia, Spain
| | - Francesc Corbi
- Institut Nacional d'Educació Física de Catalunya (INEFC), Centre de Lleida, Universitat de Lleida (UdL), Lleida, Spain
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15
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Schöler D, Schnabl B. The role of the microbiome in liver disease. Curr Opin Gastroenterol 2024; 40:134-142. [PMID: 38362864 PMCID: PMC10990783 DOI: 10.1097/mog.0000000000001013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The intestinal microbiome and the gut-liver axis play a major role in health and disease. The human gut harbors trillions of microbes and a disruption of the gut homeostasis can contribute to liver disease. In this review, the progress in the field within the last 3 years is summarized, focusing on metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD), autoimmune liver disease (AILD), and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). RECENT FINDINGS Changes in the fecal virome and fungal mycobiome have been described in patients with various liver diseases. Several microbial derived metabolites including endogenous ethanol produced by bacteria, have been mechanistically linked to liver disease such as MASLD. Virulence factors encoded by gut bacteria contribute to ALD, AILD and HCC. Novel therapeutic approaches focused on the microbiome including phages, pre- and postbiotics have been successfully used in preclinical models. Fecal microbiota transplantation has been effective in attenuating liver disease. Probiotics are safe in patients with alcohol-associated hepatitis and improve liver disease and alcohol addiction. SUMMARY The gut-liver axis plays a key role in the pathophysiology of liver diseases. Understanding the microbiota in liver disease can help to develop precise microbiota centered therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Schöler
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego
| | - Bernd Schnabl
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego
- Department of Medicine, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, USA
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16
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Luo W, Xiao Z, Yang X, Wu R, Li J, Yu Z, Guo S, Nie B, Liu D. Liver fat as a dietary target by Chinese Medical Nutrition Therapy (CMNT) diet for treating type 2 diabetes with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e081263. [PMID: 38684277 PMCID: PMC11086286 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-081263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) often coexist and increase risk for developing liver fibrosis and diabetes complications if no effective measures are taken. Dietary intervention is known to be able to achieve diabetes remission, while evidence regarding the long-term effect on liver fat is limited for comorbidity management of type 2 diabetes and NAFLD. This study aims to investigate the long-term effect of a Chinese Medical Nutrition Therapy (CMNT) diet accompanied by intermittent energy restriction on reducing liver fat and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) in patients with type 2 diabetes and NAFLD. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This is a multicentre two-armed parallel randomised controlled trial study. 120 participants with type 2 diabetes and NAFLD will be recruited from the physical examination centres of multiple hospitals in China. Participants will be randomly allocated 1:1 to either the CMNT group or the usual care group. The CMNT group will be instructed to consume the provided specific meal replacement Chinese medicinal foods consisting of 6 cycles of 5 consecutive days followed by 10 days of regular food intake. The usual care group will be given standard dietary advice. Primary outcomes are changes in the controlled attenuation parameter value by transient elastography and HbA1c level. Secondary outcomes include differences in anthropometrics, clinical blood markers, questionnaires, gut microbiota and metabolomics. Further follow-up will be performed at 6 months, 1 year and 2 years. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The study protocol was approved by the Biomedical Research Ethics Committee of Hunan Agricultural University (BRECHAU20200235).The results will be disseminated via relevant peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT05439226.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu Luo
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Horticulture College, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhiyong Xiao
- Horticulture College, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- Horticulture College, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Medical Nutrition Intervention Technology for Metabolic Diseases, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ruiyu Wu
- Horticulture College, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Medical Nutrition Intervention Technology for Metabolic Diseases, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jian Li
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Medical Nutrition Intervention Technology for Metabolic Diseases, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Clinical Research Centre, State Key Laboratory of Subhealth Intervention Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhen Yu
- Horticulture College, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shengxiang Guo
- Horticulture College, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Beibei Nie
- Horticulture College, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Dongbo Liu
- Horticulture College, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Clinical Research Centre, State Key Laboratory of Subhealth Intervention Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
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17
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Chen D, Wang Y, Yang J, Ou W, Lin G, Zeng Z, Lu X, Chen Z, Zou L, Tian Y, Wu A, Keating SE, Yang Q, Lin C, Liang Y. Shenling Baizhu San ameliorates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in mice by modulating gut microbiota and metabolites. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1343755. [PMID: 38720776 PMCID: PMC11076757 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1343755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its related mortality is increasing at an unprecedented rate. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been shown to offer potential for early prevention and treatment of NAFLD. The new mechanism of "Shenling Baizhu San" (SLBZS) is examined in this study for the prevention and treatment of NAFLD at the preclinical level. Methods: Male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into three groups: normal diet (ND), western diet + CCl4 injection (WDC), and SLBZS intervention (WDC + SLBZS). Body weights, energy intake, liver enzymes, pro-inflammatory factors, and steatosis were recorded in detail. Meanwhile, TPH1, 5-HT, HTR2A, and HTR2B were tested using qRT-PCR or ELISA. Dynamic changes in the gut microbiota and metabolites were further detected through the 16S rRNA gene and untargeted metabolomics. Results: SLBZS intervention for 6 weeks could reduce the serum and liver lipid profiles, glucose, and pro-inflammatory factors while improving insulin resistance and liver function indexes in the mice, thus alleviating NAFLD in mice. More importantly, significant changes were found in the intestinal TPH-1, 5-HT, liver 5-HT, and related receptors HTR2A and HTR2B. The 16S rRNA gene analysis suggested that SLBZS was able to modulate the disturbance of gut microbiota, remarkably increasing the relative abundance of probiotics (Bifidobacterium and Parvibacter) and inhibiting the growth of pro-inflammatory bacteria (Erysipelatoclostridium and Lachnoclostridium) in mice with NAFLD. Combined with metabolomics in positive- and negative-ion-mode analyses, approximately 50 common differential metabolites were selected via non-targeted metabolomics detection, which indicated that the targeting effect of SLBZS included lipid metabolites, bile acids (BAs), amino acids (AAs), and tryptophan metabolites. In particular, the lipid metabolites 15-OxEDE, vitamin D3, desoxycortone, and oleoyl ethanol amide were restored by SLBZS. Conclusion: Integrating the above results of multiple omics suggests that SLBZS ameliorates NAFLD via specific gut microbiota, gut-derived 5-HT, and related metabolites to decrease fat accumulation in the liver and inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongliang Chen
- School of Nursing, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yuanfei Wang
- School of Nursing, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jianmei Yang
- School of Nursing, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wanyi Ou
- School of Nursing, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Guiru Lin
- School of Nursing, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ze Zeng
- School of Nursing, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiaomin Lu
- School of Nursing, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zumin Chen
- School of Nursing, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Lili Zou
- School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yaling Tian
- School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Aiping Wu
- School of Nursing, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shelley E. Keating
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Qinhe Yang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Health Science Center, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Chenli Lin
- School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Health Science Center, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yinji Liang
- School of Nursing, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Health Science Center, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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Wang X, Jin Y, Di C, Zeng Y, Zhou Y, Chen Y, Pan Z, Li Z, Ling W. Supplementation of Silymarin Alone or in Combination with Salvianolic Acids B and Puerarin Regulates Gut Microbiota and Its Metabolism to Improve High-Fat Diet-Induced NAFLD in Mice. Nutrients 2024; 16:1169. [PMID: 38674860 PMCID: PMC11053752 DOI: 10.3390/nu16081169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Silymarin, salvianolic acids B, and puerarin were considered healthy food agents with tremendous potential to ameliorate non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, the mechanisms by which they interact with gut microbiota to exert benefits are largely unknown. After 8 weeks of NAFLD modeling, C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into five groups and fed a normal diet, high-fat diet (HFD), or HFD supplemented with a medium or high dose of Silybum marianum extract contained silymarin or polyherbal extract contained silymarin, salvianolic acids B, and puerarin for 16 weeks, respectively. The untargeted metabolomics and 16S rRNA sequencing were used for molecular mechanisms exploration. The intervention of silymarin and polyherbal extract significantly improved liver steatosis and recovered liver function in the mice, accompanied by an increase in probiotics like Akkermansia and Blautia, and suppressed Clostridium, which related to changes in the bile acids profile in feces and serum. Fecal microbiome transplantation confirmed that this alteration of microbiota and its metabolites were responsible for the improvement in NAFLD. The present study substantiated that alterations of the gut microbiota upon silymarin and polyherbal extract intervention have beneficial effects on HFD-induced hepatic steatosis and suggested the pivotal role of gut microbiota and its metabolites in the amelioration of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University (Northern Campus), Guangzhou 510080, China; (X.W.); (Y.J.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.C.); (Z.P.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yufeng Jin
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University (Northern Campus), Guangzhou 510080, China; (X.W.); (Y.J.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.C.); (Z.P.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Can Di
- BYHEALTH Institute of Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou 510663, China;
| | - Yupeng Zeng
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University (Northern Campus), Guangzhou 510080, China; (X.W.); (Y.J.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.C.); (Z.P.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yuqing Zhou
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University (Northern Campus), Guangzhou 510080, China; (X.W.); (Y.J.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.C.); (Z.P.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University (Northern Campus), Guangzhou 510080, China; (X.W.); (Y.J.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.C.); (Z.P.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Zhijun Pan
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University (Northern Campus), Guangzhou 510080, China; (X.W.); (Y.J.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.C.); (Z.P.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Zhongxia Li
- BYHEALTH Institute of Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou 510663, China;
| | - Wenhua Ling
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University (Northern Campus), Guangzhou 510080, China; (X.W.); (Y.J.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.C.); (Z.P.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou 510080, China
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Li H, Zhang L, Li J, Wu Q, Qian L, He J, Ni Y, Kovatcheva-Datchary P, Yuan R, Liu S, Shen L, Zhang M, Sheng B, Li P, Kang K, Wu L, Fang Q, Long X, Wang X, Li Y, Ye Y, Ye J, Bao Y, Zhao Y, Xu G, Liu X, Panagiotou G, Xu A, Jia W. Resistant starch intake facilitates weight loss in humans by reshaping the gut microbiota. Nat Metab 2024; 6:578-597. [PMID: 38409604 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-024-00988-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that modulation of gut microbiota by dietary fibre may offer solutions for metabolic disorders. In a randomized placebo-controlled crossover design trial (ChiCTR-TTRCC-13003333) in 37 participants with overweight or obesity, we test whether resistant starch (RS) as a dietary supplement influences obesity-related outcomes. Here, we show that RS supplementation for 8 weeks can help to achieve weight loss (mean -2.8 kg) and improve insulin resistance in individuals with excess body weight. The benefits of RS are associated with changes in gut microbiota composition. Supplementation with Bifidobacterium adolescentis, a species that is markedly associated with the alleviation of obesity in the study participants, protects male mice from diet-induced obesity. Mechanistically, the RS-induced changes in the gut microbiota alter the bile acid profile, reduce inflammation by restoring the intestinal barrier and inhibit lipid absorption. We demonstrate that RS can facilitate weight loss at least partially through B. adolescentis and that the gut microbiota is essential for the action of RS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huating Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong S.A.R., China.
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong S.A.R., China.
| | - Lei Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong S.A.R., China
- Department of Microbiome Dynamics, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Qian Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingling Qian
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Junsheng He
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong S.A.R., China
| | - Yueqiong Ni
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Microbiome Dynamics, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence Balance of the Microverse, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Rui Yuan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuangbo Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Shen
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingliang Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Sheng
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Computing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong S.A.R., China
- School of Design, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong S.A.R., China
| | - Kang Kang
- Department of Microbiome Dynamics, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Liang Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qichen Fang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoxue Long
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaolin Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Yanli Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Yaorui Ye
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Jianping Ye
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Metabolic Disease Research Center, Zhengzhou University Affiliated Zhengzhou Central Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuqian Bao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yueliang Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guowang Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Xinyu Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China.
| | - Gianni Panagiotou
- Department of Microbiome Dynamics, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany.
- Cluster of Excellence Balance of the Microverse, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany.
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany.
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong S.A.R., China.
| | - Aimin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong S.A.R., China.
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong S.A.R., China.
| | - Weiping Jia
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Wei S, Wang L, Evans PC, Xu S. NAFLD and NASH: etiology, targets and emerging therapies. Drug Discov Today 2024; 29:103910. [PMID: 38301798 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2024.103910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) pose a significant threat to human health and cause a tremendous socioeconomic burden. Currently, the molecular mechanisms of NAFLD and NASH remain incompletely understood, and no effective pharmacotherapies have been approved. In the past five years, significant advances have been achieved in our understanding of the pathomechanisms and potential pharmacotherapies of NAFLD and NASH. Research advances include the investigation of the effects of the fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) analog pegozafermin and the thyroid hormone receptor-β (THRβ) agonist resmetriom on hepatic fat content, NASH resolution and/or fibrosis regression. Future directions of NAFLD and NASH research (including combination therapy, organoids and humanized mouse models) are also discussed in this state-of-the-art review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shulin Wei
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China; Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Clinical Research Hospital of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Hefei), University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, China
| | - Paul C Evans
- Centre for Biochemical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Suowen Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Clinical Research Hospital of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Hefei), University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
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21
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Wu Y, Yin W, Hao P, Chen Y, Yu L, Yu X, Wu Y, Li X, Wang W, Zhou H, Yuan Y, Quan X, Yu Y, Hu B, Chen S, Zhou Z, Sun W. Polysaccharide from Panax japonicus C.A. Mey prevents non-alcoholic fatty liver disease development based on regulating liver metabolism and gut microbiota in mice. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 260:129430. [PMID: 38228199 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
In this study, a new polysaccharide (PSPJ) with specific molecular weight and monosaccharide compositions was isolated and purified from the water extract of Panacis Japonici Rhizoma (PJR). 16S rRNA analysis and untargeted metabolomic analysis were used to assess PSPJ's efficacy in averting non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This study indicated that PSPJ significantly reduced liver fat accumulation, the increase in blood lipids and ALT caused by HFD, indicating that PSPJ can prevent NAFLD. We demonstrated through cell experiments that PSPJ does not directly affect liver cells. The gut microbiota disorder and alterations in short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) induced by the high-fat diet (HFD) were ameliorated by PSPJ, as evidenced by the analysis of 16S rRNA. In particular, supplementing PSPJ reduced the abundance of Turicibacter, Dubosiella, and Staphylococcus, and increased the abundance of Bacteroides, Blautia, and Lactobacillus. Untargeted metabolomic analysis shows that PSPJ improves liver metabolic disorders by regulating arachidonic acid metabolism, carbohydrate digestion and absorption, fatty acid biosynthesis, fatty acid metabolism and retinol metabolism. The findings of our investigation indicate that PSPJ has the potential to modulate liver metabolism through alterations in the composition of intestinal bacteria, hence preventing NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wen Yin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ping Hao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yueru Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Lingyun Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xingjian Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento 95817, CA, United States of America
| | - Yu Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Xiaocong Li
- College of Medicine, Hubei Three Gorges Polytechnic, No.31 Stadium Road, Yichang 443000, China
| | - Wenjia Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, China
| | - Hui Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiaoyu Quan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yue Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Bing Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shouhai Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhenlei Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Wenjing Sun
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology, College of Biology & Pharmacy, Yulin Normal University, No. 1303 Jiaoyu East Road, Yulin 537000, Guangxi, China.
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22
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Xu C, Jiang H, Feng LJ, Jiang MZ, Wang YL, Liu SJ. Christensenella minuta interacts with multiple gut bacteria. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1301073. [PMID: 38440147 PMCID: PMC10910051 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1301073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Gut microbes form complex networks that significantly influence host health and disease treatment. Interventions with the probiotic bacteria on the gut microbiota have been demonstrated to improve host well-being. As a representative of next-generation probiotics, Christensenella minuta (C. minuta) plays a critical role in regulating energy balance and metabolic homeostasis in human bodies, showing potential in treating metabolic disorders and reducing inflammation. However, interactions of C. minuta with the members of the networked gut microbiota have rarely been explored. Methods In this study, we investigated the impact of C. minuta on fecal microbiota via metagenomic sequencing, focusing on retrieving bacterial strains and coculture assays of C. minuta with associated microbial partners. Results Our results showed that C. minuta intervention significantly reduced the diversity of fecal microorganisms, but specifically enhanced some groups of bacteria, such as Lactobacillaceae. C. minuta selectively enriched bacterial pathways that compensated for its metabolic defects on vitamin B1, B12, serine, and glutamate synthesis. Meanwhile, C. minuta cross-feeds Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and other bacteria via the production of arginine, branched-chain amino acids, fumaric acids and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), such as acetic. Both metagenomic data analysis and culture experiments revealed that C. minuta negatively correlated with Klebsiella pneumoniae and 14 other bacterial taxa, while positively correlated with F. prausnitzii. Our results advance our comprehension of C. minuta's in modulating the gut microbial network. Conclusions C. minuta disrupts the composition of the fecal microbiota. This disturbance is manifested through cross-feeding, nutritional competition, and supplementation of its own metabolic deficiencies, resulting in the specific enrichment or inhibition of the growth of certain bacteria. This study will shed light on the application of C. minuta as a probiotic for effective interventions on gut microbiomes and improvement of host health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - He Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Li-Juan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Min-Zhi Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yu-Lin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shuang-Jiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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23
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Garcia-Morena D, Fernandez-Cantos MV, Escalera SL, Lok J, Iannone V, Cancellieri P, Maathuis W, Panagiotou G, Aranzamendi C, Aidy SE, Kolehmainen M, El-Nezami H, Wellejus A, Kuipers OP. In Vitro Influence of Specific Bacteroidales Strains on Gut and Liver Health Related to Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2024:10.1007/s12602-024-10219-1. [PMID: 38319537 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-024-10219-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) has become a major health risk and a serious worldwide issue. MAFLD typically arises from aberrant lipid metabolism, insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and inflammation. However, subjacent causes are multifactorial. The gut has been proposed as a major factor in health and disease, and over the last decade, bacterial strains with potentially beneficial effects on the host have been identified. In vitro cell models have been commonly used as an early step before in vivo drug assessment and can confer complementary advantages in gut and liver health research. In this study, several selected strains of the order Bacteroidales were used in a three-cell line in vitro analysis (HT-29, Caco-2, and HepG2 cell lines) to investigate their potential as new-generation probiotics and microbiota therapeutics. Antimicrobial activity, a potentially useful trait, was studied, and the results showed that Bacteroidales can be a source of either wide- or narrow-spectrum antimicrobials targeting other closely related strains. Moreover, Bacteroides sp. 4_1_36 induced a significant decrease in gut permeability, as evidenced by the high TEER values in the Caco-2 monolayer assay, as well as a reduction in free fatty acid accumulation and improved fatty acid clearance in a steatosis HepG2 model. These results suggest that Bacteroidales may spearhead the next generation of probiotics to prevent or diminish MAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Garcia-Morena
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Victoria Fernandez-Cantos
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Silvia Lopez Escalera
- Chr. Hansen A/S, Bøge Allé 10-12, 2970, Hørsholm, Denmark
- Friedrich-Schiller Universität Jena, Fakultät für Biowissenschaften, 18K, 07743, Bachstraβe, Germany
| | - Johnson Lok
- School of Medicine, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, 70200, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Valeria Iannone
- School of Medicine, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, 70200, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Pierluca Cancellieri
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Willem Maathuis
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gianni Panagiotou
- Department of Microbiome Dynamics, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology (Leibniz-HKI), 07745, Jena, Germany
- Department of Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Carmen Aranzamendi
- Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, Host-Microbe Metabolic Interactions, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Sahar El Aidy
- Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, Host-Microbe Metabolic Interactions, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Marjukka Kolehmainen
- School of Medicine, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, 70200, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Hani El-Nezami
- Molecular and Cell Biology Division, School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Anja Wellejus
- Chr. Hansen A/S, Bøge Allé 10-12, 2970, Hørsholm, Denmark
| | - Oscar P Kuipers
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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24
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Xu L, Li M, Zhang J, Li D, Tao J, Zhang F, Jin X, Lu J, Liu T. Metabolomic landscape of macrophage discloses an anabolic signature of dengue virus infection and antibody-dependent enhancement of viral infection. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2024; 18:e0011923. [PMID: 38306392 PMCID: PMC10866464 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) infection causes dengue fever, the most prevalent arthropod-transmitted viral disease worldwide. Viruses are acellular parasites and obligately rely on host cell machinery for reproduction. Previous studies have indicated metabolomic changes in endothelial cell models and sera of animal models and patients with dengue fever. To probe the immunometabolic mechanism of DENV infection, here, we report the metabolomic landscape of a human macrophage cell model of DENV infection and its antibody-dependent enhancement. DENV infection of THP-1-derived macrophages caused 202 metabolic variants, of which amino acids occupied 23.7%, fatty acids 21.78%, carbohydrates 10.4%, organic acids 13.37%, and carnitines 10.4%. These metabolomic changes indicated an overall anabolic signature, which was characterized by the global exhaustion of amino acids, increases of cellular fatty acids, carbohydrates and pentoses, but decreases of acylcarnitine. Significant activation of metabolic pathways of glycolysis, pentose phosphate, amino acid metabolism, and tricarboxylic acid cycle collectively support the overall anabolism to meet metabolic demands of DENV replication and immune activation by viral infection. Totally 88 of 202 metabolic variants were significantly changed by DENV infection, 36 of which met the statistical standard (P<0.05, VIP>1.5) of differentially expressed metabolites, which were the predominantly decreased variants of acylcarnitine and the increased variants of fatty acids and carbohydrates. Remarkably, 11 differentially expressed metabolites were significantly distinct between DENV only infection and antibody-dependent enhancement of viral infection. Our data suggested that the anabolic activation by DENV infection integrates the viral replication and anti-viral immune activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xu
- Scientific Research Center, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Li
- Scientific Research Center, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingpu Zhang
- Scientific Research Center, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongxiao Li
- Metabo-Profile Biotechnology Company, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Tao
- Scientific Research Center, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fuchun Zhang
- Guangzhou Eighth People’s Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xia Jin
- Scientific Research Center, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiahai Lu
- Key Laboratory for Tropical Disease Control, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- One Health Center of Excellence for Research & Training, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Quality Monitoring and Evaluation of Vaccines and Biological Products, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Hainan Key Novel Thinktank "Hainan Medical University ’One Health’ Research Center", Haikou 571199, China
- Institute of One Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Tiefu Liu
- Scientific Research Center, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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25
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Wang L, Ye J. Commentary: Gut microbiota reduce the risk of hyperuricemia and gout in the human body. Acta Pharm Sin B 2024; 14:433-435. [PMID: 38261824 PMCID: PMC10793086 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- Metabolic Disease Research Center, Zhengzhou University Affiliated Zhengzhou Central Hospital, Zhengzhou 450007, China
| | - Jianping Ye
- Metabolic Disease Research Center, Zhengzhou University Affiliated Zhengzhou Central Hospital, Zhengzhou 450007, China
- Research Center for Basic Medicine, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
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Zhang X, Yu J, Wong VWS. Vive la resistant starch: A potential treatment for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis. Cell Metab 2023; 35:1491-1493. [PMID: 37673032 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2023.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease is a prevalent chronic liver disease that affects nearly a third of the global adult population. Here, we preview a randomized controlled clinical trial on the potential benefits and underlying mechanisms of using resistant starch, a prebiotic, for treating this common liver condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Vincent Wai-Sun Wong
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Medical Data Analytics Centre, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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